CN101733925B - Method for preparing polyester film for photovoltaic cell backplane - Google Patents

Method for preparing polyester film for photovoltaic cell backplane Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101733925B
CN101733925B CN2009101849857A CN200910184985A CN101733925B CN 101733925 B CN101733925 B CN 101733925B CN 2009101849857 A CN2009101849857 A CN 2009101849857A CN 200910184985 A CN200910184985 A CN 200910184985A CN 101733925 B CN101733925 B CN 101733925B
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China
Prior art keywords
polyester
screw extruder
film
temperature
antioxidant
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN2009101849857A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN101733925A (en
Inventor
魏文良
薛志刚
薛峰
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Tianjin Bohai Vocational Technical College
SHENDA GROUP CORP Ltd
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Tianjin Bohai Vocational Technical College
SHENDA GROUP CORP Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/918Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling characterized by differential heating or cooling
    • B29C48/9185Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling characterized by differential heating or cooling in the direction of the stream of the material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/04Particle-shaped
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07Flat, e.g. panels
    • B29C48/08Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/9258Velocity
    • B29C2948/926Flow or feed rate
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92704Temperature
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92857Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92876Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
    • B29C2948/92895Barrel or housing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92857Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92904Die; Nozzle zone

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preparing a polyester film for a photovoltaic cell backplane, which comprises:1, a process step of synthesizing polyester chips, which is to first add terephthalic acid, glycol and antimony acetate serving as a catalyst into a reaction kettle to perform esterification, then to add triethyl phosphate and antioxidant 1010 which are blended with glycol to perform an reaction and finally to discharge the products of the reaction; 2, a process step of preparing mother particles, which is to crush the polyester chips synthesized by the step 1, dry the crushed polyester chips, add polycarbodiimide, an ultraviolet absorber MV 3638, triethyl phosphate and antioxidant 1010, mix the mixture and extrude the mixture by a double-screw extruder to produce the particles; and 3, a process step of producing a film by biaxial tension, which is to place the polyester chips synthesized by the step 1, the mother particles prepared by the step 2 and SiO2 3,000+/-100ppm PET polyester chips into the double-screw extruder for blending the mixture, melt and extrude the mixture in the double-screw extruder, casting a piece by a casting piece machine and prepare the film by biaxial tension. The method of the invention can change an active terminal carboxyl group into a stable group, so the polyester film has high aging resistance.

Description

The preparation method who is used for the polyester film of photovoltaic cell backplane
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method who is used for the polyester film of photovoltaic cell backplane.Belong to high molecular polymerization and processing technique field.
(2) background technology
It is to be applied on the spaceship that solar cell is invented main purpose in early days; Three layers of laminated film of TPT of selecting Du Pont for use are as its notacoria; Tedlar (polyvinylidene fluoride film)~PET (PETG)~Tedlar (polyvinylidene fluoride film) is composited for three layers; Nexine adopts polyvinylidene fluoride with outer, because F~C key bond energy is high, ageing-resistant performance is fabulous.Once tried out pure PET backboard in early days, but since the backwardness of PET synthetic technology at that time fail.Transfer the civil time photovoltaic cell backplane in recent years to and still just prolong to hold and used TPT, typical brand is the TPT (polyvinylidene fluoride is that E.I.Du Pont Company is synthetic) of Austrian Isovolta company.
TPT most critical material is the preparation of polyvinylidene fluoride resin, the synthetic contaminated environment that is prone to of Kynoar, and apparent availability is seriously limited, and costs an arm and a leg, existing du pont company decrement production.Therefore second generation polyvinylidene fluoride film adopts solvent method production; With solvent coated on other film substrate; Evaporating solvent again; In the jaundice of dry run dorsulum color and luster, and physical and mechanical properties is poor, resembles enterprises such as Austrian Isovolta, German Krempel, Korea S SFC, Italian Coveme, Japanese Toppan so all because of adopting Du Pont's polyvinylidene fluoride to face the problem of supply of material difficulty.
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company releases and is formed by tetrafluoroethene, hexafluoroethylene and vinylidene chloride ternary polymerization; Fluorine content is high, and weatherability is high, but film is too soft; Physical and mechanical properties is relatively poor; Relative cost is very high, and import is arrived the fluororesin cost of China up to 60~900,000 yuan/ton, has limited applying of photovoltaic cell.
Because polyvinyl fluoride costs an arm and a leg and is difficult to processing; People just begin exploration and substitute with the ageing-resistant polyester of cheap and good-quality modification; Photovoltaic cell transfers the civilian time that only has several years in a large number to; Patent about this respect public reported and invention mainly concentrates on Japanese enterprises in recent years, such as Japan publication (JP2006310461) report is arranged, and the ultra-violet absorber of adding 4% and the lubricant of 500ppm develop in polyester film.Whole polyester photovoltaic cell backplane product by Japanese Toray and Toyal two companies appearred on China market in 2007; Through forced aging test and polyvinylidene fluoride contrast; The strength retrogression is obvious, and domestic have some low profile photovoltaic enterprises when can't buy the TPT backboard, to substitute use.
The photovoltaic cell backplane long term exposure mainly is under the environment of temperature≤60 ℃, humidity≤100% out of doors, because backboard is below cell panel, so a little less than the ultraviolet ray of the sunshine irradiation relatively.Though polyester itself has good structural stability, normal polyester generally out of doors service life can reach 5~10 years, far can not satisfy the needs of photovoltaic cell.Because solar-energy photo-voltaic cell guarantees as the polyester material of its backboard, very high ageing-resistant performance must be arranged more than 25 years outdoor service life.Therefore, study environment polyester mechanism of degradation out of doors, add effective age resister, be the key factor as the photovoltaic cell backplane material the outdoor service life of improving polyester film to greatest extent.
At present people study the ageing resistace that method that outdoor polyester mainly adds ultra-violet absorber, anti-oxidant and heat stabilizer improves polyester, and this way has been ignored the effect of outdoor polyester hydrolysis.The active end carboxyl at polyester macromolecule two ends very easily causes the polyester hydrolysis.Greatly reduce the ageing-resistant performance of polyester film like this.
(3) summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned deficiency, a kind of preparation method that can the active end carboxyl at polyester macromolecule two ends be become the polyester film that is used for photovoltaic cell backplane of stablizing group is provided.
The objective of the invention is to realize like this: a kind of preparation method who is used for the polyester film of photovoltaic cell backplane, said method comprises following technical process:
Step 1, synthesizing polyester section
At first terephthalic acid (TPA), ethylene glycol and catalyst acetic acid antimony are added agitated reactor by a certain percentage; Temperature rises to 265 ℃ ± 5 ℃, carries out esterification, and allocate heat stabilizer triethyl phosphate and antioxidant 1010 spent glycol this moment; Esterification yield in esterification reaches at 90%~95% o'clock; The triethyl phosphate and the antioxidant 1010 that add the spent glycol allotment, under 25 ± 2Pa pressure, 280~290 ℃ of reactions discharging in 3~5 hours; Obtain viscosity and be 0.68~0.72, fusing point is at 258~260 ℃ polyester slice, the weight portion that feeds intake of wherein said each raw material is:
86~88 parts of terephthalic acid (TPA)s
31~33 parts of ethylene glycol
0.03~0.06 part of antimony acetate
0.05~0.10 part of triethyl phosphate
0.05~0.10 part of antioxidant 1010
Step 2, preparation master batch
The polyester slice that step 1 is synthetic is pulverized with pulverizer; And in vacuum drum 80 ± 10 ℃ of dryings 3 ± 0.5 hours; After adding polycarbodiimide, ultra-violet absorber MV~3638, triethyl phosphate and antioxidant 1010 mixing; Through the double screw extruder extruding pelletization, the weight portion that feeds intake of said each raw material is:
85~98 parts of polyester slices
1~15 part of polycarbodiimide
Ultra-violet absorber MV~3,638 1~5 part
0.1~0.5 part of triethyl phosphate
0.1~0.5 part of antioxidant 1010.
Double screw extruder respectively distinguish temperature such as table 1:
Table 1 double screw extruder is respectively distinguished the temperature setting
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000016656500011
3.5 ± 1 minutes time of staying in twin-screw of material.
Film is processed in step 3, biaxial tension
All by weight, 10~30 parts of the master batches of 62~89 parts of polyester slices that step 1 is synthetic, step 2 preparation with contain SiO 2After the ratio that the PET polyester slice of 3000 ± 100ppm is 1~8 part placed the double screw extruder blend together, 160~180 ℃ of dryings 10~60 minutes were placed on the double screw extruder melting and extrude, and got into casting sheet machine casting sheet, carried out biaxial tension again and processed film.Wherein the double screw extruder double screw extruder respectively to distinguish temperature I district temperature be 150~180 ℃; All the other respectively distinguish temperature: 250~280 ℃; Die head temperature is 265~290 ℃, and the longitudinal stretching ratio: 2~5 times, cross directional stretch is than 2~5 times; 120~180 meters/minute of foil production speed obtain the biaxially oriented polyester film of 100~200 μ m.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The performance of investigating as the backboard of photovoltaic cell mainly is ageing-resistant performance (thickness of electrical insulation properties and the main film of withstand voltage properties guarantees).Carry out high temperature, high humidity forced aging test (forced aging was similar to outdoor 10 years in 24 hours) under 120 ℃, 2 atmospheric pressure.Get the polyester film (sample 1) of product 150 μ m of the present invention, the polyester film of common 150 μ m (sample 2), polyvinylidene difluoride film Tedlar 50 μ m (sample 3) whenever took out a sample at a distance from 10 hours, carried out the hot strength contrast.
Each sample longitudinal tensile strength (MPa) contrast under the table 2 forced aging condition
Figure G2009101849857D00051
Compared with present technology, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) polyester film of using as photovoltaic back is in wind out of doors for a long time, drenches with rain, in the environment of Exposure to Sunlight, is prone to take place degradation reaction such as thermal degradation, thermal oxidative degradation, hydrolysis and wears out.Because backboard is in the relative low temperature environment, aging mainly is to produce because of hydrolysis.The present invention is through adding heat stabilizer, anti-oxidant, ultra-violet absorber, and comprehensive means such as hydrolysis-resisting agent are realized anti-aging.The main cause of polyester hydrolysis is the end carboxyl of the not polymerization reaction take place at macromolecular chain two ends particularly, and the molecular chain degradation chain rupture produces more end carboxyl, again aggravation degraded conversely.Distinguishing feature of the present invention is on the basis that prevents the polyester thermal degradation, and emphasis adds polycarbodiimide again, can active end carboxyl be neutralized into to stablize the group urea, thereby aging speed is stopped or slow down.The invention sample of gained was hot and humid forced aging 100 hours, and strength retention is still more than 70%, and the normal polyester film under the equal conditions, the embrittlement of degrading fully.
(2) hot and humid forced aging is 100 hours, can guarantee the requirement outdoor safe in utilization of photovoltaic cell fully.Product of the present invention was through 100 hours hot and humid forced aging, and intensity remains on 120MPa, still greater than the intensity of polyvinylidene fluoride film, can find out that from test the polyvinylidene fluoride film has very good ageing-resistant performance.
(4) specific embodiment
Below with specific embodiment the present invention is further specified, described embodiment is grasped by those skilled in the art and checking easily.Through embodiment the present invention being made an explanation, is not that restriction is made in invention.
Terephthalic acid (TPA) (PTA), ethylene glycol (EG), triethyl phosphate (TEP), antimony acetate and antioxidant 1010, five kinds of concrete prescriptions as follows of material:
Table 3 PET synthon proportioning
Figure G2009101849857D00061
On polyester batchwise polymerization device; At first terephthalic acid (TPA) (PTA), ethylene glycol (EG) and antimony acetate are added agitated reactor by above-mentioned prescription; Temperature rises to 265 ℃ and carries out esterification; Allocate triethyl phosphate (TEP) and antioxidant 1010 spent glycol (EG) this moment, reaches at 95% o'clock at esterification yield, adds the triethyl phosphate and the antioxidant 1010 of spent glycol allotment.Under 25Pa pressure, 282 ℃ of reactions discharging in 275 minutes obtains viscosity and is 0.698 PET section.Present embodiment is processed 3 stills altogether, obtains 6.9 tons of sections.
Table 4 master batch preparation prescription
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000016656500021
Get above-mentioned synthetic section 700kg is pulverized with pulverizer, dry back is pressed table 4 proportioning and is mixed the back through the double screw extruder extruding pelletization, and the temperature of respectively distinguishing of double screw extruder is respectively: 73 ℃ of I district temperature; 134 ℃ of II district temperature, 213 ℃ of III district temperature, 211 ℃ of IV district temperature; 205 ℃ of V district temperature; 3.5 minutes time of staying in twin-screw of 208 ℃ of head temperatures, material, make the 797kg master batch altogether.
All by weight, contain SiO 2After 4 parts of the PET of the 3000ppm sections, 74 parts of synthetic polyester slices of step 1 and the 22 parts of blend of master batch that prepare, 170 ℃ of dryings 30 minutes.The screw extruder double screw extruder respectively to distinguish temperature I district temperature be 175 ℃, all the other respectively distinguish temperature is 275 ℃, die head temperature is 278 ℃.The longitudinal stretching ratio: 3.05 times, cross directional stretch is than 3.66 times.130 meters/minute of foil production speed, the biaxial tension that obtains 150 μ m gathers the film polyester film, can make product of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. preparation method who is used for the polyester film of photovoltaic cell backplane is characterized in that said method comprises following technical process:
Step 1, synthesizing polyester section
At first terephthalic acid (TPA), ethylene glycol and catalyst acetic acid antimony are added agitated reactor by a certain percentage; Temperature rises to 265 ℃ ± 5 ℃, carries out esterification, and allocate heat stabilizer triethyl phosphate and antioxidant 1010 spent glycol this moment; Esterification yield in esterification reaches at 90%~95% o'clock; The triethyl phosphate and the antioxidant 1010 that add the spent glycol allotment, under 25 ± 2Pa pressure, 280~290 ℃ of reactions discharging in 3~5 hours; Obtain viscosity and be 0.68~0.72, fusing point is at 258~260 ℃ polyester slice, the weight portion that feeds intake of wherein said each raw material is:
Figure FSB00000671962600011
Step 2, preparation master batch
The polyester slice that step 1 is synthetic is pulverized with pulverizer; And in vacuum drum 80 ± 10 ℃ of dryings 3 ± 0.5 hours; After adding polycarbodiimide, ultra-violet absorber MV~3638, triethyl phosphate and antioxidant 1010 mixing; Through the double screw extruder extruding pelletization, the weight portion that feeds intake of said each raw material is:
Double screw extruder respectively to distinguish temperature following:
I district temperature/℃ II district temperature/℃ III district temperature/℃ IV district temperature/℃ V district temperature/℃ head/℃
70~120130~200200~250200~250200~250200~250
3.5 ± 1 minutes time of staying in twin-screw of material;
Film is processed in step 3, biaxial tension
All by weight, 10~30 parts of the master batches of 62~89 parts of polyester slices that step 1 is synthetic, step 2 preparation with contain SiO 2After the ratio that the PET polyester slice of 3000 ± 100ppm is 1~8 part placed the double screw extruder blend together, 160~180 ℃ of dryings 10~60 minutes were placed on the double screw extruder melting and extrude; Get into casting sheet machine casting sheet, carry out biaxial tension again and process film, wherein double screw extruder respectively to distinguish temperature I district temperature be 150~180 ℃; All the other respectively distinguish temperature: 250~280 ℃; Die head temperature is 265~290 ℃, and the longitudinal stretching ratio: 2~5 times, cross directional stretch is than 2~5 times; 120~180 meters/minute of foil production speed obtain the biaxially oriented polyester film of 100~200 μ m.
CN2009101849857A 2009-10-26 2009-10-26 Method for preparing polyester film for photovoltaic cell backplane Expired - Fee Related CN101733925B (en)

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CN1717452A (en) * 2003-02-06 2006-01-04 大赛璐化学工业株式会社 Thermoplastic polyester resin composition and molded article

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