CN101731454A - Method for bulking crop straws by using solar energy - Google Patents
Method for bulking crop straws by using solar energy Download PDFInfo
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- CN101731454A CN101731454A CN200910218267A CN200910218267A CN101731454A CN 101731454 A CN101731454 A CN 101731454A CN 200910218267 A CN200910218267 A CN 200910218267A CN 200910218267 A CN200910218267 A CN 200910218267A CN 101731454 A CN101731454 A CN 101731454A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for bulking crop straws by using solar energy, which comprises the following steps: soaking the crushed crop straws in aqueous solution of ammonia and urea or aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or acetic acid, or heat soaking the crushed crop straws by using hot water which is provided by a solar water heater; and after evaporating and sterilizing the crop straws through steam, performing instant pressure relief on the crop straws to a normal pressure to ensure that high temperature water molecules in the cells of straw powder enter the normal pressure state to evaporate quickly and cell walls are also broken so as to obtain the lignin degraded and bulked straw powder. The whole process of bulking the crop straws consumes the solar energy only, and radically reduces or eliminates dependence of straw bulking production on non-renewable energy resources, namely coal and fuel gas; and the energy can be used locally, the solar energy is fully used to bulk the crop straws, better disinfection effect and lignin degraded effect are achieved, favorable conditions for a subsequent biochemical process such as fermentation are created, and the quality of fermented products is guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of processing method of agricultural crop straw, relate in particular to solar energy and agricultural crop straw is carried out the expanded processing method of lignin, belong to the crops processing technology field as heat energy.
Background technology
China is an agriculture country, all will produce a large amount of stalks every year in vast rural area, owing to lack fuel such as coal, combustion gas, technical grade steam can not be provided, stalk is carried out high-temperature sterilization, lignin in the stalk is degraded, thereby has had in the utilization of stalk is handled, to abandon the important processing links such as degraded of high-temperature sterilization, lignin, directly caused following problem thus:
1, owing to lack the high-temperature sterilization means, non-sterile is just directly fermented after the crushed stalk, is easy to produce during the fermentation rotten, causes damage.
2, closely wrapped up by lignin owing to containing the cellulose and the hemicellulose that enrich glycoconjugate, therefore, handle with regard to direct fermentation, cause biochemical treatment fully not carry out, thereby can not obtain the biomass material of higher-value without lignin degradation.
Show according to related data: the expanded one ton of agricultural crop straw of every processing will consume 300 kilograms of standard coals, the cost that utilizes of stalk is increased greatly, caused great pollution simultaneously, serious restriction agricultural crop straw increment utilize development towards raw material of industry aspect.
In addition, can only commit agricultural crop straw to the flames in most of areas, not only contaminated environment but also cause the great wasting of resources.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, a kind of method of utilizing the solar energy bulking crop straws is provided.To obtain preferably making the agricultural crop straw raw material of lignin degradation simultaneously through disinfecting so that after the biochemical fermentation of postorder is handled, make it to change into nutritious, the feed that be easy to livestock and poultry digestion, absorbs.
The present invention finishes by following technical proposal: a kind of method with the solar energy bulking crop straws is characterized in that through the following step:
A, with after the agricultural crop straw impurity elimination, airing is to dry, pulverize afterwards powder of straw;
B, press 40～50% mass ratio of stalk total amount, add temperature and be 20～30 ℃ ammoniacal liquor and aqueous solution of urea in above-mentioned powder of straw, soaked 20～30 hours, wherein, the nitrogenous ratio of ammoniacal liquor and aqueous solution of urea is 0.3～3% mass ratio;
Perhaps
Press 40～50% quality of stalk total amount, adding temperature and be 15～25 ℃, concentration in above-mentioned powder of straw is the aqueous sulfuric acid of 1～4% mass ratio, soaks 20～30 hours;
In C, the powder of straw after immersion, feeding steam to pressure is 0.4～1.0MPa, and temperature is 135～180 ℃, retort sterilization 10～30 minutes;
D, will be through the instantaneous release of pressure of powder of straw of C step boiling to normal pressure, very fast vaporization causes cell wall rupture entering suddenly under the atmospheric pressure state to make the intracellular high-temperature water molecule of powder of straw, thus lignin degradation, expanded powder of straw.
The crushed stalk of described A step is finished on conventional disintegrating apparatus, and the fineness of its pulverizing is looked the production requirement of postorder product and specifically determined.
The temperature of powder of straw soaking solution is 20～30 ℃ in the described B step, is 15～25 ℃ perhaps, is to allocate with the hot water that conventional solar water heater produces.
Aqueous sulfuric acid in the described B step soaks, and can use aqueous hydrochloric acid solution instead and soak, or the aqueous acetic acid immersion, with the lignin in the softening stalk.
The steam of described C step is that the solar steam generator by routine provides.
The control of the pressure of described C step, except that the steam that provides with solar steam generator was controlled, also the compression hot gas that provides of the hot gas pressure compensator of available routine carried out replenishment control.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage and effect: adopt such scheme; the hot water that both can utilize solar water heater to provide carries out heat soaking to the stalk material; thereby reduced consumption of heat energy; the high temperature pressure steam that can utilize the solar steam stove to produce simultaneously again; the stalk material is carried out retort sterilization; when realizing high-temperature sterilization; effectively reduce thermal energy consumption; whole agricultural crop straw is carried out in the expanding treatment process; except that solar thermal energy; no longer consume other heat energy; can fundamentally reduce or eliminate the expanded production of stalk to non-renewable energy resources---coal; the dependence of combustion gas; both can make " non-renewable energy resources " not by exhaustive exploitation; can get on the spot again can; make full use of solar energy agricultural crop straw is carried out expanding treatment; obtain Disinfection Effect preferably and to the degradation effect of lignin; for good condition has been created in the biochemical treatments such as fermentation of postorder; guarantee the fermented product quality; thereby improved the feed value of agricultural crop straw; reduce feed cost, also properly settled the contradiction that people and animals strive grain, protected environment; improved the rural culture and already taken in, the raw material of industry that has also improved stalk in addition is worth.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process chart of the present invention;
The solar steam generator structural representation that Fig. 2 uses for the present invention;
The boiling puffing apparatus structural representation that Fig. 3 uses for the present invention;
The hot gas pressure compensator structural representation that Fig. 4 uses for the present invention.
Among Fig. 2,1 is conventional solar thermal collector, 2 is the separator of steam and water, 3 is steam pipe, 4 is water supply tank, 5 is water inlet pipe, 6 for connecting the feed pipe of water supply tank 4 and solar thermal collector 1, cold water is after water inlet pipe 5 enters water supply tank 4, enter in it from solar thermal collector 1 bottom through feed pipe 6, absorption solar energy enters in the separator 2 from the top of solar thermal collector 1 after being heated to and producing steam again, separated steam is sent in the boiling puffing apparatus 7 through steam pipe 3, so that the powder of straw in it is carried out moise-heat sterilization.
Among Fig. 3,7 are the boiling puffing apparatus, and 8 is charging aperture, and 9 is heat-insulation layer, 10 is the steam inlet, is communicated with steam pipe 3 on the solar thermal collector 1, and 11 is pipe in the steam, and 12 is relief valve, 13 is discharging opening, and 21 for compression hot gas inlet, replenishes hot gas and supercharging by 21 in the boiling puffing apparatus.
Among Fig. 4,14 is air compressor, 15 is compressed air hose, and 16 is the steam inlet, is communicated with steam pipe 3 on the solar thermal collector 1,17 for placing the steam pipe in the vapor heat exchanger 18,18 is vapor heat exchanger, and 19 is condensed water discharge outlet, and 20 are the compression hot gas after the heat absorption, be communicated with the compression hot gas inlet 21 of boiling puffing apparatus 7, so that in boiling puffing apparatus 7, replenish hot gas and supercharging.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described further.
A, with after the agricultural crop straw impurity elimination, airing is to dry, afterwards with conventional pulverizer of the prior art pulverize powder of straw;
B, powder of straw is sent in the conventional soaking container of the prior art, and press 40% mass ratio of stalk total amount, the adding temperature is 20 ℃ ammoniacal liquor and an aqueous solution of urea in powder of straw, this aqueous solution with conventional solar heat of the prior art not the device heated hot water allocate, soaked 30 hours, wherein, the nitrogenous ratio of ammoniacal liquor and aqueous solution of urea is 0.3% mass ratio;
C, the powder of straw after will soaking through the B step be sent in the boiling puffing apparatus, and feeding steam to the pressure that produces with solar steam generator is 0.4MPa, and temperature is 135 ℃, retort sterilization 30 minutes;
The relief valve of D, unlatching boiling puffing apparatus bottom, the instantaneous release of pressure of powder of straw that makes the boiling of process C step is to normal pressure, the intracellular high-temperature water molecule of powder of straw is entering suddenly under the atmospheric pressure state and very fast vaporization, cause cell wall rupture, thereby lignin degradation, expanded powder of straw, after PROCESS FOR TREATMENT such as the conventional fermentation of postorder, can be processed into feed.
A, with after the agricultural crop straw impurity elimination, airing is to dry, afterwards with conventional pulverizer of the prior art pulverize powder of straw;
B, powder of straw is sent in the conventional soaking container of the prior art, and press 50% mass ratio of stalk total amount, the adding temperature is 30 ℃ ammoniacal liquor and an aqueous solution of urea in powder of straw, this aqueous solution with conventional solar heat of the prior art not the device heated hot water allocate, soaked 20 hours, wherein, the nitrogenous ratio of ammoniacal liquor and aqueous solution of urea is 3% mass ratio;
C, the powder of straw after will soaking through the B step be sent in the boiling puffing apparatus, feed the steam that produces with solar steam generator and be 1MPa with compression hot gas to the pressure of hot gas pressure compensator generation, and temperature is 180 ℃, retort sterilization 10 minutes;
The relief valve of D, unlatching boiling puffing apparatus bottom, the instantaneous release of pressure of powder of straw that makes the boiling of process C step is to normal pressure, the intracellular high-temperature water molecule of powder of straw is entering suddenly under the atmospheric pressure state and very fast vaporization, cause cell wall rupture, thereby lignin degradation, expanded powder of straw, after PROCESS FOR TREATMENT such as the conventional fermentation of postorder, can be processed into feed.
A, with after the agricultural crop straw impurity elimination, airing is to dry, afterwards with conventional pulverizer of the prior art pulverize powder of straw;
B, powder of straw is sent into conventional immersion the of the prior art hold, press 45% quality of stalk total amount, adding temperature and be 15 ℃, concentration in above-mentioned powder of straw is the aqueous sulfuric acid of 1% mass ratio, this aqueous solution is allocated with conventional solar heat device heated hot water of the prior art, soaks 30 hours;
C, the powder of straw after will soaking through the B step be sent in the boiling puffing apparatus, the steam that feeding produces with solar steam generator, simultaneously the compression hot gas that the hot gas pressure compensator is produced mend into wherein to pressure be 0.8MPa, temperature is 150 ℃, retort sterilization 20 minutes;
The relief valve of D, unlatching boiling puffing apparatus bottom, will be through the instantaneous release of pressure of powder of straw of C step boiling to normal pressure, the intracellular high-temperature water molecule of powder of straw is being entered suddenly under the atmospheric pressure state and very fast vaporization, cause cell wall rupture, thereby lignin degradation, expanded powder of straw, to use it for anything else.
Embodiment 4
A, with after the agricultural crop straw impurity elimination, airing is to dry, afterwards with conventional pulverizer of the prior art pulverize powder of straw;
B, powder of straw is sent into conventional immersion the of the prior art hold, press 42% quality of stalk total amount, adding temperature and be 25 ℃, concentration in above-mentioned powder of straw is the aqueous hydrochloric acid solution of 4% mass ratio, this aqueous solution is allocated with conventional solar heat device heated hot water of the prior art, soaks 25 hours;
C, the powder of straw after will soaking through the B step be sent in the boiling puffing apparatus, and feeding steam to the pressure that produces with solar steam generator is 0.6MPa, and temperature is 160 ℃, retort sterilization 25 minutes;
The relief valve of D, unlatching boiling puffing apparatus bottom, will be through the instantaneous release of pressure of powder of straw of C step boiling to normal pressure, the intracellular high-temperature water molecule of powder of straw is being entered suddenly under the atmospheric pressure state and very fast vaporization, cause cell wall rupture, thereby lignin degradation, expanded powder of straw, to use it for anything else.
Claims (6)
1. method with the solar energy bulking crop straws is characterized in that through the following step:
A, with after the agricultural crop straw impurity elimination, airing is to dry, pulverize afterwards powder of straw;
B, press 40～50% mass ratio of stalk total amount, add temperature and be 20～30 ℃ ammoniacal liquor and aqueous solution of urea in above-mentioned powder of straw, soaked 20～30 hours, wherein, the nitrogenous ratio of ammoniacal liquor and aqueous solution of urea is 0.3～3% mass ratio;
Perhaps
Press 40～50% quality of stalk total amount, adding temperature and be 15～25 ℃, concentration in above-mentioned powder of straw is the aqueous sulfuric acid of 1～4% mass ratio, soaks 20～30 hours;
In C, the powder of straw after immersion, feeding steam to pressure is 0.4～1.0MPa, and temperature is 135～180 ℃, retort sterilization 10～30 minutes;
D, will be through the instantaneous release of pressure of powder of straw of C step boiling to normal pressure, very fast vaporization causes cell wall rupture entering suddenly under the atmospheric pressure state to make the intracellular high-temperature water molecule of powder of straw, thus lignin degradation, expanded powder of straw.
2. the method with the solar energy bulking crop straws as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the crushed stalk of described A step is finished on conventional disintegrating apparatus, the fineness of its pulverizing is looked the production requirement of postorder product and specifically determined.
3. the method with the solar energy bulking crop straws as claimed in claim 1, the temperature that it is characterized in that powder of straw soaking solution in the described B step is 20～30 ℃, being 15～25 ℃ perhaps, is to allocate with the hot water that conventional solar water heater produces.
4. the method with the solar energy bulking crop straws as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the aqueous sulfuric acid in the described B step soaks, and can use aqueous hydrochloric acid solution instead and soak, or aqueous acetic acid soaks.
5. the method with the solar energy bulking crop straws as claimed in claim 1, the steam that it is characterized in that described C step are that the solar steam generator by routine provides.
6. the method with the solar energy bulking crop straws as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the pressure control of described C step, except that the steam that provides with solar steam generator was controlled, also the compression hot gas that provides of the hot gas pressure compensator of available routine carried out replenishment control.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN200910218267A CN101731454A (en) | 2009-12-02 | 2009-12-02 | Method for bulking crop straws by using solar energy |
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| CN200910218267A CN101731454A (en) | 2009-12-02 | 2009-12-02 | Method for bulking crop straws by using solar energy |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103798512A (en) * | 2014-02-18 | 2014-05-21 | 南京农业大学 | Method for preparing crop straw feed based on composite puffing and biological processing technology |
| CN104741042A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-07-01 | 胡振强 | Solar straw reaction furnace |
| CN108887716A (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2018-11-27 | 安徽康桥农业开发有限公司 | A kind of stalk autoclaving device and its treatment process |
| CN110973672A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-10 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | Automatic oil tea fruit curing processing equipment |
| CN113969512A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-01-25 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | All-straw paper-making pulp and preparation method and application thereof |
-
2009
- 2009-12-02 CN CN200910218267A patent/CN101731454A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103798512A (en) * | 2014-02-18 | 2014-05-21 | 南京农业大学 | Method for preparing crop straw feed based on composite puffing and biological processing technology |
| CN104741042A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-07-01 | 胡振强 | Solar straw reaction furnace |
| CN108887716A (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2018-11-27 | 安徽康桥农业开发有限公司 | A kind of stalk autoclaving device and its treatment process |
| CN110973672A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-10 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | Automatic oil tea fruit curing processing equipment |
| CN113969512A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-01-25 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | All-straw paper-making pulp and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113969512B (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2024-01-26 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Full straw papermaking pulp and preparation method and application thereof |
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Owner name: SUZHOU KELIN TIANJI NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD Free format text: FORMER OWNER: CHEN LIHUA Effective date: 20120618 |
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Effective date of registration: 20120618 Address after: 215222 Wujiang City, Jiangsu Province eight song split community Applicant after: Suzhou Kelin Tianji New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 650000 No. 1, unit 3, 75 South news Road, Wuhua District, Yunnan, Kunming, 7 Applicant before: Chen Lihua |
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Application publication date: 20100616 |