CN103361382A - Pretreatment method for quality-guaranteeing storage of crop straw - Google Patents
Pretreatment method for quality-guaranteeing storage of crop straw Download PDFInfo
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- CN103361382A CN103361382A CN2013102938106A CN201310293810A CN103361382A CN 103361382 A CN103361382 A CN 103361382A CN 2013102938106 A CN2013102938106 A CN 2013102938106A CN 201310293810 A CN201310293810 A CN 201310293810A CN 103361382 A CN103361382 A CN 103361382A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pretreatment method for quality-guaranteeing storage of crop straw, which comprises the following steps of: in a period for fruit harvesting, crushing straw to a length below 10mm when harvesting fruits or within 24 hours after fruit harvesting, and heating, wherein the heating temperature is 55-80 DEG C, and the heating time is 2-10 minutes; and within 24 hours, reducing the water content in the straw to below 11% by weight. A pH regulator can be added to the crushed straw, and after stirring, the pH of the straw can be reduced to 3.8-4.2; the straw can be heated by microwaves; or the steam generated by heating one batch of straw is used for heating another batch of straw; or the heat of the heated straw is used for heating the next batch of straw. After the quality-guaranteeing storage and treatment on straw, the accessibility of celluloses in straw is improved so that the celluloses are utilized more easily by microorganisms; and moreover, the nutritional value is obviously increased, the cost is reduced, and the straw utilization rate is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the pretreatment process that a kind of agricultural crop straw is guaranteed the quality and stored, the utilization ratio during with raising subsequent production biogas belongs to agricultural solid residue and processes and the resource utilization field.
Background technology
Agricultural crop straw is the abundantest biomass resource, it is renewable energy source, but the utilization to stalk is also unreasonable at present, except a part is done in feed, papermaking or directly burns to be used for peasant household's cooking, all the other are discarded in field or on-site incineration mostly, not only cause the waste of resource, also atmospheric environment is caused severe contamination.Utilizing stalk to produce biogas is that the energy shortage problem is alleviated in the stalk resource utilization, and avoids stalk directly to burn and cause the in a large number effective way of waste of environmental pollution and energy.Yet the stalk complex structure, content of lignin is high, is difficult under normal operation efficiently be utilized by microorganism.Utilizing at present stalk to produce biogas is directly it to be carried out anaerobically fermenting, exists the shortcomings such as treatment time anaerobic fermentation methane conversion long and stalk is low.Therefore, stalk being carried out suitable pre-treatment, is the key that straw biogas utilizes to improve its utilization ratio.
Lignification can occur in stalk in the process of natural air drying, and content of lignin is high in the composition of dry straw, lignin structure is stable, stop microorganism to cellulosic effect, as its dissolving then can be expended very large energy, caused running cost to increase substantially.Research is found, just the nutritive ingredient such as sugar will be much higher than stalk after air-dry in the blue or green stalk of results, if but do not preserved, these solubility organic constituents will be converted into xylogen by microbial consumption or the physiological action by plant, cause the subsequent disposal difficulty.Yet the harvesting time of stalk is shorter, wants to keep sugar wherein and stops it to organize lignifying, usually adopts the method for ensiling in field of fodder, to reach the purpose of guaranteeing the quality.But common ensiling is difficult to again adapt to the large-scale harvesting of concentrating.Therefore, explore that to be suitable for the large-scale follow-up stalk method that stores of guaranteeing the quality be the another key issue that the stalk high-efficiency fermenting produces biogas.
The present invention carries out a series of compactnesses and timely pre-treatment by the stalk to the fruit harvest phase, guaranteed that the nutritive ingredients such as sugar in the blue or green stalk are not utilized or be converted into xylogen by microorganism, reduce the cost of subsequent disposal, and greatly improved the utilization ratio of stalk resource.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of stalk that at utmost guarantees the nutritive ingredient such as sugar in the blue or green stalk of farm crop storing technology of guaranteeing the quality, compare with other technologies and have short, advantages such as utilization ratio is high, effect stability for the treatment of time.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize:
The pretreatment process that a kind of agricultural crop straw is guaranteed the quality and stored is by fruit harvest requirement period, when gathering in the crops fruit, or within after the fruit harvest 24 hours, stalk is crushed to below the length 10mm, heats, the moisture that reaches stalk drops to weight fraction below 11%.
Described heating is that be 2～10 minutes heat-up time in 55 ℃～80 ℃ heating of temperature.
The present invention can will add pH adjusting agent on the stalk after the fragmentation, after the stirring, makes stalk pH can drop to 3.8～4.2, and the effect deactivation of conditioning agent is harmful microorganism wherein.
Described conditioning agent is the mixture of acid, alkali, organic solvent or oxygenant or described these materials.
Described acid regulator mainly comprises formic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, organic acid or two or more the nitration mixture in the middle of them.
Described alkali conditioning agent, sodium hydroxide commonly used, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and ammoniacal liquor.
Described oxygenant conditioning agent comprises hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite or ozone.
Described organic solvent is ethanol.
Described type of heating is to adopt microwave.
The a collection of stalk gained steam of heating is used for the rear a collection of stalk of heating in the heat-processed, or the heat of the stalk after being heated itself is used for heating next batch stalk.
Be described as follows:
The pretreatment process that described agricultural crop straw is guaranteed the quality and stored by fruit harvest requirement period, when gathering in the crops fruit, or within after the fruit harvest 24 hours, is crushed to stalk below the length 10mm, and heats.Broken within results 24 hours of fruit like this and heat, guaranteed that microorganism in the environment does not also begin to utilize the nutritive substances such as sugar in the stalk, and the contained enzyme of stalk self does not yet make the stalk lignifying in 24 hours, has farthest kept the nutritive substance in the stalk.As pretreated first operation stalk is crushed to below the 10mm, so that processing such as follow-up heating.
The described heat treated that the stalk of fragmentation is carried out, heat-processed be temperature at 55 ℃～80 ℃, be 2～10 minutes action time.Like this control Heating temperature and action time, the moisture in the stalk is fully evaporated, to guarantee enzyme high temperature lack of water inactivation, prevented the lignifying of stalk, guaranteed that simultaneously nutritive ingredient is difficult for by microbial consumption.
Described stalk to fragmentation carries out heat treated, it is characterized in that within 24 hours, makes the moisture of institute's heating straw drop to weight fraction below 11%.Quick like this and in time moisture is down to below 11%, then enzyme is because of the lack of water inactivation, thereby avoid the stalk lignifying, the microorganism in the environment also can not utilize the nutritive substances such as its sugar very little because of the stalk contained humidity simultaneously, has farthest kept the nutritive substance in the stalk.
The pretreatment process that described agricultural crop straw is guaranteed the quality and stored adds conditioning agent to stalk, and the effect of conditioning agent makes stalk pH can drop to 3.8～4.2, and deactivation is harmful microorganism wherein.
Can cause that generally the reagent that stalk pH descends is all effective, reagent commonly used has acid treatment reagent, mainly comprises formic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, organic acid or two or more the nitration mixture in the middle of them; Alkali reagent, sodium hydroxide commonly used, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and ammoniacal liquor; Organic solvent such as ethanol; Strong oxidizer comprises hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite, ozone etc.; But microorganism utilizes the factors such as difficulty or ease of stalk when considering in actual applications effect, cost and subsequent disposal, preferable formic acid, acetic acid and nitric acid, or wherein two kinds and above nitration mixture, and hydrogen peroxide, the maintenance of nutritive substance in the stalk and follow-up microorganism are efficiently utilized better effects if to stalk.
The adding of additive can further improve the effect of heating, avoids microorganism in the environment to utilize sugar in the blue or green stalk, improves the nutritive value of raw material, and can suppress the physiological action of plant, prevents that degree of lignification from being strengthened.
Described stalk to fragmentation carries out heat treated, and its type of heating is to adopt microwave.Relative other type of heating, microwave heating speed is fast, and efficient is high, and easily controls the homoiothermy of heating and the moisture content of final stalk.
The pretreatment process that described agricultural crop straw is guaranteed the quality and stored, a collection of stalk gained steam of heating is used for another batch of heating stalk in its heat-processed, or the heat of the stalk after being heated itself is used for heating next batch stalk.Energy cycle is used the consumption that has not only reduced energy source and power like this, also is beneficial to environment protection.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention is by requiring the phase in fruit harvest, gather in the crops in time fast blue or green stalk, and broken and heating within 24 hours, make stalk rapid drying reach enzyme deactivation or activity inhibited in the stalk, prevented the lignifying of stalk, guaranteed that simultaneously nutritive ingredient is difficult for by microbial consumption.Add chemical additive and adopt microwave drying can reach more efficiently the purpose that stalk is guaranteed the quality and stored and process.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with regard to specific embodiment for the below:
Embodiment 1:
The blue or green stalk of fruit harvest phase is carried out break process to 5mm while gathering in, use microwave heating, at 55 ℃ of lower drying treatment 10min.Store afterwards.
Embodiment 2:
The blue or green stalk of results 24h is crushed to 5mm, then is that 2% salpeter solution evenly is sprayed onto on the broken stalk and constantly stirring with mass concentration, and the whole pH of stalk is dropped in 3.8～4.2 scopes, soaks 30 minutes.Use afterwards microwave heating, and at 60 ℃ of lower drying treatment 5min, its moisture content is dropped to weight fraction 11%.Store afterwards.
Embodiment 3:
The blue or green stalk of results 12h is crushed to 10mm, uses Hot-blast Heating, at 80 ℃ of lower drying treatment 2min, make its moisture content drop to weight fraction 10%, the steam of generation and hot blast enter the drying of next group stalk again.Next group stalk is the blue or green stalk that is crushed to 8mm, evenly sprays into mass concentration and is the salpeter solution of 10% acetic acid and 5% and constantly stir, and the whole pH of stalk is dropped in 3.8～4.2 scopes, utilizes first group hot gas heating 1 hour.Stalk after will processing afterwards stores.
Embodiment 4:
The blue or green stalk of results 12h is crushed to 3mm, then is that 2% hydrogen peroxide evenly is sprayed onto on the broken stalk and constantly stirring with mass concentration, treats that the whole pH of stalk drops in 3.8～4.2 scopes, soaks 60 minutes.Afterwards microwave heating, and at 70 ℃ of lower drying treatment 5min.Store afterwards.
Embodiment 5:
The blue or green stalk of just having gathered in the crops is crushed to 8mm, then is that the acetic acid of 10% formic acid and 10% evenly is sprayed onto on the broken stalk and constantly and stirs with mass concentration, treats that the whole pH of stalk drops in 3.8～4.2 scopes, soaks 30 minutes.Use afterwards microwave heating, at 80 ℃ of lower drying treatment 2min, make its moisture content drop to weight fraction 10%.Store afterwards.
Embodiment 6:
The blue or green stalk of results 3h is crushed to 3mm, then is that 10% ammonia soln evenly is sprayed onto on the broken stalk and constantly stirs with mass concentration, and the whole pH of stalk is dropped in 3.8～4.2 scopes, soaks 30 minutes.Afterwards microwave heating, and at 70 ℃ of lower drying treatment 5min.Store afterwards.
Embodiment 7:
The blue or green stalk of just having gathered in the crops is crushed to 5mm, then is that the acetic acid of 6% ethanol and 2% evenly is sprayed onto on the broken stalk and constantly and stirs with mass concentration, treats that the whole pH of stalk drops in 3.8～4.2 scopes, soaks 60 minutes.Use afterwards microwave heating, at 80 ℃ of lower drying treatment 2min.Store afterwards.
Through the various embodiments described above, draw stalk and store pretreated beneficial effect through guaranteeing the quality.Stalk is through the storage pre-treatment of guaranteeing the quality of the present invention, compare with the natural air drying stalk, content of lignin in the stalk has reduced by 29.4%～43.7%, crystallinity index has reduced by 4.4～21.0%, changed the structure of natural wooden fiber's element, destroyed xylogen, hemicellulose to cellulosic parcel, improved cellulosic accessibility, made Mierocrystalline cellulose be easier to be utilized by microorganism.In addition, total reducing sugar yield maximum value is peaked 2.4 times of natural air drying stalk, has reduced the follow-up rate of loss of utilizing matrix of stalk, and nutritive value is able to obvious raising.The pretreatment process that agricultural crop straw of the present invention is guaranteed the quality and stored has not only reduced the cost of subsequent disposal, and has greatly improved the utilization ratio of stalk resource.
Claims (10)
1. the agricultural crop straw pretreatment process of guaranteeing the quality and storing is characterized in that: by fruit harvest requirement period, when gathering in the crops fruit, or within after the fruit harvest 24 hours, stalk is crushed to below the length 10mm, heats, the moisture that reaches stalk drops to weight fraction below 11%.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that 55 ℃～80 ℃ heating of described Heating temperature, and be 2～10 minutes heat-up time.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that and will add pH adjusting agent on the stalk after the fragmentation, after the stirring, makes stalk pH can drop to 3.8～4.2.
4. method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that described conditioning agent is the mixture of acid, alkali, organic solvent or oxygenant or described these materials.
5. method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that described acid regulator, mainly comprises formic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, organic acid or two or more the nitration mixture in the middle of them.
6. method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that described alkali conditioning agent, sodium hydroxide commonly used, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and ammoniacal liquor.
7. method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that described oxygenant conditioning agent, comprises hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite or ozone.
8. method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that described organic solvent is ethanol.
9. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that described type of heating is to adopt microwave.
10. the method for claim 1 it is characterized in that a collection of stalk gained steam of heating is used for the rear a collection of stalk of heating in the heat-processed, or the heat of the stalk after being heated itself is used for heating next batch stalk.
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| CN2013102938106A CN103361382A (en) | 2013-07-12 | 2013-07-12 | Pretreatment method for quality-guaranteeing storage of crop straw |
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| CN2013102938106A CN103361382A (en) | 2013-07-12 | 2013-07-12 | Pretreatment method for quality-guaranteeing storage of crop straw |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105838608A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-08-10 | 华中农业大学 | Method for segment pretreatment on straws through ammonia water and hydrogen peroxide |
| CN107178965A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-09-19 | 镇江虎瑞生物科技有限公司 | A kind of stalk material method for microwave drying |
| CN107937446A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-04-20 | 天津大学 | A kind of technique using maize straw as waste ethanol |
| CN108315359A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-07-24 | 安玉民 | The method for producing alcohol and brew using potato stalk |
| CN109096000A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2018-12-28 | 北方民族大学 | A kind of stalk processing method and system |
-
2013
- 2013-07-12 CN CN2013102938106A patent/CN103361382A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
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| 常娟: "秸秆资源预处理研究进展", 《中国农学通报》 * |
| 李红艳: "微波辅助酸预处理玉米秸秆水解条件研究", 《环境科学学报》 * |
| 肖宏儒: "茶叶微波加工技术的研究", 《农业机械学报》 * |
| 陈应泉: "农业秸秆烘焙特性及对其产物能源特性的影响", 《农业机械学报》 * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105838608A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-08-10 | 华中农业大学 | Method for segment pretreatment on straws through ammonia water and hydrogen peroxide |
| CN107178965A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-09-19 | 镇江虎瑞生物科技有限公司 | A kind of stalk material method for microwave drying |
| CN107937446A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-04-20 | 天津大学 | A kind of technique using maize straw as waste ethanol |
| CN108315359A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-07-24 | 安玉民 | The method for producing alcohol and brew using potato stalk |
| CN108315359B (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2021-07-27 | 安玉民 | Method for preparing alcohol and preparing feed by using potato straws |
| CN109096000A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2018-12-28 | 北方民族大学 | A kind of stalk processing method and system |
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Application publication date: 20131023 |