CN101730678B - 氨基酸衍生物 - Google Patents
氨基酸衍生物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101730678B CN101730678B CN200880023320.1A CN200880023320A CN101730678B CN 101730678 B CN101730678 B CN 101730678B CN 200880023320 A CN200880023320 A CN 200880023320A CN 101730678 B CN101730678 B CN 101730678B
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- Prior art keywords
- phenyl
- hydrogen
- methyl
- compound
- group
- Prior art date
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- 150000003862 amino acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 title description 2
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- -1 carboxyl ester Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000005392 carboxamide group Chemical group NC(=O)* 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000002733 (C1-C6) fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000006650 (C2-C4) alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及能够减轻多巴胺缺乏的症状的取代的苯丙氨酸衍生物。
背景技术
多巴胺是脑基底神经节神经元天然产生的物质,能实现随意运动的平滑协调控制。脑中产生多巴胺的神经元损失或受损预示帕金森病及相关帕金森加强型综合征(Pakinson-plus syndrome)。这些疾病对多巴胺替代疗法有响应。其他疾病,例如下肢不宁综合征(RLS)也对多巴胺替代疗法有响应。
帕金森病是进行性神经变性疾病,影响中脑黑质中的神经元细胞。这是一种中枢神经系统与年龄相关的疾病,主要影响60岁以上的患者。每500个人中约有1个感染该疾病,每100个60岁以上的老人中约有1个患有该疾病。如上所述,据信帕金森病是由于多巴胺缺乏所致。通常的症状包括:震颤、肌肉僵硬(或强直),运动缓慢(运动徐缓)和平衡缺失(直立功能障碍)。帕金森病是最常见的神经变性疾病之一。该疾病的病史是累进的,大多数患者在发病10-15年后变残疾。
帕金森病在性质上是大多散发的,称为特发性疾病。也存在血管偶发事件和接触毒素导致的疾病形式。也存在罕见的家族型疾病。
自从詹姆斯帕金森(James Parkinson)在1817年首次揭示该疾病以来已尝试了许多治疗方法。目前帕金森病的疗法是基于使用多巴胺前体左旋多巴(或L-多巴)或多巴胺能化合物的多巴胺替代疗法。L-多巴在逆转疾病运动症状中高度有效,但对长期治疗以及疾病进程的疗效下降。药物响应持续时间减少并出现不可预料的波动。治疗与疗法限制性的副作用有关,包括不随意运动(运动障碍)和精神病。
RLS是伴有感觉异常、睡眠紊乱以及在大多数情况下伴有睡眠周期性肢体运动(PLMS)的神经感觉运动疾病。看上去存在两种形式的RLS:特发性和尿毒性。RLS表现为(1)渴望运动腿部,通常伴有感觉异常/感觉迟钝,(2)坐立不安,(3)至少部分或暂时减少活动的安静期间(例如平躺、就坐)症状恶化或者只在安静时出现,和(4)傍晚或夜间症状恶化。
发明内容
本发明提供了减轻多巴胺缺乏的症状的活性多巴胺能化合物或化合物。
根据本发明,提供了式(I)或式(II)的取代的苯丙氨酸或其盐、水合物或溶剂合物:
式中:
R1是羧基、羧基酯或羧酰胺基;
R2是-C(=O)-NR3R4或-S(=O)2-NR3R4;
R3和R4独立地选自氢、任选取代的C1-C6烷基、(C1-C5氟代烷基)-CH2-、-Q和-CH2Q,其中Q是任选取代的3-6个环原子的单环碳环或杂环;或R3和R4与它们所连接的氮原子一起形成任选取代的3-8个环原子的单环环烷基或非芳香性杂环;
R5是氢,或通过肽键连接的天然或非天然的α氨基酸残基;
R6是氢或R7C(=O)-;和
R7是C1-C6烷基、C1-C6氟代烷基或环丙基。
具体实施方式
本文所述术语“(Ca-Cb)烷基”(其中a和b是整数)表示具有a-b个碳原子的直链或支链烷基。因此,如果a是1,b是6,则该术语包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基和正己基。
本文所述术语“(Ca-Cb)氟代烷基”(其中a和b是整数)表示其中一个或多个氢原子被氟取代的(Ca-Cb)烷基。因此,如果a是1,b是3,则该术语包括三氟甲基、二氟甲基和一氟甲基。
本文所用术语“(Ca-Cb)烯基”表示含有至少一个E或Z立体化学形式(如果适用)的双键的具有a-b个碳原子的直链或支链烯基。因此,如果a是2,b是6,则该术语包括例如乙烯基、烯丙基、1-和2-丁烯基和2-甲基-2-丙烯基。
本文所用术语“C2-C6炔基”表示含有另外一个三键的具有a-b个碳原子的直链或支链烃基。因此,如果a是2,b是6,则该术语包括例如乙炔基、1-丙炔基、1-和2-丁炔基、2-甲基-2-丙炔基、2-戊炔基、3-戊炔基、4-戊炔基、2-己炔基、3-己炔基、4-己炔基和5-己炔基。
本文所用无限制术语“碳环”表示最多具有16个环原子的单环、双环或三环基团,所有环原子均为碳,包括芳基和环烷基。
本文所用无限制术语“环烷基”表示具有3-8个碳原子的单环饱和碳环基团,包括例如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基和环辛基。
本文所用无限制术语“芳基”表示单环、双环或三环碳环芳族基团,包括两个单环碳环芳环通过共价键直接相连的基团。该基团的例子是苯基、联苯基和萘基。
本文所用无限制术语“杂芳基”表示含有一个或多个选自S、N或O的杂原子的单环、双环或三环芳族基团,包括具有两个这种单环的基团,或者一个这种单环和一个单环芳环,它们通过共价键直接相连。该基团的例子包括:噻吩基、苯并噻吩基、呋喃基、苯并呋喃基、吡咯基、咪唑基、苯并咪唑基、噻唑基、苯并噻唑基、异噻唑基、苯并异噻唑基、吡唑基、噁唑基、苯并噁唑基、异噁唑基、苯并异噁唑基、异噻唑基、三唑基、苯并三唑基、噻二唑基、噁二唑基、吡啶基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、三嗪基、吲哚基和吲唑基。
本文所用无限制术语“杂环基”或“杂环”包括上文定义的“杂芳基”,其非芳族涵义涉及含有一个或多个选自S、N或O的杂原子的单环、双环或三环非芳族基团,涉及相互间共价相连或者共价连接于单环碳环基团的由含有一个或多个这种杂原子的单环非芳族基团构成的基团。这种基团的例子包括:吡咯基、呋喃基、噻吩基、哌啶基、咪唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、噻二唑基、吡唑基、吡啶基、吡咯烷基、嘧啶基、吗啉基、哌嗪基、吲哚基、吗啉基、苯并呋喃基、吡喃基、异噁唑基、苯并咪唑基、亚甲基二氧苯基、亚乙基二氧苯基、马来酰亚氨基和琥珀酰亚氨基。
除非本文另有说明,术语“取代的”在本文适用的所有基团中表示最多被四个相容性取代基取代,每个取代基可以独立地是,例如,(C1-C6)烷基、(C2-C6)烯基、(C2-C6)炔基、(C1-C6)烷氧基、羟基、羟基(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C3)烷氧基(C1-C3)烷基、巯基、巯基(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)硫烷基、卤素(包括氟、溴和氯)、完全或部分氟化的(C1-C3)烷基、(C1-C3)烷氧基或(C1-C3)硫烷基如三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基和三氟硫甲基、硝基、腈(-CN)、氧代(=O)、苯基、苯基(C1-C3)烷基-、苯氧基、单环杂芳基、杂芳基(C1-C3)烷基-或具有5或6环原子的杂芳氧基、具有3-6个碳原子的环烷基、-COORA、-CORA、-OCORA、-SO2RA、-CONRARB、-CONHNH2、-SO2NRARB、-NRARB、-NHNH2、-OCONRARB、-NRBCORA、-NRBCOORA、-NRBSO2ORA或-NRACONRARB,其中RA和RB独立地是氢或(C1-C6)烷基、羟基(C1-C6)烷基或(C1-C3)烷氧基(C1-C3)烷基,或者在RA和RB连接相同N原子的情况下,RA和RB与该氮原子一起形成环状氨基环,例如吗啉基,哌啶基、哌嗪基或4-(C1-C6)烷基-哌嗪基如4-甲基-哌嗪基。如果取代基是苯基、苯基(C1-C3)烷基-、苯氧基或单环杂芳基、杂芳基(C1-C3)烷基-、或具有5-6个环原子的杂芳氧基,所述苯基或杂芳环本身可被任意上述除苯基、苯基(C1-C3)烷基-、苯氧基、杂芳基、杂芳基(C1-C3)烷基-、或杂芳氧基之外的取代基取代。“任选的取代基”或“取代基”可以是上文指定的基团之一。
本文所用术语“盐”包括碱加成盐、酸加成盐和季铵盐。酸性的本发明化合物可与碱形成盐,包括药学上可接受的盐,所述碱包括:碱金属氢氧化物,例如氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾;碱土金属氢氧化物,例如氢氧化钙、氢氧化钡、氢氧化镁;有机碱,例如N-甲基-D-葡萄糖胺、胆碱三(羟甲基)氨基-甲烷、L-精氨酸、L-赖氨酸、N-乙基哌啶、二苄胺等。碱性的化合物(I)可与酸形成盐,包括药学上可接受的盐,所述酸包括:无机酸,例如氢卤酸如盐酸和氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸或磷酸等;有机酸,例如醋酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、马来酸、苹果酸、水杨酸、柠檬酸、甲烷磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、苯甲酸、苯磺酸、谷氨酸、乳酸和苦杏仁酸等。对合适的盐的综述可参见Stahl和Wermuth的《药用盐手册:性质、选择与使用》(Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts:Properties,Selection and Use)(Wiley-VCH,Weinheim,德国,2002)。
在本发明的化合物中,R1连接的碳原子是不对称碳原子,其立体化学如式(I)所示。然而,本发明的化合物因为不对称碳原子的存在,可包含一个或多个额外的手性中心,它们可以各种非对映体形式存在,每个手性中心的立体化学为R或S型。本发明包括所有这种非对映体及其混合物。
术语“溶剂合物”在这里用来描述包含本发明化合物和化学计量的一种或多种药学上可接受的溶剂分子(例如乙醇)的分子复合物。当所述溶剂是水时,则采用术语“水合物”。
基团R1
R1可以是羧基(-COOH),羧基酯基或羧酰胺基。R1是羧基酯基的化合物是目前优选的一种亚类。
羧基酯基R1的例子包括式-COORC的基团,其中RC是C1-C6烷基如甲基、乙基和正丙基或异丙基,或C2-C6烯基如烯丙基。目前优选的羧基酯基是甲酯-COOCH3。
羧酰胺基R1的例子包括式-CONRB(Alk)nRA的基团,其中Alk是任选取代的二价C1-C6亚烷基或C2-C6亚烯基或C2-C6亚炔基,例如-CH2-、-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2CH2-、-CH2CH=CH-和-C≡C-;
n是0或1,
RB是氢、或C1-C6烷基如甲基或乙基、或C2-C6烯基如烯丙基,
RA是氢,羟基或任选取代的碳环或杂环基团,
或者RA和RB与它们所连接的氮原子一起形成N-杂环,所述N-杂环可任选地含有一个或多个选自O、S或N的额外的杂原子,且一个或多个环C或N原子上可任选地被取代。
因此,在式-CONRB(Alk)nRA的羧酰胺基R1中,Alk可以是任选取代的-CH2-、-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2CH2-、-CH2CH=CH-或-CH2C≡CCH2-;RB可以是氢、或甲基、三氟甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基、或烯丙基;RA可以是羟基或任选取代的苯基、3,4-亚甲基二氧苯基、吡啶基、呋喃基、噻吩基、N-哌嗪基或N-吗啉基;或者RA和RB与它们所连接的氮原子一起形成N-杂环,所述N-杂环可任选地含有一个或多个选自O、S或N的额外的杂原子,且一个或多个环C或N原子上可任选地被取代。
目前优选的羧酰胺基R1是-CONH2。
基团R2
R2是氨基甲酸酯基-C(=O)-NR3R4,氨基磺酸酯基-S(=O)2-NR3R4,其中R3和R4独立地选自:氢;任选取代的C1-C6烷基,例如甲基、乙基、或正丙基或异丙基;(C1-C5氟代烷基)-CH2-,例如-CH2CF3;-Q和-CH2Q,其中Q是3-6个环原子的任选取代的单环碳环,例如环丙基、环戊基、环己基或苯基,或3-6个环原子的任选取代的杂环,例如呋喃基、噻吩基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡咯基、吡嗪基、噁唑基、噻唑基、吖丁啶基、吡咯烷基、哌啶基、哌嗪基或吗啉基,或者R3和R4与它们所连接的氮原子一起形成任选取代的3-8个环原子的单环环烷基或非芳香性杂环,例如吡咯烷基、哌啶基、哌嗪基或吗啉基。
目前优选R2是氨基甲酸酯基。
在本发明化合物的一种亚类中,R3和R4中的一个是氢,另一个是任选取代的C1-C3烷基,具体是甲基。
在本发明化合物的另一亚类中,R3和R4与它们所连接的氮原子一起形成任选取代的哌啶基、哌嗪基、吗啉基或吡咯烷基环。
与上述R3和R4连接的任何任选的取代基可选自三氟甲基、C1-C4烷氧基如甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、卤素、氰基、羟基、巯基、氧代、-NH2、-NHRA、或-NRARB,其中RA和RB独立地是甲基或乙基。
基团R5
R5是氢、或通过肽键连接的天然或非天然α氨基酸残基。
因此,在本发明化合物的一种独特亚类中,R5是氢。
如果R5不是氢,则本发明化合物包括R5是式-C(=O)C(R8)(R9)NH2的α氨基酸残基的化合物,其中R8和R9独立地是
(a)氢;或
(b)天然氨基酸的侧链,或
(c)任选取代的C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C2-C4烯基、C2-C4烯氧基或C2-C4炔基,或
(d)-CH2XCH3、-CH2CH2XCH3或-CH2XCH2CH3,其中X是-O-、S或-NR10,其中R10是氢、甲基或乙基;或
(e)-CH2Q或CH2OQ,其中Q如上文与式(I)或(II)相关内容中所定义;或者
R8和R9与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成3-8个环原子的任选取代的环烷基或杂环,任选地与第二个任选取代的碳环或杂环稠合。
在R5是式-C(=O)C(R8)(R9)NH2的α氨基酸残基的化合物中,R8和R9独立地是任选取代的C1-C4烷基、苯基、苄基环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环丙基甲基、环丁基甲基、环戊基甲基、环己基甲基、吡啶基、吡啶基甲基、哌啶基、哌嗪基或吗啉基。
在R5是式-C(=O)C(R8)(R9)NH2的α氨基酸残基的化合物的一个独特亚类中,R8和R9中的一个是氢。例如,R8可以是氢,R9可以是-CH2Q,其中Q是任选取代的苯基,其中任选的取代基包括羟基。
在R5是式-C(=O)C(R8)(R9)NH2的α氨基酸残基的化合物的另一独特亚类中,R8和R9中的一个是氢,另一个是天然氨基酸的侧链。
具体说,在R5是式-C(=O)C(R8)(R9)NH2的α氨基酸残基的化合物中,R8和R9各自可以是甲基,或R6和R7中的一个可以是氢,另一个是甲基。
在R5是式C(=O)C(R8)(R9)NH2的α氨基酸残基的化合物的另一独特亚类中,R8和R9与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成C1-C6环烷基环,所述C1-C6环烷基环是任选苯并稠合的。例如,R8和R9可与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基环。
在R5是式-C(=O)C(R8)(R9)NH2的α氨基酸残基的化合物类型中,R8和R9中任何任选的取代基可选自例如,甲基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、环丙基、卤素、氰基、羟基、巯基、氧代、-NH2、-NHRA、或-NRARB,其中RA和RB独立地是甲基或乙基。
目前优选的本发明化合物包括上文定义和讨论的式(I)或(II)的化合物,其中R5是式(III)的基团:
式中,(a)R11和R12独立地选自氢,如上所述式(I)或(II)中定义的基团R6,基团-C(=O)OR13或基团-C(=O)OR13,其中R13是C1-C3烷基;或(b)R11和R12中的一个是氢,另一个是如上所述式(I)或(II)中定义的基团R2。在式(III)中,R11和R12可以各自是氢。
本发明化合物目前优选的类型是式(IV)或式(V)的化合物及其盐、水合物和溶剂合物:
式中,R1是R14O(C=O)-;R2是R15NH(C=O)-;和R6是氢或R16(C=O)-,其中R14、R15和R16独立地选自C1-C6烷基、C1-C6氟代烷基和环丙基。
在化合物(IV)和(V)中,R14、R15和R16各自优选选自甲基或三氟甲基。
具体的本发明化合物的例子包括实施例所述的那些。
合成途径
存在多种合成方案来合成本发明所考虑的化合物(I),且所有方案均依赖于合成有机化学领域已知的化学方法。式(I)的化合物可根据本领域技术人员所熟知的标准文献所述方法进行合成。常用的文献来源包括《高等有机化学》(“Advanced organic chemistry”),第4版(Wiley),J March,《综合有机转化》(“Comprehensive Organic Transformation”),第2版(Wiley),R.C.Larock,《杂环化学手册》(“Handbook of Heterocyclic Chemistry”),第2版(Pergamon),A.R.Katritzky),综述文章,例如参见《合成》(“Synthesis”),“Acc.Chem.Res.”,“Chem.Rev”,或通过标准文献在线搜索获得的一次文献来源,或者二次来源如“SciFinder”或“Beilstein”。
通常,在本发明化合物的合成过程中,宜保护选择的活性基团以促进特定反应中心的反应。保护活性基团的方法通常参见McOmie的《有机化学中的保护基团》(Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry),Plenum Press,N.Y.,1973和Greene和Wutz的《有机合成中的保护基团》(Protecting Groups inOrganic Synthesis),第2版,John Wiley & Sons,N.Y.,1991。
通常,通过类似于实施例所述的方法获得本发明的化合物。因此,通过将所需的R2基团缩合到前体(IB)苯环的3-羟基上,制备化合物(IA):
式中,P1是受保护的氨基如叔丁氧基羰基氨基,P2是受保护的羟基如苄氧基,R1是酯基。
例如,异氰酸酯、氨甲酰氯和氨磺酰氯是这种缩合反应合适的反应试剂。
类似地,可通过将所需的R2基团缩合到前体(IIB)苯环的3-羟基上,制备化合物(IIA):
式中,P1是受保护的氨基如叔丁氧基羰基氨基,P2是受保护的羟基如苄氧基,R1是酯基。
例如,这种缩合反应合适的反应试剂是活化的氨基甲酸酯和氨基磺酸酯。因此,N-琥珀酰亚胺基N-甲基氨基甲酸酯引入R2基团-CONHCH3。
然后,可通过使基团P1脱保护来修饰化合物(IA)和(IIA),所得游离氨基经进一步修饰后引入所需的R5取代基,然后使基团P2脱保护。
也可通过水解酯基R1以形成羧基来修饰化合物(IA)和(IIA),然后可任选地酰胺化以形成羧酰胺基。然后,基团P1脱保护,任选地修饰所得游离氨基以引入所需的R5取代基,然后使基团P2脱保护。
可通过标准肽合成方法,由相应的适当保护的化合物(IA)和(IB)(其中,R5是氢)制备化合物(I)和(II)(其中R5是通过肽键连接的天然或非天然α氨基酸残基)。当然,肽合成方法是众所周知的,例如参见《肽合成实践》(“Thepractice of peptide synthesis”),第2版,M.Bodansky和A.Bodansky,Springer-Verlag,纽约,XVIII。
药学用途
如上所述,本发明化合物是能够减轻多巴胺缺乏症状的活性多巴胺能化合物或化合物。这种活性中的一些或所有这种活性可能是因为化合物在体内转化为L-多巴,即这种化合物作为L-多巴的完全前药或部分前药而起作用。本发明化合物的体内转化可导致L-多巴比给予L-多巴本身更长的全身接触时间和/或更高的峰浓度,尤其是当本发明化合物的R5基团具有上述式(III)时。
本发明化合物可用于治疗对象的与多巴胺能信号转导受损有关的疾病,包括给予对象一定量能有效减轻这种受损的化合物。所述化合物也可用于制备用于治疗与多巴胺能信号转导受损有关的疾病的组合物。所述疾病的例子包括:帕金森病,或下肢不宁综合征,以及Tourette综合征,注意力缺陷机能亢进性障碍,产生垂体瘤,帕金森加强型综合征,左旋多巴响应性张力失常,运动障碍,睡眠期间周期性运动,吞咽困难或神经阻滞剂恶性综合征。
可用本发明化合物治疗的常见帕金森病的例子包括:散发性帕金森病,家族形式的帕金森病和脑炎后帕金森综合征。
可用本发明化合物治疗的常见帕金森加强型综合征的例子包括进行性进行性核上麻痹和多系统萎缩症。
通常,运动障碍是L-多巴诱导的运动障碍。
本发明化合物可以各种剂型给予。因此,它们可以口服给予,例如片剂、胶囊、含片、锭剂、水性或油性混悬剂、可分散的粉末剂或颗粒剂。化合物可以舌下制剂的形式给予,例如含服制剂。本发明化合物也可以胃肠外给予,不论是皮下、静脉内、肌肉内、胸骨内、透皮、还是利用吸入、鼻内、或利用输注技术。化合物也可以栓剂形式给予。因此,本发明化合物可口服、吸入或鼻内给予,但优选口服给予本发明化合物,更优选以片剂或胶囊形式给予本发明化合物。对于片剂和胶囊形式,常常优选以硬明胶胶囊形式给予化合物,或者以本领域已知的各种缓释制剂形式。
本发明还提供了一种药物组合物,其包含上述本发明的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐以及药学上可接受的载体。
通常将本发明化合物配制成用药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂给予。例如,固体口服剂型除活性化合物外可还包含稀释剂,例如乳糖、右旋糖、蔗糖、纤维素、玉米淀粉或马铃薯淀粉;润滑剂,例如二氧化硅、滑石粉、硬脂酸、硬脂酸镁或硬脂酸钙、和/或聚乙二醇;粘合剂,例如淀粉、阿拉伯胶、明胶、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;崩解剂,例如淀粉、藻酸、藻酸盐或淀粉乙醇酸钠;发泡混合物;染料;甜味剂;湿润剂,例如卵磷脂、聚山梨酯、月桂基硫酸酯;以及药物制剂中常用的无毒且药学上惰性的物质。这种药物制剂可用已知方式配制,例如通过混合、制粒、压片、糖包衣或薄膜包衣工艺的方式。
口服给予的液体分散剂可以是糖浆剂、乳剂和混悬剂。糖浆剂可包含例如蔗糖或蔗糖与甘油和/或甘露醇和/或山梨糖醇作为载体。混悬剂和乳剂可包含例如天然树胶、琼脂、藻酸钠、果胶、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素或聚乙烯醇作为载体。用于肌内注射的混悬剂或溶液剂除活性化合物外还可包含药学上可接受的载体,例如无菌水,橄榄油,油酸乙酯,二醇如丙二醇,以及如果需要的话适当量的盐酸利多卡因。
由于本发明的化合物优选口服给予,本发明还提供了一种胶囊或片剂形式的药物组合物,其包含上述本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及药学上可接受的载体。
用于注射或输注的溶液剂可包含例如无菌水作为载体,或者优选它们可以是无菌水性等渗盐水溶液的形式。
本发明化合物还可与过去已知在L-多巴治疗中有益的其他活性化合物一起给予,并且可与L-多巴本身一起给予。例如,过去将L-多巴与外周脱羧酶抑制剂和邻苯二酚-O-甲基转移酶(COMT)抑制剂一同给予。因此,本发明提供了一种药物组合物,其包含上述本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,外周脱羧酶抑制剂和/或COMT抑制剂以及药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂。合适的脱羧酶抑制剂是卡比多巴或苄丝肼。所述外周脱羧酶抑制剂优选是卡比多巴。合适的COMT抑制剂是恩他卡朋。
还提供了一种产品,其包含(a)上述本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐和(b)外周脱羧酶抑制剂和/或(c)COMT抑制剂,在人或动物体的治疗中同时分别或相继使用。
应理解,任何特定患者的具体剂量水平将取决于许多因素,包括所用具体化合物的活性,患者年龄、体重、健康状况、性别、饮食情况、给药时间、给药途径、排泄率、药物组合以及进行治疗的特定疾病的严重性。本领域中要求,最佳剂量水平和给药频率将通过临床试验确定。然而,预计常用剂量约为0.001-50毫克/千克体重。
以下实施例阐述本发明:
缩写:
DMA N,N-二甲基乙酰胺
DMAP 4-N,N-二甲基氨基吡啶
DMF N,N-二甲基甲酰胺
EDCI 3-二甲基氨基丙基-N-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐
HBTU 苯并三唑基N,N,N,N-四甲基脲鎓六氟磷酸酯
HOBT N-羟基苯并三唑
DMF N,N-二甲基甲酰胺
TFA 三氟乙酸
HPLC/MS方法
方法A
联用HP1100LC与Waters微量(Micromass)ZMD质谱仪,在阳离子模式下运行,获得HPLC/MS数据。利用Genesis 4微米C18柱,用以下两种溶剂构成的梯度洗脱样品:0.1%甲酸水溶液和0.1%甲酸/乙腈。梯度在7分钟内从5%乙腈升至95%,在95%保持3分钟,然后在4分钟内降至5%。
方法B
在与Thermo Finnegan LCQ DECA XP离子阱质谱仪直接接口的ThermoFinnegan Surveyor LC系统上获得HPLC/MS数据。利用Alltech Prevail 3微米C18柱,用溶剂A(10mM醋酸铵在0.1%甲酸/水中)和溶剂B(50毫升溶剂A在0.1%甲酸/乙腈中)构成的梯度洗脱样品。梯度在6分钟内从5%乙腈B升至95%,在95%保持2分钟,然后在0.5分钟内降至5%。
HPLC方法
采用Waters Alliance HPLC仪器(2695离析模式)获得HPLC数据。利用Kromasil 5um(250mm×4.6mm)C18柱,用以下三种溶剂构成的梯度洗脱样品:溶剂A(水),溶剂B(乙腈)和溶剂C(2%TFA在水中)。所用梯度总结在下表中。
时间 | 流速(毫升/分钟) | %A | %B | %C |
0 | 1 | 90 | 5 | 5 |
14 | 1 | 39.6 | 55.4 | 5 |
14.2 | 1 | 90 | 5 | 5 |
19 | 1 | 90 | 5 | 5 |
20 | 1 | 90 | 5 | 5 |
1H NMR方法
在Bruker AMX400、Bruker Avance 400或Jeol ECA 500MHz仪器上获得1H NMR数据。
MS方法
利用与ThermoFinnigan Surveyor LC系统直接接口的ThermoFinniganLCQ DECA XP获得质谱数据。
实施例1
(S)-2-(3-乙基氨甲酰氧基-4-羟基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基-氯化铵
步骤1
(S)-3-(3-苄氧基-4-羟基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-丙酸甲酯和(S)-3-(4-苄氧基-3-羟基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-丙酸甲酯
将(S)-2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-3-(3,4-二羟基-苯基)-丙酸甲酯(14.5克)溶解于丙酮(340毫升)。加入碳酸钾(19.3克)和碘化钠(1.05克),再加入苄基氯(5.58毫升;1.04当量)。将该反应混合物在氮气下于室温搅拌15分钟,然后加热至回流保持10小时。过滤去除沉淀的固体,滤液蒸发至干得到褐色油。粗产物在硅胶上进行色谱纯化,用乙酸乙酯-己烷(从5%到25%乙酸乙酯)进行梯度洗脱。
首先洗脱的异构体是(S)-3-(3-苄氧基-4-羟基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基-羰基氨基-丙酸甲酯,1.62g;Rf0.16(25%乙酸乙酯-己烷);NMR(500MHz,d6DMSO)1.42(9H,s),2.95-3.05(2H,m),3.67(3H,s),4.53-4.54(1H,m),4.95-4.97(1H,m),5.07(2H,s),5.56(1H,s),6.63(1H,br d J 8),6.71(1H,brs),6.85(1H,d J8),7.3-7.4(5H,m);HPLC/MS保留时间5.99分钟,m/z402(MH+)。
第二个洗脱的异构体是(S)-3-(4-苄氧基-3-羟基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基-羰基-氨基-丙酸甲酯,4.15g;Rf 0.14(25%乙酸乙酯-己烷);NMR(500MHz,d6DMSO)1.42(9H,s),2.97-2.99(2H,m),3.72(3H,s),4.52-4.54(1H,m),4.96-4.97(1H,m),5.07(2H,s),5.61(1H,s),6.58(1H,dd J 8,2),6.71(1H,d J ca 2),6.84(1H,d J 8),7.35-7.41(5H,m);HPLC/MS保留时间6.05分钟,m/z 402(MH+)。
步骤2
(S)-3-(4-苄氧基-3-乙基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基羰基-氨基-丙酸甲酯
将(S)-3-(4-苄氧基-3-羟基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基-羰基-氨基-丙酸甲酯(2.8克)溶解于二氯甲烷(60毫升),加入催化量的DMAP。加入异氰酸乙酯(0.8毫升),将该溶液在60℃搅拌加热4小时。通过HPLC/MS监测反应液,进一步加入部分异氰酸乙酯,继续加热直到反应完全。
反应混合物蒸发至干,粗产物用乙酸乙酯-己烷重结晶。获得白色固体(S)-3-(4-苄氧基-3-乙基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-丙酸甲酯,2.2克;NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)1.15(3H,t J 7.2),1.42(9H,s),2.97-3.02(2H,m),3.28(2H,dq J 7,6.6),3.70(3H,s),4.5-4.55(2H,br),4.95-5.0(2H,br),5.06(2H,s),6.88-6.92(3H,m),7.28-7.42(5H,m);HPLC/MS保留时间6.19分钟,m/z 473(MH+)。
步骤3
(S)-2-(3-乙基氨甲酰氧基-4-羟基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基-氯化铵
将(S)-3-(4-苄氧基-3-乙基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-丙酸甲酯(220毫克)溶解于4M HCl的二噁烷(3毫升)溶液中,该溶液在室温下静置约2小时。蒸发溶剂得到白色固体,将该白色固体再溶解到甲醇(5毫升)中,在5%钯-碳(44毫克)上1个氢气压力下氢化。室温下搅拌过夜之后,过滤去除催化剂并用甲醇洗涤。蒸发滤液得到树胶,用甲醇-醚进行结晶。获得白色固体(S)-2-(3-乙基氨甲酰氧基-4-羟基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基-氯化铵,110毫克;NMR(500MHz,d6DMSO)1.07(3H,t J 7),2.94-3.09(4H,m),3.67(3H,s),4.18(1H,t J 6),6.84(3H,br s),7.56(1H,t J 5.5),8.43(ca3H,br s),9.55(1H,s);HPLC/MS保留时间3.41分钟,m/z 283(MH+)。
实施例2
(S)-2-(3-二甲基氨甲酰氧基-4-羟基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基-氯化铵
步骤1
(S)-3-(4-苄氧基-3-二甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-丙酸甲酯
将(S)-3-(4-苄氧基-3-羟基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基-羰基-氨基-丙酸甲酯(401毫克)溶解于二氯甲烷(8毫升),加入N,N-二甲基氨甲酰氯(0.092毫升,1当量)。加入三乙胺(0.14毫升,1当量),将该混合物在回流下搅拌并加热。通过HPLC/MS监测反应液,进一步加入部分N,N-二甲基氨甲酰氯和三乙胺以使反应完全。总共8小时回流之后,反应混合物蒸发至干并加载到硅胶上。色谱纯化,用乙酸乙酯-己烷的混合物洗脱,得到油状的(S)-3-(4-苄氧基-3-二甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基羰基-氨基-丙酸甲酯,315毫克;Rf 0.14(乙酸乙酯-己烷1∶3);HPLC/MS保留时间3.89分钟,m/z 473(MH+)。用乙酸乙酯-己烷重结晶得到白色固体(S)-3-(4-苄氧基-3-二甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基羰基-氨基-丙酸甲酯,126毫克;NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)1.42(9H,s),2.95(3H,s),2.98-3.04(5H,m),3.70(3H,s),4.52-4.54(ca 1H,m),4.97-5.00(ca 1H,br d),5.05(2H,s),6.88-6.92(3H,m),7.28-7.40(5H,m)。
步骤2
(S)-2-(3-二甲基氨甲酰氧基-4-羟基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基-氯化铵
将(S)-3-(4-苄氧基-3-二甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-丙酸甲酯(122毫克)溶解于4M HCl的二噁烷(2毫升)溶液中,该溶液在室温下静置。1小时后,蒸发溶剂得到白色固体,将该白色固体再溶解到甲醇(5毫升)中,在5%钯-碳(20毫克)上于1个氢气压力下氢化。室温下搅拌1小时后,过滤去除催化剂并用甲醇洗涤。蒸发滤液得到树胶,用甲醇-醚研磨进行结晶。获得白色固体(S)-2-(3-二甲基氨甲酰氧基-4-羟基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基-氯化铵,77毫克;HPLC/MS保留时间3.85分钟,m/z 283(MH+);NMR(500MHz,d6DMSO)2.89(3H,s),2.95-3.02(2H,m)重叠3.03(3H,s),3.67(3H,s),4.19(1H,t J 7),6.83-6.88(3H,m),8.40(ca 3H,br置换D2O),9.56(1H,s,置换D2O)。
实施例3
(S)-2-(3-二甲基氨磺酰氧基-4-羟基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基-氯化铵
步骤1
(S)-2-苄氧基羰基氨基-3-(4-苄氧基-3-二甲基氨磺酰氧基-苯基)-丙酸甲酯
将(S)-2-苄氧基羰基氨基-3-(4-苄氧基-3-羟基-苯基)-丙酸甲酯(575毫克)(L.Hunter和C.Hutton,Aust.J.Chem.,2003,56,1095-1098)溶解于二氯甲烷(12毫升)中,加入N,N-二甲基氨磺酰氯(0.17毫升)。逐滴加入三乙胺(0.36毫升),然后是催化量的DMAP。将混合物在55℃搅拌加热过夜。通过HPLC/MS监测反应液,进一步加入部分N,N-二甲基氨磺酰氯(0.08毫升)和三乙胺(0.18毫升),55℃继续加热24小时。
用二氯甲烷稀释反应混合物,用稀HCl、用碳酸氢钠水溶液和用盐水洗涤。干燥(MgSO4)并蒸发,得到粗产物。硅胶色谱纯化,用乙酸乙酯-己烷的混合物洗脱,得到无色树胶(S)-2-苄氧基羰基氨基-3-(4-苄氧基-3-二甲基氨磺酰氧基-苯基)-丙酸甲酯,615毫克;Rf0.37(乙酸乙酯-己烷1∶1);HPLC/MS保留时间7.03分钟,m/z 507(MH+)。
步骤2
(S)-2-(3-二甲基氨磺酰氧基-4-羟基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基-氯化铵
将(S)-2-苄氧基羰基氨基-3-(4-苄氧基-3-二甲基氨磺酰氧基-苯基)-丙酸甲酯(615毫克)溶解于含苄基氯(180毫克)和5%钯-碳(60毫克)的甲醇(30毫升)中。将混合物在氢气气氛下搅拌过夜。过滤去除催化剂,用甲醇洗涤。蒸发滤液得到树胶,用醚研磨结晶。获得灰白色固体(S)-2-(3-二甲基氨磺酰氧基-4-羟基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基-氯化铵,320毫克;NMR(500MHz,d6DMSO)2.89(3H,s),2.97(1H,dd J 14,8),3.01-3.08(4H,m),3.67(3H,s),4.19(1H,t J 7),6.84-6.88(3H,m),8.54(ca 3H,br置换D2O),9.58(1H,s,置换D2O);HPLC/MS保留时间2.68分钟,m/z 283(MH+)。
实施例4
(S)-2-(3-乙基氨甲酰氧基-4-羟基-苯基)-1-甲基氨甲酰基-乙基-氯化铵
步骤1
(S)-3-(4-苄氧基-3-羟基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-丙酸
将(S)-3-(4-苄氧基-3-乙基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-丙酸甲酯(实施例1,步骤2)(1.42克)溶解于甲醇(40毫升)中,加入2M氢氧化锂(1.5毫升)。30分钟后,加入第二部分的氢氧化锂(1.6毫升),该溶液静置2天。加入氢氧化锂(2M,0.2毫升),该溶液在室温下再静置7天。
浓缩溶液,用水稀释,用稀HCl酸化,用乙酸乙酯萃取。萃取物用水和用盐水洗涤。干燥(MgSO4)并蒸发,得到粗产物。用醚研磨得到白色固体(S)-3-(4-苄氧基-3-羟基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-丙酸,980毫克;NMR(500MHz,d6DMSO)1.33(9H,s),2.67(1H,dd J 13.5,10),2.84(1H,dd J 13.34.5),3.97-4.01(1H,m),5.05(2H,s),6.56(1H,dd J 8,2),6.69(1H,d J2),6.85(1H,d J 8),6.97(1H,br d J 8),7.29-7.46(5H,m),8.88(1H,s置换D2O),12.5(1H br置换D2O);HPLC/MS保留时间5.37分钟,m/z388(MH+)。
步骤2
[(S)-2-(4-苄氧基-3-羟基-苯基)-1-甲基氨甲酰基-乙基]-氨基甲酸叔丁酯
将(S)-3-(4-苄氧基-3-羟基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-丙酸(1.23毫摩尔)溶解于DMF(5毫升)中。加入EDCI(2毫摩尔),然后是HOBT(1毫摩尔)和盐酸甲胺(2毫摩尔)。加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(2毫摩尔),该溶液在室温下搅拌5小时。溶液用水和乙酸乙酯稀释。乙酸乙酯提取物用稀HCl,用水和用盐水洗涤。干燥(MgSO4)并蒸发,得到粗产物,用乙酸乙酯-己烷(1∶1)结晶。获得白色固体[(S)-2-(4-苄氧基-3-羟基-苯基)-1-甲基氨甲酰基-乙基]-氨基甲酸叔丁酯,348毫克;HPLC/MS保留时间5.22分钟,m/z 401(MH+)。
步骤3
[(S)-2-(4-苄氧基-3-乙基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-1-甲基氨甲酰基-乙基]-氨基甲酸叔丁酯
将[(S)-2-(4-苄氧基-3-羟基-苯基)-1-甲基氨甲酰基-乙基]-氨基甲酸叔丁酯(348毫克)溶解在无水二氯甲烷(2毫升)中,加入异氰酸乙酯(0.31毫升),然后是催化量的DMAP。该溶液在50℃加热5小时,形成白色固体。用乙酸乙酯稀释混合物,滤出粗产物,用乙酸乙酯洗涤。用甲醇重结晶得到[(S)-2-(4-苄氧基-3-乙基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-1-甲基氨甲酰基-乙基]-氨基甲酸叔丁酯,253毫克;HPLC/MS保留时间5.49分钟,m/z 472(MH+)。
步骤4
(S)-2-(3-乙基氨甲酰氧基-4-羟基-苯基)-1-甲基氨甲酰基-乙基-氯化铵
将[(S)-2-(4-苄氧基-3-乙基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-1-甲基氨甲酰基-乙基]-氨基甲酸叔丁酯(243毫克)悬浮在4M HCl-二噁烷(5毫升)中,并在室温下搅拌1小时。澄清溶液蒸发至干,所得油重新溶解在甲醇(5毫升)中。加入5%Pd-C(50毫克),混合物在氢气气氛下于室温搅拌2小时。过滤去除催化剂,并用甲醇洗涤。蒸发滤液,得到油状粗产物。用醚研磨,得到灰色固体(S)-2-(3-乙基氨甲酰氧基-4-羟基-苯基)-1-甲基氨甲酰基-乙基-氯化铵,150毫克;NMR(500MHz,d6DMSO)1.07(3H,t J 7),2.59(3H,d J 4.5塌陷至s,用D2O),2.82-2.95(2H,m),3.03-3.10(2H,m),3.83(1H,t J 7),6.81-6.85(3H,m),7.55(1H,t J 5.5),8.19(3H,br置换D2O),8.37(1H,br q置换D2O),9.5(1H,s,置换D2O);HPLC/MS保留时间2.9分钟,m/z 282(MH+)。
实施例5
(S)-2-(3-乙基氨甲酰氧基-4-羟基-苯基)-1-(1-甲氧基羰基-1-甲基-乙基氨甲酰基)-乙基-氯化铵
步骤1
2-[(S)-3-(4-苄氧基-3-羟基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-丙酰氨基]-2-甲基-丙酸甲酯
将(S)-3-(4-苄氧基-3-羟基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-丙酸(465毫克)溶解于无水DMA(5毫升)中,分批加入HBTU(910毫克),然后是2-氨基异丁酸甲酯盐酸盐(366毫克)。加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(0.4毫升),该溶液在室温下搅拌3天。用水和乙酸乙酯稀释混合物。水相用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并的有机萃取物用稀HCl,用碳酸氢钠水溶液和用盐水洗涤。干燥(MgSO4)并蒸发溶剂,得到树胶形式的粗产物2-[(S)-3-(4-苄氧基-3-羟基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-丙酰氨基]-2-甲基-丙酸甲酯,690毫克;HPLC/MS保留时间5.77分钟,m/z 487。
步骤2
2-[(S)-3-(4-苄氧基-3-乙基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-丙酰氨基]-2-甲基-丙酸甲酯
将2-[(S)-3-(4-苄氧基-3-羟基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-丙酰氨基]-2-甲基-丙酸甲酯(1.2毫摩尔)溶解在二氯甲烷(5毫升)中,加入异氰酸乙酯(0.31毫升)。加入催化量的DMAP,该溶液在50℃加热7小时。反应混合物蒸发至干,粗产物在硅胶上进行色谱纯化,用乙酸乙酯-己烷的混合物洗脱。得到白色结晶固体2-[(S)-3-(4-苄氧基-3-乙基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-丙酰-氨基]-2-甲基-丙酸甲酯,410毫克;Rf 0.29(乙酸乙酯-己烷1∶1);NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)1.39(ca 3H,s),1.41(ca 3H,s),1.43(ca 9H,s),2.86(1H,dd J 14,8),3.08(1H,dd J 14,5),3.25-3.32(2H,m),3.70(3H,s),4.23(1H,br),5.00(1H,br t J 5),5.07(2H,s),6.15(1H,s),6.91(1H,dJ 8),6.99-7.02(2H,m),7.28-7.42(ca 5H,m);HPLC/MS保留时间5.98分钟,m/z 558(MH+)。
步骤3
(S)-2-(3-乙基氨甲酰氧基-4-羟基-苯基)-1-(1-甲氧基羰基-1-甲基-乙基氨甲酰基)-乙基-氯化铵
将2-[(S)-3-(4-苄氧基-3-乙基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-丙酰氨基]-2-甲基-丙酸甲酯(380毫克)溶解于4M HCl-二噁烷(10毫升)中,室温下搅拌1小时。该溶液蒸发至干,所得树胶重新溶解到含5%Pd-C(60毫克)的甲醇(10毫升)中。将该混合物在氢气气氛下搅拌2小时。过滤去除催化剂,滤液蒸发至干得到树胶。用醚重复研磨,得到白色固体(S)-2-(3-乙基氨甲酰氧基-4-羟基-苯基)-1-(1-甲氧基羰基-1-甲基-乙基氨甲酰基)-乙基-氯化铵,240毫克;NMR(500MHz,d6DMSO)1.07(ca 3H,t J 7),1.32(3H,s),1.38(3H,s),2.85(1H,dd J 14,7),2.98(1H,dd J 14,5),3.05-3.09(2H,m),3.58(3H,s),3.91(1H,br t),6.83(1H,d J 8),6.91(1H,dd J 8,2),6.94(1H,d J 2),7.55(1H,br t),8.15(3H,br s置换D2O),8.82(1H,s置换D2O),9.51(1H,s,置换D2O);HPLC/MS保留时间4.29分钟,m/z368(MH+)。
实施例6
(S)-2-[4-羟基-3-(吡咯烷-1-羰氧基)-苯基]-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基-氯化铵
步骤1
吡咯烷-1-羧酸2-苄氧基-5-((S)-2-苄氧基羰基氨基-2-甲氧基羰基-乙基)-苯基酯
将(S)-2-苄氧基羰基氨基-3-(4-苄氧基-3-羟基-苯基)-丙酸甲酯(434毫克)溶解于二氯甲烷(7毫升)中,加入1-吡咯烷基羰基氯(200毫克)的二氯甲烷(2毫升)溶液。逐滴加入三乙胺(0.22毫升),然后是催化量的DMAP。将该混合物在40℃搅拌并加热过夜。通过HPLC/MS监测反应液,进一步加入1-吡咯烷基羰基氯(400毫克)和三乙胺(0.4毫升),在55℃继续加热48小时。反应混合物用二氯甲烷稀释,用稀HCl、用碳酸氢钠水溶液和用盐水洗涤。干燥(MgSO4)并蒸发得到粗产物。硅胶色谱纯化,用乙酸乙酯-己烷的混合物洗脱,得到无色树胶吡咯烷-1-羧酸2-苄氧基-5-((S)-2-苄氧基羰基氨基-2-甲氧基羰基-乙基)-苯基酯,364毫克;Rf 0.3(乙酸乙酯-己烷1∶1);HPLC/MS保留时间7.31分钟,m/z 533(MH+)。
步骤2
(S)-2-[4-羟基-3-(吡咯烷-1-羰氧基)-苯基]-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基-氯化铵
将吡咯烷-1-羧酸2-苄氧基-5-((S)-2-苄氧基羰基氨基-2-甲氧基羰基-乙基)-苯基酯(364毫克)溶解于含苄基氯(95毫克)和5%钯-碳(50毫克)的甲醇(15毫升)中。将该混合物在氢气气氛下搅拌3小时。过滤去除催化剂,用甲醇洗涤。蒸发滤液得到树胶,用醚研磨进行结晶。获得白色固体(S)-2-[4-羟基-3-(吡咯烷-1-羰氧基)-苯基]-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基-氯化铵,212毫克;NMR(500MHz,d6DMSO)1.82-1.92(4H,m),2.97(1H,dd J 14,7),3.05(1H,dd J14,6),3.31(2H,t J 7),3.49(2H,t J 7),3.67(3H,s),4.19(1H,t J ca 6),6.85-6.88(3H,m),8.54(3H,br s置换D2O),9.54(1H,s,置换D2O);HPLC/MS保留时间3.04分钟,m/z 309(MH+)。
实施例7
(S)-2-(4-羟基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基-氯化铵
步骤1
(S)-2-苄氧基羰基氨基-3-(4-苄氧基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-丙酸甲酯
将(S)-2-苄氧基羰基氨基-3-(4-苄氧基-3-羟基-苯基)-丙酸甲酯(664毫克)和催化剂DMAP的二氯甲烷(4毫升)溶液加入含甲基异氰酸酯(260毫克)的烧瓶中。将该溶液搅拌并加热至40℃过夜。通过HPLC/MS监测反应液,进一步加入部分甲基异氰酸酯(240毫克),并在40℃继续加热24小时。蒸发反应混合物,得到粗产物,硅胶色谱进行纯化,用乙酸乙酯-己烷的混合物洗脱。获得白色固体(S)-2-苄氧基羰基氨基-3-(4-苄氧基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-丙酸甲酯,437毫克;Rf 0.23(乙酸乙酯-己烷1∶1);HPLC/MS保留时间6.55分钟,m/z 493(MH+)。
步骤2
(S)-2-(4-羟基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基-氯化铵
将(S)-2-苄氧基羰基氨基-3-(4-苄氧基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-丙酸甲酯(427毫克)溶解于含5%Pd-C(46毫克)和苄基氯(140毫克)的甲醇(40毫升)中。将该混合物在氢气气氛下搅拌4小时。过滤去除催化剂,并用甲醇洗涤。滤液蒸发至干,得到树胶,用醚研磨树胶。获得白色固体(S)-2-(4-羟基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基-氯化铵,239毫克;NMR(500MHz,d6DMSO)2.64(ca 3H,d J 5),2.97(1H,dd J 14.5,7),3.04(1H,dd J 14.5,6),3.67(3H,s),4.19(1H,t J 6.5),6.82-6.88(3H,m),7.44(1H,q J 5s置换D2O),8.52(3H,br s置换D2O),9.57(1H,s,置换D2O);HPLC/MS保留时间3.04分钟,m/z 309(MH+)。
实施例8
(S)-2-(3,4-二羟基-苯基)-1-[(S)-2-(4-羟基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基氨甲酰基]-乙基-氯化铵
步骤1
(S)-3-(4-苄氧基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-丙酸甲酯
将N-琥珀酰亚胺基N-甲基氨基甲酸酯(1.89克,11亳摩尔)加入(S)-3-(4-苄氧基-3-羟基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-丙酸甲酯(1.1克,2.74毫摩尔)的乙腈(15毫升)溶液中。将该混合物回流4天。去除溶剂后,残留物通过硅胶色谱进行纯化,用乙酸乙酯/己烷(2∶3)洗脱。获得白色固体(S)-3-(4-苄氧基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-丙酸甲酯,0.83克。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)1.42(s,9H),2.86(d,J=4.9Hz,3H),3.01(m,2H),3.70(s,3H),4.53(m,1H),5.00(m,2H),5.07(s,2H),6.89(m,3H),7.29-7.42(m,5H)。
步骤2
(S)-2-(4-苄氧基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基-氯化铵
0℃,向(S)-3-(4-苄氧基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基-羰基氨基-丙酸甲酯(0.80克)的二氯甲烷(10毫升)溶液中加入HCl溶液(4M的二噁烷溶液,4毫升)。将该混合物在该温度下搅拌2小时。加入乙醚,白色固体发生沉淀。过滤得到白色固体(S)-2-(4-苄氧基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基-氯化铵,0.654克。1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)2.65(d,3H),3.01-3.14(m,2H),3.67(s,3H),4.24(m,1H),5.10(s,2H),7.01-7.11(m,3H),7.30-7.44(m,5H),7.61(m,1H),8.64(br,3H)。
步骤3
(S)-2-[(S)-2-苄氧基羰基氨基-3-(3,4-双苄氧基-苯基)-丙酰基氨基]-3-(4-苄氧基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-丙酸甲酯
将(S)-2-(4-苄氧基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基-氯化铵(0.2克,0.506毫摩尔)悬浮在二氯甲烷(20毫升)中,然后加入三乙胺(0.068克,0.678毫摩尔),再加入(S)-2-苄氧基羰基氨基-3-(3,4-双苄氧基-苯基)-丙酸(0.31克,0.678毫摩尔)[参见德国专利DE 2121187]和HOBt(0.092克,0.678毫摩尔)。将该混合物室温搅拌20分钟。加入EDC(0.130克,0.678毫摩尔)。继续搅拌过夜。混合物用碳酸氢钠洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥。去除溶剂后,残留物通过硅胶进行色谱纯化,用乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷(1∶2)洗脱。得到白色固体(S)-2-[(S)-2-苄氧基羰基氨基-3-(3,4-双苄氧基-苯基)-丙酰氨基]-3-(4-苄氧基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-丙酸甲酯,0.43克。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)2.62(d,J=4.6Hz,3H),2.88-3.00(m,3H),3.35(s,1H),3.56(s,3H),4.24-4.30(m,1H),4.43-4.49(m,1H),4.95(m,2H),5.06(m,6H),6.80(m,1H),6.92-7.09(m,5H),7.23-7.45(m,21H),7.59(m,1H),8.46(d,J=7.3Hz,1H)。
步骤4
(S)-1-[(S)-2-(4-苄氧基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基氨甲酰基]-2-(3,4-双苄氧基-苯基)-乙基-氯化铵
将(S)-2-[(S)-2-苄氧基羰基氨基-3-(3,4-双苄氧基-苯基)-丙酰氨基]-3-(4-苄氧基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-丙酸甲酯(0.95克,1.115毫摩尔)悬浮在乙酸乙酯(20毫升)和甲醇(20毫升)中。加入Pd/C(5%,0.19克)和苄基氯(0.155克,1.226毫摩尔)。在30psi氢气下氢化3小时。过滤并去除溶剂后,将残留物重新溶解在甲醇(3毫升)中,加入二乙醚,产生白色固体沉淀。过滤获得白色固体(S)-1-[(S)-2-(4-苄氧基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基氨甲酰基]-2-(3,4-双苄氧基-苯基)-乙基-氯化铵,0.52克。1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)2.63(d,3H),2.73(m,1H),2.82-3.01(m,3H),3.61(s,3H),3.92(m,1H),4.46(m,1H),6.52(m,1H),6.68(m,2H),6.83-6.91(m,3H),7.50(m,1H),8.11(br,3H),8.87(s,1H),8.97(s,1H),9.10(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),9.57(s,1H)。m/z 448(MH+)。HPLC/MS(方法B)保留时间4.58分钟,m/z 448(MH+)。
实施例9
(S)-2-(3-羟基-4-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基氯化铵
步骤1
(S)-3-(3-苄氧基-4-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-丙酸甲酯
将(S)-3-(3-苄氧基-4-羟基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-丙酸甲酯(1.15克,2.87毫摩尔)和N-琥珀酰亚胺基N-甲基氨基甲酸酯(1.975克,11.47毫摩尔)的混合物在乙腈(15毫升)中的混合物回流4天。去除溶剂后,残留物进行色谱纯化,用EtOAc/己烷(1∶1.5)洗脱得到白色固体(S)-3-(3-苄氧基-4-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-丙酸甲酯,0.83克。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)1.43(s,9H),2.86(d,3H),3.03(m,2H),3.66(s,3H),4.56(m,1H),4.98(m,2H),5.05(s,2H),6.70-6.90(m,2H),7.03(m,1H),7.29-7.43(m,5H)。
步骤2
(S)-2-(3-苄氧基-4-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基-氯化铵
向冰浴冷却的(S)-3-(3-苄氧基-4-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基-丙酸甲酯(0.90克)的二氯甲烷(12毫升)溶液中加入4M HCl的二噁烷(6毫升)溶液。将该混合物在0℃搅拌2小时。加入乙醚,产生白色固体沉淀。过滤得到白色固体(S)-2-(3-苄氧基-4-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基-氯化铵,0.83克。1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)2.64(s,3H),3.10(m,2H),3.68(s,3H),4.33(m,1H),5.10(s,2H),6.79(m,1H),7.04-7.12(m,2H),7.32-7.45(m,5H),7.60(m,1H),8.64(s,3H)。
步骤3
(S)-2-(3-羟基-4-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基氯化铵
将(S)-2-(3-苄氧基-4-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基氯化铵(0.5克)溶解在甲醇(30毫升)中,然后加入0.96克Pd/C(5%)。室温,在30psi氢气下氢化2小时。过滤后,真空浓缩滤液,残留物用二乙醚洗涤。获得白色固体(S)-2-(3-羟基-4-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基氯化铵,0.35克。1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)2.63(d,3H),2.96-3.09(m,2H),3.70(s,3H),4.22(m,1H),6.61(m,1H),6.74(m,1H),6.91(m,1H),7.46(m,1H),8.60(s,3H),9.65(s,1H)。MS m/z(MH+)269。HPLC/MS(方法B)保留时间4.03分钟,m/z 269(MH+)。
实施例10
(S)-2-(3,4-二羟基-苯基)-1-[(S)-2-(3-羟基-4-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基氨甲酰基]-乙基-氯化铵
步骤1
(S)-2-[(S)-2-苄氧基羰基氨基-3-(3,4-双苄氧基-苯基)-丙酰氨基]-3-(3-苄氧基-4-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-丙酸甲酯
将(S)-2-(3-苄氧基-4-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基-氯化铵悬浮在二氯甲烷(20毫升)中,然后加入三乙胺(0.18克),再加入(S)-2-苄氧基羰基氨基-3-(3,4-双苄氧基-苯基)-丙酸(0.85克)[参见德国专利DE 2121187]和HOBt(0.25克)。将该混合物室温搅拌20分钟。加入EDC(0.35克),继续搅拌过夜。混合物用碳酸氢钠洗涤,并用硫酸钠干燥。去除溶剂后,残留物用硅胶进行色谱纯化,用乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷(1∶2)洗脱。得到白色固体(S)-2-[(S)-2-苄氧基羰基氨基-3-(3,4-双苄氧基-苯基)-丙酰氨基]-3-(3-苄氧基-4-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-丙酸甲酯,1.25克。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)2.63(d,J=4.6Hz,3H),2.87-3.06(m,4H),3.56(s,3H),4.28-4.34(m,1H),4.53-4.58(m,1H),4.86-5.09(m,8H),6.78(m,2H),6.95(m,2H),7.09(m,2H),7.20-7.54(m,22H),8.51(m,1H)。
步骤2
(S)-2-(3,4-二羟基-苯基)-1-[(S)-2-(3-羟基-4-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基氨甲酰基]-乙基-氯化铵
将(S)-2-[(S)-2-苄氧基羰基氨基-3-(3,4-双苄氧基-苯基)-丙酰氨基]-3-(3-苄氧基-4-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-丙酸甲酯(0.40克,0.470毫摩尔)悬浮在乙酸乙酯(20毫升)和甲醇(20毫升)中。加入Pd/C(5%,0.10克)和苄基氯(0.065克,0.517毫摩尔)。在30psi氢气下氢化3小时。过滤并去除溶剂后,将残留物重新溶解在甲醇(2毫升)中。加入二乙醚,产生白色固体沉淀。过滤得到白色固体(S)-2-(3,4-二羟基-苯基)-1-[(S)-2-(3-羟基-4-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基氨甲酰基]-乙基-氯化铵,0.22克。1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)2.63(d,3H),2.72(m,1H),2.83-3.02(m,3H),3.64(s,3H),3.93(m,1H),4.50(m,1H),6.52(m,1H),6.65(m,3H),6.85(m,2H),7.46(m,1H),8.11(s,3H),8.87(s,1H),8.96(s,1H),9.13(m,1H),9.61(s,1H)。m/z448(MH+)。
实施例11
(S)-2-(3,4-二羟基-苯基)-1-[(S)-2-(4-羟基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基氨甲酰基]-乙基-铵;(1S,4R)-2-氧代-双环[2.2.1]-庚烷-1-磺酸酯
将(S)-2-[(S)-2-苄氧基羰基氨基-3-(3,4-双苄氧基-苯基)-丙酰氨基]-3-(4-苄氧基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-丙酸甲酯(10.0克,11.7毫摩尔),10%碳载钯(湿)(500毫克),(1R)-(-)-10-樟脑磺酸(2.76克,11.9毫摩尔)和无水甲醇(100毫升)加入带有磁力搅拌棒的200毫升玻璃高压釜中。用氮气吹扫容器,然后加入6巴氢气,将悬浮液在室温下快速搅拌。1小时后,容器内压力降至2巴,再在容器中加入7巴氢气,继续搅拌。总共18小时后,用玻璃微纤维滤纸(GF/F级)过滤混合物,滤液快速减压蒸发(采用1升的蒸发烧瓶,45℃的水浴中全速旋转)。10分钟后形成固体泡沫,用旋转蒸发仪打碎并在45℃干燥2小时。得到自由流动的白色固体(S)-2-(3,4-二羟基-苯基)-1-[(S)-2-(4-羟基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基氨甲酰基]-乙基-铵;(1S,4R)-2-氧代-双环[2.2.1]-庚烷-1-磺酸酯(8.0克)。1H NMR(400MHz,d6-DMSO)0.75(s,3H),1.03(s,3H),1.27(m,2H),1.86(m,1H),1.94(t,1H),2.24(m,1H),2.64(m,3H),2.69-2.76(m,2H),2.73(m,1H),2.81-2.97(m,3H),3.64(s,3H),3.86(m,1H),4.49(m,1H),6.49(m,1H),6.67(m,2H),6.79-6.83(m,3H),7.45(m,1H),7.77(br,3H),8.85(m,1H),8.87(s,1H),8.79(2,1H),9.38(s,1H)。HPLC保留时间8.70分钟。
实施例12
(S)-1-[(S)-2-(4-乙酰氧基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基-氨甲酰基]-2-(3,4-二羟基-苯基)-乙基-三氟乙酸铵
步骤1
(S)-2-(4-乙酰氧基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基-氯化铵
将(S)-2-(4-羟基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基乙基氯化铵(1.68克,6.26mM)溶解于乙酸(25毫升)。在反应混合物中鼓吹HCl(气体)5分钟,然后逐滴加入乙酰氯(4.45毫升,62.6mM)。在室温下搅拌该反应混合物2小时。将混合物浓缩至其初始反应体积的大约一半。加入二乙醚,得到固体。蒸发溶剂,残留物用二乙醚研磨。过滤收集产物,真空下干燥至恒重,得到固体(S)-2-(4-乙酰氧基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基-氯化铵,1.55克。1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=2.23(s,3H),2.65(d,J=4.6Hz,3H),3.08-3.11(m,J=14.35Hz,7.1Hz,1H),3.14-3.17(m,J=14.15Hz,5.9Hz,1H),3.68(s,3H),4.28(t,1H,CH),7.10-7.17(m,3H),7.70(q,J=4.55Hz,1H),8.59(s,3H)。HPLC/MS(方法A)保留时间2.85分钟,m/z311(MH+)。
步骤2
(S)-3-(4-乙酰氧基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基苯基)-2-[(S)-2-苄氧基羰基氨基-3-(3,4-双苄氧基苯基)-丙酰氨基]-丙酸甲酯
将(S)-2-(4-乙酰氧基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基-苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基-乙基-氯化铵(3.13克,9.03mM),(S)-2-苄氧基羰基氨基-3-(3,4-双苄氧基-苯基)-丙酸(4.62克,9.03mM)和EDCI(2.07克,10.83mM)溶解于DMF(25毫升)中。加入二-异丙基乙胺(2.43克,3.28毫升,18.83mM),将该反应混合物在室温下搅拌4小时。加入乙酸乙酯(200毫升),混合物用水洗涤(3×250毫升)。将有机层干燥(MgSO4),过滤并蒸发至干,得到褐色固体(6.93克)。粗产物在硅胶上进行柱色谱纯化,用CH2Cl2/EtOAc(梯度从100%CH2Cl2到CH2Cl2/乙酸乙酯(从0%乙酸乙酯到7∶3)洗脱,得到白色固体(S)-3-(4-乙酰氧基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基苯基)-2-[(S)-2-苄氧基羰基氨基-3-(3,4-双苄氧基苯基)-丙酰氨基]-丙酸甲酯,4.57克。1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ=2.23(s,3H),2.69(sbr,3H),2.87(sbr,1H),2.95(dd,J=13.95Hz,6.50Hz,1H),3.02(dd,J=14.1Hz,5.70Hz,1H),3.11(dd,J=13.9Hz,5.50Hz,1H),3.33(s,3H),4.43-4.44(m,1H),4.84-4.85(m,1H),5.00-5.08(m,6H),5.79(d,J=7.25Hz,1H),6.49(d,J=6.85Hz,1H),6.73(dd,J=8.25Hz,1.75Hz,1H),6.80-6.82(m,J=8.2,4H),6.98-7.00(m,1H),7.27-7.35(m,12H),7.41-7.42(m,4H)。HPLC/MS(方法A)保留时间7.14分钟,m/z 805(MH+)。
步骤3
(S)-1-[(S)-2-(4-乙酰氧基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基乙基-氨甲酰基]-2-(3,4-二羟基苯基)乙基三氟乙酸铵
在圆底烧瓶中加入(S)-3-(4-乙酰氧基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基苯基)-2-[(S)-2-苄氧基羰基氨基-3-(3,4-双苄氧基苯基)-丙酰氨基]-丙酸甲酯(1.00克,1.24mM)和二噁烷/甲醇[3∶1](40毫升),得到混浊溶液。用氮气吹扫该混合物,逐滴加入10%Pd/C(250毫克),然后是TFA(213毫克,0.147毫升,1.86mM)。用氢气吹扫烧瓶,用氢气气囊密封。将反应液在室温下进行搅拌并通过LCMS监测。3小时后,过滤去除催化剂,用甲醇(2×10毫升)洗涤。合并的滤液真空浓缩(水浴温度30℃),得到无色油。用二乙醚研磨该油,得到白色固体。倾析上清液,用二乙醚重复研磨。所得白色固体在30℃真空干燥至恒重,得到可自由流动的白色粉末(S)-1-[(S)-2-(4-乙酰氧基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基苯基)-1-甲氧基羰基乙基氨甲酰基]-2-(3,4-二羟基苯基)乙基三氟乙酸铵,719毫克。1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=2.22(s,3H),2.65(d,J=4.6Hz,3H),2.67-2.73(m,1H),2.94-2.98(m,2H),3.08(dd,J=14.15Hz,5.55Hz,1H),3.64(s,3H),3.90(sbr,1H),4.55-4.58(m,1H),6.51(dd,J=8.05Hz,1.95Hz,1H),6.66-6.68(m,2H),7.09(dd,J=8.25Hz,1.95Hz,1H),7.11-7.15(m,2H),7.71(q,J=4.55Hz,1H),7.99(br,3H),8.81(sbr,1H),8.90(sbr,1H),8.97(d,J=7.65,1H)。HPLC/MS(方法A)保留时间3.20分钟,m/z 490(MH+)。
实施例13
(S)-1-[(S)-1-氨甲酰基-2-(4-羟基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基苯基)-乙基氨甲酰基]-2-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-乙基氯化铵
根据方案1所示途径制备(S)-1-[(S)-1-氨甲酰基-2-(4-羟基-3-甲基氨甲酰氧基苯基)-乙基氨甲酰基]-2-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-乙基氯化铵,得到无色固体0.111克。1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=2.64(d,J=4.6Hz,3H),2.63-2.76(m,1H),2.89-3.07(m,3H),3.87(m,1H),4.38-4.43(m,1H),6.51-6-94(m,6H),7.14(m,1H),7.43-7.56(m,2H),7.98(b,3H),8.73-8.92(m,3H),9.45(s,1H)。MS m/z 433(MH+)。
生物学结果
A.药代动力学分析
药代动力学给药方案
采用纯真雄性Wistar大鼠(体重=250-500克)进行药代动力学研究。动物禁食过夜。将感兴趣化合物溶解在0.9%盐水中,平行给予分子量等效剂量相当于12.5毫克/千克L-多巴的苄丝肼(10毫克/千克)。通过位于侧尾静脉中的蝴蝶针取血,将血样收集到含有肝素作为抗凝剂的样品管中。将血样在5000rpm离心10分钟;去除上清液血浆,并在-80℃保存。
制备样品和标准溶液
在20%TFA,10mM焦亚硫酸钠和DMSO中分别制备10mM L-多巴和华法林的储液。
标准曲线和质量控制(QC)样品的制备如下:在对照大鼠血浆中掺入L-多巴直至50μM的最初浓度。在大鼠血浆中制备该溶液的系列稀释品,得到含25,6.25,3.125,1.56,0.78和0.39μM L-多巴的溶液。
将一个体积的样品血浆、标准和QC样品血浆从每个样品小瓶转移到96孔板中。通过以下方法从血浆提取化合物:加入一个体积含0.5μM内标华法林的20%TFA在10mM焦亚硫酸钠中的溶液。涡旋混合样品,在4500rpm离心4分钟以沉淀血浆蛋白。每孔中加入一个体积的水,使蛋白颗粒重新悬浮。再次涡旋混合样品,并在4500rpm离心9分钟以沉淀血浆蛋白。
如下所示分析上清液。
LC-MS/MS分析
LC-MS/MS体系包括:Agilent 1100系列的梯度HPLC泵(加利福尼亚州帕洛阿尔托的安捷仑科技公司(Agilent Technologies,Palo Alto,CA)),CTCHTS PAL自动进样器(瑞士茨威格的CTC分析公司(CTC Analytics,Zwingen,Switzerland))和配有涡轮离子喷射接口的应用生物系统/MDS SciexAPI 3000三联四极质谱仪(加利福尼亚州福斯特城的应用生物系统公司(Applied Biosystems,Foster City,CA)),并在阳性电喷射模式下运行。利用Phenomenex Sphereclone ODS 2柱(150×4.6mm,3μm,加利福尼亚州托兰斯的芬诺美公司(Phenomenex,Torrance,CA)),通过反相HPLC分离孵育混合物中的分析物。采用以下梯度洗脱程序:流速1毫升/分钟,流动相包括乙腈/0.1%甲酸(5体积%)在水/0.1%甲酸中,洗脱1.5分钟,然后在0.5分钟内将乙腈浓度提高至95%,在95%保持4分钟,然后恢复至5%保持剩余的2分钟。注射体积为20微升。将大约10%的洗脱液引入质谱源。质谱仪的源温度维持在450℃,并在分析当天优化其他源参数(例如,碰撞能量,解离电位,幕状气压等)以实现最大灵敏度。通过分别监测m/z=198.075/152.1和m/z=369.069/163的转变来定量测定L-多巴和华法林。
采用WinNonlin软件(v 5.2专业版,加利福尼亚州芒廷维尤的法赛基团公司(Pharsight corporation,Mountain View,California))对各个动物概况进行非房室分析,以确定曲线下面积(AUC)。数值记录为均值+/-标准差。
在上述试验中,所有实施例的本发明化合物在体内以各种程度和在各个时间段内转化为L-多巴。
B.在6-0HDA-受损大鼠中评价活性
动物:雄性Wistar大鼠,到达时200-225克,哈林有限公司(HarlanLtd)。
饲养:根据动物(科学实践)法案1996内政部规章(Home Officeregulations),将动物每4只一组以12小时白天/晚上循环,在环境湿度50%,温度21±2℃下进行饲养。大鼠自由进食和饮水。
许可:本试验中采用的所有动物均根据UK 1986动物(科学实践发案)进行处理。
方法
外科手术在诱导室中用异氟烷(1-2%在95%O2,5%CO2载气中)麻醉雄性Wistar大鼠,置于Kopf立体定位架上,用0.5-1.0%异氟烷维持麻醉。在透皮处制备切口,并在坐标AP:-2.6mm,L:+2.0mm(所有坐标从前囟点测量)处在颅骨中制备直径0.8-毫米的洞。利用10-μL汉密尔顿(Hamilton)注射器将神经毒素6-羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA)(8μg游离碱在4μL含0.05%抗坏血酸的0.9%盐水中)在4分钟内以恒定速率(1微升/分钟)注入左侧前脑内侧束,深入硬膜下-8毫米处。针头再在原位保持4分钟,然后取出,清洁伤口并缝合。给予卡洛芬(5毫克/千克,皮下)以缓解疼痛,并且从麻醉状态复苏之前给予5%葡萄糖的0.9%盐水溶液(最高达5毫升,ip)进行再水合处理。
行为学评价
证实损伤
手术后至少2周,检查动物响应阿扑吗啡盐酸盐(0.5毫克/千克,s.c.,在含有0.05%抗坏血酸的0.9%盐水中)给药的旋转行为(参见以下内容),以评价损伤程度。只对峰值活性>6圈/分钟的那些大鼠进行后续研究。
评价测试化合物对旋转行为的诱导作用
给予阿扑吗啡后至少1周,用测试药物或L-多巴测定大鼠(每种处理n=4-8)的旋转活性。给药通过腹膜内(ip)途径或通过强饲口服(po)进行。将动物置于旋转测定仪(联合医学公司(Med Associates))上最长达30分钟以测定基础活性。然后平行给予苄丝肼(10毫克/千克)和测试化合物或L-多巴(63.4微摩尔/千克,ip或po)进行处理。评价给予测试药物/L-多巴最长达6小时的旋转行为。出于比较目的,常常用一系列化合物处理动物。每次处理至少相隔1天。
数据分析
测定6小时内每10分钟测得的旋转次数。如果每10分钟的次数>10圈则认为动物活跃。由这些数据测得以下参数:
A总的活性(AUC活性,其中AUC=运动活性/时间曲线下面积)
B峰值活性
C活性持续时间
数值表示为L-多巴产生效果的百分比。
例如,口服给予上述实施例8的化合物后,与基线相比运动活性提高,AUC(运动活性)为每220分钟928(±161)圈,峰值运动活性为每10分钟92(±20)圈,运动活性持续时间为142(±7)分钟。
Claims (13)
1.一种式(I)或式(II)的取代的苯丙氨酸,或其盐
式中:
R1是羧基、羧基酯或羧酰胺基;
R2是-C(=O)-NR3R4或-S(=O)2-NR3R4;
R3和R4独立地选自氢、任选取代的C1-C6烷基和(C1-C5氟代烷基)-CH2-;或者R3和R4与它们所连接的氮原子一起形成任选取代的3-8个环原子的非芳香性杂环,所述非芳香性杂环选自吡咯烷基环、哌啶基环、哌嗪基环或吗啉基环;
R5是氢,或式-C(=O)C(R8)(R9)NH2的α氨基酸残基,其中R8和R9独立地是
(a)氢;或
(b)天然氨基酸的侧链,或
(c)任选取代的C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C2-C4烯基、C2-C4烯氧基或C2-C4炔基,或
(d)-CH2XCH3、-CH2CH2XCH3或-CH2XCH2CH3,其中X是–O-、S或–NR10,其中R10是氢、甲基或乙基;或
(e)-CH2Q或CH2OQ,其中Q是任选取代的苯基;或者
R8和R9与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成3-8个环原子的任选取代的环烷基环,所述环烷基环选自环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基环;
R6是氢或R7C(=O)-;和
R7是C1-C6烷基、C1-C6氟代烷基或环丙基,
其中,任选的取代基选自:三氟甲基、甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、卤素、氰基、羟基、巯基、氧代、-NH2、-NHRA和-NRARB,其中RA和RB独立地是甲基或乙基。
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,R6是氢或CH3C(=O)-。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的化合物,其特征在于,R2是-C(=O)-NR3R4,R3和R4中的一个是氢,另一个是C1-C3烷基。
4.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的化合物,其特征在于,R1是式-COORC的羧基酯基,其中RC是C1-C6烷基。
5.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的化合物,其特征在于,R1是-CONH2。
6.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的化合物,其特征在于,R5是氢。
7.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,R8和R9中的一个是甲基。
8.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,R8和R9各自是甲基。
10.如权利要求9的化合物,其特征在于,R11和R12各自是氢。
12.如权利要求11所述的化合物,其特征在于,R14、R15和R16各自是甲基。
13.一种药物组合物,其包含如前述权利要求中任一项所述的化合物以及药学上可接受的载体。
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GB0713189.9 | 2007-07-06 | ||
GBGB0713189.9A GB0713189D0 (en) | 2007-07-06 | 2007-07-06 | Amino acid derivatives |
PCT/GB2008/002313 WO2009007696A1 (en) | 2007-07-06 | 2008-07-04 | Amino acid derivatives |
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CN113197851A (zh) | 2015-05-06 | 2021-08-03 | 辛纳吉勒公司 | 包含药物粒子的药用悬浮液、用于其配给的装置、以及其使用方法 |
EP3344239A4 (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2019-05-22 | Cellixbio Private Limited | COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE |
CN111868071B (zh) | 2018-02-08 | 2024-03-26 | 耶路撒冷希伯来大学伊森姆研究发展有限公司 | 新型多巴胺前体 |
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Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3859331A (en) * | 1970-10-30 | 1975-01-07 | Hoffmann La Roche | Dopa derivatives |
US5013753A (en) * | 1988-07-29 | 1991-05-07 | Simes | Prodrugs of dopamine |
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JPS5422337A (en) * | 1977-07-18 | 1979-02-20 | Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co Ltd | Alphamethyldopa derivatives |
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2007
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2008
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- 2008-07-04 EP EP08775861A patent/EP2176217B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-07-04 CN CN200880023320.1A patent/CN101730678B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3859331A (en) * | 1970-10-30 | 1975-01-07 | Hoffmann La Roche | Dopa derivatives |
US5013753A (en) * | 1988-07-29 | 1991-05-07 | Simes | Prodrugs of dopamine |
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NZ583075A (en) | 2011-08-26 |
EP2176217A1 (en) | 2010-04-21 |
GB0713189D0 (en) | 2007-08-15 |
BRPI0814800A2 (pt) | 2015-02-03 |
US8258097B2 (en) | 2012-09-04 |
CN101730678A (zh) | 2010-06-09 |
AU2008273923A1 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
WO2009007696A1 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
JP2010532751A (ja) | 2010-10-14 |
JP5422557B2 (ja) | 2014-02-19 |
CA2692608A1 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
US20100190725A1 (en) | 2010-07-29 |
EP2176217B1 (en) | 2012-08-22 |
MX2010000150A (es) | 2010-03-18 |
AU2008273923B2 (en) | 2013-07-11 |
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