CN101718642A - Method and device for monitoring rainfall runoff pollution of expressway pavements - Google Patents
Method and device for monitoring rainfall runoff pollution of expressway pavements Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for monitoring the rainfall runoff pollution of expressway pavements. The method comprises the following steps of: based on the flow measurement principle of an open channel, arranging a water measurement weir trough at a runoff discharge opening of an expressway pavement to draw shallow waterflow on the pavement into the water measurement weir trough to form steady open channel waterflow; arranging an ultrasonic flow sensor above the water measurement weir trough, and measuring the water level height in the water measurement weir trough in a non-contact mode to form a water level signal; transferring the water level signal to an automatic water quality sampler, and realizing the conversion and flow calculation of the water level signal of the weir trough as well as the display and the storage thereof by the water quality sampler; and utilizing a built-in peristaltic pump and a program control function of the water quality sampler to finish the time sampling of the runoff at the same time so as to successfully realize the real-time continuous monitoring and automatic monitoring of rainfall runoff pollution of the rainfall-runoff whole process of the expressway pavements.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to non-point pollution and Water Pollution Monitoring technical field, be specifically related to a kind of monitoring method and device of rainfall runoff pollution of expressway pavements.
Background technology
Rainfall runoff pollution of expressway pavements belongs to the non-point pollution category.The non-point pollution monitoring is the element task of carrying out Study of Non Point Source and improvement.But because non-point pollution does not have fixing floss hole, monitoring is a thing rather time-consuming, effort always.
Pollution monitoring for water systems such as river, open channel, lake and pipelines, all can realize monitoring in real time or monitoring automatically at present both at home and abroad, monitoring method than standard is arranged, as long as corresponding flowmeter, water level gauge or current meter and water quality sensor etc. are installed at the water export place, can the continuous monitoring water yield and water quality.
The express highway pavement runoff generally blocks the water band by curb and compiles the back by discharge opening and chute discharge, or adopts and drain in the mode of the horizontal cross flow of side slope of embankment.The research pavement runoff pollutes, and need monitor water discharge and pollutant levels at discharge opening.Monitoring method often need adopt the timing sampling method, changes in runoff and timing sampling in the record rainfall are measured runoff water quality, wherein optimal method is should be able to METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS DETERMINATION and the rainfall runoff time of writing down rainfall, flow and corresponding pollutant instantaneous concentration, i.e. real-time continuous monitoring system or automated watch-keeping facility.
Different behind the discharge opening because express highway pavement is directly flowed through with the streamflow regime of river or open channel, be difficult to realize automatic monitoring.Even the personal monitoring often also needs to adopt as the case may be diverse ways or device, operation is difficult to unified standard, and is also more loaded down with trivial details, also has deficiencies such as data on flows can not be stored automatically, sampling interval can not accurately be controlled.About adopting the report of automated monitor research highway pavement runoff, be confined to the difference of region, national conditions and highway abroad, be difficult in domestic reference, promotion and application.
Lack a kind of adapt to real-time continuous monitoring wide, that the simple method and apparatus of working specification carries out rainfall runoff pollution of expressway pavements and monitoring automatically at present.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the real-time continuous monitoring of road surface rainfall runoff pollution and the deficiency of automatic monitoring technical, a kind of method that is used for express highway pavement runoff discharge opening continuous monitoring record run-off and energy timing sampling is provided, can obtain corresponding data on flows and water quality data by the inventive method, be used to study generation that pavement runoff pollutes, move, compile process and blowdown rule thereof etc.
Another object of the present invention provides the device of realizing described method.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved by following technical proposals:
A kind of monitoring method of rainfall runoff pollution of expressway pavements is provided, may further comprise the steps:
(1) utilizes weir slot, the pavement shallow current are introduced weir slot, form stable open-channel flow at express highway pavement runoff discharge opening;
(2) ultrasonic flow sensor is installed in the weir slot top, utilizes ultrasound wave, with the height of water level in the non-contact mode measuring weir slot;
(3) flow sensor sends weir notch height of water level signal to automatic water quality sampler, realizes the conversion of weir notch water level signal, flow rate calculation and demonstration and storage by water-quality sampler;
(4) automatic water quality sampler is finished the timing sampling of runoff by sampling routine.
The present invention provides a kind of device of realizing said method simultaneously, comprise weir slot, fixed support, ultrasonic flow sensor and automatic water quality sampler, described weir slot is installed on express highway pavement runoff discharge opening, and described fixed support is fixed in weir slot and is provided with for the top that ultrasonic flow sensor is installed in the weir slot top; Ultrasonic flow sensor is installed on the fixed support top, and the connection lead and the automatic water quality sampler interface of ultrasonic flow sensor join, and automatic water quality sampler places near the smooth place of weir slot.
Described weir slot is a cube, and the one side that makes progress is uncovered, comprises cell body and is arranged at the interior weir plate of cell body; Cell body one end is the upstream notch, contacts with the highway discharge opening; The other end is a water delivering orifice, and current are flowed into through weir plate and water delivering orifice by the upstream notch and flow out; Described weir plate is the triangle weir plate.
The type selecting of described weir slot mainly with the size of situ flow weight range and reduce construction volume as far as possible, the minimizing cost is a principle.The present invention is according to the Drainage Design and the concrete road conditions of highway surface water, preferred triangular-notch weir, especially 60 ° of triangular-notch weirs.
Described 60 ° of triangular-notch weirs are made of corrosion resistant plate, and specification is pressed " weir notch flow measurement standard " (SL24-91), and design according to express highway pavement runoff discharge opening form.
The preferred rectangular parallelepiped of described cell body.The present invention includes 2 kinds of designs, a kind of is that the upstream notch of cell body is an open type, and another kind is that weir notch cell body lengthening and upstream notch are seal type.
The triangle weir notch is installed in express highway pavement runoff discharge opening.According to the discharge opening form, two kinds of mounting meanss are arranged, a kind of is to be directly installed on the open type discharge opening, adopting the upstream notch is the triangle weir notch of open type; Another kind is mounted in downpipe (vertical drainage pipe) effluent pipe mouth, and adopting flute length lengthening and upstream notch is the triangle weir notch of seal type.At the open type discharge opening, triangle weir notch level is placed the trench drain, weir notch water inlet and discharge opening vertical connection.If there is the gradient in the trench drain, can adopt fragment of brick or steel to be trimmed to a horizontal stand platform, be used to place weir notch.The weir notch water inlet is close to discharge opening, and with discharge opening sidewall close proximity.For guaranteeing that runoff all imports weir notch, weir notch water inlet and discharge opening seam crossing adopt the encapsulant jam-pack, in case leak; In the downpipe freeing port, triangle weir notch level is placed the mouth of pipe below of falling into water, the mouth of pipe is positioned at the weir notch upstream port, and stretches into slightly in the weir notch, all enters weir notch and forms current more stably to guarantee the downpipe draining.
Described fixed support is made of corrosion resistant plate, and the present invention preferably is provided with two feets and the fixed support of a top cross-bar being supported by two feets.2 apertures are respectively bored at two ends, the feet of support bottom, are fixed on weir slot both sides cell wall with screw, and the aperture is a bit larger tham the fixing screw of using, so that at the height of correcting sensor level value adjustable support during zero point.Prop up top of the trellis and install and fix ultrasonic flow sensor.
Described ultrasonic flow sensor is selected the special-purpose assorted ultrasonic flow sensor of automatic water quality sampler for use, is combined into the measuring ultrasonic wave flow system with automatic water quality sampler.
Described automatic water quality sampler: select Portable Automatic water-quality sampler for use.Have multiple model optional in the market, the basic function of sampling thief requires as follows:
(1) built-in peristaltic pump: be used to gather water sample.
(2) flow measurement disposal system: can receive and handle the weir notch water level information that ultrasonic flow sensor transmits, the special-purpose ultrasonic flow sensor with being equipped with is combined into Flow Measuring System.
(3) software function: possess sampling routine, flow metering program and data presentation/memory function.Wherein sampling routine is provided with sample mode control, freely choose automatic sampling (sampling routine by establishment is in advance finished sampling action automatically), manually sampling (the interim setting finished a sampling action) or stochastic sampling (Direct Sampling is not set), mixed sample when choosing as required etc. (time control sampling) or equal proportion are mixed sampling (flow control sampling), and sampling quantity and sample number.The flow metering program is provided with flow rate calculation, and the weir notch water level is converted into data on flows by the flow rate calculation formula.According to weir notch flow measurement standard (SL24-9), triangular-notch weir flow rate calculation formula is:
In the formula, Q is a flow, m
3/ s; C
DBe coefficient of flow; h
eBe available head, h
e=h+K
h, m; K
hFor considering the corrected value of viscous force and surface tension combined influence, m.According to C
DAnd K
hWith the graph of a relation at crest of weir angle, calculate 60 ° of triangular-notch weirs and get 0.577 and 0.0012m respectively.Therefore, following formula can be reduced to:
Q＝786.578(h-0.0012)
2.5
Represent with general formula:
Q＝Ch
2.5
In the formula, Q is a flow, L/s; C is a coefficient of flow, and h is a head height, m.
(4) demonstration/storage and I/O function: write down and store each sampling time, instantaneous delivery and integrated flux data respectively automatically, and check by display screen, or by the special purpose interface printout.
(5) power supply: internal battery, so that carry.
The principle that the present invention measures according to open channel flow rate is utilized weir slot, at express highway pavement runoff discharge opening the pavement shallow current is introduced weir slot, forms stable open-channel flow.Ultrasonic flow sensor is installed above weir slot then, is utilized ultrasound wave, with the height of water level in the non-contact mode measuring weir slot (head height).Owing to flow through the flow of weir notch and the water level (or head) on this weir notch is single valued relation, water level (or head) value of measuring can be scaled flow value by corresponding flow formula.Therefore, by automatic water quality sampler commonly used at present, the weir notch water level signal that flow sensor is sent is sent to automatic water quality sampler, realizes the conversion of weir notch water level signal, flow rate calculation and demonstration and storage by water-quality sampler at last.Utilize built-in peristaltic pump of water-quality sampler and programmed control function simultaneously, finish the automatic sampling of runoff.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) the present invention adopts appropriate methods, and the shallow-layer current of express highway pavement runoff discharge opening are formed stable open-channel flow, realizes the real-time continuous monitoring and the monitoring automatically of rainfall runoff pollution of expressway pavements.
(2) weir slot of the present invention's design is simple in structure, and adaptability is strong.The composite set that weir slot and ultrasonic flow sensor and automatic water quality sampler form, utilize the flow measurement principle of weir slot, the flow measurement function of ultrasonic flow sensor and the processing capacity of automatic water quality sampler plug-in, collection three's advantage has solved the METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS DETERMINATION of the express highway pavement shallow-layer water flow that is different from open-channel flow and the timing acquiring of runoff water sample.
(3) the present invention can be used for measuring the run-off and the runoff water concentration of rainfall of express highway pavement runoff water delivering orifice-runoff overall process, realizes the collection of the METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS DETERMINATION of a rainfall-runoff overall process pavement runoff water discharge and record, arbitrary time runoff water quality sample.
(4) use a rainfall-runoff overall process run-off data that the present invention obtains, the different period runoff water quality sample lab analysis data in conjunction with gathering can be used for drawing this rainfall-runoff overall process run-off and water concentration curve over time.The run-off of a rainfall-runoff overall process and water concentration data are the generation of studying the pavement runoff pollution, the important foundation data of moving, compile process and blowdown rule thereof etc.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 triangular-notch weir measuring principle figure
Fig. 2 triangular-notch weir measuring principle figure
Fig. 3 contrive equipment principle of work synoptic diagram
60 ° of triangular-notch weir board planes of Fig. 4 figure
60 ° of triangle weir notches of Fig. 5 notch open type stereographic map
60 ° of triangle weir notches of Fig. 6 notch seal type stereographic map
0 ° of triangle weir notch of Figure 76 vertical view
Fig. 8 ultrasonic flow sensor fixed support design specification synoptic diagram
Fig. 9 is at the scheme of installation of open type discharge opening
Figure 10 is at the scheme of installation of downpipe freeing port
The curve of output of Figure 11 pavement runoff and COD (monitoring time 19:53-22:08 on May 6th, 2006, rainfall duration 120min, rainfall amount 37.9mm)
The curve of output of Figure 12 pavement runoff and COD (monitoring time 17:01-18:00 on May 10th, 2006, rainfall duration 61min, rainfall amount 47mm)
The curve of output of Figure 13 pavement runoff and COD (monitoring time 12:37-15:28 on May 27th, 2006, rainfall duration 163min, rainfall amount 17.3mm)
The curve of output of Figure 14 pavement runoff and COD (monitoring time 10:53-12:28 on March 22nd, 2006, rainfall duration 95min, rainfall amount 6.7mm)
The curve of output of Figure 15 pavement runoff and COD (monitoring time 9:19-11:08 on July 15th, 2006, rainfall duration 110min, rainfall amount 28.6mm)
The curve of output of Figure 16 pavement runoff and COD (monitoring time 23:03-0:50 on July 26th, 2006, rainfall duration 120min, rainfall amount 27.2mm)
The curve of output of Figure 17 pavement runoff and COD (monitoring time 10:27-12:37 on April 6th, 2006, rainfall duration 70min, rainfall amount 18.5mm)
The curve of output of Figure 18 pavement runoff and COD (monitoring time 13:15-13:55 on May 2nd, 2006, rainfall duration 59min, rainfall amount 8.5mm)
The curve of output of Figure 19 pavement runoff and COD (monitoring time 18:06-20:32 on May 31st, 2006, rainfall duration 145min, rainfall amount 16.3mm)
Embodiment
Further describe the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.In embodiments of the present invention, by 5 years one chance 10min rainfall intensity 150mm/h, Shenzhen-Guangzhou superhighway highway section discharge openings was the size that example is calculated pavement runoff amount design weir slot, according to technical solution of the present invention and " weir notch flow measurement standard " (SL24-91), can carry out the design of weir slot at different highway rainfall situations.The embodiment of the invention focuses on illustrating that by embodiment the present invention utilizes the triangle weir notch that the shallow-layer current are formed stable open-channel flow at express highway pavement runoff discharge opening, realize real-time continuous monitoring and automatic monitoring method and the device and the Design of device method of rainfall runoff pollution of expressway pavements, do not limit scope of the present invention because of the described size of embodiment.
(1) design weir slot
Met 10min rainfall intensity 150mm/h by 5 years one, and be that example is calculated the pavement runoff amount with Shenzhen-Guangzhou superhighway highway section discharge opening, water catchment area is about 110m
2, drainage ratio gets 0.95, and then the pavement runoff amount is 15.6m
3/ h.In various weir notches, the flow measurement scope of 60 ° of triangle sharp-crested weirs is 1.08～15.6m
3/ h.Therefore, determine to adopt 60 ° of triangle sharp-crested weirs, see triangular-notch weir measuring principle figure shown in accompanying drawing 1 and the accompanying drawing 2.The weir body can adopt corrosion resistant plate to make, weir notch wide (B) 0.3m wherein, weir crest height (P) 0.1m, crest of weir height (the high h of maximum head
Max) 0.12m, crest of weir angle (θ) 60 °, crest of weir top wide (b) 0.14m.According to weir notch flow measurement standard, at B/b＜3, h
Max/ P＞1 o'clock, weir notch should be level and smooth rectangle.Therefore, this device triangle weir notch is designed to rectangle, groove width (B) 0.3m, groove height (H) 0.22m, flute length (L) and upstream slot degree of lip-rounding formula are decided according to the pavement runoff discharge opening, if discharge opening is an open type, then weir notch length is got 0.7m, and the upstream notch is an open type, sees shown in accompanying drawing 5 and the accompanying drawing 9; If discharge opening is the mouth of pipe that falls into water, then weir notch length is got 1.2m, and the upstream notch is a seal type, sees shown in accompanying drawing 6 and the accompanying drawing 10.The triangle weir plate directly is welded on the weir notch, and the triangle weir plate is apart from weir notch water delivering orifice 0.1m.Triangle weir notch structure and specification are seen shown in accompanying drawing 4～accompanying drawing 7.15 is the weir notch wall in accompanying drawing 5 and the accompanying drawing 6, and 16 is the triangle weir plate, and 17 is the upstream notch, and 18 is water inlet, and 19 is water delivering orifice.
(2) the triangle weir notch is installed: the triangle weir notch is installed in express highway pavement runoff discharge opening.According to the discharge opening form, two kinds of mounting meanss are arranged, a kind of is to be directly installed on the open type discharge opening, adopting flute length 0.7m, upstream notch is the triangle weir notch of open type; Another kind is mounted in downpipe (vertical drainage pipe) effluent pipe mouth, and adopting flute length 1.2m, upstream notch is the triangle weir notch of seal type.At the open type discharge opening, triangle weir notch level is placed the trench drain, weir notch water inlet and discharge opening vertical connection.If there is the gradient in the trench drain, use fragment of brick or steel and be trimmed to a horizontal stand platform, be used to place weir notch.The weir notch water inlet is close to discharge opening, and with discharge opening sidewall close proximity.For guaranteeing that runoff all imports weir notch, weir notch water inlet and discharge opening seam crossing should suitably adopt some encapsulant jam-packs, in case leak.In the downpipe freeing port, triangle weir notch level is placed the mouth of pipe below of falling into water, the mouth of pipe is positioned at weir notch upstream notch, and stretches into slightly in the weir notch, all enters weir notch and forms current more stably to guarantee the downpipe draining.
(3) instrument type selecting: the automatic water quality sampler in the monitoring device is selected BC-9600 (the general Grasp scientific and technological development of Gray Si of Beijing company) for use, and ultrasonic flow sensor is its matching component.Its important technological parameters is as follows: peristaltic pump pump line diameter 10mm, inhale journey 7.2m, flow 1.5～2.4L/min, sampling precision ± 10ml.The optional scope 3～9999min of sampling time interval, 1～9999 pulse of flow control sampling, sampling quantity 50～1000ml, mixed sample number 1～100.Can write down and store each sampling time and 256 groups of datas on flows automatically.The external special-purpose ultrasonic flow sensor of band special purpose interface.Power supply is built-in DC12V accumulator.The flow rate calculation formula is Q=820h
2.5(L/s), calibrate by instrument producer.
(4) instrument is installed: with fixed support ultrasonic flow sensor is installed in the top (head is measured section and triangle weir plate apart from satisfying 3～5 times of maximum heads) of triangle weir notch central authorities, and will connects lead and the sampling thief interface joins.Automatic water quality sampler places near the smooth place of triangle weir notch.
Described fixed support is made of corrosion resistant plate, and the present invention preferably is provided with two feets and the fixed support of a top cross-bar being supported by two feets, and its structure as shown in Figure 8.2 apertures 24 are respectively bored at the two ends, two feet 20 bottoms of support, are fixed on weir slot both sides cell wall with screw, and the aperture is a bit larger tham the fixing screw of using, so that at the height of correcting sensor level value adjustable support during zero point.Top of the trellis 21 is provided with and installs and fixes ultrasonic flow sensor position 22, fixed installation ultrasonic flow sensor 23.
Apparatus of the present invention principle of work synoptic diagram is seen shown in the accompanying drawing 3, installs and uses synoptic diagram and sees accompanying drawing 9 and accompanying drawing 10.1 is weir slot in the accompanying drawing 3, and 2 is ultrasonic flow sensor, and 3 is automatic water quality sampler, 4 expression ultrasound waves, 5 represent the transmission of output signal, and 6 is fixed support, 7 is peristaltic pump, and 8 is power supply and signal wire, and 9 is interface, 10 expression data on flows control samplings, 11 expression plug-ins, 12 is control panel, 13 is sampling bottle, adopt the water receiving sample and send the laboratory, 14 connect the runoff discharge opening; In the accompanying drawing 9,25 is highway, and 26 is the trench drain, and 27 is sampling pipe; 28 is overhead road surface in the accompanying drawing 10, and 29 is the pavement runoff discharge opening, and 30 is downpipe,
(5) pavement runoff monitoring: at the rainfall eve, open automatic water quality sampler, the follow procedure command request is imported 60 ° of pairing flow rate calculation parameters of formula of triangular-notch weir, and the liquid level zero point of calibrated flow meter (fine setting fixed support height); According to project, set sample mode and sampling interval.After rainfall begins, keep the automatic water quality sampler opening, monitor the flow through flow of triangle weir notch of whole field rainfall pavement runoff and finish until rainfall.During this time, gather the runoff water sample by predetermined sampling routine and send experimental determination water quality.
(6) pilot experiment: use apparatus of the present invention, in the administrative region of a city of Guangzhou, select the representative highway section of highway to carry out the experiment of field monitoring pilot.
1) the pilot experiment 1
Monitoring clicks in Guangzhou belt highway Beihuan section and Shenzhen-Guangzhou superhighway joint, runway from east to west, and the pavement runoff freeing port is the open type discharge opening, draining furrow width 0.4m, long 10m, about 40 ° of the gradient, the about 110m of water catchment area
2
Monitoring time: on May 6th, 2006, on May 10th, 2006, on May 27th, 2006.
Triangular-notch weir is installed in discharge opening, installs successively and be connected ultrasonic flow sensor and automatic water quality sampler, and input flow rate parameters of formula (C is 820, and n is 2.5) and calibrated flow measurement zero point.
Set the working routine parameter, each parameter is selected to see Table 1.
Table 1
| Program parameter | Sample mode | Sampling time interval (min) | Sampling quantity (ml) | Sampling number | Sampling pipe range (m) |
| Input value | Time control | ??5～20 | ??1000 | ??6～8 | ??0.2 |
After rainfall begins, open automatic water quality sampler and monitor, continue to runoff and finish.Sampling thief is pressed the run-off of the automatic recorded stream in interval of 0.5～1min through triangular-notch weir, and (5～20min) gather the runoff water samples at interval to press certain hour.Water sample lab analysis project comprises suspension, organic contaminant, heavy metal, petroleum-type and nitrogen phosphorus etc.Draw the output procedure line of a rainfall pavement runoff and pollutant with data on flows and water sample analysis data.Accompanying drawing 11～accompanying drawing 13 is respectively the curve of output (pollutant is example with COD) of described 3 rainfall pavement runoffs and pollutant thereof.
2) the pilot experiment 2
Monitoring site is in wide Shan radioactive ray of Guangzhou inner ring road and highway section, joint, Yan Ling road, the water catchment area is an overpass by track northeastward, southwest, the pavement runoff discharge opening is the downpipe form, and downpipe connects the municipal drainage pipeline at the bottom of bridge floor is vertically guided bridge into, the about 135m of water catchment area
2
Monitoring time: on March 22nd, 2006, on July 15th, 2006, on July 26th, 2006
Triangular-notch weir is installed in downpipe water delivering orifice at the bottom of the overhead road bridge, installs successively and be connected ultrasonic flow sensor and automatic water quality sampler, and input flow rate parameters of formula (C is 820, and n is 2.5) and calibrated flow measurement zero point.Set the working routine parameter, each parameter is selected to see Table 2.
Table 2
| Program parameter | Sample mode | Sampling time interval (min) | Sampling quantity (ml) | Sampling number | Sampling pipe range (m) |
| Input value | Time control | ??5～20 | ??1000 | ??6～8 | ??0.2 |
After rainfall begins, open the automatic water quality sampler monitoring, finish to runoff.Sampling thief is pressed the run-off of the automatic recorded stream in interval of 0.5～1min through triangular-notch weir, and (5～20min) gather the runoff water samples at interval to press certain hour.Water sample lab analysis project comprises 15 in suspension, organic contaminant, heavy metal, petroleum-type and nitrogen phosphorus etc.Output procedure with data on flows and rainfall pavement runoff of water sample analysis data drafting and pollutant.Accompanying drawing 14～accompanying drawing 16 is respectively the curve of output (pollutant is example with COD) of described 3 rainfall pavement runoffs and pollutant thereof.
3) the pilot experiment 3
Monitoring site is quick main line second phase and the Jingzhu express way highway highway section that joins in south China, Guangzhou.The water catchment area is a land overpass runway from south to north, and the pavement runoff freeing port is the downpipe form, and pavement runoff is the weeds hillside fields under the in line overpass of downpipe, the about 115m of water catchment area
2
Monitoring time: on April 6th, 2006, on May 2nd, 2006, on May 31st, 2006.
Triangular-notch weir is installed in the downpipe mouth of pipe at the bottom of the overhead road bridge, installs successively and be connected ultrasonic flow sensor and automatic water quality sampler, and input flow rate parameters of formula (C is 820, and n is 2.5) and calibrated flow measurement zero point.Set the working routine parameter, each parameter is selected to see Table 3.
Table 3
| Program parameter | Sample mode | Sampling time interval (min) | Sampling quantity (ml) | Sampling number | Sampling pipe range (m) |
| Input value | Time control | ??5～20 | ??1000 | ??6～8 | ??0.2 |
After rainfall begins, open the automatic water quality sampler monitoring, finish to runoff.Sampling thief is pressed the run-off of the automatic recorded stream in interval of 0.5～1min through triangular-notch weir, and (5～20min) gather the runoff water samples at interval to press certain hour.Water sample lab analysis project comprises 15 in suspension, organic contaminant, heavy metal, petroleum-type and nitrogen phosphorus etc.Output procedure with data on flows and rainfall pavement runoff of water sample analysis data drafting and pollutant.Accompanying drawing 17～accompanying drawing 19 is respectively the curve of output (pollutant is example with COD) of described 3 rainfall pavement runoffs and pollutant thereof.
Claims (9)
1. the monitoring method of a rainfall runoff pollution of expressway pavements is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) at express highway pavement runoff discharge opening weir slot is installed, the pavement shallow current are introduced weir slot, form stable open-channel flow;
(2) ultrasonic flow sensor is installed in the weir slot top, utilizes ultrasound wave, with the height of water level in the non-contact mode measuring weir slot;
(3) flow sensor sends weir notch height of water level signal to automatic water quality sampler, realizes the conversion of weir notch water level signal, flow rate calculation and demonstration and storage by water-quality sampler;
(4) automatic water quality sampler is finished the timing sampling of runoff by sampling routine, and sample send lab analysis.
2. the monitoring method of rainfall runoff pollution of expressway pavements according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the described weir slot of step (1) is installed on the open type discharge opening, the weir slot level is placed the trench drain, weir notch water inlet and discharge opening vertical connection, the weir notch water inlet is close to discharge opening, and with discharge opening sidewall close proximity; Described weir notch water inlet and discharge opening seam crossing adopt encapsulant to carry out the leakproof water treatment.
3. the monitoring method of rainfall runoff pollution of expressway pavements according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the described weir slot of step (1) is installed in the downpipe freeing port, the weir slot level is placed the mouth of pipe below of falling into water, and the mouth of pipe is positioned at the weir notch upstream port, and stretches in the weir notch slightly.
4. a device of realizing the described method of claim 1 is characterized in that comprising weir slot, fixed support, ultrasonic flow sensor and automatic water quality sampler; Described weir slot is installed on express highway pavement runoff discharge opening, and described fixed support is fixed in weir slot and is provided with for the top that ultrasonic flow sensor is installed in the weir slot top; Ultrasonic flow sensor is installed on the fixed support top, and the connection lead and the automatic water quality sampler interface of ultrasonic flow sensor join.
5. device according to claim 4 is characterized in that described weir slot is uncovered cube, comprises cell body and is arranged at the interior weir plate of cell body; Cell body one end is the upstream notch, contacts with the highway discharge opening; The other end is a water delivering orifice, and current are flowed into through weir plate and water delivering orifice by the upstream notch and flow out; Described weir plate is the triangle weir plate.
6. device according to claim 5 is characterized in that described triangle weir plate is 60 ° of triangle weir plates; Described cell body is a rectangular parallelepiped; Described upstream notch is an open type.
7. device according to claim 5 is characterized in that described weir slot cell body lengthening; Described upstream notch is a seal type.
8. device according to claim 4 is characterized in that the top cross-bar that described fixed support is provided with two feets and is supported by two feets.
9. device according to claim 8 is characterized in that respectively boring 2 apertures bottom the described feet, is fixed on weir slot both sides cell wall with screw, and the fixed position is adjustable up and down.
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| CN2009101937152A CN101718642B (en) | 2009-11-06 | 2009-11-06 | Method and device for monitoring rainfall runoff pollution of expressway pavements |
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