CN101705324A - Process for smelting ferro-nickel by using nickel oxide minerals and smelting device - Google Patents
Process for smelting ferro-nickel by using nickel oxide minerals and smelting device Download PDFInfo
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- CN101705324A CN101705324A CN200910226350A CN200910226350A CN101705324A CN 101705324 A CN101705324 A CN 101705324A CN 200910226350 A CN200910226350 A CN 200910226350A CN 200910226350 A CN200910226350 A CN 200910226350A CN 101705324 A CN101705324 A CN 101705324A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a process for smelting ferro-nickel by using nickel oxide minerals and a smelting device, which belong to the field of the metallurgy of non-ferrous metals. The process comprises the following steps: (1) mixing and processing the nickel oxide minerals; (2) hot-roasting and drying the nickel oxide minerals; (3) performing reduction roasting in a rotary kiln; and (4) performing recovery processing. The smelting device for implementing the method mainly comprises equipment for mixing and processing the nickel oxide minerals, a preheating furnace, the rotary kiln and a foundry ladle, wherein the preheating furnace is a vertical tube structure connected above an exhaust port on a kiln tail end plate of the rotary kiln; the rotary kiln is a sealed simple body of which the inner side is provided with a refractory lining; and the diameter of one section of the simple body on the kiln head is larger than that of the middle part of the simple body, and one side of the section of the simple body is provided with a tapping hole leading to the foundry ladle. Compared with the prior art, the process and the device have the advantages of investment reduction, low consumption and high recovery rate; and the recovery rate of nickel is over 95 percent.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Non-ferrous Metallurgy field, particularly a kind of technology and smelting device with the nickel oxide ore smelting ferronickel.
Background technology
At present, China mainly is nickel sulfide ore to the metallic nickel requirement source.After pulverizing, ball milling, floating washing, the concentrate that becomes nickeliferous grade 5-7% carries out electrosmelting to nickeliferous grade, the flash stove is smelted and blast furnace smelting at the nickel sulfide ore of 0.8-1.7%.This has been unusual mature technology.Along with the development of society, the progress of science and technology, stainless steel is used widely in the world, and traditional nickel sulfide ore resource can not satisfy needs of society, forces people to extracting metallic nickel in the red soil nickel ore that takes up an area of ball nickel resources about 80%.Described red soil nickel ore promptly is called nickel oxide ore by the present invention, contains magnesia nickel minerals equally and also belongs to the present invention and be called nickel oxide ore.According to international laterite annual meeting statistics in 1987, nickel reserves 80% were nickel oxide ore in the world at present.And nickel oxide ore owing to can not float is washed, and grade is too low and be not utilized.The technology of nickel oxide ore smelting ferronickel has three kinds in the world at present.That is: thermal process, wet processing, fiery wet method combined process.Wherein thermal process adopts rotary kiln-electric furnace smelting method just like a few countries such as France, Japan, the U.S., Colombia to nickel oxide ore.Shortcoming is, reducing and smelting ferronickel technology not only requires the grade of nickel oxide ore to want high, and needs to consume a large amount of energy owing to exists twice heating to smelt, and the silicon magnesium ratio of raw material is also had requirement.Investment is big, and its ferronickel grade of producing is lower.Present domestic some areas utilize the blast-furnace smelting Rhometal to have the difficult problem that investment is big, production cost is high equally, the environment of having gone back severe contamination.Above-mentioned wet processing, it is the sulfuric acid pressure leaching process, though realized suitability for industrialized production at present,, equipment, scale, investment, operation control and ore grade, magnesium oxide etc. had higher requirement because it adopts the condition of high voltage operation, especially in sulfuric acid expensive today, extract metallic nickel with pickling process, cost height not only, and produce a large amount of waste liquids, can cause severe contamination to environment, stop production in the nickel minerals factory in river, source as Yunnan cloud tin company.Also having fiery wet method combined process, mainly is raw ore reduction roasting-ammonia leaching technology, handles low-grade nickel oxide ore, but the rate of recovery is low, cost is high, has belonged to superseded technology.Above-mentioned processing unit is not only invested greatly, energy consumption is many, and its ferronickel grade of producing is also lower.
The applicant Mao Lisheng of Wutai County, Shanxi Province has also noticed the problems referred to above; At the Chinese invention patent communique publication number CN on September 23rd, 2009 101538626A, he discloses denomination of invention " method of red soil nickel ore direct production nickel-contained pig iron in rotary kiln ", this method is: at first add siccative CaO mixed dehydration drying, fragmentation in nickel oxide ore, add reductive agent and grain nickel iron aggregating agent prepared therefrom again and mix; Again above-mentioned compound is directly sent into and carried out reducing roasting in the rotary kiln; Bring up to about 1350 ℃ when the kiln operation temperature, the reductive carburizing sponge iron is melted into the liquid ferronickel, stops rotary kiln and rotates, and liquid ferronickel to kiln hood opening is emitted, and flows at last in the mould, after the cooling, is the nickel-contained pig iron alloy.Slag is from the pure cooling of kiln hood drainage water.Foregoing invention not only will add desiccant dehydration before nickel oxide ore is gone into rotary kiln, will add also that fluorine carbon cerium, monazite, szaibelyite and vermiculite etc. are called by the contriver is the material of " grain nickel iron aggregating agent prepared therefrom ", mainly is in order to prevent the long thick ring formation of rotary kiln kliner coating.Therefore complete processing complexity, production cost problem of higher have been brought.
Summary of the invention
Smelt the technological deficiency that exists in order to solve the prior art nickel oxide ore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of technology with the nickel oxide ore smelting ferronickel, this technology does not need to add siccative nickel oxide ore is dewatered, do not need to add the material that prevents the long thick ring formation of rotary kiln kliner coating yet, complete processing is simple, production cost is lower. and the present invention has proposed a kind of smelting device of realizing above-mentioned technology also by improving the structural performance of rotary kiln.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
A kind of technology with the nickel oxide ore smelting ferronickel, finish according to the following steps:
1. nickel oxide ore batching processing
At first add Wingdale in nickel oxide ore, the consumption of Wingdale is the 2-5% of nickel oxide ore weight; Through being ground into the pug below the particle diameter 10mm; Because nickel oxide ore itself contains the moisture content more than 10%, just become aqueous pug after the pulverizing; Fully mixing the back pressure rolls into a ball into oval pelletizing;
2. heat is dried dry
The oval pelletizing of gained is through being promoted to preheating oven, heat is dried dry in preheating oven 900-1100 ℃ high-temperature residual heat, and there is induced exhaust that preheating oven is carried out the negative pressure ventilation and dust removal, make oval pelletizing in moisture content in the subnormal ambient of preheating oven, be evaporated vaporization and extract out with induced exhaust, the clay mineral crystal water also at high temperature decomposes to discharge and is drawn out of simultaneously;
3. rotary kiln reducing roasting
The dried oval pelletizing of heat roasting carries out reducing roasting from the kiln tail that the water jacket tremie pipe of preheating oven enters rotary kiln; Rotary kiln is pressed 20-30 to be changeed/hour rotational speed, oval pelletizing experience the roasting of 1200-1500 ℃ of different warm areas in kiln, softening through mineral, reduction is melted, slag making becomes the liquid ferronickel; The temperature of above-mentioned 1200-1500 ℃ different warm areas, the coal amount that can spray into by kiln hood coal powder injection pipe, air quantity, the defeated air quantity of kiln tail wind conveying pipe is regulated control; The air quantity of kiln tail wind conveying pipe is mainly regulated the CO burning in the kiln; Said reduction comprises the reduction of nickel and the reduction of iron, and the coarse particles raw coal add-on of kiln tail coal filling hole mainly is the also commercial weight of regulating control iron;
4. recycling
When rotary kiln stops operating, liquid ferronickel and slag are expelled to hot metal ladle in the open outlet of kiln hood, static half an hour slag liquid are separated better, and the liquid ferronickel flows to the mould from hot metal ladle, after the cooling, is Rhometal; Slag is expelled to tank water essence, stacking from hot metal ladle.
A kind of smelting device of realizing with the technology of nickel oxide ore smelting ferronickel mainly comprises nickel oxide ore batching processing units, preheating oven, rotary kiln and hot metal ladle; Described preheating oven is a vertical tube structure, and the upper end has opening for feed to connect the lifting conveyer of nickel oxide ore batching processing units, and last side tube-wall has the induced exhaust that connects dust removal installation and induced draft fan; Inlet mouth and water jacket tremie pipe are arranged at the bottom of the tube of lower end, and inlet mouth has the blocking material plate of angle mount in preheating furnace chamber inboard; Described rotary kiln is the sealed cylinder that an inboard is provided with refractory lining; Be respectively equipped with kiln hood end plate and kiln transom piece at the cylindrical shell two ends, the coal powder injection pipe is arranged on the kiln hood end plate, on the kiln transom piece venting port is arranged, feed port, coal filling hole and wind conveying pipe, the inlet mouth on the kiln transom piece on the logical preheating oven of venting port, feed port connects preheating oven upper water sleeve tremie pipe on the kiln transom piece; The diameter of one section cylindrical shell of described kiln hood is bigger than the cylindrical shell middle part, and this section cylindrical shell one side has escape orifice to lead to hot metal ladle.
The ferronickel that the present invention produces can be directly as the stainless high quality raw material of electrosmelting.Compared with prior art, the major advantage of technology of the present invention is:
1. developed the nickel oxide ore resource that is not used.
2. reduced investment: with the blast furnace of building same scale treatment capacity, equipment, initial cost will save 40%.
3. consume low: smelt and adopt primary energy source, nickel oxide ore per ton consumes raw coal 280-300kg.
4. selective reduction, control product nickel content is more than 20%.
5. rate of recovery height: the rate of recovery of nickel is higher than 95%.
The major advantage of smelting device of the present invention is:
1. because enlarged diameter, the sealing of one section cylindrical shell of rotary kiln end, increase the capacity in ferronickel melting reaction chamber, can improve thermo-efficiency simultaneously.
2. rotary kiln of the present invention can be according to raw material nickel, iron level, regulate coarse particles coal consumption, the wind conveying pipe of kiln tail is failed wind, adds that kiln hood coal powder injection pipe is that 4 air channels (clean wind, coal wind, whirlwind, voltage stabilizing wind) can be regulated at any time, realize the selective reduction of control iron, guaranteed the content of product nickel.
Rotary kiln from the kiln tail to kiln hood 1200-1500 ℃ full kiln high temperature, solved in the rotary kiln formidable kiln of a specified duration and built a dam, ring formation in the kiln influences the difficult problem of ordinary production
4. preheating oven of the present invention has the venting port of the logical rotary kiln of inlet mouth, and it is dry that She's heat of smelting in rotary kiln send preheating oven to supply pellet feed preheating and heat to dry, and realized that waste heat makes full use of, and has energy-conservation effect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process schematic representation of nickel oxide ore smelting ferronickel of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a smelting device synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Among the figure: 1 preheating oven; 2 rotary kilns; 3 hot metal ladle; 4 opening for feeds; 5 promote conveyer; 6 dust removal installations; 7 induced exhausts; 8 inlet mouths; 9 water jacket tremie pipes; 10 blocking material plates; 11 cylindrical shells; 12 kiln hoods; 13 kiln tails; 14 revolution transmission supporting bases; 15 kiln hood end plates; 16 kiln transom pieces; 17 coal powder injection pipes; 18 venting ports; 19 feed ports; 20 wind conveying pipes; 21 escape orifices; 22 pulverizers; 23 mixers; 24 pairs of roll squeezers; 25 coal filling holes; 26 nickel oxide ores heap ore storage bin; 27 moulds; 28 ponds.
Embodiment
For describing the present invention in detail, the present invention will be further described with concrete embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
A kind of technical process of accompanying drawing 1 expression with the nickel oxide ore smelting ferronickel, finish according to the following steps:
1. nickel oxide ore batching processing
At first add Wingdale in nickel oxide ore, the consumption of Wingdale is the 2-5% of nickel oxide ore weight; Be ground into powder below the particle diameter 10mm through pulverizer 22; Send after fully mixing with mixer 23 group of pressure in the roll squeezer 24, become the oval pelletizing of 30*40mm;
2. heat is dried dry
The oval pelletizing of gained is through being promoted to preheating oven 1, preheating in preheating oven 900-1100 ℃ high-temperature residual heat, heat are dried dry, and there are 7 pairs of preheating ovens of induced exhaust 1 to carry out the negative pressure ventilation and dust removal, make oval pelletizing in moisture content in the subnormal ambient of preheating oven, be evaporated vaporization and extract out with induced exhaust 7, the clay mineral crystal water also at high temperature decomposes to discharge and is drawn out of simultaneously;
3. rotary kiln reducing roasting
The dried oval pelletizing of heat roasting carries out reducing roasting from the kiln tail that the water jacket tremie pipe 9 of preheating oven 1 enters rotary kiln 2; Rotary kiln 2 is pressed 20-30 to be changeed/hour rotational speed because the inclination of kiln cylinder body and revolution slowly, oval pelletizing will produce one and promptly slide and along the axial integrated operation that moves to low side kiln hood 12 from high-end kiln tail 13 along circumferential direction; Oval pelletizing experiences the roasting of 1200-1500 ℃ of different warm areas in kiln, softening through mineral, reduction, and fusing, slag making becomes the liquid ferronickel; The temperature of above-mentioned 1200-1500 ℃ different warm areas can spray into 100-150 purpose coal amount by kiln hood coal powder injection pipe 17, air quantity, and the defeated air quantity of kiln tail wind conveying pipe 20 is regulated control; The air quantity of kiln tail wind conveying pipe is mainly regulated the CO burning in the kiln; Said reduction comprises the reduction of nickel and the reduction of iron, and the coarse particles raw coal add-on of kiln tail coal filling hole 25 mainly is the also commercial weight of regulating control iron;
4. recycling
When rotary kiln 2 stops operating, liquid ferronickel and slag are expelled to hot metal ladle 3 in the open outlet 21 of kiln hood, static half an hour slag liquid are separated better, and the liquid ferronickel flows to the mould 27 from hot metal ladle 3, after the cooling, is Rhometal.Slag is expelled to pond 28 water essence, stacking from hot metal ladle 3.
A kind of smelting device that is suitable for above-mentioned technology of accompanying drawing 2 expressions mainly comprises nickel oxide ore batching processing units, preheating oven 1, rotary kiln 2 and hot metal ladle 3; Described nickel oxide ore batching processing units is meant the nickel oxide ore heap ore storage bin of arranging according to flow process 26, pulverizer 22, and mixer 23 is to roll squeezer 24 and lifting conveyer 5; Described preheating oven 1 is vertical cylindrical shell 11 structures, and the upper end has opening for feed 4 to connect the lifting conveyer 5 of nickel oxide ore batching processing units, and last side tube-wall has the induced exhaust 7 that connects dust removal installation 6 and induced draft fan; Inlet mouth 8 and water jacket tremie pipe 9 are arranged at the bottom of the tube of lower end, and inlet mouth 8 has the blocking material plate 10 of angle mount in inboard, preheating oven 1 chamber; Described rotary kiln 2 is sealed cylinders 11 that an inboard is provided with refractory lining, and kiln hood 12 and kiln tail 13 are divided in cylindrical shell 11 two ends, rides on the revolution transmission supporting base 14 of inclination by large-diameter roller bearing and master wheel engagement respectively; Be respectively equipped with kiln hood end plate 15 and kiln transom piece 16 at cylindrical shell 11 two ends, coal powder injection pipe 17 is arranged on the kiln hood end plate 15, venting port 18 is arranged on the kiln transom piece 16, feed port 19, coal filling hole 25 and wind conveying pipe 20, inlet mouth 8 on the kiln transom piece 16 on the venting port 18 logical preheating ovens 1, feed port 19 connects preheating oven 1 upper water sleeve tremie pipe 9 on the kiln transom piece 16; The diameter of one section cylindrical shell 11 of described kiln hood 12 is bigger than cylindrical shell 11 middle parts, and this section cylindrical shell 11 1 sides have escape orifice 21 to lead to hot metal ladle 3.
Claims (2)
1. technology with the nickel oxide ore smelting ferronickel is characterized in that: finish according to the following steps:
1. nickel oxide ore batching processing
At first add Wingdale in nickel oxide ore, the consumption of Wingdale is the 2-5% of nickel oxide ore weight; Through being ground into the pug below the particle diameter 10mm; Fully mixing the back pressure rolls into a ball into oval pelletizing;
2. heat is dried dry
The oval pelletizing of gained is through being promoted to preheating oven (1), heat is dried dry in preheating oven 900-1100 ℃ high-temperature residual heat, and there is induced exhaust (7) that preheating oven (1) is carried out the negative pressure ventilation and dust removal, make oval pelletizing in moisture content in the subnormal ambient of preheating oven, be evaporated vaporization and extract out with induced exhaust (7), the clay mineral crystal water also at high temperature decomposes to discharge and is drawn out of simultaneously;
3. rotary kiln reducing roasting
The dried oval pelletizing of heat roasting carries out reducing roasting from the kiln tail that the water jacket tremie pipe (9) of preheating oven (1) enters rotary kiln (2); Rotary kiln (2) is pressed 20-30 to be changeed/hour rotational speed, oval pelletizing experience the roasting of 1200-1500 ℃ of different warm areas in kiln, softening through mineral, reduction is melted, slag making becomes the liquid ferronickel; The temperature of above-mentioned 1200-1500 ℃ different warm areas can spray into 100-150 purpose coal amount by kiln hood coal powder injection pipe (17), air quantity, and the defeated air quantity of kiln tail wind conveying pipe (20) is regulated control; Said reduction comprises the reduction of nickel and the reduction of iron, and the coarse particles raw coal add-on of kiln tail coal filling hole (25) mainly is the also commercial weight of regulating control iron;
4. recycling
When rotary kiln (2) stops operating, liquid ferronickel and slag are expelled to hot metal ladle (3) in the open outlet of kiln hood (21), static half an hour slag liquid are separated better, and the liquid ferronickel flows to the mould (27) from hot metal ladle (3), after the cooling, is Rhometal; Slag is expelled to pond (28) water essence, stacking from hot metal ladle (3).
2. realize the described smelting device of using the technology of nickel oxide ore smelting ferronickel of claim 1 for one kind, mainly comprise nickel oxide ore batching processing units, preheating oven (1), rotary kiln (2) and hot metal ladle (3); It is characterized in that: described preheating oven (1) is a vertical cylindrical shell (a 11) structure, and the upper end has opening for feed (4) to connect the lifting conveyer (5) of nickel oxide ore batching processing units, and last side tube-wall has the induced exhaust (7) of connection dust removal installation (6) and induced draft fan; Inlet mouth (8) and water jacket tremie pipe (9) are arranged at the bottom of the tube of lower end, and inlet mouth (8) has the blocking material plate (10) of angle mount in preheating oven (1) inboard, chamber; Described rotary kiln (2) is the sealed cylinder (11) that an inboard is provided with refractory lining; Be respectively equipped with kiln hood end plate (15) and kiln transom piece (16) at cylindrical shell (11) two ends, coal powder injection pipe (17) is arranged on the kiln hood end plate (15), venting port (18) is arranged on the kiln transom piece (16), feed port (19), coal filling hole (25) and wind conveying pipe (20), kiln transom piece (16) is gone up the inlet mouth (8) on the logical preheating oven (1) of venting port (18), and kiln transom piece (16) is gone up feed port (19) and connect preheating oven (1) upper water sleeve tremie pipe (9); The diameter of one section cylindrical shell (11) of described kiln hood (12) is bigger than cylindrical shell (11) middle part, and this section cylindrical shell (11) one sides have escape orifice (21) to lead to hot metal ladle (3).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2009102263509A CN101705324B (en) | 2009-11-11 | 2009-11-11 | Process for smelting ferro-nickel by using nickel oxide minerals and smelting device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2009102263509A CN101705324B (en) | 2009-11-11 | 2009-11-11 | Process for smelting ferro-nickel by using nickel oxide minerals and smelting device |
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| CN101705324A true CN101705324A (en) | 2010-05-12 |
| CN101705324B CN101705324B (en) | 2012-05-23 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102660672A (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2012-09-12 | 刘光火 | Process for smelting low-grade laterite |
| CN103773949A (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2014-05-07 | 李成武 | Direct reduction method for smelting ferronickel in rotary kiln |
| CN106964465A (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2017-07-21 | 江苏德龙镍业有限公司 | Nickel soil ore deposit pretreating device |
-
2009
- 2009-11-11 CN CN2009102263509A patent/CN101705324B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102660672A (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2012-09-12 | 刘光火 | Process for smelting low-grade laterite |
| CN102660672B (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2014-05-07 | 刘光火 | Process for smelting low-grade laterite |
| CN103773949A (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2014-05-07 | 李成武 | Direct reduction method for smelting ferronickel in rotary kiln |
| CN103773949B (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2016-08-17 | 李成武 | Nickel-iron smelting rotary kiln for directly reducing method |
| CN106964465A (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2017-07-21 | 江苏德龙镍业有限公司 | Nickel soil ore deposit pretreating device |
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