CN101703019B - Method for monitoring and controlling dissolved oxygen in aquaculture pond - Google Patents
Method for monitoring and controlling dissolved oxygen in aquaculture pond Download PDFInfo
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- CN101703019B CN101703019B CN2009101984134A CN200910198413A CN101703019B CN 101703019 B CN101703019 B CN 101703019B CN 2009101984134 A CN2009101984134 A CN 2009101984134A CN 200910198413 A CN200910198413 A CN 200910198413A CN 101703019 B CN101703019 B CN 101703019B
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Abstract
The invention is a method for monitoring and controlling the water quality of a aquaculture pond, in particular to a method for monitoring and controlling the dissolved oxygen in the aquaculture pond. The method for monitoring and controlling the dissolved oxygen in the aquaculture pond comprises the following steps: installing an upper and lower water layer exchange device and an aerator in the standard rectangular aquaculture pond; setting upper layer, middle layer and lower layer sampling points in the pond according to relevant provisions, and installing monitoring sensors at the sampling points; dealing with the sensor test data of the sensors; and judging the results obtained after test data processing according to cultivated species and weather, opening or closing the upper and lower water layer exchange device according to relevant provisions, and opening or closing the aerator. The method monitors the distribution of dissolved oxygen in the aquaculture pond comprehensively by rationally setting the sampling points and using the water quality monitoring instruments, and judges the results to control the aquaculture water quality in real time, thereby achieving the desired effect of fish-farming with water testing.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention is a kind of water quality monitoring and the regulate and control method of aquaculture pond, specifically relates to a kind of method that dissolved oxygen in the aquaculture pond is monitored and regulated and control.
(2) background technology
2008, China's output of aquatic products reached 4895.6 ten thousand tons, and the occupancy volume per person reaches 36.9 kilograms, accounted for 1/3 of animal protein supply share, occupancy volume per person and account for animal protein supply share and all exceed about 1 times than international average level.Aquatic products have become the important food proteins source of China, for improving national diet structure and improving trophic level and brought into play important function.
Culture fishery is the main growth point of fishery development as the important component part of China's fishery.2008, China's aquaculture output gross yield reaches 3,413 ten thousand tons, aquaculture output accounts for 69% of fishery gross yield, becomes the fishery big country that unique in the world cultured output surpasses fishery output, and Chinese aquaculture output accounts for more than 70% of world's aquaculture gross yield.In 3,413 ten thousand tons of cultured outputs, the output of fish has accounted for about 2/3rds, fish pond culture output accounts for about 2/3rds of fish output again, therefore the pond culture mode of production is the main mode of production of Chinese fish culture, key to the executive washroom, therefore, the effect that any technological improvement in pond culture produced will be very huge.
The pond culture feed of generally need throwing something and feeding, residual bait and fish physiological metabolism have caused progressively eutrophication of pond environment.Nutriment mainly is distributed in the middle of bed mud and the water body, when nutritious substances accumulation arrives to a certain degree, can cause water body environment to worsen, and influences fish growth or existence.Breed fish and support water earlier, the culture-pool water quality control technique is one of key technology of aquaculture always, and dissolved oxygen is wherein most important regulation index.
Under the nature, the dissolved oxygen in the breeding water body mainly comes from the oxygen diffusion between plankton photosynthesis and the water surface and the atmosphere.Pond waters contains abundant plankton, under effect of sunlight, accumulates in the top layer, can produce a large amount of oxygen, and the dissolved oxygen of superficial water often is in the over-saturation state.And near the water body of bottom owing to almost do not have photosynthesis, the continuous oxygen consumption of bed mud, dissolved oxygen are lower always.Owing to there is thermograde, water layer exchanges naturally and is bad up and down, has significant dissolved oxygen gradient.
Under the good condition of weather, the contribution degree of haleoplankon photosynthesis oxygenation can reach more than 90%, even used oxygenation class machinery, photosynthetic contribution degree is the important starting point of all kinds of oxygen increasing equipments of exploitation still more than 70% so rationally utilize the photosynthesis phenomenon.Comparatively Jing Dian aerator as impeller automatic aerator and water-mill oxygen increasing machine etc., all has the enhancing water body concurrently and contacts effect with air and promote water layer exchange interaction up and down.Over 30 years of past, the formal because extensive use of impeller automatic aerator etc., the average yield per mu that just makes China's pond culture from about 100 kilograms bring up to about 400 kilograms, level that the 1000-2000 kilogram has been realized on the intensive culture pool.Such machinery need expend a large amount of electric power, and being used for large fish culture with impeller automatic aerator is example, and general every mu configuration intensity is 0.2-0.4 kilowatt, and the frequency of utilization of culturing the middle and later periods is very high, has occupied quite a few aquaculture cost.Also has low energy consumption water layer exchange aerator up and down in addition, mainly be to improve water body by immixture to utilize photosynthesis to produce the ability of oxygen, it strengthens water body and contacts the effect oxygen transfer rate with air not as impeller oxygenation, but promote that the water layer exchange interaction still can up and down, and energy consumption is lower, has positive effect under certain conditions.
Past, general raiser judged pond dissolved oxygen situation according to observation and experience, and oxygen increasing equipment is opened in decision due to limited conditions.Measuring instrument had been arranged afterwards, and the dissolved oxygen monitoring has made things convenient for a lot.But the distribution of pond dissolving is very inhomogeneous, is subjected to factor affecting such as water layer, wind direction very dark, is difficult to by the overall dissolved oxygen situation of the simple judgement of instrument.Therefore, according to the actual conditions of breeding water body, the monitoring dissolved oxygen distributes, and differentiates pond dissolved oxygen overall state, to determine rationally to use aerator, breeds fish thereby realize surveying water, and meaning is very huge.
(3) summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide and a kind of this Complex Water Environment of cultivating pool is carried out the method that dissolved oxygen is monitored, and the method for differentiating the regulation and control pond water quality that takes appropriate measures on this basis.
The present invention realizes in the following manner:
A kind of cultivating pool dissolved oxygen monitoring and regulate and control method, in the rectangle cultivating pool of standard, configuration is water layer switching equipment and aerator up and down, it is characterized in that:
The upper, middle and lower sampled point is set in the pond in accordance with regulations, on sampled point, disposes monitoring sensor;
Test data to sensor is handled;
According to culturing object and weather, the result after the test data processing is judged, open or close described water layer switching equipment up and down according to regulation, open or close described aerator.
Further, on normal water level plane, pond, select 4 datum marks respectively near 4 angle parts, 3 meters to 5 meters at each edge, distance between reference pond, and should locate the depth of water greater than pond mean depth of water 80%; If this place's depth of water does not reach pond mean depth of water 80%, distance to the depth of water that then further enlarges datum mark and edge, pond reaches pond mean depth of water 80% place;
Above-mentioned 4 datum marks are linked to be a rectangle, carry out five equilibrium and mark parallel lines long and wide respectively, and its intersection point becomes the datum mark that distributes as net shape;
3 water quality monitoring sampled points are set on each datum mark vertical downward direction, above one apart from 40 centimetres of the waters surface, deviation range is ± 10 centimetres, below one apart from the bottom of the pond about 40 centimetres, deviation range is ± 10 centimetres, and the meta between one of centre is in has up and down constituted a stereoscopic grid;
Sensors configured on each sampled point.
Further, carry out following processing to recording data:
The data of each water layer were handled with the variance method respectively before this, obtained the standard dissolved oxygen value of three water layers;
Again three standard dissolved oxygen values that obtain are weighted on average, obtain reflecting the comprehensive dissolved oxygen value of pond overall water quality situation;
The weighted number on upper strata is 10%-20%, and the upper strata sampled point becomes little near water surface weighted number, otherwise becomes big;
The weighted number of lower floor is 30%-40%, and lower floor's sampled point becomes little near the bottom weighted number, otherwise becomes big;
The weighted number in middle level is 40%-60%, all the time greater than lower floor's weighted number.
Further, comprehensive dissolved oxygen value and three standard dissolved oxygen values are carried out following differentiation and regulation and control:
Comprehensive dissolved oxygen value is in the good breeding environment of a certain breed object, and the standard dissolved oxygen value of upper water is enabled water layer switching equipment up and down when being in the over-saturation state;
Comprehensive dissolved oxygen value is in the good breeding environment of a certain breed object, when the standard dissolved oxygen value of upper water does not reach the over-saturation state, does not enable water layer switching equipment up and down;
Comprehensive dissolved oxygen value is in the medium breeding environment of a certain breed object, during daytime, does not enable water layer switching equipment up and down;
Comprehensive dissolved oxygen value is in the medium breeding environment of a certain breed object, after darkness or darkness, enables aerator;
Comprehensive dissolved oxygen value is in the of inferior quality breeding environment of a certain breed object, starts aerator.
It is further again,
The dissolved oxygen value of the good breeding environment of described breed object is 5mg/l to 8mg/l;
The dissolved oxygen value of the medium breeding environment of described breed object is 3mg/l to 5mg/l;
The dissolved oxygen value of the of inferior quality breeding environment of described breed object is below the 3mg/l;
The over-saturation state of described dissolved oxygen value is more than the 8mg/l.
Superiority of the present invention and beneficial effect are:
Utilize the sampled point of distributed in grid, handle, grasp pond dissolved oxygen distribution situation comparatively comprehensively by data.According to the pond ecological characteristic, upper, middle and lower water layer dissolved oxygen is weighted, comparatively objectively responded the numerical value of pond dissolved oxygen situation.
Latticed sampling monitoring can be grasped pond dissolved oxygen situation comprehensively, avoids the accidental error that causes because of the local sampling mode, incurs loss through delay the opportunity of carrying out regulating and controlling water quality, or unnecessary unlatching regulating and controlling water quality equipment, the waste energy consumption.
Adopt two kinds of oxygen increasing equipments at present in the pond, a class is the lower switching equipment of water layer up and down of energy consumption, and it can be to a certain extent exchanges supplemental oxygen to water layer up and down; Another kind of is aerator, though energy consumption is bigger, its oxygenation effect is obvious, and each all characteristic of this two kind equipment are used in different occasions respectively and can bring into play their effect better.
Comprehensive dissolved oxygen value and each water layer standard dissolved oxygen value are analyzed, in conjunction with different breed objects and time factor, regulation and control provide the foundation of science to pond water quality, take different countermeasures in good time, when improving the pond ecotope, give full play to the strong point of all kinds of regulating and controlling water quality equipment, and saved energy consumption.The switching of water layer switching equipment and aerator about regulating and control according to artificial experience compared to prior art, standard, strictness, science more improve the water quality of pond culture water, and the energy is saved more, also alleviate manually-operated work, energy and time, be convenient to realize automatic control.
(4) description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation sketch of cultivating pool dissolved oxygen monitoring of the present invention and regulate and control method one embodiment.
(5) specific implementation method
As shown in the figure, each point is sampled point in the accompanying drawing.
All A point value are carried out the variance statistics, obtain the A plane, i.e. the standard dissolved oxygen value on upper strata.
In like manner, obtain the B plane, middle level standard dissolved oxygen value and C plane, lower floor's standard dissolved oxygen value.
Respectively apart from the distance at the bottom of the water surface and the pond, A, B, three standard dissolved oxygen values of C are weighted average treatment according to A plane and C plane, obtain reflecting the integrated value of pond dissolved oxygen situation.
Comprehensive dissolved oxygen value is in the good breeding environment of a certain breed object, and the standard dissolved oxygen value of upper water is enabled the less switching equipment of water layer up and down of power consumption when being in the over-saturation state;
Comprehensive dissolved oxygen value is in the good breeding environment of a certain breed object, but the standard dissolved oxygen value of upper water is not enabled regulating and controlling water quality equipment when not reaching the over-saturation state;
Comprehensive dissolved oxygen value is in the medium breeding environment of a certain breed object, but during daytime, does not enable regulating and controlling water quality equipment;
Comprehensive dissolved oxygen value is in the medium breeding environment of a certain breed object, but soon near after darkness or the darkness, and it is relatively large but have the strong physics oxygen transfer rate and the aerator of water layer exchange interaction up and down concurrently to enable power consumption.
Comprehensive dissolved oxygen value is in the of inferior quality environment of a certain breed object, and it is relatively large but have the strong physics oxygen transfer rate and the aerator of water layer exchange interaction up and down concurrently to start power consumption at once.
In order to make monitoring result more perfect, can divide more tiny grid.
The numerical value of hierarchical monitor has reflected the roughly rule that pond water quality distributes substantially, and according to this rule, has enabled regulating and controlling water quality equipment targetedly, has made full use of pond nature oxygen transfer rate.For example, be in the good breeding environment of a certain breed object when comprehensive dissolved oxygen value, and when the standard dissolved oxygen value of upper water is in the over-saturation state, enable the less switching equipment of water layer up and down of power consumption, at this moment, the overall dissolved oxygen in pond is all right, but, the bottom is because oxygen consumption reacts reason, and dissolved oxygen is still very low, is lower at least.Enable the less switching equipment of water layer up and down of power consumption this moment, the oxygen surface is rich with less cost takes the bottom to, promotes the diffusion of oxygen, improves the overall breeding ecological in pond, improves culture efficiency.Owing in advance oxygen has been taken to the bottom, the bottom section anoxic time in the evening can be delayed in addition, and the unlatching bigger aerator time of power consumption can reduce, and has saved energy consumption.
The present invention passes through the reasonable Arrangement sampled point, utilizes a kind of method that compares comprehensive monitoring cultivating pool dissolved oxygen distribution situation in the water quality monitoring instrument, and the result that it records is differentiated, and with the real-time monitoring cultivate water, reaches and surveys the effect that water is breeded fish.
Claims (3)
1. a cultivating pool dissolved oxygen is monitored and regulate and control method, and in the rectangle cultivating pool of standard, configuration is water layer switching equipment and aerator up and down, it is characterized in that:
On normal water level plane, pond, select 4 datum marks respectively near 4 angle parts, 3 meters to 5 meters at each edge, distance between reference pond, and should locate the depth of water greater than pond mean depth of water 80%; If this place's depth of water does not reach pond mean depth of water 80%, distance to the depth of water that then further enlarges datum mark and edge, pond reaches pond mean depth of water 80% place;
Above-mentioned 4 datum marks are linked to be a rectangle, carry out some five equilibriums and mark parallel lines long and wide respectively, and its intersection point becomes the datum mark that distributes as net shape;
3 water quality monitoring sampled points are set on each datum mark vertical downward direction, above one apart from 40 centimetres of the waters surface, deviation range is ± 10 centimetres, below one apart from the bottom of the pond about 40 centimetres, deviation range is ± 10 centimetres, and the meta between one of centre is in has up and down constituted a stereoscopic grid;
Sensors configured on each sampled point;
Test data to sensor is handled;
According to culturing object and weather, the result after the test data processing is judged, open or close described water layer switching equipment up and down according to regulation, open or close described aerator.
2. according to described cultivating pool dissolved oxygen monitoring of claim 1 and regulate and control method, it is characterized in that carrying out following processing to recording data:
The data of each water layer were handled with the variance method respectively before this, obtained the standard dissolved oxygen value of three water layers;
Again three standard dissolved oxygen values that obtain are weighted on average, obtain reflecting the comprehensive dissolved oxygen value of pond overall water quality situation;
The weighted number on upper strata is 10%-20%, and the upper strata sampled point becomes little near water surface weighted number, otherwise becomes big;
The weighted number of lower floor is 30%-40%, and lower floor's sampled point becomes little near the bottom weighted number, otherwise becomes big;
The weighted number in middle level is 40%-60%, all the time greater than lower floor's weighted number.
3. according to described cultivating pool dissolved oxygen monitoring of claim 2 and regulate and control method, it is characterized in that comprehensive dissolved oxygen value and three standard dissolved oxygen values are carried out following differentiation and control manipulation:
Comprehensive dissolved oxygen value is in the good breeding environment of a certain breed object, and the standard dissolved oxygen value of upper water is enabled water layer switching equipment up and down when being in the over-saturation state;
Comprehensive dissolved oxygen value is in the good breeding environment of a certain breed object, when the standard dissolved oxygen value of upper water does not reach the over-saturation state, does not enable water layer switching equipment up and down;
Comprehensive dissolved oxygen value is in the medium breeding environment of a certain breed object, during daytime, does not enable water layer switching equipment up and down;
Comprehensive dissolved oxygen value is in the medium breeding environment of a certain breed object, after darkness or darkness, enables aerator;
Comprehensive dissolved oxygen value is in the of inferior quality breeding environment of a certain breed object, starts aerator;
The dissolved oxygen value of the good breeding environment of described breed object is in 5mg/l to 8mg/l;
The dissolved oxygen value of the medium breeding environment of described breed object is 3mg/l to 5mg/l;
The dissolved oxygen value of the of inferior quality breeding environment of described breed object is below the 3mg/l;
The over-saturation state of described dissolved oxygen value is more than the 8mg/l.
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Families Citing this family (9)
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| CN102654496B (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2015-04-22 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Real-time monitoring device and method of dissolved oxygen in culturing pond water body |
| CN103235216B (en) * | 2013-04-09 | 2016-09-14 | 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所 | A kind of aerator Auto-Test System based on LabVIEW |
| CN103499676B (en) * | 2013-10-11 | 2015-09-23 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | The evaluation method of seashells cultivation nitrogen, phosphorus and organic carbon excretion |
| CN103548737B (en) * | 2013-11-05 | 2016-01-20 | 通威股份有限公司 | A kind of low-carbon (LC), environmental protection fish-cultivating method |
| CN104267770A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-01-07 | 定远县金胜农业开发有限公司 | Intelligent aquaculture environment control and management system based on information collection |
| CN106290770B (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2018-08-17 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of the chpn monitoring method and system of water quality |
| CN106665460A (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2017-05-17 | 常州大学 | Method and device for green accurate oxygenation control of aquaculture |
| CN108828142A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-11-16 | 宿松富民水产养殖有限公司 | The comprehensive method for automatically regulating of oxygen in a kind of loach pond |
| CN114027254B (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-02-24 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | Be applied to interval oxygen supply device of fresh and alive aquatic products transport vechicle |
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