CN101702903A - 烧结成型体 - Google Patents

烧结成型体 Download PDF

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CN101702903A
CN101702903A CN200880013763A CN200880013763A CN101702903A CN 101702903 A CN101702903 A CN 101702903A CN 200880013763 A CN200880013763 A CN 200880013763A CN 200880013763 A CN200880013763 A CN 200880013763A CN 101702903 A CN101702903 A CN 101702903A
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moulded body
sintered moulded
sintered
strontium aluminate
chromium
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M·孔茨
A·赫兰富尔特斯
K·弗里德里克
N·施奈德
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Abstract

烧结成型体提供许多应用可能性。它们的组成可以通过有针对性地添加某些元素和/或它们的化合物来调节到每一情况下预定的用途。因此，本发明提供了一种材料的烧结成型体，其材料含有掺杂有铬的氧化铝，用Y-稳定的氧化锆和具有可变的铬掺杂的铝酸锶，该烧结成型体尤其适合于医疗技术的应用。

Description

烧结成型体
本发明涉及一种烧结成型体(
Figure G2008800137632D00011
)。
烧结成型体提供有许多应用可能性。它们的组成可以通过有针对性地添加某些元素和/或它们的化合物来调节到在每种情况下预定的用途。例如氧化铝和氧化锆是陶瓷材料，这些材料单独地或相互组合地尤其加工成诸如切削工具、催化剂载体或假体的烧结成型体。
本发明的任务是提供陶瓷材料的烧结成型体，该陶瓷材料集诸如硬度、弹性和导热性等最佳特性为一体，尤其适合医疗技术的应用。
使人感到惊奇地显示，下面组成的烧结成型体尤其适用于医学技术领域的应用，例如作为诸如髋关节植入物(Hüftgelenkimplant)和膝关节植入物(Kniegelenkimplant)的矫正装置(Orthese)或内置假体(Endoprothese)应用。
  材料组成   式   体积含量
  掺有铬的氧化铝   Al2O3:Cr   70％-90％
  用Y-稳定的氧化锆   ZrO2:Y   12％-22％
  铝酸锶(掺有可变的铬)   SrAl12-xCrxO19   1％-5％
这样的烧结成型体中占主导地位的结构成分(Gefügebestandteil)是氧化铝。因此，决定性能的特性诸如硬度、弹性模量和导热性能很接近纯氧化铝的特性。将氧化锆和铝酸锶的成分嵌入到氧化铝基质(Aluminiumoxidmatrix)中。铝酸锶形成特征性的小片状晶粒(Kristallite)、片状体(Platelet)，它们主要为提高强度作贡献。
氧化锆和铝酸锶成分促进提高断裂韧性
Figure G2008800137632D00012
该断裂韧性比在纯氧化铝时高约60％。通过这些增强组分将强度几乎提高到2倍，同时提高损伤容限(Schadenstoleranz)，即烧结成型体的特性即使在可能损坏的情况下还保持高的剩余强度(Restfestigkeit)。
本发明的烧结体在高机械负荷时，令人惊奇地将这样的机制激活，这些机制例如抑制或阻止裂纹扩散。其中，最重要的机制是氧化锆从正方晶相向单斜晶相的应力引发的转变。伴随该转变出现的氧化锆的体积变大引起形成局部压应力，该压应力反作用于外部的拉力负荷和因此阻碍裂纹生长。
通过嵌入片状体出乎意料地将裂纹路径偏转，致使在裂纹扩散时吸收额外的能量。
本发明材料的特点在于两个机制相互加强，以致于断裂韧性的有效提高甚至大于通过单个机制简单相加所期待的值。
制备烧结成型体借助常规的陶瓷工艺进行。主要的过程步骤列出如下：
a)把按照预先给定组成的粉末混合物放到水中，使用液化器以避免沉积。
b)在溶解器(快速运转的搅拌器)中均质化。
c)在搅拌器球磨机中研磨，其中提高粉末混合物的比表面积(＝粉碎)。
d)添加有机粘合剂。
e)喷雾干燥，其中产生具有规定性能的自由流动粒料。
f)用水使粒料湿润。
g)轴向压制或等静压制(isostatisch press)。
h)切削生加工(Grünbearbeitung)，其中考虑到烧结收缩基本上形成最终轮廓。
i)预烧，其中收缩到理论密度的约98％。仍然保留的残余孔向外封闭。
j)在高温和高气体压力下的热静等压，由此实际上完全的最终致密化。
k)所谓的白色煅烧(Weiβbrand)，以这种方式将在热静等压过程中在陶瓷中产生的氧离子失衡平衡化。
l)通过研磨和抛光硬加工。
m)退火。
烧结成型体的特性也可以通过嵌入加强。这样有可能的是，在烧结体的成型之前将晶须(Whisker)和/或纤维混合到该材料中，或将网状结构或织物加入生坯状态(Grünzustand)的材料中。晶须、纤维或网或织物必须由这样的材料制得，该材料以不使陶瓷材料特性变坏的方式与陶瓷材料发生相互作用。除此之外，材料在烧结期间不得以使材料受到损坏的方式而变化。
对于植入体应用，本发明的烧结成型体令人惊奇地集纯氧化铝和氧化锆各自最好的烧结成型体特性为一体：坚硬，耐老化性，对水的润湿性和高导热性是氧化铝烧结成型体的公知特性；高强度和高断裂韧性，也就是损伤容限是氧化锆烧结成型体的公知特性。

Claims (7)

1.烧结成型体，其特征在于，它含有70至90体积份的掺有铬的氧化铝(Al2O3:Cr)，12至22体积份的用Y稳定的氧化锆(ZrO2:Y)和1至5体积份的掺有可变的铬的式为SrAl12-xCrxO19的铝酸锶。
2.根据权利要求1的烧结成型体，其特征在于，在氧化铝基质中嵌入氧化锆和铝酸锶成分。
3.根据权利要求1或2的烧结成型体，其特征在于，铝酸锶以小片状晶粒、片状体的形式存在。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一的烧结成型体，其特征在于，所述材料还混以由合适的材料制得的晶须和/或纤维或网状结构或织物。
5.权利要求1至4的烧结成型体在医疗技术中的用途。
6.权利要求1至4的烧结成型体作为矫正装置和内置假体的用途。
7.权利要求1至4的烧结成型体作为髋关节植入物或膝关节植入物的用途。
CN200880013763A 2007-04-27 2008-04-25 烧结成型体 Pending CN101702903A (zh)

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US10501373B1 (en) 2014-01-24 2019-12-10 United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of National Aeronautics And Space Administration Multi-phase ceramic system
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