CN101696872A - Total run-out comprehensive measuring instrument - Google Patents

Total run-out comprehensive measuring instrument Download PDF

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CN101696872A
CN101696872A CN200910197779A CN200910197779A CN101696872A CN 101696872 A CN101696872 A CN 101696872A CN 200910197779 A CN200910197779 A CN 200910197779A CN 200910197779 A CN200910197779 A CN 200910197779A CN 101696872 A CN101696872 A CN 101696872A
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measuring instrument
out comprehensive
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CN101696872B (en
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黄清明
徐小萍
白文华
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University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种全跳动综合检查仪,包括底座部件、头架部件、测量滑板机构、测量装置、轴向、径向测量位置变换机构、控制电路、计算机。底座上面左、右二端分别安装有头架部件和右顶尖装置,中间上面安装有横向移动的测量滑板机构,测量滑板机构与底座部件之间安装有测量滑板传动机构,测量滑板机构上面安装有测量装置,测量装置上面设有轴向、径向测量位置变换机构、测量装置的传感器信号输出端依次连接控制电路,计算机,步进电机驱动电路,步进电机驱动电路输出端分别连接头架驱动电机和滑板驱动电机。本发明集机械控制、数据采集、数据处理为一体。计算机控制自动化实现轴类零件的自动数据采集、处理。便于操作控制,具有较高的能效比。

Figure 200910197779

The invention relates to a full runout comprehensive inspection instrument, which comprises a base part, a head frame part, a measuring slide mechanism, a measuring device, an axial and radial measuring position transformation mechanism, a control circuit and a computer. The left and right ends of the base are respectively equipped with a head frame part and a right top device, and a measuring slide mechanism for lateral movement is installed in the middle, and a measuring slide transmission mechanism is installed between the measuring slide mechanism and the base part. Measuring device, the measuring device is equipped with an axial and radial measuring position change mechanism, the sensor signal output end of the measuring device is connected to the control circuit, computer, stepping motor drive circuit, and the output end of the stepping motor driving circuit is respectively connected to the head frame drive Motor and skateboard drive motor. The invention integrates mechanical control, data collection and data processing. Computer-controlled automation realizes automatic data collection and processing of shaft parts. It is easy to operate and control, and has a high energy efficiency ratio.

Figure 200910197779

Description

全跳动综合检查仪Full beating comprehensive inspection instrument

技术领域 technical field

本发明涉及一种轴类零件公差测量仪,具体地说是一种用于直线度、圆度、端面圆跳动、径向圆跳动、端面全跳动、轴向全跳动等公差项目的自动化综合检测仪。The invention relates to a tolerance measuring instrument for shaft parts, in particular to an automatic comprehensive detection for tolerance items such as straightness, roundness, end surface circular runout, radial circular runout, end surface full runout, axial full runout, etc. instrument.

背景技术 Background technique

由于全跳动公差检测设备的欠缺,设计者在产品图样上很少标注全跳动公差项目。而轴类零件的全跳动误差对机器的工作精度、寿命等性能有着直接的影响,对高温、重载等条件下工作的机器及精密机械仪器,影响则更甚,如高精度数控车床主轴的跳动直接影响加工出来零件的精度。有鉴于此,设计了一台全跳动综合检查仪,采用步进电机驱动轴类零件回转,线位移传感器完成数据采样,计算机控制检测过程和处理实时数据。折叠式测量头能够完成圆度、轴线直线度、径向圆跳动、轴向全跳动、端面圆跳动、端面全跳动等项目的测量功能,实现一周内若干点的测量数据的采集,避免了两次安装夹紧被测零件时所引起的误差,从而能对零件作出准确的评价。Due to the lack of full runout tolerance testing equipment, designers rarely mark full runout tolerance items on product drawings. The full runout error of shaft parts has a direct impact on the working accuracy and life of the machine, and it has even more impact on machines and precision mechanical instruments that work under high temperature and heavy load conditions, such as the spindle of high-precision CNC lathes. Runout directly affects the accuracy of the machined parts. In view of this, a full runout comprehensive inspection instrument is designed, which uses a stepping motor to drive the shaft parts to rotate, a linear displacement sensor to complete data sampling, and a computer to control the detection process and process real-time data. The folding measuring head can complete the measurement functions of roundness, axis straightness, radial circular runout, axial full runout, end face circular runout, end face full runout, etc., and realize the collection of measurement data at several points within a week, avoiding two The error caused by the first installation and clamping of the measured part can be used to make an accurate evaluation of the part.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

本发明是要解决全跳动公差检测设备的欠缺问题,而提供一种全跳动综合检查仪。The present invention aims to solve the problem of lack of full runout tolerance detection equipment, and provides a full runout comprehensive inspection instrument.

本发明的目的是这样实现的:一种全跳动综合检查仪,包括底座部件、头架部件、测量滑板机构、测量装置、轴向、径向测量位置变换机构、控制电路、计算机,其特点是:底座上面左、右二端分别安装有头架部件和由右顶尖,锁紧机构,右顶尖座和手轮构成的右顶尖装置,中间上面安装有横向移动的测量滑板机构,测量滑板机构与底座部件之间安装有测量滑板传动机构,测量滑板机构上面安装有测量装置,测量装置上面设有轴向、径向测量位置变换机构、测量装置的传感器信号输出端依次连接控制电路,计算机,步进电机驱动电路,步进电机驱动电路输出端分别连接头架驱动电机和滑板驱动电机。The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of comprehensive beating inspection instrument, comprises base part, headstock part, measuring slide plate mechanism, measuring device, axial, radial measuring position transformation mechanism, control circuit, computer, it is characterized in that : The left and right ends of the base are respectively equipped with a head frame component and a right top device composed of a right top, a locking mechanism, a right top seat and a hand wheel, and a horizontally moving measuring slide mechanism is installed on the middle, and the measuring slide mechanism and A measuring slide plate transmission mechanism is installed between the base parts, a measuring device is installed on the measuring slide plate mechanism, and an axial and radial measuring position conversion mechanism is arranged on the measuring device. The sensor signal output end of the measuring device is connected to the control circuit, computer, step Enter the motor drive circuit, and the output end of the step motor drive circuit is respectively connected to the head frame drive motor and the slide plate drive motor.

头架部件包括三相异步电动机,双级调速机构,左顶尖,滑移齿轮拔杆,卡箍,气动式定心夹盘,其中,气动式定心夹盘前端设置左顶尖,后端转动轴上连接有双级调速机构,双级调速机构中的滑移齿轮与滑移齿轮拔杆相连接,双级调速机构的输入轴与三相异步电动机输出轴相连接。The head frame components include a three-phase asynchronous motor, a two-stage speed regulating mechanism, a left top, a sliding gear puller, a clamp, and a pneumatic centering chuck. The shaft is connected with a two-stage speed regulating mechanism, the sliding gear in the two-stage speed regulating mechanism is connected with the sliding gear pulling rod, and the input shaft of the two-stage speed regulating mechanism is connected with the output shaft of the three-phase asynchronous motor.

底座部件包括三相同步电动机,变速箱齿轮传动机构,丝杠,其中,丝杠后端连接变速箱齿轮传动机构,前端与测量滑板下面的传动螺母配合连接,变速箱齿轮传动机构的输入轴与三相同步电动机输出轴相连接。The base part includes a three-phase synchronous motor, a gearbox gear transmission mechanism, and a lead screw. The output shafts of the three-phase synchronous motors are connected in phase.

测量机构包括立柱,滑动托板,传感器位置调整杆,摩擦轮,旋钮,定位套,调整旋钮,压块,其中,立柱固定连接在滑动托板上,其上端可调连接定位套,定位套右端内可调连接传感器位置调整杆,传感器位置调整杆上面的凹槽内摩擦连接摩擦轮,摩擦轮与旋钮相连接,定位套与立柱之间设有压块,压块与调整旋钮相连接。The measuring mechanism includes a column, a sliding support plate, a sensor position adjustment lever, a friction wheel, a knob, a positioning sleeve, an adjustment knob, and a pressure block. The sensor position adjustment rod is adjustable inside, and the groove above the sensor position adjustment rod is frictionally connected to the friction wheel, the friction wheel is connected with the knob, a briquetting block is arranged between the positioning sleeve and the column, and the briquetting block is connected with the adjustment knob.

轴向、径向测量位置变换机构包括槽形圆柱杆,螺纹立柱,弹簧铁夹,防松螺帽,其中,槽形圆柱杆的前端用螺钉拧入一个螺纹立柱,螺纹立柱上装夹一带圆孔的弹簧铁夹和拧有防松螺帽。The axial and radial measuring position transformation mechanism includes a grooved cylindrical rod, a threaded column, a spring iron clamp, and a lock nut. Among them, the front end of the grooved cylindrical rod is screwed into a threaded column with a screw, and a round hole is clamped on the threaded column. Spring iron clips and screwed locknuts.

本发明的有益效果是:本发明集机械控制、数据采集、数据处理为一体。被测零件的回转运动和测量机构的直线运动分别由一个三相异步小功率电动机、三相同步小功率电动机通过齿轮传动系统减速装置来控制,且根据被测件的尺寸大小分别可提供高、低双速运转。即整个传动系统共有四种匹配的运转速度,计算机控制自动化实现轴类零件的自动数据采集、处理。便于操作控制,具有较高的能效比。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention integrates mechanical control, data collection and data processing. The rotary motion of the measured part and the linear motion of the measuring mechanism are respectively controlled by a three-phase asynchronous low-power motor and a three-phase synchronous low-power motor through a gear transmission system reduction device, and can provide high, Low two-speed operation. That is to say, there are four matching running speeds in the whole transmission system, and computer-controlled automation realizes automatic data collection and processing of shaft parts. It is easy to operate and control, and has a high energy efficiency ratio.

用于零件尺寸范围为Φ300~Φ800mm的轴类零件的多公差项目的自动测量,对于大尺寸轴类零件的公差计算机辅助测量的设计有参考意义。极大地提高了轴类零件全跳动公差测量的自动化水平,减小了人为因素引起的误差,降低了检测人员的劳动强度,提高了产品的生产效率。It is used for the automatic measurement of multi-tolerance items of shaft parts with a part size range of Φ300~Φ800mm, and has reference significance for the design of tolerance computer-aided measurement of large-size shaft parts. It greatly improves the automation level of the full runout tolerance measurement of shaft parts, reduces the error caused by human factors, reduces the labor intensity of testing personnel, and improves the production efficiency of products.

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1是本实用新型的结构和工作原理图;Fig. 1 is the structure of the utility model and working principle figure;

图2是测量装置结构示意图;Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the measuring device;

图3是轴向、径向测量位置变换机构结构示意图;Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of an axial and radial measuring position transformation mechanism;

图4是图中沿A-A的剖视图;Fig. 4 is a sectional view along A-A in the figure;

图5是本发明的电路原理图。Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of the present invention.

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

下面结合附图与实施例对本发明作进一步的说明Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention will be further described

如图1所示,本发明的全跳动综合检查,包括底座部件、头架部件、测量滑板机构、测量装置、轴向、径向测量位置变换机构、控制电路、计算机。As shown in Fig. 1, the full run-out comprehensive inspection of the present invention includes a base part, a head frame part, a measuring slide mechanism, a measuring device, an axial and radial measuring position transformation mechanism, a control circuit, and a computer.

底座11上面左、右二端分别安装有头架部件和由右顶尖7,锁紧机构8,右顶尖座9和手轮10构成的右顶尖装置,中间上面安装有横向移动的测量滑板机构6,测量滑板机构6与底座部件之间安装有测量滑板传动机构,测量滑板机构6上面安装有测量装置15,测量装置15上面设有轴向、径向测量位置变换机构、测量装置15的传感器信号输出端依次连接控制电路,计算机,步进电机驱动电路,步进电机驱动电路输出端分别连接头架驱动电机和滑板驱动电机。The left and right ends of the base 11 are respectively equipped with a head frame component and a right top device composed of a right top 7, a locking mechanism 8, a right top seat 9 and a hand wheel 10, and a measuring slide mechanism 6 for lateral movement is installed on the middle , a measuring slide plate transmission mechanism is installed between the measuring slide plate mechanism 6 and the base part, a measuring device 15 is installed on the measuring slide plate mechanism 6, and the measuring device 15 is provided with an axial and radial measuring position conversion mechanism and a sensor signal of the measuring device 15 The output end is sequentially connected with the control circuit, the computer, and the stepping motor driving circuit, and the output ends of the stepping motor driving circuit are respectively connected with the head frame driving motor and the slide plate driving motor.

整个测量机构横纵向移动,顶尖和夹持机构带动被测件(轴类零件)回转运动,在轴的长度范围内检测全跳动误差值。The entire measuring mechanism moves horizontally and vertically, the tip and the clamping mechanism drive the tested piece (shaft part) to rotate, and the full runout error value is detected within the length of the shaft.

头架部件包括三相异步电动机1,双级调速机构2,左顶尖4,滑移齿轮拔杆3,卡箍5,气动式定心夹盘,其中,气动式定心夹盘前端设置有左顶尖4,后端转动轴上连接有双级调速机构2,双级调速机构2中的滑移齿轮与滑移齿轮拔杆3相连接,双级调速机构2的输入轴与三相异步电动机1输出轴相连接。The head frame components include a three-phase asynchronous motor 1, a two-stage speed regulating mechanism 2, a left top 4, a sliding gear puller 3, a clip 5, and a pneumatic centering chuck, wherein the front end of the pneumatic centering chuck is provided with The left top 4 is connected with a two-stage speed regulating mechanism 2 on the rear end rotating shaft. The output shafts of the asynchronous motors are connected with each other.

头架部分还可以采用一个同步低速电动机,齿轮传动机构通过换置机构(滑移齿轮在花键轴上移动)完成双速变换,实现被测件的高速30r/min、低速15r/min两级速度的回转运动。高精度双顶尖支承是保证本仪器具有较高回转精度的关键结构。轴类零件以其中心孔定位,盘套类零件以与零件相配的测量芯轴上的中心孔定位。左顶尖4为固定顶尖,右顶尖7为可伸缩式顶尖。选用气动式定心夹盘。全跳动综合检查仪在线检测系统原理如图1所示,当被测轴转动时,其径向误差及轴向误差使轴产生移动,在x、y两个方向上移动量的大小即为轴的径向、轴向跳动量,由位移传感器对工件进行检测,将位移信号变成电信号,经放大后由A/D转换板送入计算机完成数据处理和实时显示。The head frame part can also use a synchronous low-speed motor, and the gear transmission mechanism can complete the two-speed conversion through the displacement mechanism (the sliding gear moves on the spline shaft), so as to realize the two-stage high-speed 30r/min and low-speed 15r/min of the tested part. Speed of rotary motion. The high-precision double-top support is the key structure to ensure the high rotation accuracy of the instrument. Shaft parts are positioned by their center holes, and disc sleeve parts are positioned by the center holes on the measuring mandrel matched with the parts. The left top 4 is a fixed top, and the right top 7 is a retractable top. Choose pneumatic centering chuck. The principle of the online detection system of the full runout comprehensive inspection instrument is shown in Figure 1. When the measured shaft rotates, its radial error and axial error will cause the shaft to move, and the amount of movement in the x and y directions is the axis The radial and axial runout of the workpiece is detected by the displacement sensor, and the displacement signal is converted into an electrical signal, which is amplified and sent to the computer by the A/D conversion board to complete data processing and real-time display.

底座部件包括三相同步电动机12,变速箱齿轮传动机构16,丝杠13,其中,丝杠13后端连接变速箱齿轮传动机构16,前端与测量滑板下面的传动螺母配合连接,变速箱齿轮传动机构16的输入轴与三相同步电动机12输出轴相连接。The base part includes a three-phase synchronous motor 12, a gearbox gear transmission mechanism 16, and a lead screw 13, wherein the rear end of the lead screw 13 is connected to the gearbox gear transmission mechanism 16, and the front end is connected with the transmission nut below the measuring slide plate, and the gearbox gear transmission The input shaft of the mechanism 16 is connected with the output shaft of the three-phase synchronous motor 12 .

底座部件采用一个三相同步小功率电动机12,测量机构的变速箱齿轮传动机构中利用滑移齿轮完成双速变换,实现丝杠带动测量机构的高速、低速两级速度的直线运动。The base part adopts a three-phase synchronous low-power motor 12, and the sliding gear is used in the gearbox gear transmission mechanism of the measuring mechanism to complete the two-speed conversion, so as to realize the linear motion of the high-speed and low-speed two-stage speeds of the measuring mechanism driven by the lead screw.

在总体结构中,利用计算机控制电机,驱动被测件的传动,利用电感位移传感器代替指示表,对运动中公差项目连续采样,并由测量电路对传感器31输出的电信号放大,经A/D转换后送入计算机进行数据处理.当被测件转动一周时,计算机将测量结果和误差曲线实时显示出来。In the overall structure, the computer is used to control the motor to drive the transmission of the tested part, and the inductive displacement sensor is used instead of the indicator to continuously sample the tolerance items in motion, and the electrical signal output by the sensor 31 is amplified by the measuring circuit, and the A/D After the conversion, it is sent to the computer for data processing. When the measured piece rotates for a circle, the computer will display the measurement result and error curve in real time.

对被测工件采用气动式定心夹盘进行定位,在电机驱动下作低速回转运动,根据要求检测的公差项目调整折叠式测量头传感器触点位置。测量头处于水平位置沿x轴匀速移动,可测量径向全跳动;测量头从铅垂位置旋转一定角度与圆柱面母线垂直时,测量轴向全跳动;处于水平位置的测量头同时沿y轴匀速移动,可测量端面全跳动。The workpiece to be tested is positioned by a pneumatic centering chuck, driven by a motor for low-speed rotary motion, and the sensor contact position of the folding measuring head is adjusted according to the tolerance items required to be detected. The measuring head moves at a constant speed along the x-axis in the horizontal position, and can measure the radial full runout; when the measuring head rotates from the vertical position at a certain angle and is perpendicular to the generatrix of the cylindrical surface, the axial full runout can be measured; the measuring head in the horizontal position moves along the y-axis at the same time Moving at a constant speed, it can measure the full runout of the end face.

调整测量装置使测量头进入线性量程内,通过头座的电机驱动,被测件做定轴回转运动,测量头可测量轴上每一微段上的圆跳动形位误差;如果此时测量头通过丝杆传递的轴向力做轴向直线运动,还可以测量在线性量程内被测件径向全跳动;如果要测量被测件的端面圆跳动,这时只需要把侧头弯折,纵向移动测量机构到所要测量的断面进行测量即可,这就是本机构能够多功能测量的原因。Adjust the measuring device so that the measuring head enters the linear range. Driven by the motor of the head base, the measured piece performs a fixed-axis rotary motion, and the measuring head can measure the circular runout error of each micro-segment on the axis; The axial force transmitted by the screw rod makes an axial linear motion, and it can also measure the radial runout of the tested part within the linear range; if you want to measure the end face circular runout of the tested part, you only need to bend the side head at this time, Just move the measuring mechanism longitudinally to the section to be measured for measurement, which is why this mechanism can perform multi-functional measurement.

如图2所示,测量装置包括立柱28,滑动托板21,传感器位置调整杆22,摩擦轮23,旋钮24,支臂定位套25,调整旋钮26,压块27,其中,立柱28固定连接在滑动托板21上,其上端可调连接支臂定位套25,支臂定位套25右端内可调连接传感器位置调整杆22,传感器位置调整杆22上面的凹槽内摩擦连接摩擦轮23,摩擦轮23与旋钮24相连接,支臂定位套25与立柱28之间设有压块27,压块27与调整旋钮26相连接。As shown in Figure 2, the measuring device includes a column 28, a sliding pallet 21, a sensor position adjustment lever 22, a friction wheel 23, a knob 24, a support arm positioning sleeve 25, an adjustment knob 26, and a pressing block 27, wherein the column 28 is fixedly connected On the sliding pallet 21, its upper end is adjustable to connect the support arm positioning sleeve 25, and the right end of the support arm positioning sleeve 25 is adjustable to connect the sensor position adjustment rod 22, and the friction wheel 23 is frictionally connected in the groove above the sensor position adjustment rod 22, The friction wheel 23 is connected with the knob 24 , and a briquetting block 27 is arranged between the support arm positioning sleeve 25 and the column 28 , and the briquetting block 27 is connected with the adjustment knob 26 .

Φ30螺纹式圆立柱28与滑动托板21采用M8的螺钉联接且保持垂直度要求在允差范围内,支臂定位套25和立柱28构成测量机构。转动支臂定位套25可调整测头与被测件轴线的垂直度,并通过螺钉锁紧。转动支臂定位套25上带有一个摩擦轮传动机构,通过调整旋钮24带动测量机构测头沿水平和铅直方向来回移动,以控制测头与工件的接触状态。测头在在根据测量项目和其他测量要求调节测头的位置,调整好后用小旋钮锁紧测量机构,同时进行测量。The Φ30 threaded round column 28 and the sliding supporting plate 21 are connected by M8 screws and the verticality is required to be within the tolerance range. The arm positioning sleeve 25 and the column 28 constitute a measuring mechanism. Rotate the support arm positioning sleeve 25 to adjust the perpendicularity between the measuring head and the axis of the measured piece, and lock it with screws. There is a friction wheel transmission mechanism on the positioning sleeve 25 of the rotating support arm, and the measuring head of the measuring mechanism is driven to move back and forth along the horizontal and vertical directions through the adjusting knob 24, so as to control the contact state between the measuring head and the workpiece. The probe is adjusting the position of the probe according to the measurement items and other measurement requirements. After the adjustment, use the small knob to lock the measurement mechanism and measure at the same time.

如图3,4所示,轴向、径向测量位置变换机构包括槽形圆柱杆33,螺纹立柱34,弹簧铁夹32,防松螺帽30,其中,槽形圆柱杆33的前端用螺钉拧入一个螺纹立柱34,螺纹立柱34上装夹一带圆孔的弹簧铁夹32和拧有防松螺帽30。As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the axial and radial measurement position transformation mechanism includes a grooved cylindrical rod 33, a threaded column 34, a spring iron clip 32, and a lock nut 30, wherein the front end of the grooved cylindrical rod 33 is screwed. Screw in a threaded column 34, a spring iron clip 32 with a round hole is clamped on the threaded column 34 and a locknut 30 is screwed.

通过调节弹簧铁夹32的位置实现轴向全跳动的自动化测量、径向全跳动半自动化测量的位置变换。在测量端面全跳动及有关项目时,可通过匀速转动测量机构上的摩擦轮,实现测头在端面上的径向移动。By adjusting the position of the spring iron clip 32, the automatic measurement of the axial full runout and the position transformation of the semi-automatic measurement of the radial full runout are realized. When measuring the full runout of the end face and related items, the radial movement of the probe on the end face can be realized by rotating the friction wheel on the measuring mechanism at a constant speed.

位移传感器31的精度及稳定性直接决定整个测量系统的精度和稳定性。本检测仪是为测量跳动公差等级为3~6级、直径为Φ10~Φ300mm的工件而设计的,允许的跳动误差为0.02~0.15μm。考虑到测量时工件和传感器分别作匀低速转动和滑动,振动较轻,根据传感器选择的一般原则,选择动态分辨率为0.13~0.15μm的传感器。The precision and stability of the displacement sensor 31 directly determine the precision and stability of the entire measuring system. This tester is designed for measuring workpieces with a runout tolerance grade of 3~6 and a diameter of Φ10~Φ300mm, and the allowable runout error is 0.02~0.15μm. Considering that the workpiece and the sensor rotate and slide at a uniform low speed respectively during measurement, and the vibration is relatively light, according to the general principle of sensor selection, a sensor with a dynamic resolution of 0.13-0.15 μm is selected.

采用接触式线位移传感器,即量头直接与被测件的被测表面接触,被测参数的变化,直接反映在量杆的移动量上,然后通过某种传感器转换为电量。如采用MCW-D型线位移传感器主要技术指标,它的主要特征参数见表1。The contact type linear displacement sensor is adopted, that is, the measuring head is directly in contact with the measured surface of the measured part, and the change of the measured parameter is directly reflected in the movement of the measuring rod, and then converted into electricity through a certain sensor. If the main technical indicators of the MCW-D linear displacement sensor are used, its main characteristic parameters are shown in Table 1.

表1  位移传感器技术参数Table 1 Displacement Sensor Technical Parameters

Figure G200910197779XD0000071
Figure G200910197779XD0000071

底座11和尾座设计,纵通过步进电机带动丝杠螺母进而实现测头架在被测件上的轴向自动移位,并在底座的刻度尺上读出测头的轴向位置。The base 11 and the tailstock are designed, and the stepping motor drives the lead screw nut to realize the axial automatic displacement of the probe holder on the measured piece, and read the axial position of the probe on the scale of the base.

底座11上的导轨为燕尾形导轨,高精度底座导轨底座11上有平面度较高的平导轨和直线度较高的侧导轨,侧导轨对两顶尖的回转轴线具有高精度的平行度。对导轨的基本要求为:①导向精度高,对于直线导轨,即要求直线度好;②运动轻便、平稳,无爬行现象;③有足够的承载能力;④稳定可靠,安装、使用方便。主要技术参数导轨精度为10μm/100mm。The guide rail on the base 11 is a dovetail guide rail, and the high-precision base guide rail has a higher flat guide rail and a higher straightness side guide rail on the base 11, and the side guide rails have high-precision parallelism to the axes of rotation of the two tops. The basic requirements for guide rails are: ① high guiding precision, for linear guide rails, good straightness is required; ② light and stable movement, no crawling phenomenon; ③ sufficient carrying capacity; ④ stable and reliable, easy to install and use. Main technical parameters The precision of guide rail is 10μm/100mm.

传动部分由高精度滚珠丝杠组成以适合应用于精密定位和精密测量的要求。传动部分安装有行程限位开关,可防止运动意外失控而损坏整机,使测量更为安全可靠。The transmission part is composed of high-precision ball screw to meet the requirements of precise positioning and precise measurement. The transmission part is equipped with a travel limit switch, which can prevent the accidental movement out of control and damage the whole machine, making the measurement safer and more reliable.

如图5所示,采用以计算机为控制核心的控制系统,承担测量过程的实时控制、数据采集、数据处理、检测结果的浏览、存储和打印测试等功能。为了实现这些功能,计算机系统由主机、接口板、键盘、USB接口、打印机等硬件组成。主机采用DELL计算机、接口有MS≥1213型A/D≥D/A转换板,功能扩展板等。高精度数据采集系统,设置滤波器、放大线性补偿器等,使得整个系统的技术指标较好。为了提高计算机系统的功能,在基本硬件组成基础上,设计和组装辅助工作装置,如光电编码器等,保证微机系统的正确可靠运行。As shown in Figure 5, the control system with the computer as the control core is used to undertake the functions of real-time control of the measurement process, data collection, data processing, browsing, storage and printing of test results. In order to realize these functions, the computer system is composed of host computer, interface board, keyboard, USB interface, printer and other hardware. The host computer adopts DELL computer, and the interface has MS≥1213 type A/D≥D/A conversion board, function expansion board, etc. High-precision data acquisition system, setting filters, amplifying linear compensators, etc., make the technical indicators of the whole system better. In order to improve the function of the computer system, on the basis of the basic hardware composition, design and assemble auxiliary working devices, such as photoelectric encoders, etc., to ensure the correct and reliable operation of the computer system.

主控程序提供一个集成化的测试环境和主测试界面,可选择测试项目和项目测试的功能,同时还具有系统管理、知识库管理等功能。用户界面采用测试项目选择窗口、测试窗口和帮助窗口,先确定需要测定的公差项目,根据公差项目进入相应的测量程序中,然后数据采集卡对位移传感器的数据进行采集和A/D转换,计算机根据读入的数据对电机和行程开关进行实时控制。整个测试过程均有帮助和操作提示。The main control program provides an integrated test environment and the main test interface, which can select test items and project test functions, and also has functions such as system management and knowledge base management. The user interface adopts the test item selection window, test window and help window, firstly determine the tolerance items to be measured, enter the corresponding measurement program according to the tolerance items, and then the data acquisition card collects and A/D converts the data of the displacement sensor, and the computer According to the data read in, the motor and the travel switch are controlled in real time. There are help and operation prompts throughout the testing process.

计算机软件包括:数据采集、数据处理、测试信号的实时屏幕显示、谐波分析、数据输出及检测曲线的绘制等软件功能。考虑到近距离信息的实时性,采用外中断方式采集。Computer software includes: data acquisition, data processing, real-time screen display of test signals, harmonic analysis, data output and detection curve drawing and other software functions. Taking into account the real-time nature of short-distance information, the external interruption method is used to collect.

动态测量数据中包括硬件本身引入的随机误差和工件表面粗糙度引起的误差值,经A/D转换所得数据包含干扰噪声,要求必须对采样数据进行数据处理,加以滤除噪声,尤其是对精密工件的测量。The dynamic measurement data includes the random error introduced by the hardware itself and the error value caused by the surface roughness of the workpiece. The data obtained through A/D conversion contains interference noise. It is required to perform data processing on the sampled data to filter out the noise, especially for precision Workpiece measurement.

由于低通数字滤波器的截止频率比模拟滤波器的低,低通数字滤波对滤除变化极缓慢的被测信号的干扰是很有效的。精加工工件表面的跳动误差经传感器转换后得到缓变信号,测量数据中包含的随机误差量一般属高频成分,可用低通滤波的方法有效地去除。为了提高测量的可靠性和精度,利用软件算法的灵活性,故选择低通数字滤波。Because the cut-off frequency of the low-pass digital filter is lower than that of the analog filter, the low-pass digital filter is very effective in filtering out the interference of the measured signal that changes very slowly. The runout error on the surface of the finished workpiece is converted by the sensor to obtain a slowly changing signal. The random error contained in the measurement data is generally a high-frequency component, which can be effectively removed by low-pass filtering. In order to improve the reliability and precision of the measurement and utilize the flexibility of the software algorithm, low-pass digital filtering is selected.

Claims (5)

1. total run-out comprehensive measuring instrument, comprise base member, headstock parts, measure sled mechanism, measurement mechanism, axially, radial measurement evolution mechanism, control circuit, computing machine, it is characterized in that: a left side above the base of described base member (11), right two ends are separately installed with headstock parts and by the right side top (7), latch mechanism (8), the right Finial device that right dead head (9) and handwheel (10) constitute, the measurement sled mechanism (6) that laterally moves is installed above the centre, measure to be equipped with between sled mechanism (6) and the base member and measure the slide plate gear train, above measuring sled mechanism (6) measurement mechanism (15) is installed, be provided with above the measurement mechanism (15) axially, radial measurement evolution mechanism, the sensor signal output terminal of measurement mechanism (15) connects control circuit successively, computing machine, stepper motor driving circuit, stepper motor driving circuit output terminal connect headstock drive motor and slide plate drive motor respectively.
2. total run-out comprehensive measuring instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described headstock parts comprise threephase asynchronous (1), twin-stage speed adjusting gear (2), a left side top (4), shifting slide gear dead man (3), clip (5), pneumatic type centering chuck, wherein, pneumatic type centering chuck front end is provided with a left side top (4), be connected with twin-stage speed adjusting gear (2) on the rotation axis of rear end, the shifting slide gear in the twin-stage speed adjusting gear (2) is connected with shifting slide gear dead man (3), and the input shaft of twin-stage speed adjusting gear (2) is connected with threephase asynchronous (1) output shaft.
3. total run-out comprehensive measuring instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described base member comprises three-phase synchronous motor (12), gearbox gear gear train (16), leading screw (13), wherein, leading screw (13) rear end connects gearbox gear gear train (16), and the transmission nut of front end below the measurement slide plate is connected, and the input shaft of gearbox gear gear train (16) is connected with three-phase synchronous motor (12) output shaft.
4. total run-out comprehensive measuring instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described measurement mechanism comprises column (28), slip blade (21), sensing station adjusting lever (22), friction pulley (23), knob (24), support arm locating sleeve (25), adjust knob (26), briquetting (27), wherein, column (28) is fixedly connected on the slip blade (21), its upper end adjustable connection support arm locating sleeve (25), friction connects friction pulley (23) in the groove above the adjustable connection sensing station adjusting lever (22) in support arm locating sleeve (25) right-hand member, sensing station adjusting lever (22), and friction pulley (23) is connected with knob (24), be provided with briquetting (27) between support arm locating sleeve (25) and the column (28), briquetting (27) is connected with adjustment knob (26).
5. total run-out comprehensive measuring instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described axially, radial measurement evolution mechanism comprises flute profile cylindrical bar (33), screw thread column (34), spring iron clamp (32), jam nut (30), wherein, the front end of flute profile cylindrical bar (33) is screwed into a screw thread column (34) with screw, and screw thread column (34) is gone up the spring iron clamp (32) of clamping one band circular hole and is screwed with jam nut (30).
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