CN101696872A - Total run-out comprehensive measuring instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a full runout comprehensive inspection instrument, which comprises a base part, a head frame part, a measuring slide mechanism, a measuring device, an axial and radial measuring position transformation mechanism, a control circuit and a computer. The left and right ends of the base are respectively equipped with a head frame part and a right top device, and a measuring slide mechanism for lateral movement is installed in the middle, and a measuring slide transmission mechanism is installed between the measuring slide mechanism and the base part. Measuring device, the measuring device is equipped with an axial and radial measuring position change mechanism, the sensor signal output end of the measuring device is connected to the control circuit, computer, stepping motor drive circuit, and the output end of the stepping motor driving circuit is respectively connected to the head frame drive Motor and skateboard drive motor. The invention integrates mechanical control, data collection and data processing. Computer-controlled automation realizes automatic data collection and processing of shaft parts. It is easy to operate and control, and has a high energy efficiency ratio.

Description

Full beating comprehensive inspection instrument

technical field

The invention relates to a tolerance measuring instrument for shaft parts, in particular to an automatic comprehensive detection for tolerance items such as straightness, roundness, end surface circular runout, radial circular runout, end surface full runout, axial full runout, etc. instrument.

Background technique

Due to the lack of full runout tolerance testing equipment, designers rarely mark full runout tolerance items on product drawings. The full runout error of shaft parts has a direct impact on the working accuracy and life of the machine, and it has even more impact on machines and precision mechanical instruments that work under high temperature and heavy load conditions, such as the spindle of high-precision CNC lathes. Runout directly affects the accuracy of the machined parts. In view of this, a full runout comprehensive inspection instrument is designed, which uses a stepping motor to drive the shaft parts to rotate, a linear displacement sensor to complete data sampling, and a computer to control the detection process and process real-time data. The folding measuring head can complete the measurement functions of roundness, axis straightness, radial circular runout, axial full runout, end face circular runout, end face full runout, etc., and realize the collection of measurement data at several points within a week, avoiding two The error caused by the first installation and clamping of the measured part can be used to make an accurate evaluation of the part.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims to solve the problem of lack of full runout tolerance detection equipment, and provides a full runout comprehensive inspection instrument.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of comprehensive beating inspection instrument, comprises base part, headstock part, measuring slide plate mechanism, measuring device, axial, radial measuring position transformation mechanism, control circuit, computer, it is characterized in that : The left and right ends of the base are respectively equipped with a head frame component and a right top device composed of a right top, a locking mechanism, a right top seat and a hand wheel, and a horizontally moving measuring slide mechanism is installed on the middle, and the measuring slide mechanism and A measuring slide plate transmission mechanism is installed between the base parts, a measuring device is installed on the measuring slide plate mechanism, and an axial and radial measuring position conversion mechanism is arranged on the measuring device. The sensor signal output end of the measuring device is connected to the control circuit, computer, step Enter the motor drive circuit, and the output end of the step motor drive circuit is respectively connected to the head frame drive motor and the slide plate drive motor.

The head frame components include a three-phase asynchronous motor, a two-stage speed regulating mechanism, a left top, a sliding gear puller, a clamp, and a pneumatic centering chuck. The shaft is connected with a two-stage speed regulating mechanism, the sliding gear in the two-stage speed regulating mechanism is connected with the sliding gear pulling rod, and the input shaft of the two-stage speed regulating mechanism is connected with the output shaft of the three-phase asynchronous motor.

The base part includes a three-phase synchronous motor, a gearbox gear transmission mechanism, and a lead screw. The output shafts of the three-phase synchronous motors are connected in phase.

The measuring mechanism includes a column, a sliding support plate, a sensor position adjustment lever, a friction wheel, a knob, a positioning sleeve, an adjustment knob, and a pressure block. The sensor position adjustment rod is adjustable inside, and the groove above the sensor position adjustment rod is frictionally connected to the friction wheel, the friction wheel is connected with the knob, a briquetting block is arranged between the positioning sleeve and the column, and the briquetting block is connected with the adjustment knob.

The axial and radial measuring position transformation mechanism includes a grooved cylindrical rod, a threaded column, a spring iron clamp, and a lock nut. Among them, the front end of the grooved cylindrical rod is screwed into a threaded column with a screw, and a round hole is clamped on the threaded column. Spring iron clips and screwed locknuts.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention integrates mechanical control, data collection and data processing. The rotary motion of the measured part and the linear motion of the measuring mechanism are respectively controlled by a three-phase asynchronous low-power motor and a three-phase synchronous low-power motor through a gear transmission system reduction device, and can provide high, Low two-speed operation. That is to say, there are four matching running speeds in the whole transmission system, and computer-controlled automation realizes automatic data collection and processing of shaft parts. It is easy to operate and control, and has a high energy efficiency ratio.

It is used for the automatic measurement of multi-tolerance items of shaft parts with a part size range of Φ300～Φ800mm, and has reference significance for the design of tolerance computer-aided measurement of large-size shaft parts. It greatly improves the automation level of the full runout tolerance measurement of shaft parts, reduces the error caused by human factors, reduces the labor intensity of testing personnel, and improves the production efficiency of products.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structure of the utility model and working principle figure;

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the measuring device;

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of an axial and radial measuring position transformation mechanism;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view along A-A in the figure;

Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention will be further described

As shown in Fig. 1, the full run-out comprehensive inspection of the present invention includes a base part, a head frame part, a measuring slide mechanism, a measuring device, an axial and radial measuring position transformation mechanism, a control circuit, and a computer.

The left and right ends of the base 11 are respectively equipped with a head frame component and a right top device composed of a right top 7, a locking mechanism 8, a right top seat 9 and a hand wheel 10, and a measuring slide mechanism 6 for lateral movement is installed on the middle , a measuring slide plate transmission mechanism is installed between the measuring slide plate mechanism 6 and the base part, a measuring device 15 is installed on the measuring slide plate mechanism 6, and the measuring device 15 is provided with an axial and radial measuring position conversion mechanism and a sensor signal of the measuring device 15 The output end is sequentially connected with the control circuit, the computer, and the stepping motor driving circuit, and the output ends of the stepping motor driving circuit are respectively connected with the head frame driving motor and the slide plate driving motor.

The entire measuring mechanism moves horizontally and vertically, the tip and the clamping mechanism drive the tested piece (shaft part) to rotate, and the full runout error value is detected within the length of the shaft.

The head frame components include a three-phase asynchronous motor 1, a two-stage speed regulating mechanism 2, a left top 4, a sliding gear puller 3, a clip 5, and a pneumatic centering chuck, wherein the front end of the pneumatic centering chuck is provided with The left top 4 is connected with a two-stage speed regulating mechanism 2 on the rear end rotating shaft. The output shafts of the asynchronous motors are connected with each other.

The head frame part can also use a synchronous low-speed motor, and the gear transmission mechanism can complete the two-speed conversion through the displacement mechanism (the sliding gear moves on the spline shaft), so as to realize the two-stage high-speed 30r/min and low-speed 15r/min of the tested part. Speed of rotary motion. The high-precision double-top support is the key structure to ensure the high rotation accuracy of the instrument. Shaft parts are positioned by their center holes, and disc sleeve parts are positioned by the center holes on the measuring mandrel matched with the parts. The left top 4 is a fixed top, and the right top 7 is a retractable top. Choose pneumatic centering chuck. The principle of the online detection system of the full runout comprehensive inspection instrument is shown in Figure 1. When the measured shaft rotates, its radial error and axial error will cause the shaft to move, and the amount of movement in the x and y directions is the axis The radial and axial runout of the workpiece is detected by the displacement sensor, and the displacement signal is converted into an electrical signal, which is amplified and sent to the computer by the A/D conversion board to complete data processing and real-time display.

The base part includes a three-phase synchronous motor 12, a gearbox gear transmission mechanism 16, and a lead screw 13, wherein the rear end of the lead screw 13 is connected to the gearbox gear transmission mechanism 16, and the front end is connected with the transmission nut below the measuring slide plate, and the gearbox gear transmission The input shaft of the mechanism 16 is connected with the output shaft of the three-phase synchronous motor 12 .

The base part adopts a three-phase synchronous low-power motor 12, and the sliding gear is used in the gearbox gear transmission mechanism of the measuring mechanism to complete the two-speed conversion, so as to realize the linear motion of the high-speed and low-speed two-stage speeds of the measuring mechanism driven by the lead screw.

In the overall structure, the computer is used to control the motor to drive the transmission of the tested part, and the inductive displacement sensor is used instead of the indicator to continuously sample the tolerance items in motion, and the electrical signal output by the sensor 31 is amplified by the measuring circuit, and the A/D After the conversion, it is sent to the computer for data processing. When the measured piece rotates for a circle, the computer will display the measurement result and error curve in real time.

The workpiece to be tested is positioned by a pneumatic centering chuck, driven by a motor for low-speed rotary motion, and the sensor contact position of the folding measuring head is adjusted according to the tolerance items required to be detected. The measuring head moves at a constant speed along the x-axis in the horizontal position, and can measure the radial full runout; when the measuring head rotates from the vertical position at a certain angle and is perpendicular to the generatrix of the cylindrical surface, the axial full runout can be measured; the measuring head in the horizontal position moves along the y-axis at the same time Moving at a constant speed, it can measure the full runout of the end face.

Adjust the measuring device so that the measuring head enters the linear range. Driven by the motor of the head base, the measured piece performs a fixed-axis rotary motion, and the measuring head can measure the circular runout error of each micro-segment on the axis; The axial force transmitted by the screw rod makes an axial linear motion, and it can also measure the radial runout of the tested part within the linear range; if you want to measure the end face circular runout of the tested part, you only need to bend the side head at this time, Just move the measuring mechanism longitudinally to the section to be measured for measurement, which is why this mechanism can perform multi-functional measurement.

As shown in Figure 2, the measuring device includes a column 28, a sliding pallet 21, a sensor position adjustment lever 22, a friction wheel 23, a knob 24, a support arm positioning sleeve 25, an adjustment knob 26, and a pressing block 27, wherein the column 28 is fixedly connected On the sliding pallet 21, its upper end is adjustable to connect the support arm positioning sleeve 25, and the right end of the support arm positioning sleeve 25 is adjustable to connect the sensor position adjustment rod 22, and the friction wheel 23 is frictionally connected in the groove above the sensor position adjustment rod 22, The friction wheel 23 is connected with the knob 24 , and a briquetting block 27 is arranged between the support arm positioning sleeve 25 and the column 28 , and the briquetting block 27 is connected with the adjustment knob 26 .

The Φ30 threaded round column 28 and the sliding supporting plate 21 are connected by M8 screws and the verticality is required to be within the tolerance range. The arm positioning sleeve 25 and the column 28 constitute a measuring mechanism. Rotate the support arm positioning sleeve 25 to adjust the perpendicularity between the measuring head and the axis of the measured piece, and lock it with screws. There is a friction wheel transmission mechanism on the positioning sleeve 25 of the rotating support arm, and the measuring head of the measuring mechanism is driven to move back and forth along the horizontal and vertical directions through the adjusting knob 24, so as to control the contact state between the measuring head and the workpiece. The probe is adjusting the position of the probe according to the measurement items and other measurement requirements. After the adjustment, use the small knob to lock the measurement mechanism and measure at the same time.

As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the axial and radial measurement position transformation mechanism includes a grooved cylindrical rod 33, a threaded column 34, a spring iron clip 32, and a lock nut 30, wherein the front end of the grooved cylindrical rod 33 is screwed. Screw in a threaded column 34, a spring iron clip 32 with a round hole is clamped on the threaded column 34 and a locknut 30 is screwed.

By adjusting the position of the spring iron clip 32, the automatic measurement of the axial full runout and the position transformation of the semi-automatic measurement of the radial full runout are realized. When measuring the full runout of the end face and related items, the radial movement of the probe on the end face can be realized by rotating the friction wheel on the measuring mechanism at a constant speed.

The precision and stability of the displacement sensor 31 directly determine the precision and stability of the entire measuring system. This tester is designed for measuring workpieces with a runout tolerance grade of 3~6 and a diameter of Φ10~Φ300mm, and the allowable runout error is 0.02~0.15μm. Considering that the workpiece and the sensor rotate and slide at a uniform low speed respectively during measurement, and the vibration is relatively light, according to the general principle of sensor selection, a sensor with a dynamic resolution of 0.13-0.15 μm is selected.

The contact type linear displacement sensor is adopted, that is, the measuring head is directly in contact with the measured surface of the measured part, and the change of the measured parameter is directly reflected in the movement of the measuring rod, and then converted into electricity through a certain sensor. If the main technical indicators of the MCW-D linear displacement sensor are used, its main characteristic parameters are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Displacement Sensor Technical Parameters

The base 11 and the tailstock are designed, and the stepping motor drives the lead screw nut to realize the axial automatic displacement of the probe holder on the measured piece, and read the axial position of the probe on the scale of the base.

The guide rail on the base 11 is a dovetail guide rail, and the high-precision base guide rail has a higher flat guide rail and a higher straightness side guide rail on the base 11, and the side guide rails have high-precision parallelism to the axes of rotation of the two tops. The basic requirements for guide rails are: ① high guiding precision, for linear guide rails, good straightness is required; ② light and stable movement, no crawling phenomenon; ③ sufficient carrying capacity; ④ stable and reliable, easy to install and use. Main technical parameters The precision of guide rail is 10μm/100mm.

The transmission part is composed of high-precision ball screw to meet the requirements of precise positioning and precise measurement. The transmission part is equipped with a travel limit switch, which can prevent the accidental movement out of control and damage the whole machine, making the measurement safer and more reliable.

As shown in Figure 5, the control system with the computer as the control core is used to undertake the functions of real-time control of the measurement process, data collection, data processing, browsing, storage and printing of test results. In order to realize these functions, the computer system is composed of host computer, interface board, keyboard, USB interface, printer and other hardware. The host computer adopts DELL computer, and the interface has MS≥1213 type A/D≥D/A conversion board, function expansion board, etc. High-precision data acquisition system, setting filters, amplifying linear compensators, etc., make the technical indicators of the whole system better. In order to improve the function of the computer system, on the basis of the basic hardware composition, design and assemble auxiliary working devices, such as photoelectric encoders, etc., to ensure the correct and reliable operation of the computer system.

The main control program provides an integrated test environment and the main test interface, which can select test items and project test functions, and also has functions such as system management and knowledge base management. The user interface adopts the test item selection window, test window and help window, firstly determine the tolerance items to be measured, enter the corresponding measurement program according to the tolerance items, and then the data acquisition card collects and A/D converts the data of the displacement sensor, and the computer According to the data read in, the motor and the travel switch are controlled in real time. There are help and operation prompts throughout the testing process.

Computer software includes: data acquisition, data processing, real-time screen display of test signals, harmonic analysis, data output and detection curve drawing and other software functions. Taking into account the real-time nature of short-distance information, the external interruption method is used to collect.

The dynamic measurement data includes the random error introduced by the hardware itself and the error value caused by the surface roughness of the workpiece. The data obtained through A/D conversion contains interference noise. It is required to perform data processing on the sampled data to filter out the noise, especially for precision Workpiece measurement.

Because the cut-off frequency of the low-pass digital filter is lower than that of the analog filter, the low-pass digital filter is very effective in filtering out the interference of the measured signal that changes very slowly. The runout error on the surface of the finished workpiece is converted by the sensor to obtain a slowly changing signal. The random error contained in the measurement data is generally a high-frequency component, which can be effectively removed by low-pass filtering. In order to improve the reliability and precision of the measurement and utilize the flexibility of the software algorithm, low-pass digital filtering is selected.

Claims (5)

1. total run-out comprehensive measuring instrument, comprise base member, headstock parts, measure sled mechanism, measurement mechanism, axially, radial measurement evolution mechanism, control circuit, computing machine, it is characterized in that: a left side above the base of described base member (11), right two ends are separately installed with headstock parts and by the right side top (7), latch mechanism (8), the right Finial device that right dead head (9) and handwheel (10) constitute, the measurement sled mechanism (6) that laterally moves is installed above the centre, measure to be equipped with between sled mechanism (6) and the base member and measure the slide plate gear train, above measuring sled mechanism (6) measurement mechanism (15) is installed, be provided with above the measurement mechanism (15) axially, radial measurement evolution mechanism, the sensor signal output terminal of measurement mechanism (15) connects control circuit successively, computing machine, stepper motor driving circuit, stepper motor driving circuit output terminal connect headstock drive motor and slide plate drive motor respectively.

2. total run-out comprehensive measuring instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described headstock parts comprise threephase asynchronous (1), twin-stage speed adjusting gear (2), a left side top (4), shifting slide gear dead man (3), clip (5), pneumatic type centering chuck, wherein, pneumatic type centering chuck front end is provided with a left side top (4), be connected with twin-stage speed adjusting gear (2) on the rotation axis of rear end, the shifting slide gear in the twin-stage speed adjusting gear (2) is connected with shifting slide gear dead man (3), and the input shaft of twin-stage speed adjusting gear (2) is connected with threephase asynchronous (1) output shaft.

3. total run-out comprehensive measuring instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described base member comprises three-phase synchronous motor (12), gearbox gear gear train (16), leading screw (13), wherein, leading screw (13) rear end connects gearbox gear gear train (16), and the transmission nut of front end below the measurement slide plate is connected, and the input shaft of gearbox gear gear train (16) is connected with three-phase synchronous motor (12) output shaft.

4. total run-out comprehensive measuring instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described measurement mechanism comprises column (28), slip blade (21), sensing station adjusting lever (22), friction pulley (23), knob (24), support arm locating sleeve (25), adjust knob (26), briquetting (27), wherein, column (28) is fixedly connected on the slip blade (21), its upper end adjustable connection support arm locating sleeve (25), friction connects friction pulley (23) in the groove above the adjustable connection sensing station adjusting lever (22) in support arm locating sleeve (25) right-hand member, sensing station adjusting lever (22), and friction pulley (23) is connected with knob (24), be provided with briquetting (27) between support arm locating sleeve (25) and the column (28), briquetting (27) is connected with adjustment knob (26).

5. total run-out comprehensive measuring instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described axially, radial measurement evolution mechanism comprises flute profile cylindrical bar (33), screw thread column (34), spring iron clamp (32), jam nut (30), wherein, the front end of flute profile cylindrical bar (33) is screwed into a screw thread column (34) with screw, and screw thread column (34) is gone up the spring iron clamp (32) of clamping one band circular hole and is screwed with jam nut (30).

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