CN101693559A - Horizontal solar membrane distiller for vacuum and direct contact - Google Patents
Horizontal solar membrane distiller for vacuum and direct contact Download PDFInfo
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- CN101693559A CN101693559A CN200910154019A CN200910154019A CN101693559A CN 101693559 A CN101693559 A CN 101693559A CN 200910154019 A CN200910154019 A CN 200910154019A CN 200910154019 A CN200910154019 A CN 200910154019A CN 101693559 A CN101693559 A CN 101693559A
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 143
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
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- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 12
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- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 4
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/211—Solar-powered water purification
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/33—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using wind energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
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- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a horizontal solar membrane distiller for vacuum and direct contact, which comprises a membrane module, a hot working medium heating system and a cold working medium cooling system, wherein the hot working medium heating system is a hot side loop composed of a solar thermal-collection water receiver, a membrane module hot-water inlet, a membrane module hot-water outlet and a hot-side recycle pump; the cold working medium cooling system is a cold side loop composed of a membrane module condensed-water outlet, a heat exchanger, a condensed water collector, a cold-side control valve, a cold-side recycle pump and a condensed water inlet; and the condensed water collector is communicated with a vacuum pump through a vacuum control valve. The distiller of the invention integrates the membrane distillation vacuum mode and the direct contact mode, and the two different modes for preparing drinking water can be converted flexibly and conveniently.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of distillation device, relate in particular to a kind of low-grade energy solar energy that utilizes as the vacuum of membrane distillation motivating force or directly contact dual-purpose horizontal membrane distillation system drinking water apparatus.
Background technology
As everyone knows, China is a country that drought and water shortage is serious.The Freshwater resources total amount is 28000 billion cubic meters, account for 6% of water globe resource, be only second to Brazil, Russia and Canadian, occupy the 4th in the world, but have only 2200 cubic metres per capita, only be world average level 1/4, the U.S. 1/5, rank 121 in the world, be the whole world one of 13 countries that water resources is the poorest per capita.According to statistics, there is city over half lack of water in various degree in the whole nation in more than 600 city, and coastal cities are no exception, even even more serious.China's Urban water supply at present is based on surface water or underground water, and perhaps two kinds of water sources mix and use, groundwater table decreasing is caused because of the underground water overexploitation in some city, and the city that has has formed the big funnel of hundreds of square kilometre, makes the tens of kilometers of inwelling.Because the discharging wantonly of trade effluent causes surface water, underground water more than 80% contaminated.
In some poor transports, the underdeveloped area of electric power; for example: the place of island, desert and Freshwater resources poorness from far-off regions; and the surface water that drink central and west regions mostly is the high fluorine brackish water in high ore deposit; can utilize these regional abundant solar energy resources and film distillation technology to come to provide long-continued domestic water and tap water fully for these areas; thisly utilize the renewable energy resources both to solve the energy shortage problem protection environment is arranged, significant to the sustainable use water resources.
Because tellurian seawater and salt water reserves are huge, account for 97% of the total moisture storage capacity of the earth.Therefore, seawater and brackish water desalination are effectively to solve one of method of shortage of fresh water.Film distillation technology, especially solar membrane distillation technology mainly can be used at aspects such as sea water desaltination and brackish water, preparation product pure water at present.Also be because film distillation technology has and can carry out isolating distinct advantages under the condition of normal pressure and a little higher than normal temperature and the membrane distillation system is simple, easy to operate.
Wherein sophisticated desalination technology mainly can be divided into distillation method and embrane method.Distillation method mainly comprises multiple-effect evaporation, multistage flash evaporation etc., and they can utilize economical energy resources such as used heat, nuclear energy, but equipment volume is big, working cost is high.
Reverse osmosis (RO) is most widely used embrane method desalination technology, needs to add high pressure in its process, though optimum value has been reduced to below 5.0～5.5MPa at present, this means still and need consume than macro-energy, and all strict to the requirement of equipment and film.The RO technology has higher requirements to water quality simultaneously, and seawater must pass through the various forms pre-treatment, removes greasy dirt, particle, bacterium algae in the seawater, makes it near the clear brine standard.Film material routine cleaning is eliminated obstruction, pollution, fouling, and these all are the very tight complex work of requirement.Therefore, (Membrane Distillation MD) obtains more and more investigators' concern to embrane method desalination technology-membrane distillation.
Membrane distillation is that a kind of dewatering microporous film that adopts is the membrane process of mass transfer motivating force with film both sides vapor pressure difference.Compare with other membrane process, membrane distillation has and can carry out isolating distinct advantages under the condition of normal pressure and a little higher than normal temperature, can make full use of economical energy resources such as sun power, wind energy, underground heat, industrial exhaust heat and used heat, and equipment is simple, easy to operate.
Membrane flux hangs down and remains the principal element that hinders the membrane distillation large-scale application up to now.Analyze its profound reason and mainly contain the following aspects:
1. conventional film distillation is with low, the easy pollution of membrane flux, therefore prepares resistant to pollution high flux membrane distillation and remains further to be goed deep into the research of film.
2. conventional film is distilled the assembly mass transfer, heat transfer property is relatively poor, so the membrane module structure design remains further to be optimized.
In recent years, the solar membrane distillation technology had obtained development faster, and the patent of China relevant solar membrane distillation aspect constantly is disclosed and authorizes:
Zhang Xinrong; People such as Ren Jianxun (patent name: the membrane distillation type water treating apparatus that utilizes sun power or used heat; Publication number: CN1396120; The open date: 2003.02.12) invented a kind of heat energy utilization, water treatment and environmental technology field of belonging to, comprised membrane module, solar energy collector or used heat heat collector, more than one recycle pump and drive unit thereof and the pipeline that connects each parts; Constituted the loop of stock liquid respectively, the loop of distillate side, and the additional pipeline of stock liquid.This invention can be handled stock liquid continuously, obtains life and tap water continuously; Can also save electrically heated, need not any power consumption; And can utilize interchanger to reclaim condensation latent heat, reduce the scale of required solar energy collector greatly.
Tian Rui; People such as Yang Xiaohong (patent name: a kind of solar membrane distillation system; The patent No.: 200520005444; The open date: on 09 27th, 2006) provides the utility model invention of a kind of solar membrane distillation system, comprise: hot working fluid heating system, membrane module, cold working medium cooling system, drive system and the pipeline that is connected each parts wherein add heat solar heating system, cold working medium cooling system employing sun power cooling system, drive system employing solar power system in described hot working fluid heating system.Can utilize solar heating and cooling working medium, the work of driving recycle pump like this, save a large amount of electric energy; Sun power is a kind of clean energy, can protect environment, makes solar energy resources obtain effective utilization.
Tian Rui; People such as Yang Xiaohong (patent name: a kind of portable sea-water desalination device by solar membrane distillation; The patent No.: CN1827532; The open date: 2006.09.06) invention is a kind of portable sea-water desalination device by solar membrane distillation, this device comprises: sea container, the bottom surface of described sea container is a hydrophobic film, be tightly connected with the periphery of sea container, the below of the described hydrophobic film certain clearance of being separated by is provided with a cooling plate, on this cooling plate water outlet is arranged, and described gap is an air gap, sea container is provided with water inlet pipe, and this sea container is provided with solar heat collector.Place when using across the sea, also can comprise a floatation device, this device tilts across the sea floating, fully absorbs sun power.This device has been used air gap membrane distillation principle, has made full use of island area abundant solar energy resources and seawater resources; Simple in structure, be easy to carry, cost is low, brings great convenience for the soldier's on geographic resident in island and defendance island work life.
Zhou Xiantao; Pan Jiazhen (patent name: a kind of membrane distillation water-treatment plant; Publication number: CN201049894; The open date: 2008.04.23) invent a kind of membrane distillation water-treatment plant, it is characterized in that comprising stock liquid inlet ductwork, film side raw material liquid chamber, material outlet pipeline, hydrophobic micropore membrane module, film side distillation liquid chamber and distillate export pipeline; The outside with the corresponding partition of microporous membrane assembly in the described film side raw material liquid chamber is and the contacted dried wall of environment that the outside with the corresponding partition of microporous membrane assembly in the film side distillation liquid chamber is and the contacted wet wall of environment.This device obtains heat automatically and comes heating raw liquid from environment, obtain low-temperature receiver automatically and cool off distillate from environment, and not needing provides the energy for the operation of installing artificially; This device can be handled stock liquid continuously, obtains distillate continuously; This device not only can move under the situation of the sun not having, and also can move at night; Both can disperse on a small scale to implement, also can integratedly use.
The solar water heater of area that are fairly developed economically generally uses at present, but be subjected to the influence in season, solar energy utilization rate is not high when summer, a large amount of heat energy that obtain can not effectively be utilized, solar energy membrane assembly of the present invention can with a large amount of photo-thermal heat collector logotypes of using, particularly hotel at present, the restaurant, large solar heat collectors such as school are connected, and coupling is used, and is used for the preparation of pure water.Provide the space to utilizing sun power to prepare pure water.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of membrane flux height, produce that the water cost is low, film is replaceable and horizontal dual-purpose sun power hollow-fibre membrane distillation device that can large-scale application.
A kind of vacuum or directly contact dual-purpose horizontal solar distillation device, comprise membrane module, hot working fluid heating system and cold working medium cooling system, wherein the hot working fluid heating system is the hot side loop of solar energy heating water receiver, membrane module hot water inlet, membrane module hot water outlet, hot side recycle pump composition; Cold working medium cooling system is the cold-side loop of membrane module condensation-water drain, interchanger, condensate collector, cold side by-pass valve control, cold side recycle pump, condensing water inlet composition, and condensate collector is communicated with vacuum pump by the vacuum control valve.
Described membrane module comprises some lists and props up membrane element, single membrane element is embedded into sealing and fixing in the flange form end socket that has embedded groove, stage casing at membrane module is provided with division board, utilize division board to separate between single the membrane element, the commentaries on classics heat that is dispersed with the process that helps membrane distillation of internal membrane assembly, mass transfer, the efficient of raising membrane distillation; The effect of this intermediate isolating plate also can make the hollow-fibre membrane in stage casing keep parallel with the stock liquid flow direction, is unlikely to the too crooked efficient that influences membrane distillation.Single the membrane element the other end inserts in the embedded groove of flange form end socket too, puts shell, then two ends cover upper cover.
Described list props up membrane element to be made up of the porous hydrophobic hollow-fibre membrane, and the porous hydrophobic hollow-fibre membrane adopts and disperses grid to disperse, so that in the membrane distillation process, the water vapour that sees through fenestra does not diffuse into contiguous tubular fibre membranous wall and gets on.
Described list props up membrane element and is embedded into that the sealing and fixing method is in the flange form end socket that has embedded groove: embed rubber washer in embedded groove, then the end socket of single membrane element is squeezed in the embedded groove.Identical rubber washer extruding fixed method is adopted in the other end.This list props up membrane element and is embedded into that the sealing and fixing method is detachable in the flange form end socket that has embedded groove, if when also promptly single membrane element exists situations such as fracture of wire, leakage, fenestra obstruction to take place, can dismantle and change.
By above operation, the list that can embed some same specifications in the whole assembly props up membrane element, makes the good spatial joint clearance of maintenance between single the membrane element, helps the commentaries on classics heat of membrane distillation, Pignus pignoris process, the efficient of raising membrane distillation.Membrane module can keep good sealing property when the device operation, the assembly good dispersity, and the unimodule volume is little, and is in light weight, and with the assembly end socket, shell easily splits, and has improved packaging efficiency, makes things convenient for the maintenance of assembly, changes.
The material of porous hydrophobic hollow-fibre membrane is some traditional tubular fibre membrane polymer, as: polypropylene, polysulfones, tetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) etc., the present invention is polypropylene and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) preferably.Porous hydrophobic hollow-fibre membrane internal diameter is 0.1～2mm, and external diameter is 0.6～2.8mm, wall thickness 0.1～0.3mm, the voidage 50～85% of tubular fibre membranous wall, maximum diameter of hole 0.1-1.0 μ m, single membrane module length 50～100cm.
Film bundle dispersive mode is not only by reducing the hollow-fibre membrane radical of single membrane element encapsulation, and adopted special grid to come a minute throwaway to prop up hollow-fibre membrane in the membrane element, and adopt division board to make the good spatial joint clearance of maintenance between single membrane element and single the membrane element, guarantee the inexcessive sag bent of hollow-fibre membrane, play the effect of good dispersion membrane bundle.
Also comprise some by-pass valve controls of optimizing device, under meter, thermometer etc. in the device, can design the needs setting according to actual production.
The preparation drinking water technology process of this kind solar membrane distillation horizontal dual-purpose mass transfer is:
1. there is former water that the water source is provided, former water enters in the membrane module be heated to form the hot water of certain temperature through the solar energy heating water receiver after, hot water carries out mass transfer, heat transfer along the film surface, part vapour transmission fenestra, hot water flows back in the solar energy heating water receiver under the effect of recycle pump, has constituted hot side hot water circulation loop; At cold side, open the vacuum control valve, close the cold side by-pass valve control, utilize vacuum pump suction this moment, the water vapour that sees through film is fast through being collected in the condensate collector after the condenser liquefaction, by the collector detection water quality of can fetching water at any time.Condensation ability of swimming membrane distillation system (vacuum membrane distillation) is just collected for cold side provides the low pressure condensation by this cold side system.
2. there is former water that the water source is provided, former water enters in the membrane module after being heated the hot water of certain temperature after through the solar energy heating water receiver, hot water carries out mass transfer, heat transfer along the film surface, part vapour transmission fenestra, hot water flows back to the solar energy heating water receiver under the effect of recycle pump, constituted hot side loop; At cold side, close the vacuum control valve, open the cold side by-pass valve control, utilize the cold side recycle pump this moment, form cooling circulating water at cold side, the water vapour that sees through film is fast through entering in the recirculated water after recirculated cooling water and the condenser cooling, and liquid level evenly raises in condensate collector, and this constitutes cold-side loop, by the collector detection water quality of can fetching water at any time.Membrane distillation system (direct contact type membrane distillation) is just cooled off for cold side provides cold working medium circulation by this cold side system.
Apparatus of the present invention adopt the horizontal membrane module of particular design, and water vapour can discharge under vacuum condition.And cold-side loop can adopt two kinds of schemes, is respectively: a kind of is that cold side provides low pressure and condenser cooling to collect water of condensation; The another kind of import and export at cold side formed the loop by pipeline in recycle pump, utilize cold working medium directly to cool off the collection water of condensation at cold side, this device is gathered membrane distillation vacuum type and direct contact type dual mode in one, and two kinds of different preparation tap water modes are changed very flexible, convenient.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a horizontal solar distillation device structural representation of the present invention;
Wherein, 1-solar energy heating water receiver, 2-under meter, 3-membrane module, the hot side recycle pump of 4-, 5-interchanger, 6-condensate collector, 7-cold side recycle pump, 8-under meter, 9-vacuum pump, 10-first valve, 11-second valve, 13-flowrate control valve
Fig. 2 is the membrane module synoptic diagram;
Wherein, 31-embedded groove, 32-membrane module shell, 33-flange form end socket, 34-capping, 35 hot water inlets, the single membrane module seal gum of 36-, 37-cooling water inlet, 38-cooling water outlet, 39-porous hydrophobic hollow-fibre membrane, 310-hot water outlet, 311-division plate
Fig. 3 (a) is the division plate synoptic diagram;
Fig. 3 (b) is the cooperation figure of the hexagonal hole of membrane module embedded groove and division plate;
Fig. 3 (c) is the dispersion grid synoptic diagram of the hollow-fibre membrane of single membrane module;
Fig. 4 is the sectional view of membrane module;
Fig. 5 is the variation diagram of embodiment 1 membrane module permeate water flux with the import hot water temperature;
Fig. 6 is the variation diagram of embodiment 1 pure water specific conductivity with the operating time;
Fig. 7 be among the embodiment 17 this day of August solar energy collector hot water displays temperature, the comparison diagram of membrane module import and outlet hot water displays temperature;
Fig. 8 is the variation diagram of embodiment 1 accumulation permeate water flux with the operating time;
Fig. 9 utilizes the graph of a relation of heat for embodiment 1 solar energy collector hot water temperature and membrane distillation;
Figure 10 is embodiment 18.7; 8.11; 8.12 sun power is with the variation diagram of temperature-time in it;
Figure 11 is that embodiment 2 permeate water flux are with outlet hot water temperature variation diagram;
Figure 12 is the membrane module permeate water flux comparison diagram of embodiment 2 direct contact types and vacuum membrane distillation.
Embodiment
Horizontal solar distillation device as shown in Figure 1, comprise membrane module 3, hot working fluid heating system and cold working medium cooling system, wherein the hot working fluid heating system is the hot side hot water circulation loop of solar energy heating water receiver 1, flowrate control valve 13, membrane module hot water inlet 35, membrane module hot water outlet 310, hot side recycle pump 4 compositions; Cold working medium cooling system is the cold side water of condensation circulation loop of membrane module condensation-water drain 38, interchanger 5, condensate collector 6, cold side by-pass valve control (first valve 10 and second valve 11), cold side recycle pump 7, under meter 8, condensing water inlet 37 compositions, and condensate collector 6 is communicated with vacuum pump 9 by vacuum control valve 12.
Described membrane module structure as shown in Figure 2, with disperseing grid to disperse an amount of single membrane element seal gum 36 of porous hydrophobic hollow-fibre membrane 9 usefulness to be packaged into single membrane element, single membrane element is embedded in the flange form end socket 33 of embedded groove 31 of specification coupling, put membrane module shell 32, cover capping 34 again; With division board 311 single dispersive list is propped up between the membrane element in the stage casing of membrane module 3 and further disperse, the membrane module the other end inserts in the flange form end socket too, and is sealed at both ends fixing.
This device preparation drinking water technology flow process is:
1. there is former water that the water source is provided, become the hot water of certain temperature behind the former water process solar energy heating water receiver 1, the under meter 2 of flowing through again enters in the membrane module 3, water temperature can be observed by membrane module inlet temperature meter, hot water carries out mass transfer, heat transfer along the film surface, the vapour transmission fenestra of part vaporization, also there is thermometer in membrane module 3 exits, can read the outlet leaving water temperature(LWT), the hot water of lowering the temperature under the effect of hot side recycle pump 4 flows back to solar energy heating water receiver 1 then, has constituted hot side hot water circulation loop; At cold side, open vacuum control valve 12, close first valve 10 and second valve 11, utilize vacuum pump 9 suctions this moment, the water vapour that sees through film cools off fast through over-heat-exchanger 5, is collected in after the liquefaction in the condensate collector 6, by the condensate collector 6 detection water quality of can fetching water at any time.
2. there is former water that the water source is provided, after being heated through solar energy heating water receiver 1, former water becomes the hot water of certain temperature, the under meter 2 of flowing through again enters in the membrane module 3, water temperature can be observed by assembly inlet temperature meter, hot water carries out mass transfer, heat transfer along the film surface, part vapour transmission fenestra, also there is thermometer in membrane module 3 exits, can read the outlet leaving water temperature(LWT), the hot water flow of lowering the temperature under the effect of hot side recycle pump 4 is got back to solar energy heating water receiver 1 then, has constituted hot side hot water circulation loop; At cold side, close vacuum control valve 12, open first valve 10 and second valve 11, utilize cold side recycle pump 7 this moment, form cooling circulating water at cold side, the water vapour that sees through film is fast through entering in the recirculated water after recirculated cooling water and condenser 5 coolings, liquid level evenly raises in condensate collector 6, out temperature meter and under meter 8 can detect temperature and the flow that the refrigeration cycle water cycle is imported and exported respectively, the temperature of cold side recirculated water is controlled at 15 ℃～30 ℃, this constitutes cold side water of condensation round-robin loop, by the condensate collector 6 detection water quality of can fetching water at any time.
Solar energy evacuated membrane distillation method
After being heated through solar energy heating water receiver 1, pyrogen water becomes the hot water of certain temperature, flowing through, (flow control is at 50L/h～200L/h) enter in the membrane module 3 under meter 2 again, water temperature can be observed by assembly inlet temperature meter, hot water carries out mass transfer, heat transfer along the film surface, part vapour transmission fenestra, also there is thermometer in the membrane module exit, can read the outlet leaving water temperature(LWT), under the effect of hot side recycle pump 4, flow back to solar energy heating water receiver 1 then, constituted hot side circulation; At cold side, open vacuum control valve 12, close first valve 10 and second valve 11, utilize vacuum pump 9 (vacuum tightness of inlet side remains on 0.1Mpa) suction this moment, the water vapour that sees through film is fast through being collected in the condensate collector 6 after condenser 5 liquefaction, and condensed pure water constitutes cold-side loop for 20 ℃～30 ℃.
Porous hydrophobic hollow-fibre membrane 9 internal diameter average out to 1mm, external diameter is 1.5mm, wall thickness 0.25mm, porosity 85%, maximum diameter of hole 0.84 μ m.
According to the situation of solar energy collector absorption sun power, membrane flux is at 4～18L/m
2Between the h, but if 5～8 hours working times of every day can produce water inventory and reach 20～100L, shine upon every day under the reasonable situation of effect, at 10 in the morning to membrane distillation system between at 4 in afternoon can keep membrane flux preferably, produces water efficient and can produce water conductivity and be lower than 8 μ s/cm than higher.
The vacuum membrane distillation data are shown in Fig. 5-11.
Sun power contact method membrane distillation
After heating through solar energy heating water receiver 1, pyrogen water becomes the hot water of certain temperature, flowing through, (flow control is at 50L/h～200L/h) enter in the membrane module 3 under meter 2 again, water temperature can be observed by assembly inlet temperature meter, hot water carries out mass transfer, heat transfer along the film surface, part vapour transmission fenestra, also there is thermometer in the membrane module exit, can read the outlet leaving water temperature(LWT), the hot water of lowering the temperature under the effect of hot side recycle pump 4 partly flows back to the solar energy heating water receiver then, has constituted hot side hot water circulation loop; At cold side, close vacuum control valve 12, open first valve 10 and second valve 11, utilize cold side water circulating pump 7 this moment, form cooling circulating water at cold side, the water vapour that sees through film is fast through entering in the recirculated water after recirculated cooling water and condenser 5 coolings, liquid level evenly raises in water of condensation water collector 6, out temperature meter and under meter 8 can detect temperature and the flow that the refrigeration cycle water cycle is imported and exported respectively, the temperature of cold side recirculated water is controlled at 15 ℃～30 ℃, and this constitutes cold side water of condensation circulation loop.
Membrane flux is at 1.5～9L/m
2H, according to weather conditions, the solar irradiation time ratio is preferably under the situation, 5～8 hours working times of every day, can produce water inventory and reach 10～50L, 10 of every mornings to membrane distillation system between at 4 in afternoon can keep membrane flux preferably, producing water efficient can produce water conductivity and be lower than 10 μ s/cm than higher.
Direct contact type membrane distillation data are shown in Figure 12-13.
Claims (6)
1. a vacuum or directly contact dual-purpose horizontal solar distillation device, comprise membrane module, hot working fluid heating system and cold working medium cooling system, it is characterized in that: the hot working fluid heating system is the hot side loop of solar energy heating water receiver, membrane module hot water inlet, membrane module hot water outlet, hot side recycle pump composition; Cold working medium cooling system is the cold-side loop of membrane module condensation-water drain, interchanger, condensate collector, cold side by-pass valve control, cold side recycle pump, condensing water inlet composition, and condensate collector is communicated with vacuum pump by the vacuum control valve.
2. horizontal solar distillation device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the list that described membrane module comprises some hollow-fibre membranes compositions props up membrane element, single membrane element two ends are by Resins, epoxy or urethane sealing, single membrane element is embedded into sealing and fixing in the flange form end socket that has embedded groove, stage casing at membrane module is provided with division board, utilizes division board to separate between single the membrane element.
3. horizontal solar distillation device as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: described list props up membrane element to be made up of many porous hydrophobic hollow-fibre membranes, adopts between the porous hydrophobic hollow-fibre membrane and disperses grid to disperse.
4. horizontal solar distillation device as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: the material of described porous hydrophobic hollow-fibre membrane is polypropylene, polyethylene or polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF).
5. as claim 3 or 4 described horizontal solar distillation devices, it is characterized in that: described porous hydrophobic hollow-fibre membrane internal diameter is 0.1～2mm, and external diameter is 0.6～2.8mm, wall thickness 0.1～0.3mm, the voidage 50～85% of tubular fibre membranous wall, maximum diameter of hole 0.1-1.0 μ m.
6. horizontal solar distillation device as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described list props up membrane element and is embedded into that the sealing and fixing method is in the flange form end socket that has embedded groove: embed rubber washer in embedded groove, then the end socket of single membrane element is squeezed in the embedded groove.
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