CN101693077B - 一种用于治疗热性支气管哮喘和慢性支气管炎的药物 - Google Patents
一种用于治疗热性支气管哮喘和慢性支气管炎的药物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种用于治疗热性支气管哮喘和慢性支气管炎的药物,是将1700~1900份连翘、1400~1600份生石膏、800~1000份桃仁、200~240份地龙和55~65份浙贝母混合后,经冷水浸泡、二次加热煎煮、过滤浓缩干燥后与85~95份制大黄和25~35份桔梗一同粉碎为无颗粒感细粉,按照常规工序制成固体口服制剂,比如胶囊剂。本发明药物可用于治疗热性支气管哮喘和慢性支气管炎,具有清热化痰、降气平喘,抗炎和解痉(扩张支气管)的双重功效,同时对哮喘病具有免疫调节作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于治疗呼吸系统疾病的药物,特别是涉及一种以中药为原料药制备的治疗热性支气管哮喘和慢性支气管炎的药物。
背景技术
支气管哮喘是一种表现为重复发作的喘息、呼吸困难、胸闷、咳嗽,通常出现普遍多变的可逆性气流受限,多数患者可自行缓解或经治疗缓解为特点的常见疾病。几十年来世界各地哮喘病发病率和死亡率一直呈逐年增高的趋势,亦是全球慢性疾病发病和死亡的一个主要原因,该现象已引起了世界卫生组织、各国政府和临床医生的广泛关注。据不完全统计,在全球有1.5亿人患哮喘,每年有18万多人死于哮喘,哮喘在成年人中的患病率为6%,且这一患病率数字每10年平均增加达50%。在我国,哮喘发病率约为1~4%,最保守估计我国哮喘病患者应在1000万人以上,这已成为较严重的社会卫生问题。近年来哮喘病学的重大进展是认识到无论任何严重程度、任何类型的哮喘病,其发病机制均与由嗜酸粒细胞、肥大细胞和T淋巴细胞等多种炎性细胞加入的气管慢性炎症有关,诱发因素多种多样。这种慢性炎症导致气道反应性增加,并引起反复发作的喘息、气急、胸闷或咳嗽等症状,该机制的提出使哮喘的诊断、治疗和预防等发生了很大的变化,抗炎、免疫治疗为目前治疗慢性哮喘的首要原则。
由于目前已经确立了哮喘病是由于气道炎症引起的新概念,故而确立了抗变应性炎症是哮喘病的第一线治疗的原则。全球哮喘病防治创议(GINA)将吸入疗法定为治疗哮喘病的主要给药方式,而吸入β2受体激动剂(即支气管扩张剂)列为各种严重程度哮喘急性发作的首要药物和给药方式,尤其是糖皮质激素吸入疗法已成为近年来防治哮喘病最引人注目的进展。
吸入性糖皮质激素是最有效的抗变态反应炎症首选药物,而β2受体激动剂为常用的支气管扩张剂,目前认为对哮喘急性重危发作应及早全身应用糖皮质激素与支气管舒张剂作联合治疗。然而,长期大剂量应用皮质激素有可能抑制下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴功能,造成骨质疏松或使儿童发育迟缓。对于哮喘和轻度慢性阻塞性肺病成年病人,吸入常规剂量皮质激素2或3年,对骨密度或椎骨骨折发生危险有影响。另外,无论吸入或口服短效β2受体激动药,若长期、单一使用,易引发、增加骨胳肌震颤、心律紊乱等不良反应,或可造成细胞膜β2受体下调,产生低敏感现象,形成所谓临床耐药现象。短效β2受体激动药静脉应用因全身不良反应发生率较高,已极少使用。既往所用吸入型β受体激动剂多属速效制剂,作用时间短,虽暂时控制了哮喘症状,但并未动摇疾病的炎症基础,反而因暂时缓解症状而掩盖了哮喘气道炎症的发展。
在这样的哮喘治疗研究进展环境中,以及国际、国内对于传统中医、中药研究方兴未艾的形势下,进行治疗支气管哮喘和慢性支气管炎的中药制剂研究成为专家关注的新点。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种以中药为原料药制备的治疗热性支气管哮喘和慢性支气管炎的药物。该药物具有抗炎和解痉(扩张支气管)的双重功效,同时对哮喘病还具有免疫调节作用。
本发明的治疗热性支气管哮喘和慢性支气管炎的药物是由下述重量份数的中药为原料药制成的:
连翘 1700~1900 生石膏 1400~1600 桃仁 800~1000
地龙 200~240 浙贝母 55~65 桔梗 25~35
制大黄 85~95
本发明药物优选的原料药组分(重量份数)为:
连翘 1800 生石膏 1500 桃仁 900
地龙 220 浙贝母 60 桔梗 30
制大黄 90
可以将上述药物制成药剂学上的任何一种固体口服制剂,如片剂、丸剂、散剂、胶囊剂等,本发明优选的剂型是胶囊剂。
本发明药物的具体制备方法是:
取上述重量份数的原料药,除制大黄、桔梗外,将其余药物混合,加入10倍重量的冷水浸泡2小时,加热煮沸1.5小时,过滤;滤渣再次加入8倍重量的水煮沸1小时后过滤;合并两次滤液,低温浓缩干燥,与制大黄和桔梗一同粉碎成细粉,按照常规工序制成固体口服制剂。
连翘味苦,性微寒,具有清热解毒,散结消肿的功效。另外,根据现代药理研究,连翘有抑菌抗炎作用,可抑制伤寒杆菌、副伤寒杆菌、大肠杆菌、白喉杆菌及霍乱弧菌、葡萄球菌、链球菌等,还可能有脱敏免疫作用。
生石膏味辛、甘,性大寒,归肺、胃经,具有清热泻火,除烦止渴功效。现代药理学研究认为生石膏内服经胃酸作用,一部分变成可溶性钙盐,至肠吸收入血后能增加血清内钙离子的浓度,可抑制体温调节中枢、减轻骨骼肌的兴奋性、减少血管通透性,故有解热、镇痉、消炎等作用。
桃仁味苦、甘,性平,归心、肝、大肠经,具有活血祛瘀,润肠通便的功效,可用于癥积瘕聚,肠燥便秘等。而且现代药理学研究发现桃仁的水提液有抗淤血、抗炎和抗过敏作用。
地龙性味咸寒,功用在于清热,镇痉,利尿,解毒,常用于热病惊狂、小儿惊风、肺热痰咳气喘、头痛目赤、咽喉肿痛、小便不通等症,可以清热息风、清肺定喘,对肺热型支气管哮喘疗效较好。现代药理学研究发现其有溶栓、抗凝、降血压、解痉和舒张支气管作用。
浙贝母味大苦,性寒,功用在于清热化痰,散结解毒。现代药理研究认为浙贝母碱在低浓度时对支气管平滑肌有明显的扩张作用,高浓度时则显著收缩。
桔梗味苦,辛,性平,功效在于宣肺、祛痰、利咽、排脓。对桔梗的现代药理学研究也认同桔梗的祛痰与镇咳作用和抗炎作用。
大黄味苦,性寒,归脾、胃、大肠、肝、心包经,有泻热通肠,凉血解毒,逐瘀通经的功效,常用于实热便秘,积滞腹痛,目赤,咽肿,肠痈腹痛。酒大黄善清上焦血分热毒,用于目赤咽肿,齿龈肿痛;熟大黄泻下力缓,泻火解毒;大黄炭凉血化瘀止血,用于血热有瘀出血者。现代医学研究认为大黄具有的大黄酸、大黄素、芦荟大黄素等抗菌有效成分能够通过影响叶酸的酶系统;抑制细菌核酸和蛋白质合成;抑制细菌生物氧化酶系统;诱生干扰素等机理对葡萄球菌、白喉杆菌、伤寒杆菌等敏感细菌和流感病毒等敏感病毒以及其他敏感微生物有抑制杀灭作用;另外大黄还有显著的抗炎、解热作用和非特异性免疫调节功能(蒽醌衍生物可抑制非特异性免疫功能)。
祖国医学理论认为,支气管哮喘盖因宿痰伏肺,遇感而发,痰阻气道,肺失肃降,气道挛急,发为哮喘,又痰阻最易化热,则见气粗息涌,喉中哮鸣,胸高胁涨,痰黄、面赤、便秘、脉弦数或滑数。本发明组方以地龙清热平喘、缓解气道挛急治哮喘急性发作为君。痰阻气道,肺失肃降,故以浙贝母降肺气,清热化痰;又用连翘清热解毒,生石膏清热泻火、清上焦热;肺与大肠相表里,肺气不通常致便秘,故用制大黄泄热通便,釜底抽薪,使热邪从下焦去,以上四药共为臣药。佐桔梗宣肺祛痰,在大队降气药物中佐少量宣肺药物,使一宣一降,恢复肺之功能。哮喘反复发作,久病入血,故用桃仁活血祛瘀。诸药合用,共奏清热化痰、降气平喘之效,并对哮喘病具有免疫调节作用。
本发明药物的用法用量:
口服,每日2~3次,每次3~4粒,7天为一疗程。一般患者需要1.5~2个疗程,多年重病患者需3个疗程左右方可治愈。
具体实施方式
实施例1
以制造1000粒、规格为0.5g/粒的胶囊剂为例,按下述重量准备中药原料:
连翘 1800g 生石膏 1500g 桃仁 900g
地龙 220g 浙贝母 60g 桔梗 30g
制大黄 90g
将上述诸药材,除制大黄、桔梗外,其余药味加10倍量冷水浸泡2小时,加热煮沸1.5小时,过滤。滤渣再次加8倍量水煮沸1小时后过滤。合并两次滤液,低温浓缩干燥,与制大黄和桔梗一同粉碎为手触无颗粒感的细粉。将细粉按0.5g/粒的规格装入胶囊中,共制得胶囊1000粒左右。
应用例
随机选择70例患者,其中热性支气管哮喘患者31例,慢性支气管炎患者39例,对于本发明药物治疗热性支气管哮喘和慢性支气管炎的疗效进行了临床观察。
70例病例中,年龄最小23岁,最大75岁;病程最短2个月,最长34年。所有病例均参照中华人民共和国中医药行业标准——中医病证诊断疗效标准(ZY/T001.1-94)制定的诊断标准进行,其中热性支气管哮喘患者的诊断标准为中医哮病的诊断标准,慢性支气管炎患者诊断标准为中医喘证的诊断标准。
入选病例采用本发明药物口服给药,每日2~3次,每次3~4粒,7天为一疗程。一般为1~2个疗程,多年重病患者3个疗程。
疗效评定标准:
哮证——治愈:哮喘控制,哮鸣音消失。好转:哮喘缓解,或发作次数减少。未愈:症状无变化。
喘证——治愈:喘息及其它症状消失,实验室检查明显好转。好转:喘息及其它症状好转,实验室检查有改善。未愈:主症未改善或恶化者。
入组病例治疗后结果见表1和表2。
表1 热性支气管哮喘(哮证)病例治疗后疗效结果
表2 慢性支气管炎(喘证)病例治疗后疗效结果
典型病例:
例1:山西省吕梁市印刷业工人薛某,男,70岁,因嗜烟好酒,患哮喘病多年,长年痰多、喉鸣、气短。病情恶化时,只能弯腰静坐。后服用本发明制剂胶囊,用药5天后,气不喘了,痰也少了,病情明显好转,哮喘得到有效控制。
例2:河北省石家庄市申某,女,63岁,患哮喘多年,病情严重时,气短、喉鸣、胸闷、咳嗽等,服用本发明制剂胶囊,用药4天,上述症状消失,哮喘得到有效控制。
例3:患者陈某,男,3岁,反复咳嗽,喘两年余,每遇受凉即出现流涕、喷囔、咳嗽、喘,曾多次诊治于数家市级、省级、国家级医院,但花费巨资却疗效甚微。服用本发明制剂胶囊,用药2天,上述症状消失,哮喘得到有效控制。
例4:温州市张某,男,36岁,患哮喘多年,经常气喘,不能干活,二楼也上不去,走路快、长皆气喘,冬天就更重,经常性感冒,流鼻涕、咽喉疼、咳嗽、鼻子出气发烧,呼吸道、肺感染、气喘,越是气喘越有痰,反复发作,不敢见烟,动则重。服用氨茶碱、克喘素等均显效甚微。后尝试使用本发明胶囊制剂,用药1周,哮喘症状明显减轻,呼吸平稳,未见反弹。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于治疗热性支气管哮喘和慢性支气管炎的药物,是由下述重量份数的中药为原料药制成的:
连 翘 1700~1900 生石膏 1400~1600 桃 仁 800~1000
地 龙 200~240 浙贝母 55~65 桔 梗 25~35
制大黄 85~95。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于治疗热性支气管哮喘和慢性支气管炎的药物,其特征是所述的原料药重量份数为:
连 翘 1800 生石膏 1500 桃 仁 900
地 龙 220 浙贝母 60 桔 梗 30
制大黄 90。
3.权利要求1所述用于治疗热性支气管哮喘和慢性支气管炎的药物的制备方法,是取上述重量份数的原料药,除制大黄、桔梗外,将其余药物混合,加入10倍重量的冷水浸泡2小时,加热煮沸1.5小时,过滤;滤渣再次加入8倍重量的水煮沸1小时后过滤;合并两次滤液,低温浓缩干燥,与制大黄和桔梗一同粉碎成细粉,按照常规工序制成固体口服制剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用于治疗热性支气管哮喘和慢性支气管炎的药物的制备方法,其特征是将所述药物制成胶囊剂。
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