CN101692521B - Laser diode driver for optical communication transmitter - Google Patents
Laser diode driver for optical communication transmitter Download PDFInfo
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- CN101692521B CN101692521B CN2009101973214A CN200910197321A CN101692521B CN 101692521 B CN101692521 B CN 101692521B CN 2009101973214 A CN2009101973214 A CN 2009101973214A CN 200910197321 A CN200910197321 A CN 200910197321A CN 101692521 B CN101692521 B CN 101692521B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser diode driver for an optical communication transmitter. The laser diode driver comprises an input shaping circuit, a laser diode modulated current control circuit which is provided with a modulated current switch and is connected with the output end of the input shaping circuit and a to-be-driven laser diode, a laser diode bias current control circuit which is provided with a bias current switch and is connected with the laser diode, a photoelectric switching circuit, a peak detection circuit in direct-current coupling with the photoelectric switching circuit to carry out quick detection of electric signals output by the photoelectric switching circuit to output a detection signal and a differential comparison amplifying circuit in direct-current coupling with the peak detection circuit, wherein the output end of the differential comparison amplifying circuit is connected with the laser diode modulated current control circuit and the laser diode bias current control circuit to form a negative feedback loop. The laser diode driver has the advantages that the driver is suitable for transmitting both burst signals and random balanced signal flows.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optical communication field, particularly a kind of laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter.
Background technology
The laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter is to change the voltage signal that is transmitted into light signal in the effect of optical communication system.Usually it is made up of a laser diode driver circuit, a laser diode (LD) and automatic power control circuitry.Wherein, laser diode driver circuit changes the voltage signal that is transmitted into corresponding current signal, this current signal driving laser diode, and laser diode changes this driving current signal into light signal output.Because the electric current/luminous power conversion efficiency of each laser diode all there are differences, and this conversion efficiency not only can strengthen with variation of ambient temperature, also can change with aging (in time promptly) of laser diode simultaneously.So often need an automatic power control circuitry in the laser diode drive, keep stable to guarantee the luminous power that transmitter sends, thereby make overall optical communication system working stability, and prolong the useful life of laser.Thereby laser diode drive is one of core component of optical communication system.
The conventional laser diode (led) driver; Majority only is applicable to that the light of stochastic equilibrium code stream (being that light sends the code stream that average power approximates 1/2 peak power) sends; And the light of inapplicable burst (be that light sends the code stream that average power is not equal to 1/2 peak power, do not have stable quantitative relation between the average transmitting power of burst luminous signal and the peak power) sends.Reason is that traditional laser diode drive can only be controlled the average power that light sends, and controls the peak power of stochastic equilibrium signal indirectly through the quantitative relation that average power approximates 1/2 peak power.And for the transmission of burst, the direct peak power of control transmission signal then.Along with the development of Optical Access Network in recent years, the existing few technical products of quantity provides the laser diode drive that uses burst to send; They roughly are divided into two types: one type is not have automatic control function of power; Adopt the way of total temperature compensation to stablize transmitted power, shortcoming is that transmission peak power stability is not high, and can not compensate the aging transmitted power decline that causes of LD; Shorten the useful life of LD, but the majority of applying at present is this series products; Second type is that automatic control function of power is arranged, but the prior art majority can only be applicable to and require relatively low EPON (Ethernet passive optical network) that perhaps control precision stability is still not enough, rarely applies at present just to suffice to show that its technology is immature.
Therefore a kind of laser diode drive with perfect automatic controlled function of transmission light signal peak power being provided, is the demand that present optical communication technique development, especially Optical Access Network technology and other technical fields that relates to the burst optical transmission develop.
Summary of the invention
Technical scheme to be solved by this invention provides a kind of laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter, to solve the deficiency of prior art.
For solving technique scheme; The present invention provides a kind of laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter; Comprise: the input shaper circuit, be used for the waveform of differential voltage signal to input and carry out shaping and amplify, with the disequilibrium and the relaxation distortion of the differential signal of eliminating input; Laser diode modulated current control circuit with modulated current switch; The output, and the laser diode to be driven that connect said input shaper circuit; Be used for the signal of said input shaper circuit output is converted into the modulated current signal with positive temperature coefficient, and make said modulated current signal send light pulse signal to drive said laser diode through said modulated current switch; Have the bias current switch laser diode bias current control circuit, connect said laser diode, be used for the bias current with positive temperature coefficient being provided to said laser diode; Photoelectric switching circuit is used for converting the light signal dorsad of said laser diode output into the signal of telecommunication; Peak-detector circuit with said photoelectric switching circuit direct-current coupling; Be used for the signal of telecommunication of said photoelectric switching circuit output is carried out quick detection with the output rectified signal; And its detection time constant detected the peak value of burst so that can realize much smaller than the retention time of rectified signal; With the differential ratio of said peak-detector circuit direct-current coupling than amplifying circuit; It can export send the relevant and voltage that is inversely proportional to of photopeak value power with said laser diode output with said laser diode modulated current control circuit, reach said laser diode bias current control circuit and be connected; To form negative feedback loop, realize control to said bias current and said modulation signal.
Preferable, said input shaper circuit comprises the attenuation network that said differential voltage signal is decayed and is connected the differential amplifier of said attenuation network output.
Preferable, the series circuit of said attenuation network for constituting, the turnover voltage that the peak-to-peak value of the differential signal of its output is put greater than the bipolar transistor difference by the resistance series connection.
Preferable, said differential amplifier comprises a differential pair tube, the constant-current source circuit of electric current is provided, is connected with said constant-current source circuit and is used to compensate the proportional current mirror of said constant-current source circuit temperature characterisitic, is connected said differential pair tube output and will export the said constant-current source circuit of signal back separately to constitute two emitter followers of direct current negative feedback biasing respectively to said differential pair tube.
Preferable, said constant-current source circuit is made up of transistor AND gate resistance, and said proportional current mirror is made up of diode and resistance.
Preferable; Said modulated current switch comprises that a transistor is to pipe; Wherein, Said transistor connects said laser diode to an output, the collector electrode that one base stage in the pipe connects said input shaper circuit, and said transistor connects power end to another output, the collector electrode that another person's in the pipe base stage connects said input shaper circuit.
Preferable, said laser diode modulated current control circuit also comprises: with said transistor the emitter of the two transistor of pipe is connected and be used to provide modulated current the modulated current source circuit, to said modulated current source circuit provide bias voltage the negative feedback serial regulating circuit, and the output of said negative feedback serial regulating circuit is coupled to the emitter follower of said modulated current source circuit.
Preferable, said modulated current source circuit is drawn a laser diode modulated current monitoring side.
Preferable, the input of said emitter follower is drawn a laser diode modulated current and end is set through connecing the resistance of establishing the initial modulation electric current to be set.
Preferable; Said laser diode modulated current control circuit also comprises: be connected said negative feedback serial regulating circuit output, and can make the bias voltage of said negative feedback serial regulating circuit output be lower than the required bias voltage of said modulated current source circuit and then cause said modulated current source circuit not export the drive current complete shut-down deenergizing of modulated current.
Preferable, said drive current complete shut-down deenergizing is the common emitter circuit of two-stage series connection, and said common emitter circuit is drawn drive current complete shut-down outage pressure input.
Preferable; Said inclined to one side system current switch comprises that a transistor provides the base bias circuit of base bias voltage to pipe with to said transistor respectively to both that manage; Wherein, Said transistor is higher than another person's base bias voltage to one base bias voltage in the pipe, and the high person's of base bias voltage collector electrode connects said laser diode, and low person's collector electrode connects power end.
Preferable, said laser diode bias current control circuit also comprises: with said transistor the emitter of the two transistor of pipe is connected and be used to provide bias current the bias current source circuit, to said bias current source circuit provide bias voltage the negative feedback serial regulating circuit, and the output of said negative feedback serial regulating circuit is coupled to the emitter follower of said bias current source circuit.
Preferable, said bias current source circuit is drawn a laser diode bias current monitoring side.
Preferable, the input of said emitter follower is drawn a laser diode bias current and end is set through connecing the resistance of establishing the initial bias electric current to be set.
Preferable; Said laser diode bias current control circuit also comprises: be connected said negative feedback serial regulating circuit output, and can make the bias voltage of said negative feedback serial regulating circuit output be lower than the required bias voltage of said bias current source circuit and then cause the not bias current breaking circuit of output offset electric current of said bias current source circuit.
Preferable, said bias current breaking circuit is the common emitter circuit of two-stage series connection, and said common emitter circuit is drawn a bias current shutoff voltage input.
Preferable; Said laser diode modulated current control circuit is drawn drive current complete shut-down outage pressure-controlled end; Said bias current shutoff voltage control end is connected through a unidirectional isolating diode with said drive current complete shut-down outage pressure-controlled end, so that said bias current breaking circuit does not exert an influence to said modulated current complete shut-down deenergizing when turn-offing.
Preferable, said photoelectric switching circuit comprises a photodiode and and the trans-impedance amplifier of said photodiode direct-current coupling.
Preferable, said peak-detector circuit comprises: the emitter follower of the said photoelectric switching circuit output of direct-current coupling signal, the detector diode with said emitter follower direct-current coupling, the detection electric capacity that is connected with said detector diode and be connected and comprise the commonsource amplifier of field-effect transistor with said detection electric capacity.
Preferable, the charge constant that said detection electric capacity and said detector diode conducting resistance constitute is several ns orders of magnitude, the discharge time constant that the reverse off-resistances of said detection electric capacity and said detector diode constitutes is tens ms orders of magnitude.
Preferable; Said differential ratio comprises than amplifying circuit: be connected first emitter follower of said peak-detector circuit output, be connected with the said first emitter follower output and comprise differential comparator amplifier that differential pair tube constitutes, and second emitter follower and the 3rd emitter-base bandgap grading follower that are connected respectively with two outputs of said differential pair tube; The input of one in the wherein said differential pair tube connects said first emitter follower; Another person's input connects reference voltage, and the output that connects the reference voltage person can be exported voltage relevant with said laser diode transmission photopeak value power and that be inversely proportional to.
Preferable, in said differential pair tube, connect the reference voltage person and draw laser diode output photopeak value power setting end.
Preferable, in said differential pair tube, it draws laser diode transmission photopeak value power monitoring end through said second emitter follower to connect the said first emitter follower person.
Preferable, said differential ratio comprises also that than amplifying circuit negative pole is connected said the 3rd emitter-base bandgap grading follower and positive pole is connected first isolating diode of said laser diode modulated current control circuit and negative pole is connected said the 3rd emitter-base bandgap grading follower and positive pole is connected second isolating diode between the said laser diode bias current control circuit.
Preferable, the negative pole quiescent voltage working point of said second isolating diode is lower than the quiescent point of said first isolating diode, so that bias current is gone into control earlier than modulated current.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the automatic controlled function of emission peak luminous power is perfect; Emission peak luminous power dynamic stability is better; The emission peak luminous power does not receive to send the sign indicating number type to be influenced; Do not receive the influence of LD bias current frame synchronization switch yet, thereby both be applicable to that burst sent, be applicable to that the stochastic equilibrium signal flow sends yet.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the laser diode drive preferred embodiment block diagram that is used for optical communication transmitter.
Fig. 2 is the laser diode drive preferred embodiment circuit diagram that is used for optical communication transmitter.
Embodiment
Specify the preferred embodiments of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Please with reference to Fig. 1, the burst laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter provided by the invention comprises that two differential signal inputs 1 and 2, input shaper circuit 3, modulated current switch 4, laser diode LD 5, laser diode modulated current control circuit 6, a laser diode modulated current are provided with end I
MSET7, a laser diode modulated current is provided with resistance R
IM8, laser diode modulated current monitoring side I
MMON9, laser diode drive current shutoff voltage V
DISABLEThe unidirectional isolating diode of input 10, one 11, one have the laser diode bias current control circuit 12 of bias current switch, a laser diode bias current is provided with end I
BSET13, laser diode bias current is provided with resistance 14, a laser diode bias current monitoring side I
BMON15, laser diode bias current shutoff voltage input V
IBOFF16, relatively amplifying circuit 19, a laser diode send peak light power setting end APC for photodiode PD17, transimpedance amplifier TIA18, peak detection
SET20, a laser diode sends peak light power setting resistance R
APC21 and laser diodes send peak light power monitoring end PW
MON22.Wherein, Modulated current switch 4 and laser diode modulated current control circuit 6 constitute the laser diode modulated current control circuit with modulated current switch; Peak detection comparison amplifying circuit 19 comprises that peak-detector circuit and differential ratio are than amplifying circuit two parts; LD among the figure promptly representes laser diode, and laser diode modulated current control circuit 6 refers to same main body with LD modulated current control circuit 6, is applicable to that in like manner other employings " LD " replace the mode of laser diode.
To input shaper circuit 3, input shaper circuit 3 is eliminated input differential signal possible asymmetric (positive and negative phase signals is uneven) and possible relaxation distortion to differential input end 1 and 2 with input differential signal direct-current coupling.LD modulated current switch 4 converts the voltage signal of input shaper circuit 3 outputs into switching current signal modulated laser diode 5, and laser diode 5 converts modulated current signal into corresponding light signal feed-in transmission medium.LD modulated current control circuit 6 provides modulated current for LD modulated current switch; Its feedback voltage that provides according to peak detection comparison amplifying circuit 19, LD modulation circuit are provided with end 7, the outage of LD drive current complete shut-down presses the state of input 10 dynamically to control LD modulated current and LD bias current, and provide the normal light communication system to require the function port that provides.It comprises that the LD modulated current is provided with end 7, LD modulated current monitoring side 9 and LD drive current (comprising modulated current and bias current) complete shut-down outage pressure input 10 (purpose is to guarantee the system maintenance personal security).The LD modulated current is provided with resistance 8 and is set according to power/current curve (PI curve) and the system requirements of LD by the user.LD bias current sources and control circuit 12 provide bias current for laser diode 5, the feedback voltage that it provides according to peak detection comparison amplifying circuit, and the LD bias current is provided with end 13, LD bias current shutoff voltage input 16.11 unidirectional buffer actions of diode, its positive pole is connected with port one 6, and negative pole is connected with port one 0; When port one 6 input low levels (≤0.7V) time, the LD bias current turn-offs, diode 11 is in cut-off state; Do not influence port one 0; And when port one 0 input low level, diode 11 conductings, LD modulated current and LD bias current turn-off simultaneously.In addition, LD bias current sources and control circuit also provide the normal light communication system to require the function port one 3,15 and 16 that provides.The LD bias current is provided with resistance 14 and is set according to PI curve and the system requirements of LD by the user.Photodiode 17 and trans-impedance amplifier 18 with LD dorsad light signal convert voltage signal into; 19 pairs of these voltage signals of peak detection comparison amplifying circuit carry out peak detection and compare and enlarge; Thereby make its output voltage and LD send peak light power linear correlation; And should be fed to LD modulated current control circuit 6 and LD bias current sources and control circuit 12 by negative-feedback principle, thereby realize LD is sent the dynamic auto control of peak light power with the linear associated voltage of LD transmission peak light power.In addition; The function port that peak detection comparison amplifying circuit 19 also provides the normal light communication system to require to provide is that LD transmitting optical power monitoring port 22 is provided with port 20 with the LD transmitting optical power, and the LD transmitting optical power is provided with resistance 21 and is set according to system requirements by the user.
Please with reference to Fig. 2, it implements circuit diagram for the above-mentioned laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter.
By above-mentioned connection, the resistance decrement network of being made up of R1, R2, R3 has effectively improved the return loss of input signal, has reduced the standing-wave ratio of input signal, prevents that simultaneously subsequent conditioning circuit from importing blasting.
The difference amplifier transistor is to pipe Q1, Q2; Its collector electrode connects power supply VCC through resistance R 4, R5 respectively; Its two base stage connects the two ends of above-mentioned R2 respectively, and its two emitters are connected with the collector electrode of transistor Q3, and the emitter of Q3 is through resistance R 6 ground connection; Constitute constant-current source circuit, its base stage is through a diode D1 and resistance R 0 series connection ground connection.Transistor Q4, Q5 constitute two emitter followers with resistance R 7, R8.Resistance R 9, R10 series connection back cross-over connection are in the emitter of Q4, Q5, and it is connected in series and a little is connected with the base stage of Q3, as the Q3 base stage negative feedback bias voltage, wherein R9=R10 is provided.
Constitute a differential amplifier according to above-mentioned connection transistor Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5 and resistance R 4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R0 and diode D1; The constant source flowing transistor Q3 base stage of differential amplifier is put to export with difference through resistance R 9, R10 and is penetrated with being connected; Because R9=R10; Its AC signal amplitude that is connected in series a little is 0, thereby realizes direct current negative feedback biasing, and diode D1 and resistance R 0 constitute a proportional current mirror; Temperature characterisitic in order to compensation Q3 makes the stability of said differential amplifier and equilibrium response good.Add the high return loss of above-mentioned input attenuation network, the output waveform that said difference is put keeps difference to amplify the approximate rectangular ripple of amplitude limit, eliminates the possible relaxation distortion of waveform input signal.
Transistor constitutes laser diode modulated current switch to Q6, Q7; Its two base stages are penetrated with being connected with two outputs of above-mentioned differential amplifier respectively; Its two emitter-base bandgap gradings are connected with the collector electrode of constant source flowing transistor Q8; The collector electrode of Q6 is connected with laser diode LD, and the collector electrode of Q7 connects power supply VCC, and the emitter of Q8 is through resistance R 11 ground connection.Transistor Q9, Q10 and resistance R 13, R14, R15, R16 constitute a negative feedback serial regulating circuit; Draw output voltage from the collector electrode of transistor Q9; The emitter-base bandgap grading of transistor Q11 is through diode D2 and resistance R 17 series connection ground connection; Its collector electrode connects power supply VCC, and base stage is connected with the output of said serial regulating circuit, constitutes an emitter follower.D2 a little is connected with the base stage of Q8 with being connected in series of R17, for Q8 provides base bias voltage.Draw the LD modulated current from the collector electrode of transistor Q9 function port I is set
MSET, draw LD modulated current monitoring port I through a resistance R 12 from the emitter of transistor Q8
MMON
Constant source flowing transistor Q8 and emitter resistance thereof constitute a modulated current source circuit; The LD modulated current switch that constitutes for transistor Q6, Q7 provides LD modulated current; Said serial regulating circuit and output are penetrated with for constant source flowing transistor Q8 provides base bias voltage, because the BE of transistor Q10 knot has-temperature coefficient of 2mV/ ℃, so have a bigger positive temperature coefficient from the voltage of Q9 collector electrode output; This positive temperature coefficient has more been strengthened in the BE knot of transistor Q11 and diode D2 series connection.So the output current of constant source flowing transistor raises along with ambient temperature and increases, with electric current---the negative temperature coefficient of luminous power transfer ratio of compensation LD.When the base stage of transistor Q6 is a high level, when the base stage of transistor Q7 was low level, Q6 conducting, Q7 ended, and the electric current that Q8 provides is injected into laser diode LD, and LD sends light pulse signal, otherwise then Q6 ends, the Q7 conducting, and the LD modulated current is turned off.The user can pass through an earth resistance R
IMConnect the LD modulated current end I is set
MSETInitial LD modulated current is set.The resistance of known R11 is from LD modulated current monitoring port I
MMONOutput voltage can make a matched curve (equation) and send into the monitoring module of system and detect the LD modulated current.
The common emitter circuit (two inverters) of the two-stage series connection that transistor Q12, Q13, resistance R 18, R19 form is as drive current complete shut-down deenergizing; The wherein grounded emitter of Q12, Q13; The collector electrode of Q12 is connected power supply VCC through resistance R 18, R19 respectively with base stage; The base stage of Q13 is connected with the collector electrode of Q12, and the base stage of Q13 and the voltage output end of above-mentioned series voltage regulator are that the collector electrode of transistor Q9 is connected.Draw the outage of LD drive current complete shut-down from the base stage of said transistor Q12 and press input DISABLE.
According to above-mentioned connection, said modulated current switch, said modulated current source circuit, said emitter follower, said negative feedback serial regulating circuit, be that said drive current complete shut-down deenergizing constitutes the laser diode modulated current control circuit with modulated current switch.When the input voltage of LD drive current shutoff voltage input DISABLE be low level (≤0.7V) time; Above-mentioned transistor Q12 ends; The Q13 conducting is until current saturation, and its collector voltage is reduced to≤0.3V, thereby above-mentioned LD modulation constant source flowing transistor Q8 is ended; Turn-off the LD modulated current, and close the LD bias current of having no progeny and stating.When LD drive current complete shut-down outage press input be high level (>=1.8V) or during open circuit, above-mentioned transistor Q12 conducting is also saturated, Q13 ends, the bias voltage (control voltage) that is provided with of LD modulated current constant source flowing transistor is not exerted an influence.
Transistor constitutes the bias current switch to pipe Q14, Q15, and its two emitters are connected with the collector electrode of transistor Q16, and the collector electrode of Q14 is connected with the negative pole of above-mentioned laser diode LD, and the collector electrode of Q15 connects power supply VCC.The emitter of said transistor Q16 constitutes the bias current source circuit through resistance R 25 ground connection.Resistance R 20, diode D3, D4, resistance R 21, resistance R 22, diode D5, D6 and resistance R 23 have constituted base bias circuit.Wherein, resistance R 20, diode D3, D4 and resistance R 21 are connected in series successively, and wherein the end of R20 connects power supply VCC, the end ground connection of R21, and the base stage of transistor Q14 connects being connected in series a little of R20 and D3, for Q14 provides base bias voltage; Resistance R 22, diode D5, D6 and resistance R 23 are connected in series successively, and an end of resistance R 22 connects power supply VCC, and an end of resistance R 23 connects ground, and being connected in series of diode D5, D6 a little is connected with the base stage of said transistor Q15, for Q15 provides bias voltage; Said resistance R 20=R22, R21=R23.Transistor Q17, Q18 and resistance R 27, R28, R29, R30 constitute a negative feedback serial regulating circuit; Its output voltage is drawn and is passed through and penetrated with for above-mentioned transistor Q16 base bias voltage being provided by what transistor Q19 and diode D7, resistance R 24 constituted from the collector electrode of transistor Q17; Wherein diode D7 and R24 are connected in series and penetrate with load as said, and the base stage of above-mentioned transistor Q16 connects being connected in series a little of diode D7 and resistance R 24.
Said serial regulating circuit comprises that the output voltage of said voltage output emitter follower has positive temperature coefficient, and it provides base bias voltage for said transistor Q16; Then the collector current of Q16 has positive temperature coefficient equally, compensates the negative temperature coefficient of laser diode threshold current slope with this.The collector current of said transistor Q16 is the bias current of laser diode LD, and this electric current is injected into the emitter of transistor Q14 and Q15.Because the base bias voltage of Q14 is than the high diode turn-on voltage of base bias voltage (about 0.8V) of Q15 under common state, so under the common state, Q14 conducting and Q15 ends.So the collector current of transistor Q16 is through Q14 feed-in laser diode LD.
Common emitter (inverter) circuit that transistor Q20, Q21, resistor R 31, R32, R33, diode D8, D9, D10 form a two-stage tandem is as the bias current breaking circuit; Wherein, The emitter of transistor Q20, Q21 is respectively through diode D8, D9 ground connection; The collector electrode of Q20 is connected power supply VCC through resistance R 31 respectively with base stage with R32, the positive pole of diode D10 is connected with the base stage of transistor Q20, and input V is pressed in the negative pole of D10 and the outage of above-mentioned LD drive current complete shut-down
DISABLEConnect.The collector electrode of transistor Q21 is connected with the base stage of above-mentioned transistor Q14.In addition, draw the LD bias current from the collector electrode of above-mentioned transistor Q17 end I is set
BSET, draw LD bias current monitoring side from the emitter of transistor Q16 through a resistance R 26, draw LD bias current shutoff voltage input port V from the base stage of transistor Q20 through resistance R 33
IBOFF
By above-mentioned connection; Said bias current switch, said bias current source circuit, said base bias circuit, said negative feedback serial regulating circuit, and said bias current breaking circuit constitute LD bias current control circuit with bias current switch, as above-mentioned LD bias current shutoff voltage input V
IBOFFOr (with) above-mentioned LD drive current complete shut-down outage pressure input V
DISABLEFor low level (≤0.7V) time, transistor Q20 ends, transistor Q21 conducting is until saturated; Thereby the base bias voltage that makes transistor Q14 is pulled down to and is about 0.8V, and Q14 is ended, and the Q15 conducting; The LD bias current is turned off, and the collector current of Q16 discharges through Q15.Wherein, wherein diode D10 plays unidirectional buffer action, as LD bias current shutoff voltage input V
IBOFFBe low level, and input V is pressed in the outage of LD drive current complete shut-down
IDSABLEDuring for high level or open circuit, diode D10 ends, and does not influence the LD modulated current.The effect of resistance R 33 is to guarantee LD drive current complete shut-down outage pressure input V
DISABLEThe pressure turn-off function, even as LD bias current shutoff voltage input V
IBOFFBe in high level state, as long as as LD drive current shutoff voltage input V
DISABLEBe low level, because diode D10 conducting this moment, the pressure drop that on R33, produces makes the base bias voltage reduction of transistor Q20 end until it, and the LD drive current comprises modulated current and bias current, is turn-offed fully.The purpose of said pressure turn-off function is the safety that guarantees the system maintenance personnel.The user can be provided with port at the LD bias current and be external to earth resistance R through one in addition
IBThe LD bias current is set.
Photodiode PD and connected trans-impedance amplifier TIA constitute photoelectric switching circuit; Convert the light signal dorsad of laser diode LD into the signal of telecommunication, a transistor Q22 is connected the pulse voltage signal of output after opto-electronic conversion with the emitter follower that a resistance R 34 constitutes with trans-impedance amplifier TIA direct-current coupling.The positive pole of a detector diode D11 is connected with the output direct-current coupling of said emitter follower.Its negative pole is through detection capacitor C 1 ground connection; A FET Q23 and a resistance R 35 constitute common-source circuits; The source ground of field-effect transistor Q23 wherein, its drain electrode connects power supply VCC through resistance R 35, and its grid is connected with the negative pole of diode D11.
By above-mentioned connection; Said photoelectric switching circuit, said emitter follower, said detector diode, said detection electric capacity, and said commonsource amplifier constitute a comparatively desirable peak-detector circuit, its characteristic comprises that said trans-impedance amplifier penetrates the pulse voltage signal peak amplitude and said laser diode LD transmission light signal peak power linear correlation with output; Said emitter follower output end voltage quiescent point is lower than the conducting voltage (being about 0.6V) of said detector diode D11; Be that detector diode D11 static state is ended; When said photoelectric switching circuit voltage pulse output signal, its crest value of impulse voltage is superimposed on the quiescent voltage working point, when the two stack amplitude reaches the detector diode conducting voltage, and D11 conducting and to detection capacitor C 1 charging; When said detection capacitor C 1 charging voltage when being higher than the pinch-off voltage of said FET Q23, the Q23 conducting, its source voltage descends with the rising of detecting circuit input voltage peak amplitude.
By the above-mentioned above-mentioned peak-detector circuit that connects and composes; Its characteristic also comprises: between each assembly of said peak-detector circuit; All adopt direct-current coupling mode (DC coupling), thereby eliminated drift fluctuation of base limit and baseline shift time delay that common employing AC coupled modes are brought; The differential resistance R that just is conducted of said detector diode D11
dBe 100～1000 Ω orders of magnitude, its anti-phase ohmic leakage R
BckBe 10
11The Ω order of magnitude, the grid input resistance of said field-effect transistor Q23 is 10
13The Ω order of magnitude.Therefore, when peak-detector circuit applied signal voltage peak value was constant, said detection capacitor C 1 charging voltage maximum was V
S, its detection charge constant R
d* (capacitor C 1 voltage is from 0V to 0.68V for C1
SRequired time) keeps (discharge) time R than detecting circuit
Bck* (be detecting circuit when not having input signal, the voltage on the capacitor C 1 is from V for C1
SReduce to 0.68V
SThe required time) little 8 one magnitude.For example, select C1=6pf, then the charging interval is the ns order of magnitude; And the retention time is the 100ms order of magnitude, thereby makes said peak-detector circuit realize quick detection, and keeps memory for a long time; Make its peak detection efficient and input code type and frame structure irrelevant, promptly realize the peak detection of burst.And since its big discharge time constant, promptly big LPF time constant, and effectively the alternating current component of filtering detection output voltage makes circuit working stable.In fact; In order to be applicable to the peak detection of various frame structures (being various line codes) waveform; The detection charge constant should be less than or equal to about 1/10 of minimum subframe (packet) length; Could guarantee to detect peak value, and with subframe in the mark rate dependence can ignore, so charge constant is more little more approaching desirable.The detecting circuit retention time then at least should be greater than maximum multi-frame length, and maximum multi-frame limiting length is 50ms, and 50ms is the real-time exchange protect networks time, so no matter under any speed, the retention time is equal to or greater than 50ms and gets final product.Can see that from above-mentioned explanation detection charge constant and detecting circuit retention time constant respectively have its independently requirement, not have inevitable order of magnitude requirement ratio between the two.But since minimum subframe logical 1/10 usually much smaller than maximum multi-frame limiting length, the detection charge constant needs less than detecting circuit retention times 2 one magnitude usually.In the side circuit design,,, the two is difficult for accomplishing so taking into account owing to charging and keeping a shared capacitor.And the detection charging interval of setting in the present invention is several ns, and the retention time is tens to 100ms, has reached preferable effect.
Transistor Q24 and resistance R 36 constitute one first emitter follower, and its input is connected with the source electrode of above-mentioned field-effect transistor Q23.The difference amplifier transistor constitutes a differential comparator amplifier to pipe Q25, Q26 and resistance R 37, R38, R39; Wherein the collector electrode of Q25 connects power supply VCC through resistance R 37; The collector electrode of Q26 connects power supply VCC through resistance R 38, and the emitter of Q25 and Q26 is through resistance R 39 ground connection.Two resistance R 40, R41 are connected in series between back cross-over connection power supply VCC and the ground each other; Constitute a resitstance voltage divider; Reference voltage is provided; One of two inputs of said differential comparator amplifier be said transistor Q25 base stage with said penetrate with output be that the emitter of transistor Q24 is connected, peak detection voltage is penetrated with the said differential comparator amplifier of feed-in through said.Another input of said differential comparator amplifier is that the base stage of said transistor Q26 is connected with said resitstance voltage divider, to obtain comparison reference voltage (threshold voltage).
The collector electrode output voltage that above-mentioned differential comparator amplifier voltage output end is above-mentioned transistor Q26 sends photopeak value power linear correlation with said laser diode and is inversely proportional in setting range.Just when said laser diode LD sent the increase of photopeak value power, said differential comparator amplifier output voltage reduced, otherwise this voltage raises.
Transistor Q27, its base stage and the voltage output end of above-mentioned differential comparator amplifier are that the collector electrode of above-mentioned transistor Q26 is connected, and its collector electrode connects power supply VCC, and its emitter constitutes the 3rd emitter-base bandgap grading follower through resistance R 42 and R43 series connection ground connection.In addition; The emitter of transistor Q27 is connected with the collector electrode of above-mentioned transistor Q9 through one first isolating diode D12; Wherein the negative pole of first isolation, two sharp pipe D12 is connected with the emitter of above-mentioned transistor Q27, and the positive pole of the first isolating diode D12 is connected with the collector electrode of above-mentioned transistor Q9.Being connected in series o'clock of resistance R 42 and resistance R 43 is connected to the collector electrode of above-mentioned transistor Q17 through one second isolating diode D13; Wherein the negative pole of the second isolating diode D13 connects being connected in series a little of R42 and R43, and the positive pole of the second isolating diode D13 is connected with the collector electrode of above-mentioned transistor Q17.A transistor Q28; Its base stage and the complementary output end of above-mentioned differential comparator amplifier are that the collector electrode of above-mentioned transistor Q25 is connected; Its collector electrode connects power supply VCC; Its emitter constitutes second emitter follower through resistance R 44 ground connection, and draws laser diode from the emitter of Q28 and send photopeak value power monitoring port PW
MONDraw laser diode output photopeak value power setting port APC from the base stage of above-mentioned transistor Q26
SET, the user can arrive earth resistance R through external one of this port
APCLaser diode LD is set sends photopeak value power.
By above-mentioned connection; Said first emitter follower, said second emitter follower, said the 3rd emitter-base bandgap grading follower, and said differential comparator amplifier constitute differential ratio than amplifying circuit, said differential ratio than amplifying circuit together with said peak-detector circuit, said photoelectric switching circuit, said laser diode modulated current control circuit with modulated current switch, said laser diode bias current control circuit with bias current switch, and said first and second isolate diode and constitute the transmission photopeak value power that the present invention is used for the optical communication transmitter laser diode drive and control (APC) feedback loop automatically.Its characteristic comprises: said peak detection comparison amplifier output voltage through penetrating of constituting by said transistor Q27 and resistance R 42, R43 with and diode D12, D13 feed back to said LD modulated current control circuit and said LD bias current control circuit; Thereby modulated current and the bias current of control LD; Reach the purpose that control LD sends photopeak value power with this; As stated; This feedback voltage and LD send photopeak value power linear correlation and are inversely proportional to, thereby this feedback loop is the voltage negative feedback.The effect of wherein said diode D12 and D13 is the said peak detection comparison amplifier output moment high level pulse that possibly cause when being isolated in circuit supply power supply VCC switch and external rings interference; Make the LD drive current not exceed the maximum of setting, thereby avoid laser diode LD to receive impact injury.Also have above-mentioned feedback control loop both to control the modulated current of laser diode; Controlled the bias current of laser diode LD again; Usually in most cases only realize the LD transmitted power method of control automatically through the control bias current, its control dynamic range is bigger.Have again; Because the negative pole quiescent voltage working point of said diode D13 is lower than the quiescent point of said diode D12; Thereby the LD bias current goes into control earlier than the LD modulated current, thereby avoids in control procedure the excessive control of LD modulated current is caused that LD sends light signal dynamic extinction ratio deterioration.
In sum, in the burst laser diode drive of a kind of new structure provided by the invention, an input shaper circuit is used for revising the asymmetric of input differential signal, eliminates the possible relaxation distortion of input signal and improves the standing-wave ratio of input signal.A LD modulated current switch changes voltage signal into current signal and modulated laser diode LD, and a laser diode LD converts above-mentioned modulated current signal into corresponding light signal and is sent to the optical transmission media.A LD modulated current control circuit is that LD modulated current switch provides modulated current and dynamically controls the LD modulated current according to whole feedback control loop state; LD bias current control circuit with bias current switch is that laser diode LD provides bias current and dynamically controls the LD bias current according to the state of whole feedback control loop; A photodiode PD and connected trans-impedance amplifier TIA convert the light signal (dorsad) that laser diode sends into voltage signal; Peak-detector circuit with trans-impedance amplifier TIA direct-current coupling detects the voltage signal that sends photopeak value power linear correlation with laser diode LD; Its time constant that detects fast (charging interval) is merely the ns order of magnitude; Its discharge time constant (retention time) reaches the 100ms order of magnitude; And owing to all adopt direct-current coupling (DC coupling) mode between each assembly of this peak-detector circuit; Overcome baseline shift fluctuation and the baseline shift that common AC coupling causes and stablize time delay, thereby circuit realizes reliable and stable peak detection, its detecting circuit and LD transmission photopeak value power linear correlation and have nothing to do with modulation format and frame structure; A differential comparator amplifier compares and enlarges the output voltage of peak-detector circuit and the comparison reference voltage of setting; It relatively amplifies output voltage and LD and sends photopeak value power linear correlation and be inversely proportional to; This output voltage is fed back to LD modulated current control circuit and LD bias current control circuit, and the variable quantity that also is about to LD output photopeak value power is converted into linear correlation and the voltage variety that is inversely proportional to feeds back to the voltage offset electric circuit of LD modulation current source and LD bias current sources, when LD sends the rising of photopeak value power; Above-mentioned bias voltage is reduced; Otherwise above-mentioned bias voltage is raise, control automatically thereby reach LD transmission peak light power, and it is remained in the setting range; The present invention not only is applicable to the optical transmitter of burst, is applicable to that also the light of stochastic equilibrium signal flow sends.
Above embodiment is the unrestricted technical scheme of the present invention in order to explanation only.Do not break away from any modification or the local replacement of spirit and scope of the invention, all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (26)
1. a laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter is characterized in that, comprising:
The input shaper circuit is used for the waveform of differential voltage signal to input and carries out shaping and amplify, with the disequilibrium and the relaxation distortion of the differential signal of eliminating input;
Laser diode modulated current control circuit with modulated current switch; The output, and the laser diode to be driven that connect said input shaper circuit; Be used for the signal of said input shaper circuit output is converted into the modulated current signal with positive temperature coefficient, and make said modulated current signal send light pulse signal to drive said laser diode through said modulated current switch;
Have the laser diode bias current control circuit of bias current switch, connect said laser diode, be used for the bias current with positive temperature coefficient being provided to said laser diode;
Photoelectric switching circuit is used for converting the light signal dorsad of said laser diode output into the signal of telecommunication;
Peak-detector circuit with said photoelectric switching circuit direct-current coupling; Be used for the signal of telecommunication of said photoelectric switching circuit output is carried out quick detection with the output rectified signal; And its detection time constant to the peak value of burst detects so that can realize less than retention times 2 one magnitude of rectified signal at least;
With the differential ratio of said peak-detector circuit direct-current coupling than amplifying circuit; It can be exported with said laser diode and send the signal that photopeak value power is relevant and be inversely proportional to; And its output and said laser diode modulated current control circuit, and said laser diode bias current control circuit be connected; To form negative feedback loop, realize control to said bias current and said modulated current.
2. the laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: said input shaper circuit comprises the attenuation network that said differential voltage signal is decayed and is connected the differential amplifier of said attenuation network output.
3. the laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter as claimed in claim 2; It is characterized in that: the series circuit of said attenuation network for constituting, the turnover voltage that the peak-to-peak value of the differential signal of its output is put greater than the bipolar transistor difference by the resistance series connection.
4. the laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: said differential amplifier comprises a differential pair tube, the constant-current source circuit of electric current is provided, is connected with said constant-current source circuit and is used to compensate the proportional current mirror of said constant-current source circuit temperature characterisitic, is connected said differential pair tube output and will export the said constant-current source circuit of signal back separately to constitute two emitter followers of direct current negative feedback biasing respectively to said differential pair tube.
5. the laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: said constant-current source circuit is made up of transistor AND gate resistance, and said proportional current mirror is made up of diode and resistance.
6. the laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: said modulated current switch comprises that a transistor is to pipe; Wherein, Said transistor connects said laser diode to an output, the collector electrode that one base stage in the pipe connects said input shaper circuit, and said transistor connects power end to another output, the collector electrode that another person's in the pipe base stage connects said input shaper circuit.
7. the laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter as claimed in claim 6; It is characterized in that said laser diode modulated current control circuit also comprises: with said transistor the emitter of two transistor of pipe is connected and be used to provide modulated current the modulated current source circuit, to said modulated current source circuit provide bias voltage the negative feedback serial regulating circuit, and the output of said negative feedback serial regulating circuit is coupled to the emitter follower of said modulated current source circuit.
8. the laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: said modulated current source circuit is drawn a laser diode modulated current monitoring side.
9. the laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: the input of said emitter follower is drawn a laser diode modulated current and end is set through connecing the resistance of establishing the initial modulation electric current to be set.
10. the laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter as claimed in claim 7; It is characterized in that; Said laser diode modulated current control circuit also comprises: be connected said negative feedback serial regulating circuit output, and can make the bias voltage of said negative feedback serial regulating circuit output be lower than the required bias voltage of said modulated current source circuit and then cause said modulated current source circuit not export the drive current complete shut-down deenergizing of modulated current.
11. the laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter as claimed in claim 10; It is characterized in that: said drive current complete shut-down deenergizing is the common emitter circuit of two-stage series connection, and said common emitter circuit is drawn drive current complete shut-down outage pressure input.
12. the laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: said bias current switch comprises that a transistor provides the base bias circuit of base bias voltage to pipe with to said transistor respectively to both that manage; Wherein, Said transistor is higher than another person's base bias voltage to one base bias voltage in the pipe, and the high person's of base bias voltage collector electrode connects said laser diode, and low person's collector electrode connects power end.
13. the laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter as claimed in claim 12; It is characterized in that said laser diode bias current control circuit also comprises: with said transistor the emitter of two transistor of pipe is connected and be used to provide bias current the bias current source circuit, to said bias current source circuit provide bias voltage the negative feedback serial regulating circuit, and the output of said negative feedback serial regulating circuit is coupled to the emitter follower of said bias current source circuit.
14. the laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that: said bias current source circuit is drawn a laser diode bias current monitoring side.
15. the laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that: the input of said emitter follower is drawn a laser diode bias current and end is set through connecing the resistance of establishing the initial bias electric current to be set.
16. the laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter as claimed in claim 13; It is characterized in that; Said laser diode bias current control circuit also comprises: be connected said negative feedback serial regulating circuit output, and can make the bias voltage of said negative feedback serial regulating circuit output be lower than the required bias voltage of said bias current source circuit and then cause the not bias current breaking circuit of output offset electric current of said bias current source circuit.
17. the laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that: said bias current breaking circuit is the common emitter circuit of two-stage series connection, and said common emitter circuit is drawn a bias current shutoff voltage input.
18. the laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter as claimed in claim 17; It is characterized in that: said laser diode modulated current control circuit is drawn bias current shutoff voltage control end and drive current complete shut-down outage pressure-controlled end; Said bias current shutoff voltage control end is connected through a unidirectional isolating diode with said drive current complete shut-down outage pressure-controlled end, so that said bias current breaking circuit does not exert an influence to said drive current complete shut-down deenergizing when turn-offing.
19. the laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: said photoelectric switching circuit comprises a photodiode and and the trans-impedance amplifier of said photodiode direct-current coupling.
20. the laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that said peak-detector circuit comprises: the emitter follower of the said photoelectric switching circuit of direct-current coupling output signal, detector diode, the detection electric capacity that is connected with said detector diode and be connected and comprise the commonsource amplifier of field-effect transistor with said detection electric capacity with said emitter follower direct-current coupling.
21. the laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter as claimed in claim 20; It is characterized in that: the charge constant that said detection electric capacity and said detector diode conducting resistance constitute is several ns orders of magnitude, and the discharge time constant that the reverse off-resistances of said detection electric capacity and said detector diode constitutes is tens ms orders of magnitude.
22. the laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said differential ratio comprises than amplifying circuit: be connected first emitter follower of said peak-detector circuit output, be connected with the said first emitter follower output and comprise differential comparator amplifier that differential pair tube constitutes, and second emitter follower and the 3rd emitter-base bandgap grading follower that are connected respectively with two outputs of said differential pair tube; The input of one in the wherein said differential pair tube connects said first emitter follower; Another person's input connects reference voltage, and the output that connects the reference voltage person can be exported voltage relevant with said laser diode transmission photopeak value power and that be inversely proportional to.
23. the laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter as claimed in claim 22 is characterized in that: in said differential pair tube, connect the reference voltage person and draw laser diode output photopeak value power setting end.
24. the laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter as claimed in claim 22; It is characterized in that: in said differential pair tube, it draws laser diode transmission photopeak value power monitoring end through said second emitter follower to connect the said first emitter follower person.
25. the laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter as claimed in claim 22 is characterized in that: said differential ratio comprises also that than amplifying circuit negative pole is connected said the 3rd emitter-base bandgap grading follower and positive pole is connected first isolating diode of said laser diode modulated current control circuit and negative pole is connected said the 3rd emitter-base bandgap grading follower and positive pole is connected second isolating diode between the said laser diode bias current control circuit.
26. the laser diode drive that is used for optical communication transmitter as claimed in claim 25; It is characterized in that: the negative pole quiescent voltage working point of said second isolating diode is lower than the quiescent point of said first isolating diode, so that bias current is gone into control earlier than modulated current.
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| CN2009101973214A CN101692521B (en) | 2009-10-16 | 2009-10-16 | Laser diode driver for optical communication transmitter |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2009101973214A CN101692521B (en) | 2009-10-16 | 2009-10-16 | Laser diode driver for optical communication transmitter |
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| CN101692521A CN101692521A (en) | 2010-04-07 |
| CN101692521B true CN101692521B (en) | 2012-04-18 |
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