CN101685162B - Daytime celestial body detecting device - Google Patents
Daytime celestial body detecting device Download PDFInfo
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- CN101685162B CN101685162B CN2009100889005A CN200910088900A CN101685162B CN 101685162 B CN101685162 B CN 101685162B CN 2009100889005 A CN2009100889005 A CN 2009100889005A CN 200910088900 A CN200910088900 A CN 200910088900A CN 101685162 B CN101685162 B CN 101685162B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a daytime celestial body detecting device, which is characterized by mainly comprising a light shield, a symmetrical turn-back type optical system, an eight-shift light filter turntable, a linear polaroid turntable, a CCD camera and a corresponding mechanical structure. The daytime celestial body detecting device adopts a spectral filtering method and a polarization method to detect target celestial bodies under a daytime cloudless sky background while having novelties, and improves the performance of detecting the daytime celestial bodies.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical detection instruments design field, relate to a kind of day star detecting device.
Background technology
As a rule, people carry out the detection of celestial body at night, yet have some celestial bodies to occur by day, and this celestial body that occurs is by day used ordinary detection method and is difficult to it is surveyed.Therefore the detection to them has just had bigger difficulty.Be that with the key distinction of evening celestial body being surveyed bias light brightness is different daytime.By day, the signal of target itself very a little less than, the signal that sky background produced is then stronger, the scattering that adds atmosphere absorbs influence such as turbulent flow makes that the contrast of target is very poor, is difficult to discern.The main difficult point that day star is surveyed is low contrast and the low signal-to-noise ratio that strong background causes.Therefore in order to improve the performance of surveying celestial body daytime, the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) that how interference of bias light is suppressed, how to improve system is surveyed purpose and is become emphasis to reach.
For the detection of celestial body under the daytime cloudless air background, generally take two kinds of methods: the method for spectral filtering and the method for polarization.Before a kind of be a more traditional method; The back is a kind of to be a new trial of celestial body field of detecting by day.
Auspicious teacher Zhu's over sixty years of age of photoelectric technology research institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, as far back as last century the eighties just proposed latter stage with the spectral filtering method by day to celestial body survey (referring to: Zhu over sixty years of age is auspicious etc., utilizes the spectral filtering technology to improve the detectivity of CCD to the faint order of sky border. the aircraft observation and control technology; 1989; (1) 17-24), other schools and research institute also in succession carrying out the research of this respect, all are application of spectral filter methods; For example Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun optical precision optical machinery physics institute (referring to Xu Weian. the spectral filtering device surveys the application [J] in the star by day. the optical precision engineering; 1996,4 (4): 84-88) and Applied Electronics Inst., Chinese Engineering Physics Inst. (referring to: ten thousand is quick, Su Yi; Yang Rui; Deng. improve the method research [J] of daylight observation celestial body signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio). the light laser and the particle beams, 2003,15 (12): 1151.1154.) etc.
Survey by day in the star, spectral filtering is a generally acknowledged efficient ways.It can be through the wavelength band of target celestial body and sky background light and the different abilities of visiting star daytime that improve of peak value.The spectral filtering method adopts optical filter to make optical system see through the radiation of given wave band.Utilize optical filter to eliminate unwanted radiation spectrum composition, improve detector thus the ratio of required target with the background radiation flux.
Yet spectral filtering method itself also has its intrinsic defective, concerning the detection of some spectral characteristics and the much the same target celestial body of background, is difficult to adopting said method and improves signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).For example, the spectrum of nova and the background spectrum of sky are more or less the same, so the method for application of spectral filtering is difficult to it is differentiated.
Use the polarization method day star is surveyed, almost the while is being carried out research work (referring to Ye Song, Fang Yonghua for Anhui optical precision optical machinery research institute and our institute; Sun Xiaobing, Hong Jin. a kind of fixed star daylight observation method [J] based on polarization information. atmosphere and environmental optics journal, 2007; 5; 2 (3): 222-226), they focus on the distant polarization of atmosphere aspect, have accumulated a lot of data.What use is that a triple channel polarization detection system (polarization direction is respectively 0 °, 60 °, 120 °) is surveyed.
Polarizing method can remedy the defective of spectral filtering method to a great extent, and it can utilize target celestial body and sky background polarization state differently improves signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and celestial body is measured.Sky background is on the position of 90 degree at scattering surface and sun incident light angle; Degree of polarization is maximum, and is 1 polarization point at Babinet, Brewster, Arago neutral point, when observed ray is departing from the sun and before reaching 90 degree; At visible light and infrared spectral region; The degree of polarization that observes increases gradually, and after this, degree of polarization begins to reduce.Target is the nature celestial body, and its degree of polarization is zero in theory, though in communication process, received influence, change has taken place polarization state, and the actual value of its degree of polarization is also also little.
Yet for the very little zone of sky background degree of polarization; The zone of Babinet, Brewster, Arago neutral point and solar neighborhood for example; The degree of polarization of target celestial body and sky background is too big difference not, therefore is difficult to improve the purpose that signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) reaches detection in this zone.
Summary of the invention
Technology of the present invention is dealt with problems: the deficiency based on spectral filtering method and polarization method that overcomes prior art; A kind of day star detecting device is provided; This device adopts spectral filtering method and polarization method that the target celestial body under the daytime cloudless air background is surveyed simultaneously, has improved the detection performance of day star.
Technical solution of the present invention: a kind of day star detecting device comprises: light shield, cover glass, sheet glass, catoptron, two-piece type compensating glass group, primary mirror, optical filter and adjusting mechanism, polaroid and adjusting mechanism thereof, CCD camera; Wherein, light shield is installed in the system forefront, and the parasitic light of dialogue sky sky background suppresses; The symmetry Zigzag type optical system of light shield and its back is installed in the same lens barrel; Symmetry Zigzag type optical system is made up of cover glass, sheet glass, catoptron, two-piece type compensating glass group, primary mirror; Lens barrel peace is connected on the cabinet, is followed successively by filter wheel and adjusting mechanism, polaroid and adjusting mechanism thereof (8) in the back of symmetry Zigzag type optical system, is furnished with the receiving device CCD camera of heat dissipation channel.Incident ray at first suppresses parasitic light through light shield; Then in order through cover glass, sheet glass, in first transmission of primary mirror; Second reflection, the light of reflected back penetrates from symmetry Zigzag type optical system through two-piece type compensating glass group through being fixed on the catoptron secondary reflection again on the sheet glass; Pass through optical filter and polaroid again, the image planes that finally arrive the CCD camera are carried out to picture.
The visual field of described symmetry Zigzag type optical system is that 0.8 °, entrance pupil diameter 200mm, focal length 800mm, F are several 4, wave band 450～1000nm, centre wavelength are that 700nm, glass material all adopt N-BK7.
Optical filter in described optical filter and the adjusting mechanism thereof is made up of 8 grades of optical filters, is divided into 4 colorless filter and 4 colored filters, and the wave band of 4 colorless filter is 400～1000nm, and transmitance is respectively 98.5%, 50%, 25%, 5%; 4 colored filter wave bands are 600～1000nm, and transmitance is respectively 98.5%, 50%, 25%, 5%.The optical filter adjusting mechanism drives between the different optical filters and switches under step motor drive.
Polaroid adjusting mechanism in described polaroid and the adjusting mechanism thereof rotates in 0 °～180 ° angular range linear polarizer under step motor drive, and angle control resolving power is 0.1 °.
The wave band of selected CCD camera is 400～1080nm, and the CCD camera is installed on the guide rail, under step motor control, moves CCD camera (9) and focuses; Described CCD camera itself has fan, through heat dissipation channel with the heat cabinet outside of leading.
The present invention's advantage compared with prior art is:
(1) adopt spectral filtering method and polarization method to come the celestial body under the dialogue sky sky background to survey novelty of the present invention the time; Increase substantially the contrast SNR of celestial body and background under the cloudless air background on daytime, improved the detection performance of day star.
(2) the present invention uses light shield, can effectively suppress the parasitic light of sky background on daytime.
(3) the symmetry Zigzag type optical system that the present invention designed, picture element is high, and MTF almost reaches diffraction limit, and does not introduce extra polarization error, helps that cloudless air on daytime celestial body is down carried out polarization and surveys, and glass material is N-BK7, the cost performance height.
(4), selected the response wave band of optical system and CCD camera according to the spectral characteristic of target (daytime sky background under celestial body).More help the celestial body under the daytime cloudless air is carried out spectrographic detection;
(5) optical filter of the present invention is made up of 8 grades of optical filters, can in four wavelength band, select application of spectral filter method or non-application of spectral filter method that target is surveyed flexibly.
(6) under the driving of stepper motor, polaroid adjusting mechanism of the present invention can rotate in 0 °～180 ° angular range linear polarizer fast and accurately, can use the polarization method target is surveyed.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the mechanical-optical setup synoptic diagram of day star detecting device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the partial enlarged drawing of cover glass, sheet glass and catoptron etc. in the mechanical-optical setup of day star detecting device of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the partial enlarged drawing of two-piece type compensating glass group, primary mirror, filter wheel and adjusting mechanism and polaroid and adjusting mechanism thereof etc. in the mechanical-optical setup of day star detecting device of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the optical system of day star detecting device of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the transfer curve of day star detecting device optical system;
Fig. 6 is the point range figure of day star detecting device optical system;
Fig. 7 target and background irradiance distribution curve;
Fig. 8 is an optical filter adjusting mechanism synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Polarisation distribution figure in Fig. 9 days aerial sun principal planes;
Figure 10 is a polaroid adjusting mechanism synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Like Fig. 1,2, shown in 3, the present invention is made up of light shield 1, cover glass 2, sheet glass 3, catoptron 4, two-piece type compensating glass group 5, primary mirror 6, filter wheel and adjusting mechanism 7, polaroid and adjusting mechanism 8 thereof, CCD camera 9, heat dissipation channel 10, cabinet 11.Wherein, cover glass 2, sheet glass 3, catoptron 4, two-piece type compensating glass group 5, primary mirror 6 have been formed the optical system of a symmetry Zigzag type.Light shield 1 is installed in the same lens barrel with symmetry Zigzag type optical system, and the lens barrel peace is connected on the cabinet 11, and optical filter and adjusting mechanism 7 thereof, polaroid and adjusting mechanism 8 thereof, CCD camera 9, heat dissipation channel 10 are housed in the cabinet 11.
Optical system leaves sufficiently long rear cut-off distance, so optical filter and adjusting mechanism 7 and polaroid and adjusting mechanism 8 can be installed between optical system and CCD camera 9.Optical filter adjusting mechanism and polaroid adjusting mechanism can be rotated under the drive of motor.
System can focus through moving CCD camera 9, adopts stepper motor open loop control.Consider in 9 work of CCD camera and require refrigeration; And the CCD camera of selecting for use among the present invention 9 itself has fan; So designed a heat dissipation channel 10, the heat guiding cabinet that camera produces is outside, avoid heat in cabinet, to assemble image quality is produced interference.
Fig. 4 is an optical system configuration composition of the present invention, in design and process, must guarantee the no inclined to one side characteristic of camera lens and whole optical system.For this reason, adopted a symmetric Zigzag type optical system.Incident ray gets into symmetry Zigzag type optical system; In order through cover glass 2, sheet glass 3; In first transmission of primary mirror 6, second reflection, reflection ray penetrates from symmetry Zigzag type optical system through two-piece type compensating glass group 5 through catoptron 4 secondary reflection again; Emergent ray is adjusted the energy of target and background light again through filter plate and adjusting mechanism 7 and polaroid and adjusting mechanism 8, finally arrive the image planes imaging of CCD camera 9.The wave band of optical system is 450～1000nm, and the response wave band of CCD camera is 400～1080nm.These are to select according to the spectral characteristic of target.The centre wavelength of optical system is 700nm, near the spectrum peak of celestial body under the daytime sky background.The entrance pupil diameter 200mm of optical system, focal length 800mm, F several 4.Glass material all adopts N-BK7, and N-BK7 has good chemistry and mechanical property, and low price.As shown in table 1:
Table 1, lens parameters and parameter detector
Fig. 5, Fig. 6 are the image quality analysis of optical system.It is respectively the modulation transfer function figure and the point range figure of optical system.From Fig. 5 can see 60 lines right/when millimeter, the modulation transfer function MTF of system is greater than 0.55, very near diffraction limit, it can guarantee a good image quality; As can beappreciated from fig. 6 all less than 3.236mm, point range figure is very round in all visual fields for root mean square radius R MS, shows that coma and astigmatism are all very little.Can find out that from Fig. 5, Fig. 6 optical system can satisfy the detection demand fully.
Fig. 7 is that the relative irradiance value of a certain by day moment background and target is along with the wavelength change curve.Dotted line f (λ) expression be the relative irradiance value of background with wavelength X at the change curve of 0.1 μ m in 1.1 mu m ranges; What solid line g (λ) represented is the change curve of the relative irradiance value of target with wavelength X.As can beappreciated from fig. 7, for the cloudless air on daytime of this moment, bias light mainly is a shortwave; It is about 0.5 μ m that its peak value appears in wavelength X; And its continuous spectrum curve from peak value to very fast than the long-wave band decline rate, beyond wavelength 0.9 μ m, spectral energy is very low.Yet the relative energy of target is different, and its wavelength is more longer, and its peak value to appear at wavelength be near the 0.8 μ m position.Like this, in the detection of by day celestial body being carried out, if adopt optical filter, let light the wavelength of 0.6 μ m or 0.7 μ m everywhere by, then can significantly improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and reach the purpose of detection.
Fig. 8 is that optical filter and adjusting mechanism 7,12 are gear, the 14th, stepper motor for optical filter, 13.Stepper motor 14 driven wheels 13 are adopted in the optical filter light modulation, switch thereby drive between the different optical filters.Zero signal is arranged on the optical filter and put signal in place, these two signals all are to be provided by photoelectric tube.
The optical filter light modulation is divided into 8 grades, and optical filter transmitance and wave band see the following form 2:
The wave band of table 2 optical filter and transmitance
As shown in table 2, detection system is used two kinds of optical filters, colorless filter and colored filters.These two kinds of optical filters all have four transmitances for you to choose, are respectively 98.5%, 50%, 25%, 5%, and when surveying, the selection that optical filter sees through filter is based on following two principles: (1) will have enough light intensity; (2) prevent that CCD is saturated.
Colorless filter (wave band 0.4～1.0 μ m) allows in visible-range, to survey; The target celestial body is surveyed under colored filter (wave band 0.6～1.0 μ m) the permission application of spectral filtering dialogue sky sky background.
What Fig. 9 showed is the distribution of polarization state under the sky background on daytime.Wherein, the D point is a zenith point, and F is the sun, and what A represented is the opposite direction of the sun, and the C point is the polarization value maximum point, and G point, E point, B point are three neutral points, and wherein the G point is the brewsterk neutral point, and the B point is the babanet neutral point, and the B point is the arago neutral point.As shown in Figure 7, in the vertical circle of the sun, at scattering surface and the sun (F) incident light angle (C) on 90 ° the position; The degree of polarization value that observes is maximum, and is 1 polarization point at Babinet (E), Brewster (G), Arago (A) neutral point, when observed ray reaches 90 ° (C) before departing from the sun (F); At visible light and infrared spectral region; The degree of polarization that observes increases gradually, and after this, degree of polarization begins to reduce.And the polarization state of target celestial body is zero in theory, and through atmospheric scattering, its degree of polarization is still very little.
Figure 10 is a polaroid adjusting mechanism 8.15 are polaroid (adopting line to compile the sheet that shakes), the 16th, and driving wheel, 17 is motor, the 18th, engaged wheel, and motor 17 drives engaged wheel 18 through driving the initiatively gear teeth 16, thereby realizes the rotation of polaroid 15.Polaroid anglec of rotation range of control is: 0 °～180 °, angle control resolving power is 0.1 °.Use polaroid adjusting mechanism rotatory polarization sheet 15, not only can be according to target celestial body and polarization of background attitude different, can also measure background stokes parameter S (I, Q, U, V), and then know the polarization information of bias light:
The angle of rotatory polarization sheet 15 is respectively 0 °, 45 ° and 90 °, and the light intensity value of three measurements is respectively I
1, I
2, I
3, then
Because under the daytime sky background, the V value is very little, can be approximated to be 0, so have
Claims (6)
1. day star detecting device; It is characterized in that comprising: light shield (1), cover glass (2), sheet glass (3), catoptron (4), two-piece type compensating glass group (5), primary mirror (6), optical filter and adjusting mechanism (7) thereof, polaroid and adjusting mechanism (8) thereof, CCD camera (9), heat dissipation channel (10), cabinet (11); Wherein, Light shield (1) is installed in the system forefront, and the parasitic light of dialogue sky sky background suppresses; Light shield (1) is installed in the same lens barrel with the symmetry Zigzag type optical system of its back; Symmetry Zigzag type optical system is made up of cover glass (2), sheet glass (3), catoptron (4), two-piece type compensating glass group (5), primary mirror (6); Lens barrel peace is connected on the cabinet (11), is followed successively by optical filter and adjusting mechanism (7) thereof, polaroid and adjusting mechanism (8) thereof in the back of symmetry Zigzag type optical system, is furnished with the receiving device CCD camera (9) of heat dissipation channel (10); Incident ray at first suppresses parasitic light through light shield (1); Then in order through cover glass (2), sheet glass (3), in first transmission of primary mirror (6); Second reflection, the light of reflected back penetrates from symmetry Zigzag type optical system through two-piece type compensating glass group (5) through being fixed on catoptron (4) secondary reflection again on the sheet glass (3); Pass through optical filter and polaroid again, the image planes that finally arrive CCD camera (9) are carried out to picture.
2. day star detecting device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the visual field of described symmetry Zigzag type optical system is that 0.8 °, entrance pupil diameter 200mm, focal length 800mm, F are several 4, wave band 450～1000nm, centre wavelength are that 700nm, glass material all adopt N-BK7.
3. day star detecting device according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the optical filter in described optical filter and the adjusting mechanism thereof (7) is made up of the shelves optical filter; Be divided into 4 colorless filter and 4 colored filters; The wave band of 4 colorless filter is 400～1000nm, and transmitance is respectively 98.5%, 50%, 25%, 5%; 4 colored filter wave bands are 600～1000nm, and transmitance is respectively 98.5%, 50%, 25%, 5%; The optical filter adjusting mechanism drives between the different optical filters and switches under step motor drive.
4. day star detecting device according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the polaroid adjusting mechanism in described polaroid and the adjusting mechanism thereof (8) is under step motor drive; Linear polarizer is rotated in 0 °～180 ° angular range, and angle control resolving power is 0.1 °.
5. day star detecting device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the wave band of selected CCD camera (9) is 400～1080nm, and CCD camera (9) is installed on the guide rail, under step motor control, moves CCD camera (9) and focuses.
6. according to claim 1 or 5 described day star detecting devices, it is characterized in that: described CCD camera (9) itself has fan, through heat dissipation channel (10) with the heat cabinet outside of leading.
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101980074A (en) * | 2010-10-12 | 2011-02-23 | 黄锐敏 | Method for applying polarized lens between lens and optical coupler |
| CN102213896A (en) * | 2011-06-09 | 2011-10-12 | 广州市信康科技电子有限公司 | Application method of polarized lens in monitoring camera protection cover |
| CN105425508B (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2019-02-01 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所 | For sequence laser shadowgraph light splitting device |
| US9874699B2 (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2018-01-23 | Futurewei Technologies, Inc. | Optical mode conversion using transistor outline (TO) techniques and a ball lens |
| CN106383427B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2019-05-24 | 上海航天控制技术研究所 | A kind of star sensor hood based on space filtering |
| CN108490580A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-09-04 | 江苏北方湖光光电有限公司 | A kind of doublet synchronous focusing device |
| CN109506644B (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2022-09-02 | 中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所 | All-time high-sensitivity star sensor |
| CN111650757B (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2022-04-08 | 上海航天控制技术研究所 | Optical system of all-day star sensor adopting polarization filtering and use method thereof |
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| CN1825159A (en) * | 2006-01-20 | 2006-08-30 | 中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所 | Polarization filtering method and apparatus for astronomical optical telescope |
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