CN101680299A - 旋转式内燃机和液压马达 - Google Patents

旋转式内燃机和液压马达 Download PDF

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CN101680299A
CN101680299A CN200980000103A CN200980000103A CN101680299A CN 101680299 A CN101680299 A CN 101680299A CN 200980000103 A CN200980000103 A CN 200980000103A CN 200980000103 A CN200980000103 A CN 200980000103A CN 101680299 A CN101680299 A CN 101680299A
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T·维塔迈基
M·维塔迈基
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C1/00—Rotary-piston machines or engines
    • F01C1/30—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
    • F01C1/34—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/08 or F01C1/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
    • F01C1/344—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/08 or F01C1/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C1/00—Rotary-piston machines or engines
    • F01C1/30—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
    • F01C1/34—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/08 or F01C1/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
    • F01C1/344—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/08 or F01C1/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member
    • F01C1/3441—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/08 or F01C1/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member the inner and outer member being in contact along one line or continuous surface substantially parallel to the axis of rotation
    • F01C1/3442—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/08 or F01C1/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member the inner and outer member being in contact along one line or continuous surface substantially parallel to the axis of rotation the surfaces of the inner and outer member, forming the working space, being surfaces of revolution
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C1/00—Rotary-piston machines or engines
    • F01C1/30—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
    • F01C1/34—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/08 or F01C1/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
    • F01C1/344—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/08 or F01C1/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member
    • F01C1/348—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/08 or F01C1/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member the vanes positively engaging, with circumferential play, an outer rotatable member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C21/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in groups F01C1/00 - F01C20/00
    • F01C21/08—Rotary pistons
    • F01C21/0809—Construction of vanes or vane holders
    • F01C21/0818—Vane tracking; control therefor
    • F01C21/0827—Vane tracking; control therefor by mechanical means
    • F01C21/0836—Vane tracking; control therefor by mechanical means comprising guiding means, e.g. cams, rollers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03C—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS
    • F03C2/00—Rotary-piston engines
    • F03C2/30—Rotary-piston engines having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F03C2/02, F03C2/08, F03C2/22, F03C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
    • F03C2/304—Rotary-piston engines having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F03C2/02, F03C2/08, F03C2/22, F03C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having both the movements defined in sub-group F03C2/08 or F03C2/22 and relative reciprocation between members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
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    • F04C2/00—Rotary-piston machines or pumps
    • F04C2/30—Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
    • F04C2/34—Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in groups F04C2/08 or F04C2/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
    • F04C2/344—Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in groups F04C2/08 or F04C2/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种旋转式内燃机和液压马达，包括：不旋转的外壳(1)；不旋转的内壳(3)；动力轴(5)，其设置有偏心部分；驱动偏心环(8)，其设置在外壳(1)和内壳(3)之间，并且通过轴承安装在动力轴(5)的偏心部分(6)上；燃烧室构造或压力室构造(19)，其用于燃烧供给到内燃机中的燃料和空气的混合物，燃烧室构造(19)设置在偏心环(8)和内壳(3)之间，或者其用于将液压流体输送到压力室构造(19)或将液压流体从压力室构造(19)中输送出去，使得偏心环(8)借助基本上不旋转的偏心运动驱动动力轴(5)；分隔器部件(9)，其用于将燃烧室构造(19)分为尺寸相同的至少两个部分(19)，由此分隔器部件(9)延伸穿过内壳(3)并且与驱动偏心环(8)的内表面紧密接触；以及偏心装置或控制器(10)，其用于相对于内壳(3)来回地驱动分隔器部件(9)，由此偏心装置或控制器的偏心距与动力轴(5)的偏心部分(6)的偏心距相对应，偏心装置或控制器(10)包括至少一个引导槽(11)，引导槽(11)形成偏心路径，分隔器部件连接至引导槽(11)。

Description

旋转式内燃机和液压马达
技术领域
[0001]本发明涉及旋转式内燃机，其包括不旋转的外壳；不旋转的内壳；动力轴，其设置有偏心部分；驱动偏心环，其设置在所述外壳和所述内壳之间，并且通过轴承安装在所述动力轴的偏心部分上；燃烧室构造，其用于燃烧供给到内燃机中的燃料和空气的混合物，所述燃烧室构造设置在所述偏心环和所述内壳之间，使得所述偏心环借助基本上不旋转的偏心运动驱动所述动力轴；分隔器部件，其用于将所述燃烧室构造分为尺寸相同的至少两个部分，由此所述分隔器部件延伸穿过所述内壳并且与所述驱动偏心环的内表面紧密接触；偏心装置或控制器，其用于相对于所述内壳来回地驱动所述分隔器部件，由此所述偏心装置或控制器的偏心距与所述动力轴的所述偏心部分的偏心距相对应。
[0002]本发明还涉及液压马达，在上述构造中，代替燃烧室构造的是在偏心环和内壳之间设置的压力室构造，该压力室构造用于将液压流体输送到压力室构造或将液压流体从压力室构造中输送出去。
背景技术
[0003]芬兰专利No.110807和114235中公开了这样的内燃机和马达。
[0004]这些专利中所述的解决方案存在的问题在于，由于系统的路径而使得分隔器部件的密封表面和驱动偏心环(即第一偏心环)的内表面之间的距离不再保持不变。这是因为分隔器部件在大部分时间朝向它们的配合表面稍稍倾斜；仅仅在分隔器部件与穿过动力轴的中心轴线和偏心环构造的偏心距的中心的线成一直线时，分隔器部件与引导所述分隔器部件的偏心环垂直，也就是相对于该偏心环径向地定向。
发明内容
[0005]本发明的目的在于提供一种上述的内燃机和马达，以便能够解决前述问题。本发明的目的通过内燃机和液压马达来实现，该内燃机和液压马达的特征在于包括至少一个引导槽，所述引导槽形成偏心路径，所述分隔器部件连接至所述引导槽。
[0006]在优选的实施例中，所述引导槽形成于固定地安装在所述动力轴上的至少一个引导盘的侧表面上。
[0007]从而，本发明是基于控制器或控制组件，该控制器或控制组件形成分隔器部件的偏心路径并且最好是单独形成的，其中可以容易地设置该偏心路径，使得通过引导槽的适当形状，分隔器部件的相对配合表面之间的距离总是保持不变，所述形状通常稍稍不同于圆形轨迹，也就是略微成椭圆形。从前述说明中明显可以看出，这个实施偏心控制的组件现在沿着动力轴旋转，这也增强了分隔器部件与偏心环的内表面之间的密封接触。而不是像之前那样完全地保持装置的基本运转，也就是驱动偏心环不旋转。
[0008]根据本发明的解决方案能够消除分隔器部件的前述的有问题的振动以及由此导致的分隔器部件及其配合表面的非正常磨损。现在，可以容易地适当设置分隔器部件的运行间隙，并且可以操纵在分隔器部件的端部处提供的密封运转，从而改善密封效果。
[0009]另外的优点在于，此前使用的内偏心环不是必需的，因为毕竟除了偏心环构造的轴承系统之外，之前其目的仅仅是实施所讨论的控制。现在能够通过轴承直接地仅仅将驱动外偏心环直接地安装在动力轴的偏心部分上。
[0010]权利要求3至11中进一步公开了本发明的其它优选方式和实施例。
附图说明
[0011]现在将参考优选实施例和附图更加详细地描述本发明，其中
图1示出了根据本发明的旋转式内燃机的横向截面图，即径向截面图；
图2示出了根据图1的内燃机的纵向截面图，即轴向截面图；
图3为根据前述附图的内燃机的分解图；
图4为与根据前述附图的结构结合的动力轴的透视图，导向盘固定到该动力轴上，分隔器部件固定到该导向盘上；
图5为导向盘以及一个与该导向盘结合的分隔器部件的侧视图；以及
图6示出了图5的A-A截面。
具体实施方式
[0012]首先，具体参考图1至3，这里所示的旋转式内燃机包括不旋转的圆柱形外壳1和不旋转的内壳3，该不旋转的圆柱形外壳1的一端由第一端部部分2闭合，该不旋转的内壳3通过设置在其一端的第二端部板4固定至外壳1的一端边缘。这些组件1至4主要构成内燃机的外部部分。
[0013]首先，这些组件1至4围绕动力轴5，该动力轴5布置在内壳3内部，并相对于中心轴线A借助轴承与内壳3同轴地安装到端部板2和4上。动力轴5设置有内燃机运转所必需的偏心部分8和安装在该偏心部分的表面上的轴承7。外壳1和内壳3之间设置有也是内燃机运转所必需的驱动偏心环8，该驱动偏心环8通过前述轴承7安装在动力轴5的偏心部分6上。
[0014]在驱动偏心环8和内壳3之间设置有燃烧室构造19，该燃烧室构造19用于燃烧供给到内燃机的燃料和空气的混合物，或者用于将液压流体输送到燃烧室构造或将液压流体从燃烧室构造中输送出去，使得偏心环8仅仅借助不旋转的偏心运动驱动动力轴5。
[0015]在这个实例中，燃烧室构造19借助分隔器部件9分为尺寸相同的五个部分19。分隔器部件9延伸穿过内壳3并且与驱动偏心环8的内表面紧密接触。
[0016]对于内燃机的运转而言，需要设置用于相对于内壳3来回地驱动分隔器部件9的偏心装置或控制器10，由此，偏心装置或控制器10的偏心距与动力轴5的偏心部分6的偏心距基本上相对应。该偏心装置或控制器10包括引导槽11，该引导槽11形成偏心路径，所述分隔器部件连接至该引导槽11。如芬兰专利No.110807和114235中公开的前述两个相互嵌套的偏心环的情况一样，引导槽11和偏心环8保持为同中心。
[0017]在这个实例中，引导槽11形成于引导盘10的侧表面上，由此，该引导盘10固定地安装在动力轴5上，从而在偏心环8和引导槽11之间实现前述同心的偏心距。
[0018]从而，当分隔器部件9一方面布置成与驱动偏心环8的内表面紧密接触，并且另一方面连接至固定地连接的引导盘10的引导槽11而连接至动力轴5时，分隔器部件9相对于内壳3基本上径向地移动，当偏心构造8、11进行偏心运动时，分隔器部件9由引导盘10的引导槽11引导。通过比如设置在引导盘10的偏心开口16中的锁定槽17和设置在动力轴5中的相应突起来形成引导盘10与动力轴5的固定连接(这使得动力轴5能够随着引导盘10旋转)。
[0019]在本文开始已经提到，分隔器部件9的密封表面和驱动偏心环8的内表面之间的距离不再保持不变，这是因为分隔器部件9在大部分时间朝向它们的配合表面稍稍倾斜；仅仅在分隔器部件9与穿过动力轴5的中心轴线和偏心构造8、11构造的偏心距的中心的线成一直线时，分隔器部件9与偏心环8垂直，也就是相对于该偏心环8径向地定向。为了使得分隔器部件9的上表面仅仅跟随偏心环8的内表面，分隔器部件9的控制的偏心路径，也就是前述的引导槽11，通常可略微形成为椭圆形，由此，由引导槽11形成的椭圆的焦点位于与穿过动力轴5的中心轴线和偏心构造8、11的偏心距的中心的线垂直的轴线上。
[0020]接连地设置在动力轴5的纵向方向上的两个轴承12、14连接至每个分隔器部件9的一个下边缘，第一个轴承12布置成与引导槽11的外周表面13接触，第二个轴承14与引导槽11的内周表面15接触。这使得能够分开地操纵分隔器部件9的向外和向内突起动作，从而当突起的方向改变时，各个轴承12、14仅仅沿着一个方向旋转。在装备有一个轴承的系统中，当分隔器部件9的运动方向改变时，轴承将总是改变旋转方向。
[0021]对于内燃机，内燃机自身的运转是简单的，使得可燃烧的混合物借助气体交换构造吸入到偏心环8和内壳3之间，也就是吸入到空间19中，当进行偏心运动时，混合物的体积被压缩至最小，于是混合物被点燃，结果爆发的压力将偏心环8朝向外壳1推动，从而偏心环8在外壳1和内壳3之间继续进行偏心运动。在液压马达的情况下，尤其是在空间19的体积处于最小体积时，液压液体供给到空间19中，由此该空间开始膨胀，并且以与所述的内燃机相似的方式进行偏心运动。在该偏心运动中，偏心环8上与外壳1和内壳3接触的点在动力轴5的旋转方向上沿着外壳1和内壳3的表面前进。也就是，这些接触点“旋转”，但是偏心环8自身并不旋转。接着，偏心环8的这个运动借助通过轴承安装在动力轴5的偏心部分6上的第二偏心部分推动动力轴5旋转(或者使动力轴5旋转)。轴承7确保偏心环8并不开始旋转。
[0022]为了平衡偏心力，动力轴5设置有平衡块18，该平衡块18相对于动力轴的偏心部分8位于动力轴5的相反侧。通过适当地确定平衡块18的质量，可以消除由偏心运动所导致的振动。
[0023]因为前述芬兰专利No.110807和114235中已经公开了，所以这里不再更加详细地说明液压流体的气体交换构造或通道。
[0024]上述本发明的说明仅仅只是说明本发明的基本原理。然而，本领域技术人员显然可以理解，该基本原理可以通过许多种不同的方式来实施。从而，本发明及其实施例并不限于上述实例，而是可以在权利要求的范围内进行各种改变。

Claims (11)

1.一种旋转式内燃机，包括：
不旋转的外壳(1)，
不旋转的内壳(3)，
动力轴(5)，其设置有偏心部分(6)，
驱动偏心环(8)，其设置在所述外壳(1)和所述内壳(3)之间，并且通过轴承安装在所述动力轴(5)的偏心部分(6)上，
燃烧室构造(19)，其用于在所述偏心环(8)和所述内壳(3)之间燃烧供给到内燃机中的燃料和空气的混合物，使得所述偏心环(8)借助基本上不旋转的偏心运动驱动所述动力轴(5)，
分隔器部件(9)，其用于将所述燃烧室构造(19)分为尺寸相同的至少两个部分(19)，由此所述分隔器部件(9)延伸穿过所述内壳(3)并且与所述驱动偏心环(8)的内表面紧密接触，
偏心装置或控制器(10)，其用于相对于所述内壳(3)来回地驱动所述分隔器部件(9)，由此所述偏心装置或控制器的偏心距与所述动力轴(5)的所述偏心部分(6)的偏心距相对应，
其特征在于：所述偏心装置或控制器(10)包括至少一个引导槽(11)，所述引导槽(11)形成偏心路径，所述分隔器部件连接至所述引导槽(11)。
2.一种液压马达，包括：
不旋转的外壳(1)，
不旋转的内壳(3)，
动力轴(5)，其设置有偏心部分(6)，
驱动偏心环(8)，其设置在所述外壳(1)和所述内壳(3)之间，并且通过轴承安装在所述动力轴(5)的偏心部分(6)上，
压力室构造(19)，其设置在所述偏心环(8)和所述内壳(3)之间，用于将液压流体输送到所述压力室构造(19)或将液压流体从所述压力室构造(19)中输送出去，使得所述偏心环(8)借助基本上不旋转的偏心运动驱动所述动力轴(5)，
分隔器部件(9)，其用于将所述压力室构造(19)分为尺寸相同的至少两个部分(19)，由此所述分隔器部件(9)延伸穿过所述内壳(3)并且与所述驱动偏心环(8)的内表面紧密接触，
偏心装置或控制器(10)，其用于相对于所述内壳(3)来回地驱动所述分隔器部件(9)，由此所述偏心装置或控制器的偏心距与所述动力轴(5)的所述偏心部分(6)的偏心距相对应，
其特征在于：所述偏心装置或控制器(10)包括至少一个引导槽(11)，所述引导槽(11)形成偏心路径，所述分隔器部件连接至所述引导槽(11)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的内燃机或马达，其特征在于，所述引导槽(11)形成于固定地安装在所述动力轴(5)上的至少一个引导盘(10)的侧表面上。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的内燃机或马达，其特征在于，所述引导盘(10)的数量为一个，并且所述引导盘(10)靠近所述偏心部分(5)。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的内燃机或马达，其特征在于，所述引导盘的数量为两个，位于所述分隔器部件的两侧。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的内燃机或马达，其特征在于，所述引导槽形成于所述偏心部分的侧表面上。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的内燃机或马达，其特征在于，各个分隔器部件(9)通过紧固到所述分隔器部件的至少一个轴承(12、14)连接至引导槽。
8.根据权利要求7所述的内燃机或马达，其特征在于，每个分隔器部件(9)都连接有沿着所述动力轴(5)的纵向方向接连地设置的两个轴承(12、14)，第一个所述轴承(12)布置成与所述引导槽(11)的外周表面(13)接触，第二个所述轴承(14)与所述引导槽(11)的内周表面(15)接触。
9.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的内燃机或马达，其特征在于，各个分隔器部件(9)通过紧固到所述分隔器部件的至少一个滑动部件连接至引导槽(11)。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的内燃机或马达，其特征在于，所述分隔器部件(9)的控制的偏心路径，也就是所述引导槽(11)，形成为椭圆形。
11.根据权利要求10所述的内燃机或马达，其特征在于，所述椭圆形的焦点位于与穿过所述动力轴(5)的中心轴线和所述偏心构造(8、11)的偏心距的中心的线垂直的轴线上。
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