CN101668495B - 带有弹性部件的椎间植入物 - Google Patents

带有弹性部件的椎间植入物 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101668495B
CN101668495B CN2008800074949A CN200880007494A CN101668495B CN 101668495 B CN101668495 B CN 101668495B CN 2008800074949 A CN2008800074949 A CN 2008800074949A CN 200880007494 A CN200880007494 A CN 200880007494A CN 101668495 B CN101668495 B CN 101668495B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
implant according
contact surface
flexible part
implantation piece
implant
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN2008800074949A
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English (en)
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CN101668495A (zh
Inventor
M·里克特
N·威尔曼
S·哈米克
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Ulrich GmbH and Co KG
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Ulrich GmbH and Co KG
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0015—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in density or specific weight

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于置入脊柱的椎体(2)之间的植入物，带有植入件(3，4)，该植入件(3，4)具有用于贴靠到相邻的椎体(2)中的一个处的第一接触面(9)和用于贴靠到另外的相邻的椎体(2)处的第二接触面(10)。在由植入件(3，4)组成的力传递链中在相邻椎体(2)的贴靠面之间布置有至少一个弹性柔性部件(11)。

Description

带有弹性部件的椎间植入物
本发明涉及一种用于在脊柱的椎体(Wirbelkoerper)之间被置入(Einsetzen)的植入物(Implantat)，带有植入件(Implantatteil)，该植入件具有用于贴靠到相邻的椎体中的一个处的第一接触面和用于贴靠到另一相邻椎体处的第二接触面。
例如从文件DE 44 23 257 A1中这样的植入物是已知的，其显示了根据本发明的植入物的一种可行的基本结构。同样适用的还有文件EP1 721 583 A2，该文件公开了这样一种植入物，该植入物的结构适合于作为本发明的出发点。
在已知的、待在脊柱的椎体之间被置入的植入物中，在至今从现有技术中已知的实施例中存在以下问题，即，可能发生椎体端板(Wirbelkoerperendplatten)的过载，带有如下结果，即，其可能破裂，并且由此与植入物相邻的椎体也受到破坏或完全地被损毁。
因此，本发明目的在于，以如下方式构造开头所提及类型的植入物，即，使得椎体端板的负荷被降低。
根据本发明在开头所提及类型的植入物中通过以下方式实现该目的，即，在由该植入件组成的力传递链中在相邻的椎体的贴靠面(Anlageflaeche)之间布置至少一个弹性柔性部件(elastisch nachgiebigesBauteil)。
通过这种设计产生了以下优点，即，实现了负载至相邻椎体的椎体端板的贴靠面上的均匀的分布，因为，通过该弹性柔性部件使得植入物与贴靠面的取向的匹配成为可能。由此扩大了接触面且尤其避免了单侧的线接触，从而，不会局部地发生椎体端板的破裂(带有随后会扩大的裂口)。在此，植入件在相邻椎体处的改善的贴靠还包括这样一种结构，在该结构中，植入件在弹性柔性部件中是可弯折的(abgeknickt)，也就是，原则上提供了一种活节，该活节此外还承担着椎间盘的功能并缓冲载荷峰值或冲击。
如果该至少一个弹性柔性部件与第一接触面和/或第二接触面相关联，则在本发明范围内是优选的，这是因为，由此以在端侧的方式实现至植入件的均匀的力分布，也就是说，原则上已经已知的植入件可通过根据本发明的特征而被进行补充和改进，而无需干涉其基本结构。
在此存在如下可能性，即，该弹性柔性部件是由弹性的致密的(elastischen kompakten)材料所构成的，也就是说，该弹性是材料特性。在此，可通过以下方式来影响特性，即，在该弹性的致密的材料中构造有薄片(Lamellen)，其中，薄片的数目，布置和设计提供了用于改变弹性的更多的参数。
备选地存在着如下可能性，即，该弹性柔性部件在有弹性的结构中被提供，也就是说，材料本身不必具有弹性特性，以便由此避免材料选择的限制。作为对于本身相对地较硬的材料的合适的弹性结构的例子，可参考金属的板簧。
当该弹性柔性部件在均匀地在第一接触面和/或第二接触面上分布的布置中以多重的方式被设置时，则在本发明范围内是尤其优选的。在这种设计中，在使得对局部给定的椎体端板的造型的匹配成为可能的同时，以特别简单的方式实现了负载的均匀的分布，这是因为，每个弹性柔性部件可在其接触面方面单独地变形。
此外，在本发明范围内优选的是，该植入件构成为这样的管状的套筒，即，在该套筒的壁部中结合有弹性柔性部件。在这种设计中，弹性柔性部件不必端侧地定位在植入件中(显然，这作为补充同样是可行的)，而是，端侧的接触面可被释放且所期望的植入物的弹性可在其纵向延伸的任意高度位置处被提供。在此，存在如下可能性，即，弹性柔性部件在套筒的壁部中具有蜂窝状结构(Wabenstruktur)，或者备选地，在套筒的壁部中在交叉偏置的(kreuzweise versetzten)布置中构造有裂口。那么在此建议，在套筒的径向平面(Radialebene)中构造有两个直径方面(diametral)相对而置的裂口，其布置成相对于相邻径向平面中的裂口绕套筒纵轴线转过90°，从而，通过将裂口引入到套筒的壁部中，可以在事后的方式(nachtraeglich)产生所期望的弹性。另一种的可能性通过以下方式给出，即，在壁部中构造有螺旋弹簧，其中，这在单件式植入物的情形下在制造方面自然是高成本的，以致于然后建议了多件式设计方案。
为使植入物的与患者的单独的匹配成为可能，作如下设置，即，为套筒关联有端侧的安装板(Ansatzplatten)，该安装板构成第一接触面和第二接触面。然后同样存在如下可能性，即，该安装板构成弹性柔性部件，从而，通过安装板的构型和材料特性的合适的选择再次使得单独的匹配成为可能。
由于安装板可独立于套筒地被加工，所以同样存在如下可能性，即，为它们关联有在套筒的纵向方向上指向的密度梯度(Dichtegradienten)，以便由此实现弹性。
另一的备选的实施形式的特征在于，安装板承载着用于贴靠到相邻的椎体处的销钉(Stiften)，该销钉支承在柔性垫中，从而以这种方式使得均匀地贴靠到椎体端板处成为可能。
通过将端板以铰接的方式(gelenkig)支承在套筒处，使得对脊柱的自然弯曲的考虑成为可能。
在本发明范围内尤其优选的是，植入物构成为多件式的，带有至少一个第一植入件和第二植入件，该第一植入件和第二植入件可在其纵轴线的方向上相对彼此而被调节，以便由此提供牵引可能性(Distraktionsmoeglichkeit)，也就是说，该植入物可在短的结构下简单地被引入到存在于两个锥体之间的空隙(Luecke)中，以便随后在手术(Operation)过程中被牵引到所必需的长度上。在此，在纵轴线方向上的可调节性可通过如下做法而以特别简单的方式获得，即，使第一植入件和第二植入件通过牵引螺纹而彼此连接，其中，再次地，关于该牵引螺纹的具体实现的扩展，可以参考同一申请人的开头所提及的出版物。
接下来在附图中示出的实施例下更进一步阐述本发明；其中：
图1显示了根据本发明的植入物的侧视图，以部分地剖开的方式示出，带有在套筒的壁部中构造成蜂窝状结构的弹性柔性部件，
图2显示了另一实施形式的相应于图1的图示，该实施形式带有结合到套筒的壁部中的、由弹性致密的材料制成的弹性柔性部件，
图3显示了这样一种实施形式的相应于图1的图示，该实施形式带有在套筒的壁部中的在交叉偏置的布置中构造而成的裂口，
图4显示了这样一种实施形式的相应于图1的图示，该实施形式带有结合在套筒的壁部中的螺旋弹簧，
图5显示了这样一种实施形式的相应于图1的图示，该实施形式带有结合在套筒的壁部中的、包括回位弹簧的活节，
图6显示了出自图2的实施形式的图示，与用于包围椎体的接片(Laschen)18相连接，
图7显示了带有结合在其表面中的薄片的安装板的平面图，
图8显示了出自图7的剖面VIII-VIII。
图9显示了出自图7的安装板的侧视图，
图10显示了带有在套筒的纵向方向上指向的密度梯度的、与椎体的贴靠面处于接触中的安装板的示意图，
图11显示了另一安装板的相应于图7的图示，
图12显示了出自图11的安装板的侧视图，
图13在相应于图7的图示中显示了安装板的另一种实施形式，
图14显示了出自图13的安装板的侧视图，
图15显示了带有支承在柔性垫中的销钉的安装板的另一实施形式，
图16显示了穿过出自图15的安装板的纵剖面，
图17显示了穿过构造成两件式的安装板的纵剖面，该安装板包括上壳和下壳，其中，该上壳具有薄片结构，和
图18显示了这样一种根据本发明的植入物的侧视图，该植入物带有在套筒的壁部中按交叉偏置的布置构造出的裂口并带有布置在第一接触面和第二接触面处的弹性柔性部件。
在图纸中示出的植入物1用于在图纸本身中只在图10中示出的脊柱的椎体2之间的使用。该植入物1具有第一植入件3和第二植入件4，该第一植入件和第二植入件在它们的同轴的纵轴线5的方向上是可相对彼此进行调节的，以便可在椎体2的牵引的意义上引起长度改变。第一植入件3和第二植入件4设计成管状的套筒6，其中，第一植入件3在外侧包围第二植入件4。为第一植入件3关联有可旋转的螺纹环7，该螺纹环7在其内周面处具有环螺纹，该螺纹环利用该环螺纹而接合在与第二植入件4相关联的螺纹中。在外周面处螺纹环7在8中设有锥齿部或冠状齿部，以便可由此借助于接合到该齿部中的操作仪器而引起旋转并由此引起长度改变。
备选地同样存在如下可能性，即，植入物1包括共两个端侧的植入件和一个中间植入件，在此，中间植入件与端侧植入件通过具有相反的旋转方向的螺纹连接而相连。尽管在附图中为阐述实施例始终显示包括至少两个植入件3，4的植入物1，但原则上，本发明的实现同样在带有仅一个植入件的植入物1上也是可能的，那么当然，这种植入物缺乏牵引可能性。
这些单件式或多件式的植入件3，4具有用于贴靠到相邻的椎体2中的一个处的第一接触面9和用于贴靠在另一相邻椎体处的第二接触面10，其中，在包括植入件3，4的力传递链中在相邻的椎体2的贴靠面之间布置有至少一个弹性柔性部件11，该弹性柔性部件11在示出于图18中的实施例中以带有与第一接触面9的关联以及与第二接触面10的关联的方式而多重地设置。
在此存在如下可能性，即，弹性柔性部件11是由弹性致密的材料15制成的，在其中提供了薄片12以供使用。另一可能性在于，弹性柔性部件11以有弹性的结构被提供(图18)。进一步地，从图18可看出，以补充的方式在管状的套筒6的壁部中结合有弹性柔性部件11，其中，图18显示了带有这样的裂口13的布置，该裂口13在交叉偏置的布置中被实现，更确切地说，在这样的设计中被实现，即，在套筒6的径向平面上构造有直径方向上相对而置的两个裂口13，该裂口13布置成相对于相邻径向平面中的裂口13绕纵轴线转过90°。作为备选，图1显示了在套筒6的壁部中的蜂窝状结构的构造。图4显示了带有集成的螺旋弹簧14的实施例。
此外应指出，可为套筒6关联有端侧安装板15，其构成了第一接触面9和第二接触面10，其中，安装板15同样适合于用于构成弹性柔性部件11，例如地，通过在套筒6的纵向方向上指向的密度梯度，其实现是可能的(图10)。
图15和图16显示了这样的实施形式，在其中，安装板15承载着确定的销钉16(以用于至相邻的椎体2的贴靠)，该销钉16支承在柔性垫17上。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于在脊柱的椎体(2)之间被置入的植入物，具有用于贴靠到相邻的椎体(2)中的一个处的第一接触面(9)和用于贴靠到另外的相邻的椎体(2)处的第二接触面(10)且在所述相邻的椎体(2)的贴靠面之间形成了力传递链，在该力传递链中布置有至少一个弹性柔性部件(11)，其特征在于，所述植入物(1)构成为多件式的，带有至少一个第一植入件(3)和第二植入件(4)，所述第一植入件(3)和第二植入件(4)可在其纵轴线(5)的方向上相对彼此被调节，
其中，所述植入件(3，4)中的每个构成为管状的套筒(6)，且
其中，所述植入件(3，4)中的至少一个具有结合在该植入件(3，4)的壁部中的弹性柔性部件(11)，弹性柔性部件(11)通过在交叉偏置的布置中的裂口(13)来形成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的植入物，其特征在于，弹性柔性部件中的至少一个与所述第一接触面(9)和/或所述第二接触面(16)相关联。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的植入物，其特征在于，弹性柔性部件中的至少一个由弹性的致密的材料制成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的植入物，其特征在于，在所述弹性的致密的材料中构造有薄片(12)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的植入物，其特征在于，弹性柔性部件中的至少一个在有弹性的结构中被提供。
6.根据权利要求2所述的植入物，其特征在于，弹性柔性部件均匀地在所述第一接触面(9)和/或第二接触面(10)上分布地布置。
7.根据权利要求1所述的植入物，其特征在于，弹性柔性部件中的至少一个在所述套筒(6)的壁部中具有蜂窝状结构。
8.根据权利要求1所述的植入物，其特征在于，在所述套筒(6)的径向平面中构造有两个直径方面相对而置的裂口(13)，该裂口(13)布置成相对于相邻的径向平面中的裂口绕所述套筒的纵轴线(5)转过90°。
9.根据权利要求1所述的植入物，其特征在于，在所述壁部中构造有螺旋弹簧(14)。
10.根据权利要求1所述的植入物，其特征在于，为所述套筒(6)关联有端侧的安装板(15)，该安装板构成所述第一接触面(9)和所述第二接触面(10)。
11.根据权利要求10所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述安装板(15)构成所述弹性柔性部件。
12.根据权利要求11所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述安装板(15)具有在所述套筒(6)的纵向方向上指向的密度梯度。
13.根据权利要求11所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述安装板(15)承载着用于贴靠到相邻的椎体(2)处的销钉(16)，该销钉支承在柔性垫(17)中。
14.根据权利要求10至13中任一项所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述安装板以铰接的方式支承在所述套筒处。
15.根据权利要求1所述的植入物，其特征在于，所述第一植入件(3)和所述第二植入件(4)通过牵引螺纹彼此连接。
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BRPI0808018A2 (pt) 2014-06-17
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US9034039B2 (en) 2015-05-19
ZA200904560B (en) 2010-02-24
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JP2010519985A (ja) 2010-06-10
WO2008106912A1 (de) 2008-09-12

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