CN101661271A - Method for controlling whole-course displacement in program-controlled metal material stretching test - Google Patents
Method for controlling whole-course displacement in program-controlled metal material stretching test Download PDFInfo
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- CN101661271A CN101661271A CN200910070447A CN200910070447A CN101661271A CN 101661271 A CN101661271 A CN 101661271A CN 200910070447 A CN200910070447 A CN 200910070447A CN 200910070447 A CN200910070447 A CN 200910070447A CN 101661271 A CN101661271 A CN 101661271A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for controlling whole-course displacement in a program-controlled metal material stretching test. The control method is arranged is a test application program of an electro-hydraulic servo or electronic universal testing machine; the control method comprises the following steps of: displacement control in the first stage, displacement control in the second stage, displacement control in the third stage and the displacement control in the fourth stage. The method has the effects that the control method provides a mathematic model which automatically computes theflexibility of the system in the testing process, and the model is simple and reliable and aims at the system flexibility computation on each testing sample. The whole test is carried out automatically, great convenience is brought to the testing personnel, and the working efficiency and accuracy of the yield strength test are improved obviously. The method is applicable to the requirements on thestretching rates at different stages of various metal material samples; furthermore, rate conversion is smoothly transitional before the yield stage is finished; and the discontinuity is not introduced on the stress-strain curve. The method is applicable to the production, research and technical reconstruction on a stretching testing machine.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of test method in the material science measuring technology, particularly a kind of omnidistance displacement control method of programme controlled metal material stretching test that is used for.
Background technology
Test has a significant effect tension test speed to the metal material yield strength.Although the national standard and the international standard of the many tension tests in the whole world are all stipulated rate of extension, even but identical rate of extension has been adopted in the different experiments chamber, for example enter the surrender stage with constant 2mm/min crossbeam segregation rate before the surrender, the yield strength that records just has big dispersed.This is because most laboratories do not have the influence of taking into account system flexibility to practical distortion speed on the sample.
If adopt the strain rate control method that obtains based on the feedback of extensometer, to eliminate the influence of cupping machine flexibility, metal material for no obvious physics surrender may be suitable, but because of still having a lot of cupping machines not possess the strain control function at present both at home and abroad, or because of worrying the extensometer edge of a knife initiation control problem of skidding, few people finish yield strength with the strain control mode and test.For the metal material that obvious physics surrender is arranged, be impossible come controlling strain speed with the extensometer of clamping on sample, because local plastic yield may occur in beyond the extensometer gage length, control problem may appear, at this moment also distortion of stress-strain diagram, the yield strength that records has and departs from.
If make the different stretch testing machine adopt same constant crossbeam segregation rate, because their system's flexibility differences, though the crossbeam segregation rate does not change before and after surrender, but in fact variation has taken place the rate of deformation on sample: flexibility is big more, variation is just big more, and is also just big more to the influence of yield strength.The variation of high flexibility pilot system rate of extension even can reach hundred times, this certainly will influence accuracy of experimental results.
Complicated because of generally believing system's flexibility test process, there be limited evidence currently of has the influence of people's taking into account system flexibility, and the test findings that the different tests machine is made does not possess comparability.
Following table is because system's flexibility difference enters surrender during the stage with constant chuck rate of displacement, the variation of sample deformation speed.
Annotate: So/Lc is the long-pending ratio with parallel length of sample cross; Vp is a sample plastic yield speed; Ve is the sample elasticity rate of deformation.
Now need a kind of simple and feasible and the most practical method, remedy the deficiency of metal current material tensile test.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem that exists in the above-mentioned technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide the omnidistance displacement control of a kind of metal material stretching test method, be beneficial to make before the sample surrender and the actual strain speed after the surrender is consistent substantially, can realize the strain rate control on the sample indirectly, the test findings that the different tests machine is made really has comparability.Overcome the deficiency that strain is controlled with omnidistance displacement control method, made sample surrender front and back keep rate of deformation that significant change does not take place, thereby improve the yield strength test accuracy.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention provides a kind of omnidistance displacement control of programme controlled metal material stretching test method that is used for, this control method is set among the test application program of electro-hydraulic servo or electronic universal tester, and this control method includes following steps:
1. phase one displacement control
During on-test, the test application program makes testing machine move chuck with v
C1=0.00025 (Lc+C
MES
O) speed to sample prolonging direction motion, the load F=F on sample
2In time, finish; C
MGet default value with E; Work as F=F
2The time, Automatic Program is calculated
Automatically calculate again
Preparation is with C
MCalculated value is used for second and the formula of phase III;
2. subordinate phase displacement control
Load on sample reaches F
2The time, the test application program makes draw speed automatically by v
C1Be converted to v
C2, enter subordinate phase displacement control:
v
C2=0.00025 (Lc+C
MES
O), C
MGet calculated value;
3. phase III displacement control
When load-displacement matched curve slope variation 30%, the test application program makes draw speed automatically by v
C2Be converted to v
C3:
v
C3=0.00025Lc (1+C
MΔ F/ Δ S), C
MGet calculated value;
4. the quadravalence section moves control
From Δ F≤0 o'clock, the test application program makes Δ F=0 always; When the surrender stage finishes, by Automatic Program conversion or by operator's manual switch to v
C4, until being stretched to sample fracture:
v
c4＝0.0067Lc；
Symbol in the above-mentioned formula:
v
Ci: i stage crosshead displacement speed, mm/s
Lc: sample parallel length; No area reduction sample is two chuck spacings, mm
C
M: pilot system flexibility measured value under precondition, n/mm
E: sample elasticity modulus, N/mm
2, ferrous metal default value 210000
S
0: sample area, mm
2
F
1: by the calculating that is used for of operator's setting
First point load, N, or default value 0.2R
q, N,
F
2: by the calculating that is used for of operator's setting
Second point load, N, or default value 0.5R
q, N
t
1: reach F
1The pairing time of point load, s
t
2: reach F
2The pairing time of point load, s
Δ S: arbitrary moment displacement increment
Δ F: arbitrary moment load increment
R
q: the yield strength of estimation.
Effect of the present invention be this control method provide a kind of in process of the test the mathematical model of Automatic computing system flexibility, this model is simple, reliable, is to calculate at system's flexibility of each specimen.Owing to considered the influence of system's flexibility, can make sample surrender front and back keep rate of deformation that significant change does not take place.Whole test is carried out automatically, accomplishs without any letup, and brings great convenience to testing crew, obviously increases work efficiency and the yield strength test accuracy.Be applicable to various metal materials, no matter whether it has obvious physics surrender.Be applicable to the various sizes sample simultaneously, only being required to be test routine before the test provides the material yield intensity of specimen size and estimation, needn't set the different phase rate of extension respectively at different materials, different size sample, just can satisfy the different phase rate of extension requirement of latest edition standard codes such as ISO 6892 and GB/T 228, and the rate transition before the surrender stage finishes seamlessly transits, and can not introduce uncontinuity on stress-extension curve.The present invention is applicable to production, development and the technological transformation of cupping machine.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is power and the time coordinate figure that the present invention divides different phase crosshead displacement speed interval.
Embodiment
Reaching embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawings is illustrated the omnidistance displacement control of the programme controlled metal material stretching test method implementation procedure that is used for of the present invention.
The omnidistance displacement control of the programme controlled metal material stretching test method that is used for of the present invention, the test application setting of this control method is among electro-hydraulic servo or electronic universal tester, and this control method includes following steps:
1. phase one displacement control
During on-test, the test application program makes testing machine move chuck with v
C1=0.00025 (Lc+C
MES
O) speed to sample prolonging direction motion, the load F=F on sample
2In time, finish; C
MGet default value with E; Work as F=F
2The time, Automatic Program is calculated
Automatically calculate again
Preparation is with C
MCalculated value is used for second and the formula of phase III;
2. subordinate phase displacement control
Load on sample reaches F
2The time, the test application program makes draw speed automatically by v
C1Be converted to v
C2, enter subordinate phase displacement control:
v
C2=0.00025 (Lc+C
MES
O), C
MGet calculated value;
3. phase III displacement control
When load-displacement matched curve slope variation 30%, the test application program makes draw speed automatically by v
C2Be converted to v
C3:
v
C3=0.00025Lc (1+C
MΔ F/ Δ S), C
MGet calculated value;
4. the quadravalence section moves control
From Δ F≤0 o'clock, the test application program makes Δ F=0 always; When the surrender stage finishes, by Automatic Program conversion or by operator's manual switch to v
C4, until being stretched to sample fracture:
v
c4＝0.0067Lc；
Symbol in the above-mentioned formula:
v
Ci: i stage crosshead displacement speed, mm/s
Lc: sample parallel length; No area reduction sample is two chuck spacings, mm
C
M: pilot system flexibility measured value under precondition, n/mm
E: sample elasticity modulus, N/mm
2, ferrous metal default value 210000
S
0: sample area, mm
2
F
1: by the calculating that is used for of operator's setting
First point load, N, or default value 0.2R
q, N,
F
2: by the calculating that is used for of operator's setting
Second point load, N, or default value 0.5R
q, N
t
1: reach F
1The pairing time of point load, s
t
2: reach F
2The pairing time of point load, s
Δ S: arbitrary moment displacement increment
Δ F: arbitrary moment load increment
R
q: the yield strength of estimation.
The omnidistance displacement control of the programme controlled metal material stretching test method that is used for of the present invention reaches different phase crosshead displacement rate controlled as follows and realizes:
1. formula: v is controlled in the phase one displacement
C1=0.00025 (Lc+C
MES
O), C
MGet default value with E; This crosshead displacement speed can make strain rate on the sample relatively near 0.00025mm/mms
-1This stage is the starting stage of elastic properties of materials distortion shown in Figure 1.
2. formula: v is controlled in the subordinate phase displacement
C2=0.00025 (Lc+C
MES
O); Because C at this moment
MGet calculated value (both measured values), this crosshead displacement speed can make strain rate on the sample very near 0.00025mm/mms
-1This stage is to finish to the elastic deformation stage that is about to take place surrender the starting stage of elastic properties of materials distortion shown in Figure 1.
3. formula: v is controlled in the phase III displacement
C3=0.00025Lc (1+C
MΔ F/ Δ S), C
MGet calculated value. this stage is the material yield stage shown in Figure 1.
When load-when displacement matched curve slope variation reaches certain percentage, for example reach at 30% o'clock, automatically by v
C2Be converted to v
C3Because slope constantly diminishes, the strain rate on the sample can be carried out to 0.00025mm/mms in real time
-1Adjust, when Δ F=0, the strain rate on the sample should be 0.00025mm/mms
-1Here replace the strain/stress rate of curve with load/displacement curve slope Δ F/ Δ S dexterously, have two aspects to consider: the one, when test does not need extensometer is installed, can calculate crosshead displacement speed by this formula; The 2nd, if use extensometer, when outside extensometer gage length local deformation being taken place, when the extensometer edge of a knife perhaps taking place skidding, this of stress/strain curves slope is just incorrect, and this slope substitution formula is calculated, and is unsafe on the contrary.Observe stress/strain curves and load/displacement curve form, they are very approaching, should exchange.Moreover this formula application target is in order to realize the smooth transition of elastic stage to surrender stage rate of extension, also is acceptable even some slight errors are arranged.
4. the quadravalence section moves control formula: v
C4=0.0067Lc, when the surrender stage finishes, by the Automatic Program conversion or by operator's manual switch to this speed.This stage is the material yield stage shown in Figure 1 to finish the stage until fracture.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of omnidistance displacement control of programme controlled metal material stretching test method that is used for, this control method is set among the test application program of electro-hydraulic servo or electronic universal tester, and this control method includes following steps:
1. phase one displacement control
During on-test, the test application program makes testing machine move chuck with v
C1=0.00025 (Lc+C
MES
0) speed to sample draw direction motion, the load F=F on sample
2In time, finish; C
MGet default value with E; Work as F=F
2The time, Automatic Program is calculated
Automatically calculate again
Preparation is with C
MCalculated value is used for second and the formula of phase III;
2. subordinate phase displacement control
Load on sample reaches F
2The time, the test application program makes draw speed automatically by v
C1Be converted to v
C2, enter subordinate phase displacement control:
v
C2=0.00025 (Lc+C
MES
0), C
MGet calculated value;
3. phase III displacement control
When load-displacement matched curve slope variation 30%, the test application program makes draw speed automatically by v
C2Be converted to v
C3:
v
C3=0.00025Lc (1+C
MΔ F/ Δ S), C
MGet calculated value;
4. the quadravalence section moves control
From Δ F≤0 o'clock, the test application program makes Δ F=0 always; When the surrender stage finishes, by Automatic Program conversion or by operator's manual switch to v
C4, until being stretched to sample fracture:
v
c4＝0.0067Lc；
Symbol in the above-mentioned formula:
v
Ci: i stage crosshead displacement speed, mm/s
Lc: sample parallel length; No area reduction sample is two chuck spacings, mm
C
M: pilot system flexibility measured value under precondition, n/mm
E: sample elasticity modulus, N/mm
2, ferrous metal default value 210000
S
0: sample area, mm
2
F
1: by the calculating that is used for of operator's setting
First point load, N, or default value 0.2R
q, N,
F
2: by the calculating that is used for of operator's setting
Second point load, N, or default value 0.5R
q, N
t
1: reach F
1The pairing time of point load, s
t
2: reach F
2The pairing time of point load, s
Δ S: arbitrary moment displacement increment
Δ F: arbitrary moment load increment
R
q: the yield strength of estimation.
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|---|---|---|---|
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009100704475A CN101661271B (en) | 2009-09-16 | 2009-09-16 | Method for controlling whole-course displacement in program-controlled metal material stretching test |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101661271A true CN101661271A (en) | 2010-03-03 |
| CN101661271B CN101661271B (en) | 2011-04-27 |
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Effective date of registration: 20190619 Address after: No. 396 Jintang Highway, Dongli District, Tianjin 300301 Patentee after: Tianjin Steel Tube Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Address before: No. 396 Jintang Highway, Dongli District, Tianjin 300301 Patentee before: Tianjin Steel Pipe Group Co., Ltd. |
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