CN112345348A - Tensile test method of high-strength low-alloy weather-resistant structural steel - Google Patents

Tensile test method of high-strength low-alloy weather-resistant structural steel Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112345348A
CN112345348A CN202010958594.2A CN202010958594A CN112345348A CN 112345348 A CN112345348 A CN 112345348A CN 202010958594 A CN202010958594 A CN 202010958594A CN 112345348 A CN112345348 A CN 112345348A
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structural steel
alloy
tensile test
strength low
strength
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CN112345348B (en
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袁晨
蔡静
李红军
时园园
关辉
商宁波
蔡林
侯瑞
王健
张重远
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Institute of Metal Research of CAS
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0017—Tensile
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
    • G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
    • G01N2203/0222—Temperature
    • G01N2203/0226—High temperature; Heating means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
    • G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of high-temperature static load tensile test of metal materials, and aims to provide a tensile test method of high-strength low-alloy weather-resistant structural steel, which comprises the following steps: when the material generates a longer work hardening condition, the speed change is carried out within the range of displacement reaching 5% -17% of the length of the parallel segment; the test temperature of the tensile test is 550 ℃; the displacement rate of the beam before yielding is 0.15mm/min, and the displacement rate of the beam after yielding is 2.5 mm/min; the high-strength low-alloy weather-resistant structural steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: S355J 2W. The invention overcomes the problems of consistent test rate and large numerical difference of tensile strength of the high-strength low-alloy weather-resistant structural steel when the high-temperature tensile strength is at 550 ℃. Under a given speed condition, the speed change position after yielding is further defined, so that stable and real tensile strength is obtained.

Description

Tensile test method of high-strength low-alloy weather-resistant structural steel
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of high-temperature static load tensile test of metal materials, and aims to provide a tensile test method of high-strength low-alloy weather-resistant structural steel.
Background
The S355J2W high-strength low-alloy weather-resistant structural steel belongs to European standard hot-rolled structural steel products, and is used as a structure, a mechanical part, a building structure and a general metal structural part for bearing dynamic loads of medium and low pressure containers, oil tanks, vehicles, cranes, mining machinery, power stations, bridges and the like, and the material is also used for high-speed train bogies in China.
Tensile Strength (R)m) One of the important indexes of the mechanical properties of the material is the critical value of the excessive plastic deformation of the metal from uniform plastic deformation to local concentrated plastic deformation, and the maximum bearing capacity of the metal under the static stretching condition. The method is directly used for measuring the capacity of the alloy member to resist deformation and damage under the action of external force during engineering design and material model selection. Therefore, accurate measurement of tensile strength is of great importance to practical application and structural design of the alloy.
The national standard GB/T228.2-2015 "Metal tensile test method" does not explicitly specify or recommend specific shift positions when a longer work hardening curve is present. The value of the tensile strength is unstable due to the wide range of the selectable shift range. As an important mechanical property index, the inaccuracy of tensile strength measurement directly influences the application of alloy materials in practical engineering, and even influences scientific researchers to material judgment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tensile test method of high-strength low-alloy weather-resistant structural steel, which can accurately measure the real tensile strength of the high-strength low-alloy weather-resistant structural steel.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a high-temperature tensile test method for tensile strength of high-strength low-alloy weather-resistant structural steel, which comprises the following steps: when the material generates a longer work hardening condition, the speed change is carried out in an interval of displacement reaching 4% -20% of the length of the parallel segment, preferably in an interval of 5% -17%, and referring to fig. 1-4, the speed change of the work hardening curve in the interval can be observed to obtain reasonable tensile strength, and the stable and real tensile strength can be obtained by changing the test speed in the interval;
further, the test temperature of the tensile test is 550 +/-10 ℃;
using a SHIMADZU AG-X250KN tester;
furthermore, the displacement rate of the beam before yielding is 0.15mm/min, and the displacement rate of the beam after yielding is 2.5 mm/min.
Further, the high-strength low-alloy weathering structural steel is: S355J2W, which comprises the following components: c (0.08) Si (0.5) Mn (1.5) Ni (0.2) Cu (0.25) S (0.002) P (0.01) Cr (0.4); the method is also suitable for other types of materials with the performance similar to or the same as that of the S355J2W, and is also suitable for other materials with the composition similar to or the same as that of the S355J2W alloy.
The invention overcomes the problems of consistent test rate and large numerical difference of tensile strength of high-strength low-alloy weather-resistant structural steel (S355J2W) when the high-temperature tensile is at 550 ℃. Under a given speed condition, the speed change position after yielding is further defined, so that stable and real tensile strength is obtained. By contrast tests, a unified detection method can be established for the high-strength low-alloy weather-resistant structural steel material, so that the real tensile strength and consistency of the high-strength low-alloy weather-resistant structural steel material and the material with similar performance in the high-temperature stretching process are guaranteed, and the consistency and the contrast of data results obtained by different testing machines or related testing departments are guaranteed.
The test method is simple and convenient, has no special requirements on a testing machine and an operator, is suitable for daily large-scale detection, and provides reliable data support for the application of the high-strength low-alloy weather-resistant structural steel in practical engineering; and provides technical support for further research on high-strength low-alloy weather-resistant structural steel and similar materials. By implementing the present invention, it is expected that a substantially uniform test method can be established for accurately measuring the tensile strength of the alloy. As an important mechanical property index, the determination of the method can provide powerful data support for the application of the high-strength low-alloy weather-resistant structural steel in practical engineering, and provide technical support for further research on alloys and similar materials. And is ready for further upgrade to national standards.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a stress-strain curve of a high-temperature tensile test of a SHIMADZU AG-X250KN testing machine in example 1.
FIG. 2 is the stress-strain curve of the high temperature tensile test of the SHIMADZU AG-X250KN testing machine in example 2.
FIG. 3 is the stress-strain curve of the high temperature tensile test of the SHIMADZU AG-X250KN testing machine in example 3.
FIG. 4 is a stress-strain curve of a SHIMADZU AG-X250KN tester in the comparative example 1 for high temperature tensile test.
FIG. 5 is a stress-strain curve of a SHIMADZU AG-X250KN tester in a comparative example 2 for high temperature tensile test.
FIG. 6 is a stress-strain curve of a SHIMADZU AG-X250KN tester in a comparative example 3 for high temperature tensile test.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment provides a high-temperature tensile test method for tensile strength of high-strength low-alloy weather-resistant structural steel, which specifically comprises the following steps: when the material generates a longer work hardening condition, the speed change is carried out when the displacement reaches 5 percent of the length of the parallel segment; the length of the parallel segment is 30 mm; the speed change position is 1.5 mm;
further, the test temperature of the tensile test is 550 ℃;
using a SHIMADZU AG-X250KN tester;
furthermore, the displacement rate of the beam before yielding is 0.15mm/min, and the displacement rate of the beam after yielding is 2.5 mm/min.
Further, the high-strength low-alloy weathering structural steel is: S355J 2W.
Referring to FIG. 1, it can be observed that a reasonable tensile strength, R, is obtained at a position shiftmAt 280MPa, a steady and true tensile strength was obtained at this position change test rate.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a high-temperature tensile test method for tensile strength of high-strength low-alloy weather-resistant structural steel, which specifically comprises the following steps: when the material generates a longer work hardening condition, the speed change is carried out within the range of displacement reaching 11.6 percent of the length of the parallel segment; the length of the parallel segment is 30 mm; the speed change position is 3.5 mm;
further, the test temperature of the tensile test is 550 ℃;
using a SHIMADZU AG-X250KN tester;
furthermore, the displacement rate of the beam before yielding is 0.15mm/min, and the displacement rate of the beam after yielding is 2.5 mm/min.
Further, the high-strength low-alloy weathering structural steel is: S355J 2W.
Referring to FIG. 2, it can be observed that this shift in position results in a reasonable tensile strength, Rm275MPa, where the rate of the position change test results in a stable and true tensile strength.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a high-temperature tensile test method for tensile strength of high-strength low-alloy weather-resistant structural steel, which specifically comprises the following steps: when the material generates longer work hardening condition, the speed change is carried out within the range of displacement reaching 16.6% of the length of the parallel segment; the length of the parallel segment is 30 mm; the speed change position is 5 mm;
further, the test temperature of the tensile test is 550 ℃;
using a SHIMADZU AG-X250KN tester;
furthermore, the displacement rate of the beam before yielding is 0.15mm/min, and the displacement rate of the beam after yielding is 2.5 mm/min.
Further, the high-strength low-alloy weathering structural steel is: S355J 2W.
Referring to FIG. 3, it can be observed that this shift in position results in a reasonable tensile strength, Rm275MPa, where the rate of the position change test results in a stable and true tensile strength.
Comparative example 1
The high-temperature tensile test method for the tensile strength of the high-strength low-alloy weather-resistant structural steel provided by the comparative example specifically comprises the following steps: when the material generates a longer work hardening condition, the speed change is carried out by selecting 2.3 percent of the length of the parallel segment when the displacement reaches, and the speed change is less than 5 percent; the length of the parallel segment is 30 mm; the speed change position is 0.7 mm;
further, the test temperature of the tensile test is 550 ℃;
using a SHIMADZU AG-X250KN tester;
furthermore, the displacement rate of the beam before yielding is 0.15mm/min, and the displacement rate of the beam after yielding is 2.5 mm/min.
Further, the high-strength low-alloy weathering structural steel is: S355J 2W.
With reference to fig. 4, it can be observed that the tensile strength values R obtainedmAt 270MPa, the test rate at this point showed a downward trend in tensile strength, 10MPa less than that of the speed change specimen at 1.5 mm.
Comparative example 2
The high-temperature tensile test method for the tensile strength of the high-strength low-alloy weather-resistant structural steel provided by the comparative example specifically comprises the following steps: when the material generates a longer work hardening condition, the speed change is carried out by selecting 20 percent of the length of the parallel segment when the displacement reaches, and the speed change is more than 17 percent; the length of the parallel segment is 30 mm; the speed change position is 6 mm;
further, the test temperature of the tensile test is 550 ℃;
using a SHIMADZU AG-X250KN tester;
furthermore, the displacement rate of the beam before yielding is 0.15mm/min, and the displacement rate of the beam after yielding is 2.5 mm/min.
Further, the high-strength low-alloy weathering structural steel is: S355J 2W.
With reference to fig. 5, it can be observed that the tensile strength values R obtainedmAt 266MPa, the test rate at this position changed showed a downward trend in tensile strength, 14MPa less than that of the speed change specimen at 1.5 mm.
Comparative example 3
The high-temperature tensile test method for the tensile strength of the high-strength low-alloy weather-resistant structural steel provided by the comparative example specifically comprises the following steps: when the material generates a longer work hardening condition, the speed change is carried out by selecting 43.3 percent of the length of the parallel segment when the displacement reaches, and the speed change is more than 15 percent; the length of the parallel segment is 30 mm; the speed change position is 13 mm;
further, the test temperature of the tensile test is 550 ℃;
using a SHIMADZU AG-X250KN tester;
furthermore, the displacement rate of the beam before yielding is 0.15mm/min, and the displacement rate of the beam after yielding is 2.5 mm/min.
Further, the high-strength low-alloy weathering structural steel is: S355J 2W.
With reference to fig. 6, it can be observed that the tensile strength values R obtainedmAt 234MPa, the test rate at this position changed showed a decrease in tensile strength of over 12% compared to 36MPa for the 1.5mm sample.
The invention is not the best known technology.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A tensile test method of high-strength low-alloy weathering structural steel is characterized by comprising the following steps: when the material is subjected to longer work hardening conditions, the speed change is selected within the range of 4% -20% of the displacement of the parallel segment length.
2. The tensile test method of high-strength low-alloy weathering structural steel as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that: the test temperature of the tensile test is 550 +/-10 ℃.
3. The tensile test method of high-strength low-alloy weathering structural steel as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that: the displacement rate of the beam before yielding is 0.15mm/min, and the displacement rate of the beam after yielding is 2.5 mm/min.
4. The tensile test method of high-strength low-alloy weathering structural steel as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that: the high-strength low-alloy weather-resistant structural steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: S355J 2W.
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