CN100370240C - Method for testing soil mass fragmentation parameters and tester thereof - Google Patents
Method for testing soil mass fragmentation parameters and tester thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN100370240C CN100370240C CNB2005100400147A CN200510040014A CN100370240C CN 100370240 C CN100370240 C CN 100370240C CN B2005100400147 A CNB2005100400147 A CN B2005100400147A CN 200510040014 A CN200510040014 A CN 200510040014A CN 100370240 C CN100370240 C CN 100370240C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a testing method and a testing instrument thereof of fracture parameters of a soil body. The testing method comprises the steps that a load addition direction is a horizontal direction, loads are measured by a small-range high-precision load sensor, the displacement of a loading rod is measured by a dial test indicator, the electric conduction of a test sample is measured by an electric conductivity meter, and a critical load is determined by a load displacement curve and an electric conduction incremental displacement curve. The testing instrument is composed of a loading handle, a gearbox, a transmission rod, the load sensor, the loading rod, the dial test indicator, the electric conductivity meter, a universal roller support and the test sample. The present invention has the advantaged of high measuring accuracy and simple and convenient operation, and is an instrument capable of testing the parameters of new breaking influenced by the self weight of the test sample. The quality of the test sample is easily ensured. The present invention eliminates the influence of the self weight of the test sample for a testing process and a testing result, and measures the loading-displacing curve of the entire loading process. The present invention prevents that the quantity of the crack incision of the test sample and the mounting quality of an extensometer from influencing the testing result, and through a load displacement curve and an electric conduction incremental displacement curve method, the critical load of the crack initiation of cracks is determined. The present invention ensures the accuracy of the critical load.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is the method for testing and the testing tool thereof of low-intensity material fragmentation parameters, belongs to soil mass fragmentation parameters testing tool technical field.
Background technology
What use always in the prior art is standard three-point bending fracture test method.Described standard three point bending test is the standard method of test metal and fracture parameters of concrete, and the deadweight direction of loading direction and sample is consistent in the test.During the fragmentation parameters of the relatively poor materials of break resistance such as the prior art test soil body, the rupture failure that causes because of sample deadweight may take place in sample before loading, even this destruction is not taken place, also comparing can not ignore with breaking load because of the sample deadweight obviously influences test findings; In addition, prior art is measured crack mouth opening displacement with the displacement tens(i)ometer, and this makes the installation quality of sample crack kerf quality and tens(i)ometer have considerable influence to test findings, and for soil sample, the displacement tens(i)ometer is difficult to install especially; Moreover, be difficult to obtain the trial curve behind the load peak value during with existing method test soil sample; For the situation of no obvious load peak value in the load-displacement curve, determine that with existing method the precision of the critical load of crack crack initiation is difficult to guarantee.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the defective of above-mentioned conventional tearing test method and testing tool, propose a kind of method of testing and instrument that is applicable to research soil mass fragmentation characteristic, have not only easy and simple to handle but also can guarantee the soil mass fragmentation instrument of precision.It has not only eliminated the influence of sample deadweight to process of the test and test findings, and has improved measuring accuracy, the fracture characteristics experimental study of the suitable relatively poor material of this class break resistance of the soil body.Technical solution of the present invention: the method for testing of soil mass fragmentation parameters is that the loading mode is simple loading or cyclic loading, the loading direction is a horizontal direction, load is by a journey high-precision load sensor measurement in a small amount, the loading pole displacement is measured by dial gauge, the sample electricity is led by conductivity meter and is measured, and critical load is determined by load-displacement curve and conductance increment displacement curve.
The soil mass fragmentation parameters tester, its structure is that the loading handle connects wheel box, wheel box connects transmission rod, transmission rod connects load sensor, load sensor connects loading pole, dial gauge links to each other with the sample loading pole, and the electrode in the conductivity meter directly inserts the sample two ends, and universal rolling wheel supports and is positioned over the sample bottom.
Advantage of the present invention: the measuring accuracy height, can eliminate the new fracture parameter test instrument of sample deadweight influence, it is easy and simple to handle, and is less demanding to sample crack kerf quality, and sample mass is easy to guarantee.The loading direction is vertical with sample deadweight direction, has eliminated the influence of sample deadweight to process of the test and test findings; Can measure the load-displacement curve of whole loading process, comprise softening section; The high-precision load sensor of little range can record the payload values of enough accuracy; Dial gauge is measured the loading pole displacement, has avoided the influence to test findings of sample crack kerf quality and tens(i)ometer installation quality; The electricity of sample is led variation in the conductivity meter experiment with measuring; Lead the critical load that two kinds of methods of displacement curve are determined the crack crack initiation by load-displacement curve and electricity, guaranteed the accuracy of critical load.
Description of drawings
The test result figure of the load-displacement curve when accompanying drawing 1 is the simple loading of the present invention.
The test result figure of the conductance increment displacement curve when accompanying drawing 2 is the simple loading of the present invention.
The test result figure of the load-displacement curve when accompanying drawing 3 is cyclic loadings of the present invention.
The test result figure of the conductance increment displacement curve when accompanying drawing 4 is cyclic loadings of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 5 is structural representations of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 6 is structural principle synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 7 is electrical block diagrams of conductivity meter in the structure of the present invention.
Among the figure 1 ' is that loading handle, 2 ' is that wheel box, 3 ' is that transmission rod, 4 ' is that load sensor, 5 ' is that loading pole, 6 ' is that dial gauge, 7 ' is that conductivity meter, 8 ' is that universal rolling wheel support, 9 ' is that sample, AA, BB are that sample fulcrum, CC are that sample loading pole, DD are that electrode, F are that crack otch, W are that specimen width, B are that sample thickness, P are that load, a are that the penetration of fracture, S are that sample effective length, 10 ' is an electrode; 11 ' is that sensor 12 ' is an amplifier; 13 ' is the A/D conversion; 14 ' is data acquisition; 15 ' is central processing unit; 16 ' is the data outputs.
Embodiment
Above-mentioned two kinds of curves all can be used for determining the size of critical load.For curve shown in the accompanying drawing 1,2, before the load peaking, the sample electricity is not led and is changed, be that the crack is not expanded, behind the load peaking, electricity is led with displacement and is changed, be that the crack is expanded, the load peak value is exactly the critical load of crack crack initiation, and the displacement of critical load correspondence just in time is the displacement of the flex point correspondence of conductance increment displacement curve, two kinds of unanimities as a result that method is determined.Tangible load peak value does not appear in the load-displacement curve of some situation, and critical load can determine that the accuracy of critical load can guarantee according to the flex point of conductance increment displacement curve.
Sample effective length S=18.50cm, specimen width W are respectively 4.40,4.60,4.80cm, and sample thickness B is respectively 2.20,2.30,2.40cm, and penetration of fracture a is respectively 2.00,2.25,2.50cm.
The loading direction be level to, load by one in a small amount the journey high-precision load sensor measure, the loading pole displacement is measured by dial gauge, the sample electricity is led by conductivity meter and is measured, critical load is represented by load-displacement curve or conductance increment displacement curve.
For simple loading situation, load, loading pole displacement, sample conductance measurement value are shown in subordinate list 1 in the test, and conductance increment is obtained by diagometer in the table.Critical load can be obtained by load-displacement curve or conductance increment displacement curve.Draw load-displacement curve according to load P and loading pole displacement, as shown in Figure 1.Transverse axis is the loading pole displacement in the accompanying drawing 1, and the longitudinal axis is a load.As can be seen, when load during less than peak value, load is linear substantially with the loading pole displacement and increases in the accompanying drawing 1, and the load peak value is exactly a critical load.Lead variable quantity and loading pole displacement drafting conductance increment displacement curve according to the electricity of sample, as shown in Figure 2.Transverse axis is the loading pole displacement in the accompanying drawing 2, and the longitudinal axis is a conductance increment.
Comparative drawings figs 2 and accompanying drawing 1 as can be known, during less than the displacement of load peak value correspondence, the sample conductance increment is zero in the loading pole displacement, promptly the crack is not expanded; When loading pole displacement during greater than the displacement of load peak value correspondence, the sample electricity is led and is changed, and promptly the crack is expanded; The loading pole displacement of load peak value correspondence just in time is the displacement of the flex point correspondence of conductance increment displacement curve, i.e. the displacement of crack crack initiation, and the load peak value is exactly a critical load.Two kinds of unanimities as a result that method is determined.
For the cyclic loading situation, load, loading pole displacement, sample conductance measurement value are shown in subordinate list 2 in the test, and conductance increment is obtained by diagometer in the table.Critical load can be obtained by load-displacement curve or conductance increment displacement curve.Draw load-displacement curve according to load P and loading pole displacement, as shown in Figure 3, transverse axis is the loading pole displacement in the accompanying drawing 3, and the longitudinal axis is a load.Lead variable quantity and loading pole displacement drafting conductance increment displacement curve according to the electricity of sample, as shown in Figure 4, transverse axis is the loading pole displacement in the accompanying drawing 4, and the longitudinal axis is a conductance increment.All can determine critical load according to accompanying drawing 3,4, its method is similar to simple loading situation.
It can also be seen that from accompanying drawing 3,4 in the off-load before the load peaking-loading circulation, electricity is not led and changed, show that the crack do not expand; In off-load behind the load peaking-loading circulation, electricity is led and is remained unchanged during off-load, and electricity is led slow variation during loading, reach the peak value of loading again when load after, electricity is led along virgin curve and is changed, the crack is not expanded when showing off-load, the crack is expanded during loading.
Probationary certificate has been eliminated the influence of soil sample deadweight to process of the test and test findings.Traditional standard three-point bending fracture test method is improved, loading direction by vertically to change into level to, thereby make loading direction and soil sample deadweight direction vertical.The high-precision load sensor of little range has guaranteed the load measurement precision.The sample bottom is used universal rolling wheel and is supported, and does not retrain the distortion of sample when eliminating test bottom friction power.Dial gauge is used to measure the displacement of sample loading pole.The electricity of sample is led with conductivity meter and is recorded.This conductivity meter is formed by prior art electrode 10 ', sensor 11 ', amplifier 12 ', A/D conversion 13 ', data acquisition 14 ', central processing unit 15 ', data output 16 ' serial connection.
Lead the critical load that the displacement curve method is determined the sample crack initiation with load-loading pole displacement curve method and conductance increment displacement curve or electricity, can guarantee the accuracy of critical load.Can record the load-loading pole displacement curve in the whole fracture process of sample.Can carry out three-point bending fracture test and 4 asymmetric tearing tests respectively.Can test fracture toughness KIC, the KIIC of soil sample I type and II type crack problem and the K factor of the compound crack problem of I-II respectively.
The simple bearing test test data of table 1
| Displacement/mm | Load/N | Electricity is led/S | Conductance increment/S | Displacement/mm | Load/N | Electricity is led/S | Conductance increment/ |
| 0 | 0 | 25.2 | 0 | 0.8 | 4.8 | 23 | -2.2 |
| 0.05 | 1.3 | 25.2 | 0 | 0.85 | 4 | 22.7 | -2.5 |
| 0.1 | 2.8 | 25.2 | 0 | 0.9 | 3.7 | 22.4 | -2.8 |
| 0.15 | 4.5 | 25.2 | 0 | 0.95 | 3.4 | 22.1 | -3.1 |
| 0.2 | 5.8 | 25.2 | 0 | 1 | 3.3 | 21.8 | -3.4 |
| 0.25 | 8 | 25.2 | 0 | 1.05 | 3 | 21.5 | -3.7 |
| 0.3 | 10.6 | 25.2 | 0 | 1.1 | 2.9 | 21.2 | -4 |
| 0.35 | 13 | 25.2 | 0 | 1.15 | 2.8 | 21 | -4.2 |
| 0.4 | 14.1 | 25.2 | 0 | 1.2 | 2.7 | 20.7 | -4.5 |
| 0.45 | 11.6 | 24.9 | -0.3 | 1.25 | 2.6 | 20.5 | -4.7 |
| 0.5 | 9.5 | 24.6 | -0.6 | 1.3 | 2.4 | 20.2 | -5 |
| 0.55 | 7.6 | 24.4 | -0.8 | 1.35 | 2.2 | 19.9 | -5.3 |
| 0.6 | 6.5 | 24.1 | -1.1 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 19.7 | -5.5 |
| 0.65 | 5.8 | 23.8 | -1.4 | 1.45 | 1.9 | 19.5 | -5.7 |
| 0.7 | 5.5 | 23.6 | -1.6 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 19.3 | -5.9 |
| 0.75 | 5.2 | 23.3 | -1.9 | 1.55 | 1.5 | 19.1 | -6.1 |
Table 2 cyclic loading experimental test data
| Displacement/mm | Load/N | Electricity is led/S | Conductance increment/S | Displacement/mm | Load/N | Electricity is led/S | Conductance increment/ |
| 0 | 0 | 31.9 | 0 | 0.65 | 7.4 | 30.9 | -1 |
| 0.025 | 0.4 | 31.9 | 0 | 0.675 | 7 | 30.8 | -1.1 |
| 0.05 | 0.8 | 31.9 | 0 | 0.7 | 6.1 | 30.7 | -1.2 |
| 0.075 | 1.3 | 31.9 | 0 | 0.675 | 3.5 | 30.7 | -1.2 |
| 0.1 | 2 | 31.9 | 0 | 0.65 | 2.6 | 30.7 | -1.2 |
| 0.125 | 2.5 | 31.9 | 0 | 0.625 | 1.5 | 30.7 | -1.2 |
| 0.15 | 3 | 31.9 | 0 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 30.7 | -1.2 |
| 0.175 | 3.5 | 31.9 | 0 | 0.575 | 0 | 30.7 | -1.2 |
| 0.2 | 4.1 | 31.9 | 0 | 0.6 | 3.5 | 30.65 | -1.25 |
| 0.225 | 4.9 | 31.9 | 0 | 0.625 | 4.3 | 30.6 | -1.3 |
| 0.25 | 5.5 | 31.9 | 0 | 0.65 | 5 | 30.55 | -1.35 |
| 0.275 | 6.1 | 31.9 | 0 | 0.675 | 5.2 | 30.5 | -1.4 |
| 0.3 | 6.9 | 31.9 | 0 | 0.7 | 5.4 | 30.4 | -1.5 |
| 0.325 | 7.7 | 31.9 | 0 | 0.725 | 5.2 | 30.3 | -1.6 |
| 0.35 | 8.1 | 31.9 | 0 | 0.75 | 5 | 30.2 | -1.7 |
| 0.375 | 8.8 | 31.9 | 0 | 0.775 | 4.6 | 30.1 | -1.8 |
| 0.4 | 9.2 | 31.9 | 0 | 0.8 | 4.3 | 30 | -1.9 |
| 0.375 | 5.5 | 31.9 | 0 | 0.825 | 4.1 | 29.9 | -2 |
| 0.35 | 3.1 | 31.9 | 0 | 0.85 | 3.9 | 29.8 | -2.1 |
| 0.325 | 1.8 | 31.9 | 0 | 0.825 | 1.7 | 29.8 | -2.1 |
| 0.3 | 0.5 | 31.9 | 0 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 29.8 | -2.1 |
| 0.275 | 0 | 31.9 | 0 | 0.775 | 0 | 29.8 | -2.1 |
| 0.3 | 3.6 | 31.9. | 0 | 0.8 | 2.5 | 29.75 | -2.15 |
| 0.325 | 5.3 | 31.9 | 0 | 0.825 | 2.9 | 29.7 | -2.2 |
| 0.35 | 6.9 | 31.9 | 0 | 0.85 | 3.3 | 29.65 | -2.25 |
| 0.375 | 7.9 | 31.9 | 0 | 0.875 | 3.2 | 29.6 | -2.3 |
| 0.4 | 9.2 | 31.9 | 0 | 0.9 | 3 | 29.5 | -2.4 |
| 0.425 | 10 | 31.9 | 0 | 0.925 | 2.9 | 29.4 | -2.5 |
| 0.45 | 10.95 | 31.9 | 0 | 0.95 | 2.8 | 29.3 | -2.6 |
| 0.475 | 11.6 | 31.9 | 0 | 0.975 | 2.7 | 29.2 | -2.7 |
| 0.5 | 10.4 | 31.8 | -0.1 | 1 | 2.6 | 29.1 | -2.8 |
| 0.475 | 6.1 | 31.8 | -0.1 | 1.025 | 2.5 | 29 | -2.9 |
| 0.45 | 4.8 | 31.8 | -0.1 | 1.05 | 2.4 | 28.9 | -3 |
| 0.425 | 3.4 | 31.8 | -0.1 | 1.075 | 2.3 | 28.8 | -3.1 |
| 0.4 | 1.9 | 31.8 | -0.1 | 1.1 | 2.2 | 28.7 | -3.2 |
| 0.375 | 1.1 | 31.8 | -0.1 | 1.125 | 2.1 | 28.6 | -3.3 |
| 0.35 | 0 | 31.8 | -0.1 | 1.15 | 2 | 28.5 | -3.4 |
| 0.375 | 3.9 | 31.75 | -0.15 | 1.175 | 1.9 | 28.4 | -3.5 |
| 0.4 | 5.5 | 31.7 | -0.2 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 28.3 | -3.6 |
| 0.425 | 7.1 | 31.65 | -0.25 | 1.225 | 1.8 | 28.2 | -3.7 |
| 0.45 | 8.2 | 31.6 | -0.3 | 1.25 | 1.7 | 28.1 | -3.8 |
| 0.475 | 9.2 | 31.55 | -0.35 | 1.275 | 1.7 | 28 | -3.9 |
| 0.5 | 9.4 | 31.5 | -0.4 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 29.1 | -4 |
| 0.525 | 9.2 | 31.4 | -0.5 | 1.325 | 1.6 | 27.8 | -4.1 |
| 0.55 | 8.8 | 31.3 | -0.6 | 1.35 | 1.6 | 30.1 | -4.2 |
| 0.575 | 8.6 | 31.2 | -0.7 | 1.375 | 1.6 | 27.6 | -4.3 |
| 0.6 | 8.2 | 31.1 | -0.8 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 31.1 | -4.4 |
| 0.625 | 7.8 | 31 | -0.9 |
Claims (1)
1. soil mass fragmentation parameters tester, it is characterized in that loading handle (1 ') connects wheel box (2 '), wheel box (2 ') connects transmission rod (3 '), transmission rod (3 ') connects load sensor (4 '), load sensor (4 ') connects loading pole (5 '), dial gauge (6 ') links to each other with sample loading pole (5 '), electrode in the conductivity meter (7 ') (DD) directly inserts sample (9 ') two ends, universal rolling wheel support (8 ') is positioned over sample (9 ') bottom, and the loading direction of described tester is a horizontal direction.
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| CNB2005100400147A CN100370240C (en) | 2005-05-16 | 2005-05-16 | Method for testing soil mass fragmentation parameters and tester thereof |
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| CNB2005100400147A CN100370240C (en) | 2005-05-16 | 2005-05-16 | Method for testing soil mass fragmentation parameters and tester thereof |
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| CN1699955A CN1699955A (en) | 2005-11-23 |
| CN100370240C true CN100370240C (en) | 2008-02-20 |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101661271B (en) * | 2009-09-16 | 2011-04-27 | 天津钢管集团股份有限公司 | Method for controlling whole-course displacement in program-controlled metal material stretching test |
| CN104483203A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-04-01 | 唐红梅 | Testing device and method for measuring soil body fracture toughness by the aid of soil body self-weight |
| CN105865924A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-08-17 | 南京大学 | Cohesive-soil strain-control-type I-type fracture toughness tester and testing method |
Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2066136U (en) * | 1989-08-01 | 1990-11-21 | 大连理工大学 | Rigidity supplementary device for fragile material direct tensile test |
| JPH08297080A (en) * | 1995-04-26 | 1996-11-12 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Fracture toughness test method by small test piece |
| JPH11148889A (en) * | 1997-11-17 | 1999-06-02 | Hitachi Ltd | Fracture toughness test piece for inorganic material |
| CN2697635Y (en) * | 2004-04-07 | 2005-05-04 | 中国葛洲坝水利水电工程集团有限公司 | Device for testing concrete fracture energy and fracture toughness by wedging-drawing method |
| CN2789755Y (en) * | 2005-05-16 | 2006-06-21 | 河海大学 | Tester adapted to testing soil body fracture parameter |
-
2005
- 2005-05-16 CN CNB2005100400147A patent/CN100370240C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2066136U (en) * | 1989-08-01 | 1990-11-21 | 大连理工大学 | Rigidity supplementary device for fragile material direct tensile test |
| JPH08297080A (en) * | 1995-04-26 | 1996-11-12 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Fracture toughness test method by small test piece |
| JPH11148889A (en) * | 1997-11-17 | 1999-06-02 | Hitachi Ltd | Fracture toughness test piece for inorganic material |
| CN2697635Y (en) * | 2004-04-07 | 2005-05-04 | 中国葛洲坝水利水电工程集团有限公司 | Device for testing concrete fracture energy and fracture toughness by wedging-drawing method |
| CN2789755Y (en) * | 2005-05-16 | 2006-06-21 | 河海大学 | Tester adapted to testing soil body fracture parameter |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
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| 冻土断裂韧度测试的理论与方法. 李洪升等.岩土工程学报，第22卷第1期. 2000 * |
| 击实粘性土断裂韧度性质研究. 丁金栗等.水利学报，第7期. 1990 * |
| 单轴静动拉压试验仪的研制和纤维加筋土断裂特性试验. 张小江等.大坝观测与土工测试，第21卷第4期. 1997 * |
| 粘性土体断裂韧度KIC研究. 张振国等.岩土力学，第14卷第3期. 1993 * |
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