CN101858891B - Correction sample axle for inspection of permeability to ultrasound of axle of rolling stock and use method thereof - Google Patents
Correction sample axle for inspection of permeability to ultrasound of axle of rolling stock and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101858891B CN101858891B CN2009101299679A CN200910129967A CN101858891B CN 101858891 B CN101858891 B CN 101858891B CN 2009101299679 A CN2009101299679 A CN 2009101299679A CN 200910129967 A CN200910129967 A CN 200910129967A CN 101858891 B CN101858891 B CN 101858891B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a correction sample axle for inspection of permeability to ultrasound of an axle of a rolling stock. The correction sample axle is made from a blank axle which is forged, processed by heat, and qualified by inspection of permeability to ultrasound. The grain size of the sample axle processed by heat is greater than or equal to grade 8. The end surfaces on both ends of the sample axle are perpendicular to the direction of the axis, and each end surface is respectively formed by a smooth semicircular end surface and a rough semicircular end surface staggered axially; the smooth semicircular end surface and the rough semicircular end surface on both ends correspond to each other axially respectively; and the roughness of the smooth semicircular end surface is Ra1.6-Ra6.3, and the roughness of the rough semicircular end surface is greater than Ra6.3. By using the correction sample axle for inspection of permeability to ultrasound of an axle of a rolling stock, the inspection of permeability to ultrasound can be carried out on the premise of no finish machining to the two end surfaces of the blank axle of the rolling stock, the inspection results are accurate and reliable, the inspection cost is reduced, and the inspection efficiency is enhanced.
Description
Technical field
The invention relates to the manufacturing and the Non-Destructive Testing field of rolling stock axletree, relate in particular to rolling stock correction sample axle for inspection of permeability to ultrasound of axle and using method thereof.
Background technology
In transportation by railroad, transportation safety is primary, and the rolling stock axletree is one of most important parts that are related to transportation safety; It is important step in the axletree manufacture process that the rolling stock axletree is carried out Non-Destructive Testing, should possess one tight, accurately, low-cost, high efficiency Non-Destructive Testing condition.
Existing rolling stock axletree before the machining, for the tissue and the defective of inspection vehicle shaft material inside, need axially carry out inspection of permeability to ultrasound to axletree by ultra-sonic defect detector after forging thermal treatment.According to domestic and international standard, the roughness of axletree end face should reach Ra1.6～Ra6.3 (that is: the axletree end face should be more smooth) usually during check, and after the inspection of permeability to ultrasound of axletree was qualified, axletree just can enter follow-up machining operation; When the inspection of permeability to ultrasound of axletree was defective, axletree need turn back to heat treatment step thermal treatment again.But, conventional detection requires the end face of the rolling stock blank axletree that all are to be tested all to be processed into the shiny surface that roughness is Ra1.6～Ra6.3, so need to increase special equipment, place, input such as artificial, this is for the rolling stock blank axletree of the whole nation year about more than 20 ten thousand of production, 0.28 meter * 2.3 meters of the about φ of full-size, need huge financial cost, and checkability is low; (Ra1.6～Ra6.3), and just carry out inspection of permeability to ultrasound under the state after the sawing of blank axletree will not meet new test stone requirement if check the time is not machined to the axletree two ends roughness of regulation.On the other hand, need thermal treatment again owing to rolling stock blank axletree is might inspection of permeability to ultrasound defective, therefore, during the sawing of rolling stock blank vehicle axial end, also must leave process redundancy, this process redundancy is grasped according to operating experience usually, has also increased the control difficulty for checkout procedure.
Therefore, how can realize rolling stock axletree inspection of permeability to ultrasound fast, accurately, low cost and high-level efficiency, be this area problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of rolling stock correction sample axle for inspection of permeability to ultrasound of axle and using method thereof, can after the blank axletree two ends sawing after forging and the thermal treatment, directly test, and do not test again after not needing blank axletree both ends of the surface roughness is worked into Ra1.6～Ra6.3, this method is not only checked accurately, and can realize quick, the low-cost and high efficiency purpose of check.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, and a kind of rolling stock correction sample axle for inspection of permeability to ultrasound of axle, described correction sample axle are by making after process forging and the thermal treatment and by the qualified blank axle of inspection of permeability to ultrasound; Grain size 〉=8 after the thermal treatment of described correction sample axle grade; The end face at described correction sample axle two ends is all perpendicular to its axis direction, each end face is made of smooth semicircle end face that axially staggers and coarse semicircle end face respectively, the smooth semicircle end face and the coarse semicircle end face at described two ends are axial correspondence respectively, and the roughness of described smooth semicircle end face is Ra1.6～Ra6.3; The roughness of described coarse semicircle end face is greater than Ra6.3.
In a better embodiment of the present invention, the smooth semicircle faces parallel at described two ends≤5 °; The coarse semicircle faces parallel at described two ends≤5 °; The distance of the coarse semicircle end face at described correction sample axle two ends is identical with the rolling stock blank vehicle shaft length after the sawing.
In a better embodiment of the present invention, the distance that the smooth semicircle end face of each end of described correction sample axle and coarse semicircle end face axial stagger is less than 2mm.
In a better embodiment of the present invention, described coarse semicircle end face is a sawing face.
In a better embodiment of the present invention, described correction sample axle adopts with actual rolling stock axletree identical materials and makes.
The present invention also proposes a kind of using method of rolling stock correction sample axle for inspection of permeability to ultrasound of axle as claimed in claim 1, this using method comprise by proofread and correct detect step, every day of offset that the sample axle obtains the detection sensitivity of the smooth relatively semicircle end face of coarse semicircle end face before with ultra-sonic defect detector by proofreading and correct the step that the sample axle proofreaies and correct and utilizing ultra-sonic defect detector after proofreading and correct rolling stock blank axletree to be carried out the step of inspection of permeability to ultrasound.
In a better embodiment of the present invention, comprise by proofreading and correct the step of offset that the sample axle obtains the detection sensitivity of the smooth relatively semicircle end face of coarse semicircle end face:
(1) smears coupling agent at correction sample axle one end;
(2) probe with ultra-sonic defect detector carries out inspection of permeability to ultrasound to the smooth semicircle end face of proofreading and correct this end of sample axle, adjusting sensitivity of tester, to make the primary event wave height reach the defectoscope screen full-scale 90%, and adjust the sensitivity that obtains this moment is first decibel value;
(3) with the probe of ultra-sonic defect detector the coarse semicircle end face of proofreading and correct the same end of sample axle is carried out inspection of permeability to ultrasound again, to make the primary event wave height reach the defectoscope screen full-scale 90% by adjusting sensitivity of tester once more, and the sensitivity that obtain this moment is second decibel value;
(4) difference of resulting first decibel value and second decibel value is made record, this difference is the offset of the smooth relatively semicircle end face of coarse semicircle end face inspection of permeability to ultrasound.
In a better embodiment of the present invention, before detecting every day ultra-sonic defect detector is comprised by the step of proofreading and correct the correction of sample axle:
(1) before detection every day, the probe of ultra-sonic defect detector carries out inspection of permeability to ultrasound to the smooth semicircle end face of proofreading and correct this end of sample axle, adjusting sensitivity of tester, to make the primary event wave height reach the defectoscope screen full-scale 90%, and adjust the sensitivity that obtains this moment is the three decibels value;
(2) ultra-sonic defect detector sensitivity is added that by the three decibels value offset makes adjustment.
In a better embodiment of the present invention, utilize the ultra-sonic defect detector after proofreading and correct that the step that rolling stock blank axletree carries out inspection of permeability to ultrasound is comprised:
(1) will forge and thermal treatment after the two ends sawing of rolling stock blank axletree be the plane;
(2) smear coupling agent at rolling stock blank axletree one end to be detected;
(3) probe with ultra-sonic defect detector carries out inspection of permeability to an end of smearing coupling agent on the blank axletree, obtains the height value of its primary reflection on the defectoscope screen.
In a better embodiment of the present invention, the sawing plane at described rolling stock blank axletree two ends to be detected, its roughness is greater than Ra6.3.
From the above mentioned, use rolling stock correction sample axle for inspection of permeability to ultrasound of axle of the present invention, can from proofread and correct the sample axle obtain the smooth relatively semi circular surface of coarse semi circular surface detection sensitivity offset and ultra-sonic defect detector proofreaied and correct, and to obtain both ends of the surface be the testing conditions that the rolling stock blank axletree to be detected of sawing face carries out inspection of permeability to ultrasound; When a large amount of rolling stock blank axletrees need carry out inspection of permeability to ultrasound, can make rolling stock blank axletree need not carry out to carry out corresponding check under the accurately machined prerequisite in both ends of the surface; This kind method not only assay is accurate, reliable, and owing to omitted finishing, therefore, has reduced the detection cost, has also improved detection efficiency.
Description of drawings
The following drawings only is intended to the present invention done and schematically illustrates and explain, not delimit the scope of the invention.Wherein,
Fig. 1 a: be the structural representation of rolling stock correction sample axle for inspection of permeability to ultrasound of axle of the present invention.
Fig. 1 b: be the schematic side view of Fig. 1 a.
Fig. 2: for the present invention carries out the synoptic diagram one that UT (Ultrasonic Testing) obtains the sensitivity compensation value to proofreading and correct the smooth semicircle end face of sample axle.
Fig. 3: for the present invention carries out the synoptic diagram two that UT (Ultrasonic Testing) obtains the sensitivity compensation value to proofreading and correct the coarse semicircle end face of sample axle.
Fig. 4: before detecting every day of the present invention, by proofreading and correct the smooth semicircle end face of sample axle carries out trimming process to ultra-sonic defect detector synoptic diagram.
Fig. 5: rolling stock blank axletree is carried out the synoptic diagram of inspection of permeability to ultrasound process for the present invention utilizes ultra-sonic defect detector after the correction.
Embodiment
Understand for technical characterictic of the present invention, purpose and effect being had more clearly, now contrast description of drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention.
Shown in Fig. 1 a, Fig. 1 b, present embodiment proposes a kind of rolling stock correction sample axle for inspection of permeability to ultrasound of axle 1, and described correction sample axle 1 is by making after process forging and the thermal treatment and by the qualified blank axle of inspection of permeability to ultrasound; This proofreaies and correct grain size 〉=8 grade after 1 thermal treatment of sample axle; The end face at described correction sample axle 1 two ends is all perpendicular to its axis direction, each end face is made of smooth semicircle end face A that axially staggers and coarse semicircle end face B respectively, the smooth semicircle end face A at described two ends is axial corresponding states, the smooth semicircle end face A that is two ends is in corresponding phase position (shown in Fig. 1 a, Fig. 1 b), and the coarse semicircle end face B at two ends also is axial corresponding states; The roughness of described smooth semicircle end face A is Ra1.6～Ra6.3, and the roughness of described coarse semicircle end face B is greater than Ra6.3.Described in the present embodiment coarse semicircle end face B is sawing face (that is: being obtained by sawing processing).Described correction sample axle 1 adopts with actual rolling stock axletree identical materials to be made.The distance of proofreading and correct sample axle 1 two ends coarse semicircle end face B is identical with the length of sawing back axle.
Because the two ends of correction sample axle 1 of the present invention are made of smooth semicircle end face A and coarse semicircle end face B, the roughness of wherein smooth semicircle end face A is Ra1.6～Ra6.3, meets the domestic testing conditions that carries out inspection of permeability to ultrasound in the world that reaches; The roughness of coarse semicircle end face B is greater than Ra6.3, with through forging and thermal treatment after etc. the roughness of both ends of the surface of rolling stock blank axletree to be detected identical (both ends of the surface of rolling stock blank axletree to be detected are the planes that is formed by sawing, and do not carry out finishing, its end face roughness is all greater than Ra6.3); Therefore, utilize correction sample axle 1 of the present invention can obtain the offset of the smooth relatively semicircle end face of coarse semicircle end face detection sensitivity; Ultra-sonic defect detector 2 can be proofreaied and correct from proofreading and correct sample axle 1 before detecting every day, promptly respectively smooth semicircle end face A and coarse semicircle end face B are detected by ultra-sonic defect detector, and to draw both ends of the surface be the testing conditions that the rolling stock blank axletree to be detected of sawing face carries out inspection of permeability to ultrasound, so that rolling stock blank axletree to be detected needn't carry out under the accurately machined prerequisite in both ends of the surface, can carry out inspection of permeability to ultrasound, thereby guaranteeing to check accurately on the basis, reducing and detect cost, improve detection efficiency.
Correction sample axle of the present invention is made by the following method:
At first, adopt and actual rolling stock axletree identical materials (as: trade mark is A1N, EA4T, JZ35, LZ40, JZ45, JZ50, LZ50,35CrMoA etc.) making one blank axle; Through forging and thermal treatment after, the grain size of this blank axle 〉=8 grade; Again with the whole sawings of forging end face at these blank axle two ends, and make after the sawing the blank axle with produce in actual axle length basic identical (can be slightly longer) after the sawing so that reserve the following process surplus; Afterwards, blank axle both ends of the surface are carried out precision processing, make the roughness of precision processing back both ends of the surface reach Ra1.6～Ra6.3 that examination criteria requires, and make the depth of parallelism between both ends of the surface≤5 °; Then, this blank axle is carried out inspection of permeability to ultrasound (if this blank repacking is tested defective, then need the above step of repetition), after the assay was approved, with the whole sawings in blank axle two ends to obtain the roughened end surface of roughness greater than Ra6.3, and make after the sawing the blank axle with produce in actual axle length after the sawing identical, the depth of parallelism between both ends of the surface≤5 °; At last, it is Ra1.6～Ra6.3 that corresponding half end face in blank axle two ends is finish-machined to roughness, obtains smooth semicircle end face A, and makes between two ends the corresponding smooth semicircle end face A depth of parallelism≤5 °; Remaining half sawing surface is coarse semicircle end face B after the finishing of two ends; So, just obtain inspection of permeability to ultrasound as shown in Figure 1a and proofreaied and correct sample axle 1.
In the present embodiment, after the precision processing, the distance that the smooth semicircle end face A of each end of described correction sample axle and coarse semicircle end face B axially stagger should be less than 2mm.
Further, in the present embodiment, a kind of using method of rolling stock correction sample axle for inspection of permeability to ultrasound of axle also is provided, this using method comprise from proofread and correct detect step, every day of offset that sample axle 1 obtains the detection sensitivity of the smooth relatively semicircle end face of coarse semicircle end face before with ultra-sonic defect detector 2 from proofread and correct sample axle 1 step of proofreading and correct and the step of detecting a flaw with 2 pairs of rolling stock blanks of ultra-sonic defect detector axletree 3.
As Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3, comprise from proofreading and correct the step of offset that sample axle 1 obtains the detection sensitivity of the smooth relatively semicircle end face of coarse semicircle end face:
(1) smears coupling agent at correction sample axle 1 one ends;
(2) the smooth semicircle end face A that proofreaies and correct sample axle 1 this end with 21 pairs of the probes of ultra-sonic defect detector 2 carries out inspection of permeability to ultrasound (as shown in Figure 2), to make the primary event wave height reach defectoscope screen 22 full-scale 90% by adjusting defectoscope 2 sensitivity, and adjust the sensitivity that obtains this moment is first decibel value;
(3) the coarse semicircle end face B that proofreaies and correct sample axle 1 same end with 21 pairs of the probes of ultra-sonic defect detector again carries out inspection of permeability to ultrasound (as shown in Figure 3), to make the primary event wave height reach defectoscope screen 22 full-scale 90% by adjusting defectoscope 2 sensitivity once more, and the sensitivity that obtain this moment is second decibel value;
(4) difference of resulting first decibel value and second decibel value is made record, this difference is the offset of coarse semicircle end face inspection of permeability to ultrasound.For material, job operation, detector device and the coupling agent determined, this offset is a metastable determined value.
Detecting first decibel value that smooth semicircle end face A obtains should be littler than detecting second decibel value that coarse semicircle end face B obtains.For instance, if first decibel value is 60dB, second decibel value is 90dB, and then described offset is 90-60=30dB.The offset of the detection sensitivity of the smooth relatively semi circular surface A of the coarse semi circular surface B of above-mentioned acquisition is for daily axletree UT (Ultrasonic Testing) check under the sawing state is effectively detected laid a good foundation.
Below to before detecting every day, the step that ultra-sonic defect detector 2 is proofreaied and correct (as shown in Figure 4) by positive sample axle 1 is made description.
(1) before detection every day, UT (Ultrasonic Testing) instrument probe 21 is arrived screen full scale 90% in the primary reflection height control that the 1 smooth semi circular surface A flaw detection of correction sample axle obtains, obtain a sensitivity C this moment, and this sensitivity is the three decibels value.
(2) ultra-sonic defect detector 2 sensitivity are added that by C offset makes adjustment;
In a better embodiment of the present invention, utilize the ultra-sonic defect detector after proofreading and correct that the step that rolling stock blank axletree carries out inspection of permeability to ultrasound (as shown in Figure 5) is comprised:
(1) will forge and thermal treatment after the 3 two ends sawings of rolling stock blank axletree be the plane, this sawing plane roughness is greater than Ra6.3;
(2) smear coupling agent at rolling stock blank axletree 3 one ends to be detected;
(3) end of smearing coupling agent on the 21 pairs of blank axletrees 3 of probe with ultra-sonic defect detector carries out inspection of permeability to, obtains the height value of its primary reflection on defectoscope screen 22.
After by above-mentioned steps rolling stock blank axletree 3 being carried out inspection of permeability to ultrasound, whether blank axletree 3 is qualified, need be according to the height value of its primary reflection on defectoscope screen 22, and criterion or judge that agreement makes judge.If that is: this rolling stock axletree is to be applied in more important occasion, it should adopt strict criterion to pass judgment on, otherwise, then can adopt relatively low criterion to pass judgment on.
From the above mentioned, use rolling stock correction sample axle for inspection of permeability to ultrasound of axle of the present invention, can proofread and correct ultra-sonic defect detector, and to obtain both ends of the surface be the testing conditions that the rolling stock blank axletree to be detected of sawing face carries out inspection of permeability to ultrasound; When a large amount of rolling stock blank axletrees need carry out inspection of permeability to ultrasound, can make rolling stock blank axletree need not carry out to carry out corresponding check under the accurately machined prerequisite in both ends of the surface; This kind method not only assay is accurate, reliable, and owing to omitted finishing, therefore, has reduced the detection cost, has also improved detection efficiency.
The above only is the schematic embodiment of the present invention, is not in order to limit scope of the present invention.Any those skilled in the art, equivalent variations of having done under the prerequisite that does not break away from design of the present invention and principle and modification all should belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. rolling stock correction sample axle for inspection of permeability to ultrasound of axle is characterized in that: described correction sample axle be by through forging and thermal treatment after and make by the qualified blank axle of inspection of permeability to ultrasound; Grain size 〉=8 after the thermal treatment of described correction sample axle grade; The end face at described correction sample axle two ends is all perpendicular to its axis direction, each end face is made of smooth semicircle end face that axially staggers and coarse semicircle end face respectively, the smooth semicircle end face and the coarse semicircle end face at described two ends are axial correspondence respectively, and the roughness of described smooth semicircle end face is Ra1.6～Ra6.3; The roughness of described coarse semicircle end face is greater than Ra6.3.
2. rolling stock correction sample axle for inspection of permeability to ultrasound of axle as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the smooth semicircle faces parallel at described two ends≤5 °; The coarse semicircle faces parallel at described two ends≤5 °; The distance of the coarse semicircle end face at described correction sample axle two ends is identical with the rolling stock blank vehicle shaft length after the sawing.
3. rolling stock correction sample axle for inspection of permeability to ultrasound of axle as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the distance that the smooth semicircle end face of each end of described correction sample axle and coarse semicircle end face axial stagger is less than 2mm.
4. rolling stock correction sample axle for inspection of permeability to ultrasound of axle as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described coarse semicircle end face is a sawing face.
5. rolling stock correction sample axle for inspection of permeability to ultrasound of axle as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described correction sample axle adopts with actual rolling stock axletree identical materials and makes.
6. the using method of a rolling stock correction sample axle for inspection of permeability to ultrasound of axle as claimed in claim 1, this using method comprise by proofread and correct detect step, every day of offset that the sample axle obtains the detection sensitivity of the smooth relatively semicircle end face of coarse semicircle end face before with ultra-sonic defect detector by proofreading and correct the step that the sample axle proofreaies and correct and utilizing ultra-sonic defect detector after proofreading and correct rolling stock blank axletree to be carried out the step of inspection of permeability to ultrasound;
Comprise by proofreading and correct the step of offset that the sample axle obtains the detection sensitivity of the smooth relatively semicircle end face of coarse semicircle end face:
(1) smears coupling agent at correction sample axle one end;
(2) probe with ultra-sonic defect detector carries out inspection of permeability to ultrasound to the smooth semicircle end face of proofreading and correct this end of sample axle, adjusting sensitivity of tester, to make the primary event wave height reach the defectoscope screen full-scale 90%, and adjust the sensitivity that obtains this moment is first decibel value;
(3) with the probe of ultra-sonic defect detector the coarse semicircle end face of proofreading and correct the same end of sample axle is carried out inspection of permeability to ultrasound again, to make the primary event wave height reach the defectoscope screen full-scale 90% by adjusting sensitivity of tester once more, and the sensitivity that obtain this moment is second decibel value;
(4) difference of resulting first decibel value and second decibel value is made record, this difference is the offset of the smooth relatively semicircle end face of coarse semicircle end face inspection of permeability to ultrasound;
Before detecting every day ultra-sonic defect detector is comprised by the step of proofreading and correct the correction of sample axle:
(1) before detection every day, the probe of ultra-sonic defect detector carries out inspection of permeability to ultrasound to the smooth semicircle end face of proofreading and correct this end of sample axle, adjusting sensitivity of tester, to make the primary event wave height reach the defectoscope screen full-scale 90%, and adjust the sensitivity that obtains this moment is the three decibels value;
(2) ultra-sonic defect detector sensitivity is added that by the three decibels value offset makes adjustment.
7. the using method of rolling stock correction sample axle for inspection of permeability to ultrasound of axle as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: utilize the ultra-sonic defect detector after proofreading and correct that the step that rolling stock blank axletree carries out inspection of permeability to ultrasound is comprised:
(1) will forge and thermal treatment after the two ends sawing of rolling stock blank axletree be the plane;
(2) smear coupling agent at rolling stock blank axletree one end to be detected;
(3) probe with ultra-sonic defect detector carries out inspection of permeability to an end of smearing coupling agent on the blank axletree, obtains the height value of its primary reflection on the defectoscope screen.
8. the using method of rolling stock correction sample axle for inspection of permeability to ultrasound of axle as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: the sawing plane at described rolling stock blank axletree two ends to be detected, its roughness is greater than Ra6.3.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009101299679A CN101858891B (en) | 2009-04-10 | 2009-04-10 | Correction sample axle for inspection of permeability to ultrasound of axle of rolling stock and use method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009101299679A CN101858891B (en) | 2009-04-10 | 2009-04-10 | Correction sample axle for inspection of permeability to ultrasound of axle of rolling stock and use method thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101858891A CN101858891A (en) | 2010-10-13 |
| CN101858891B true CN101858891B (en) | 2011-08-31 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2009101299679A Expired - Fee Related CN101858891B (en) | 2009-04-10 | 2009-04-10 | Correction sample axle for inspection of permeability to ultrasound of axle of rolling stock and use method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105092702B (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2019-03-22 | 中车大同电力机车有限公司 | Ultrasound examination sample axis method and device |
| CN114200013A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2022-03-18 | 云南缔邦检测有限公司 | Contact net operation wheel pair axle phased array detection method |
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