CN106644718A - Method for detecting micro defect inside metal material - Google Patents
Method for detecting micro defect inside metal material Download PDFInfo
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- CN106644718A CN106644718A CN201611186892.4A CN201611186892A CN106644718A CN 106644718 A CN106644718 A CN 106644718A CN 201611186892 A CN201611186892 A CN 201611186892A CN 106644718 A CN106644718 A CN 106644718A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/32—Polishing; Etching
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2866—Grinding or homogeneising
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0073—Fatigue
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
- G01N2203/0268—Dumb-bell specimens
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0298—Manufacturing or preparing specimens
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting a micro defect inside a metal material. The method comprises the following steps: (1) designing a variable-section ultrasonic fatigue test sample having a circular cross section and containing a constant-section segment according to an elastic modulus and a density value of a metal material to be detected, wherein the size of the test sample is designed according to a following formula: (as shown in the specification); (2) installing the test sample on an ultrasonic fatigue test machine to perform a fatigue test until the test sample is broken; and (3) observing a fracture of the broken test sample, measuring a defect size on the fracture of the test sample, that is a maximum defect size of the metal material. The method can rapidly, intuitively and quantitatively determine the defect in the metal material and can determine the micro defects which are 0.1 mm or smaller and even 10 micrometers or smaller inside the metal material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal material quality inspection technology, in particular to a kind of metal material inside tiny flaw detection side
Method.
Background technology
If the internal flaw that metal material is introduced in smelting process is oversized, its fatigue behaviour will drop significantly
It is low, this also will its military service time of serious curtailment, or even serious security incident can be caused because of the premature failure of material.Cause
This, metal material, such as：3D printing metal material or welding structure, the flaw detection after dispatching from the factory is for the safety applications for ensureing material
It is significant.Traditional metal material method of detection includes x-ray defectoscopy and ultrasonic testing, and these methods have each
Shortcoming.Wherein, x-ray defectoscopy is sensitive to volume flaw, but tiny micro-crack is particularly to line defect is difficult to find,
And x-ray defectoscopy is difficult to detect the defect of below 0.5mm；In addition, x-ray is harmful.And ultrasonic testing is straight
The property seen is poor, and result of detection is qualitative display, it is impossible to which accurate quantitative analysis obtain flaw size.
When metal material inside existing defects, under by the effect of reversed fatigue load, the defect inside sample will become
Fatigue crack source, general fatigue crackle is formed first around the maximum defect of size, extension is grown up and causes metal material to be tied
The final destruction of structure.Ultrasonic fatigue testing technology is a kind of accelerated fatigue test method, and its frequency of vibration is up to 2.0 × 104Hz,
Fatigue test can be rapidly completed, for example：Complete one 107Fatigue test, using 40Hz hydraulic servos fatigue machine need
Continuous continual work 69.5 hours are wanted, cost is taken a substantial amount of time, and is only needed about using Ultrasonic fatigue testing technology
The time of 20 minutes.Ultrasonic fatigue testing technology is a revolution in testing fatigue field, greatly improve test efficiency and
Efficiency of research and development, is now widely used in the Fatigue Life in Very High Cycle test of metal material.
The content of the invention
Present invention aim to provide a kind of metal material inside tiny flaw detection method, the method can it is quick,
Intuitively, quantitatively determine the defect in metal material, and very small dimensions defect can be detected.
For achieving the above object, the metal material inside tiny flaw detection method designed by the present invention, including following step
Suddenly：
1) according to the elastic modelling quantity of metal material to be detected a flaw and density value design section be rounded and section containing uiform section and change
The Specimen for Fatigue Test at Ultrasonic Frequency of section, specimen size is designed as follows：
Wherein：L3For sample both ends length,ω is angular frequency, ω=2 π f, and f is pilot system frequency, value
For 2.0 × 104Hz, c are resonance wave spread speed in the material；ρ is the density of metal material；E is metal material
Elastic modelling quantity；R1For sample uiform section section radius；R2For sample both ends radius；L1For the one of sample uiform section section total length
Half；L2For sample variable cross-section segment length
2) sample is arranged on Ultrasonic Fatigue Test-Bed carries out fatigue test, until sample fracture；
3) fracture sample fracture is observed, measures the flaw size in fracture surface of sample, as the greatest drawback chi of metal material
It is very little.For ease of calculating, the parameter in aforementioned specimen size adopts mm, the dimension of g, ms, i.e.,：Length dimension unit be mm, quality
Unit is g, and unit of time is ms, and other specification is unified into mm, the unit of g, ms by calculating；Such as：Density p adopts g/mm3。
Further, the step 2) in, the uiform section section of sample is carried out into surface Hardening Treatment.
Further, the step 2) in, the uiform section section of sample is carried out into bead, make the hardened layer on sample top layer
Depth reaches 0.1～0.3mm.
Further, the step 2) in, grinding process is polished to sample uiform section section, what is reached makes the table of sample
Surface roughness is 0.2～0.4 μm.
Further, one section of external screw thread being provided with for being connected with Ultrasonic Fatigue Test-Bed of the sample.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has advantages below：
First, the invention provides a kind of determine tiny flaw inside metal material using Ultrasonic fatigue testing technology
Method, solving x-ray defectoscopy can only detect the defect of more than 0.5mm, and the less defect for below 0.5mm cannot be visited
The problem for measuring, by present invention may determine that the tiny flaw of even less than 10 μm of below the 0.1mm in metal material inside, phase
Than existing method of detection, its intuitive is strong, and investigative range and precision are high.
Second, the present invention is solved, ultrasonic inspection method intuitive is poor, and result of detection is qualitative display, it is impossible to accurately fixed
Amount obtain flaw size problem, by the present invention can be quantitative determination defect shape, size even defect chemistry
Composition.
Third, carrying out fatigue test using Ultrasonic Fatigue Test-Bed, test speed is fast, can greatly improve flaw detection effect
Rate.
Fourth, the present invention carries out intensive treatment to specimen surface, so that it is guaranteed that when sample carries out Ultrasonic fatigue testing, from interior
There is fatigue rupture at portion's greatest drawback；Carry out microexamination from test fracture again, you can accurately obtain the shape of greatest drawback
And size, present invention ensures that sample crack initiation at greatest drawback, the greatest drawback size measured is very accurate.
Fifth, the present invention by sample design into the circular arc sample of section containing uiform section, uiform section section is iso-stress distribution, it is easy to
The greatest drawback size of more volume scope is obtained, the accuracy and reliability of its test result is further increased.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the circular arc Specimen for Fatigue Test at Ultrasonic Frequency scale diagrams of section containing uiform section to be detected a flaw in embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is the circular arc Specimen for Fatigue Test at Ultrasonic Frequency structural representation of section containing uiform section to be detected a flaw in embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is Ultrasonic fatigue testing device.
Fig. 4 is the defect schematic diagram of Specimen for Fatigue Test at Ultrasonic Frequency incision position.
Fig. 5 is the oval pore schematic diagram of the commissure diameter about 0.1mm detected in embodiment 1.
Fig. 6 is the non-metallic inclusion schematic diagram of about 4.9 μm of diameter in the spring steel detected in embodiment 2.
Fig. 7 is the power spectrum of the spring nonmetallic inclusionsin steel composition detected in embodiment 2.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in further detail with specific embodiment, is easy to more clearly understand this
Invention, but they do not constitute restriction to the present invention.
The concrete operations of metal material inside tiny flaw are determined in following examples using Ultrasonic fatigue testing technology
Step is as follows：
1) elastic modelling quantity and density value of the metal material detected a flaw as needed contain as shown in Figure 1 uiform section to design
Section circular arc Specimen for Fatigue Test at Ultrasonic Frequency (section is rounded and Specimen for Fatigue Test at Ultrasonic Frequency of section containing uiform section and variable cross-section section in one kind)
Size, shown in design formula such as following formula (1)：
Whereinω is angular frequency, and ω=2 π f, f are experimental system frequency, and value is 2.0 × 104Hz, c are resonance
Ripple spread speed in the material,ρ is the density of material；E is the elastic modelling quantity of material；
In resonant process, the uiform section section region of sample is iso-stress point to the circular arc Specimen for Fatigue Test at Ultrasonic Frequency of section containing uiform section
Cloth, it is easy to obtain the greatest drawback size of more volume scope.The calculation procedure of aforementioned specimen size design formula is as follows：
(1) measurement needs the density p and elastic modulus E of inspection material.
(2) analytical Calculation is carried out to the circular arc axial push-pull Specimen for Fatigue Test at Ultrasonic Frequency of section containing uiform section：
1.1 draft R1, R2, L1, L2Data, R1For the radius of sample uiform section section, R2For the radius at sample two ends, L1For
The half of sample uiform section section total length, L2For sample variable cross-section segment length；During following calculation, for ease of calculating,
Using mm, the dimension of g, ms, i.e. dimensional units are mm, and mass unit is g, and unit of time is ms.Other specification is by calculating system
The unit of one one-tenth mm, g, ms；Such as density p=7850kg/m3=7850 × 103g/(103mm3)=7.85 × 10-3g/mm3。
1.2 calculate length L at sample two ends according to formula (1)3。
2) according to the Specimen for Fatigue Test at Ultrasonic Frequency size value R of aforementioned determination1, R2, L1, L2, L3, it would be desirable to the metal material material base of flaw detection
Material is processed into the circular arc of section containing uiform section Specimen for Fatigue Test at Ultrasonic Frequency 1 as shown in Figure 2, and there is external screw thread 1-1 the one end of sample 1, is used for
It is connected with Ultrasonic Fatigue Test-Bed 2 shown in Fig. 3.
3) by step 2) uiform section section 1-2 of sample 1 that obtains of processing carries out surface Hardening Treatment, it is to avoid and sample is from surface
Cracking.Can be strengthened using bead, the case depth for making sample top layer reaches 0.2mm, also can be by sample etc.
Section polishing grinding is strengthened, and reaches 0.3 μm of surface roughness.
4) sample 1 is arranged on Ultrasonic Fatigue Test-Bed 2 carries out fatigue test, as shown in figure 3, to sample fracture failure
(as shown in Figure 4), general flaw size is bigger, and the process is time-consuming shorter.Sample is unloaded, the sample of failure is drawn completely vertically
It is disconnected.
5) will fail fracture surface of sample microscope or scanning electron microscopic observation, be measured in fracture surface of sample using PaintShop
Flaw size.
Embodiment 1
By taking a kind of welding steel as an example, its commissure is detected a flaw.
1) welding steel elastic modulus E=206GPa, density p=7850kg/m are measured3。
2) the circular arc Specimen for Fatigue Test at Ultrasonic Frequency size of section containing uiform section for flaw detection is designed.Size ginseng is drafted in advance
Number：Half L of sample variable cross-section section total length1=15mm, sample variable cross-section segment length L2=5mm, the radius of sample uiform section section
R1=2mm, the radius R at sample two ends2=5mm.Length L at sample two ends can be calculated by computing formula (1)3=
12.16mm。
3) according to the dimensional parameters L of design1, L2, L3, R1, R2Welding steel blank is processed into into the circular arc of section containing uiform section
Specimen for Fatigue Test at Ultrasonic Frequency, allows weld seam to be located at sample middle.
4) the uiform section section of the sample to processing is polished polishing, reaches 0.3 μm of surface roughness.
5) sample is arranged in Ultrasonic Fatigue Test-Bed carries out Ultrasonic fatigue testing, as shown in figure 3, arrange sample often shaking
Dynamic 200ms then rests 600ms, allows sample to have the sufficient time to radiate.Sample is through 1.05 × 106Rupture after the circulation of cycle,
It is time-consuming only 3.5 minutes.Sample is unloaded, and the sample of failure is broken completely vertically.
6) fracture surface of sample microscope or scanning electron microscopic observation, it can be seen that the internal flaw of material is oval pore,
As shown in Figure 5, flaw size diameter is about 0.1mm.
Embodiment 2
By taking a kind of high-strength motor spring steel as an example, it is detected a flaw.
1) spring steel elastic modulus E=206GPa, density p=7850kg/m are measured3。
2) the circular arc Specimen for Fatigue Test at Ultrasonic Frequency size of section containing uiform section for flaw detection is designed.Size ginseng is drafted in advance
Number：Half L of sample variable cross-section section total length1=18mm, sample variable cross-section segment length L2=5mm, the radius of sample uiform section section
R1=2mm, the radius R at sample two ends2=5mm.By the length that sample two ends can be can be calculated according to computing formula (1)
L3=10.02mm.
3) according to the dimensional parameters L of design1, L2, L3, R1, R2Spring steel blank is processed into into the circular arc of section containing uiform section to surpass
Acoustic fatigue sample.
4) the uiform section section of the sample to processing carries out bead, makes the case depth of sample uiform section segment table layer
Reach 0.2mm.
5) sample is arranged in Ultrasonic Fatigue Test-Bed carries out Ultrasonic fatigue testing, as shown in figure 3, arrange sample often shaking
Dynamic 200ms then rests 200ms.Sample is through 1.35 × 108Rupture after the circulation of cycle, take about 3.75 hours.Unload sample,
And completely break the sample of failure vertically.
6) fracture surface of sample microscope or scanning electron microscopic observation, as shown in Figure 6, it can be seen that the internal flaw of material is micro-
Little field trash, defects with diameters is about 4.9 μm, as shown in fig. 7, the sem energy spectrum analysis display defect of field trash be containing
The nonmetal oxide of Al and Ca.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of metal material inside tiny flaw detection method, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
1) according to the elastic modelling quantity of metal material to be detected a flaw and density value design section be rounded and section containing uiform section and variable cross-section
The Specimen for Fatigue Test at Ultrasonic Frequency of section, specimen size is designed as follows：
Wherein：L3For sample both ends length,ω is angular frequency, and ω=2 π f, f is pilot system frequency, and value is 2.0
×104Hz, c are resonance wave spread speed in the material,；ρ is the density of metal material；E is the bullet of metal material
Property modulus；R1For sample uiform section section radius；R2For sample both ends radius；L1For the half of sample uiform section section total length；L2
For sample variable cross-section segment length
2) sample is arranged on Ultrasonic Fatigue Test-Bed carries out fatigue test, until sample fracture；
3) fracture sample fracture is observed, measures the flaw size in fracture surface of sample, as the greatest drawback size of metal material.
2. according to claim 1 metal material inside tiny flaw detection method, it is characterised in that：The step 2) in,
The uiform section section of sample is carried out into surface Hardening Treatment.
3. metal material according to claim 1 or claim 2 inside tiny flaw detection method, it is characterised in that：The step 2)
In, the uiform section section of sample is carried out into bead, the case depth for making sample top layer reaches 0.1～0.3mm.
4. metal material according to claim 1 or claim 2 inside tiny flaw detection method, it is characterised in that：The step 2)
In, grinding process is polished to sample uiform section section, what is reached makes the surface roughness of sample be 0.2～0.4 μm.
5. metal material according to claim 1 or claim 2 inside tiny flaw detection method, it is characterised in that：The sample
One section is provided with the external screw thread for being connected with Ultrasonic Fatigue Test-Bed.
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| CN201611186892.4A CN106644718A (en) | 2016-12-20 | 2016-12-20 | Method for detecting micro defect inside metal material |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108181170A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-19 | 北京北冶功能材料有限公司 | Steel material crackle forms the stretching fracture determination method of period |
| CN108802432A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-11-13 | 邢台钢铁有限责任公司 | The detection method of large-sized inclusions in high-carbon steel |
| CN109030132A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-12-18 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of creep impairment reference block preparation method, damage detecting method and system |
| JP2020034292A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2020-03-05 | 山陽特殊製鋼株式会社 | Method for predicting maximum inclusion diameter in steel product by ultrasonic fatigue test |
| CN110887731A (en) * | 2018-09-08 | 2020-03-17 | 波音公司 | Method and system for identifying internal flaws in a part produced using additive manufacturing |
| JP2021060428A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-04-15 | 山陽特殊製鋼株式会社 | Prediction method of maximum inclusion diameter in steel by ultrasonic fatigue test, and method for measuring the diameter of non-metal inclusions, which is the starting point of fracture therefor |
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| CN105973983A (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2016-09-28 | 西北工业大学 | Method for designing ultrasonic torsion fatigue testing specimen with uniform section |
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| CN104007245A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-08-27 | 西南交通大学 | Test method for maximum dimensions of non-metallic inclusions in steel-iron material |
| CN204925041U (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-12-30 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | Contain convex supersound fatigue testing specimen of uniform section section |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108181170A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-19 | 北京北冶功能材料有限公司 | Steel material crackle forms the stretching fracture determination method of period |
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| CN109030132A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-12-18 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of creep impairment reference block preparation method, damage detecting method and system |
| CN108802432A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-11-13 | 邢台钢铁有限责任公司 | The detection method of large-sized inclusions in high-carbon steel |
| JP2020034292A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2020-03-05 | 山陽特殊製鋼株式会社 | Method for predicting maximum inclusion diameter in steel product by ultrasonic fatigue test |
| CN110887731A (en) * | 2018-09-08 | 2020-03-17 | 波音公司 | Method and system for identifying internal flaws in a part produced using additive manufacturing |
| JP2021060428A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-04-15 | 山陽特殊製鋼株式会社 | Prediction method of maximum inclusion diameter in steel by ultrasonic fatigue test, and method for measuring the diameter of non-metal inclusions, which is the starting point of fracture therefor |
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Effective date of registration: 20170703 Address after: 430083, Hubei Wuhan Qingshan District Factory No. 2 Gate joint stock company organs Applicant after: Wuhan iron and Steel Company Limited Address before: 430083 Qingshan District, Hubei, Wuhan Applicant before: WUHAN IRON AND STEEL CORPORATION |
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Application publication date: 20170510 |