CN112378305B - Cylindrical pin assembling method based on interference magnitude control - Google Patents
Cylindrical pin assembling method based on interference magnitude control Download PDFInfo
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- CN112378305B CN112378305B CN202011205432.8A CN202011205432A CN112378305B CN 112378305 B CN112378305 B CN 112378305B CN 202011205432 A CN202011205432 A CN 202011205432A CN 112378305 B CN112378305 B CN 112378305B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B3/00—Measuring instruments characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B3/46—Plug gauges for internal dimensions with engaging surfaces which are at a fixed distance, although they may be preadjustable
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P11/00—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for
- B23P11/02—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits
- B23P11/025—Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques not otherwise provided for by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluids; by making force fits by using heat or cold
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring diameters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring diameters
- G01B5/12—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring diameters internal diameters
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a cylindrical pin assembling method based on interference amount control, which comprises the following steps of: s1, processing a reference hole model and an inspection gauge rod, and determining a minimum gap delta after the inspection gauge rod is plugged into the reference hole model; s2, processing a high-precision product pin hole and a high-precision product cylindrical pin with multiple outer diameter sizes by using a high-precision machine tool; s3, performing a liquid nitrogen cooling test to determine the relation between the shrinkage lambda of the cylindrical pin and time, and ensuring that the cylindrical pin D5 of the product can be shrunk to D4 or below after liquid nitrogen; s4, performing plug test, and determining a test measuring rod D4 which can be plugged into a product pin hole to the maximum extent; s5, performing liquid nitrogen cooling, and determining the size D5 of the largest product cylindrical pin which can be plugged into the product pin hole according to the minimum interference magnitude mu and the minimum clearance delta required by design; and S6, determining the best product cylindrical pin capable of being matched and selected. The invention relates to a cylindrical pin assembling method based on interference magnitude control, which ensures the assembling accuracy of a cylindrical pin and a pin hole and reduces the influence of a machining site on interference force detection as much as possible.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a cylindrical pin assembling method based on interference magnitude control, and belongs to the technical field of interference force detection in steam turbine assembly.
Background
The cylindric lock and supporting pinhole that uses can be used often in the steam turbine assembly, and the cylindric lock needs cold cover to go into in the pinhole, but this device is higher to the requirement of magnitude of interference, and prior art has following not enough about the control of magnitude of interference: 1. the product is assembled by a rotor and a blade, and a hinge pin hole is drilled on the assembly basis, so that the depth is deep, the two materials are inconsistent, the cylindricity precision cannot be accurately ensured, the product is influenced by the processing field environment, and the size measurement of the inner hole is inaccurate and unstable; 2. in an assembly site, the outer diameter of the cylindrical pin cannot be simply, quickly and accurately measured after liquid nitrogen, and the magnitude of interference cannot be controlled on the premise that the measurement of the inner diameter of the pin hole and the measurement of the outer diameter of the cylindrical pin cannot be accurate; 3. the magnitude of interference cannot be quickly and conveniently detected. Therefore, the invention relates to a cylindrical pin assembling method capable of controlling interference and a corresponding interference detection method, and the accuracy of the interference is ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a cylindrical pin assembling method based on interference magnitude control so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme, comprising the following steps:
a cylindrical pin assembling method based on interference control comprises the following steps:
s1, processing a high-precision hole on a test block to serve as a reference hole model, simultaneously processing a multi-gear-size inspection gauge rod, and determining a minimum gap delta after the multi-gear-size inspection gauge rod is plugged into the reference hole model;
s2, processing a high-precision product pin hole by using a high-precision machine tool, and simultaneously processing a high-precision product cylindrical pin with multiple grades of external diameter sizes;
s3, performing plug test on the check measuring rod manufactured in the step S1 and the product pin hole manufactured in the step S2, and determining a check measuring rod D4 which can be plugged into the product pin hole to the maximum extent;
s4, performing liquid nitrogen cooling sleeve on the product cylindrical pin and the product pin hole manufactured in the step S2 to ensure the minimum interference magnitude mu;
s5, performing a liquid nitrogen cooling test on the product cylindrical pin manufactured in the step S2, determining the relation between the shrinkage lambda of the cylindrical pin and time, ensuring that the shrinkage lambda is larger than the sum of the minimum interference mu and the minimum clearance delta, and ensuring that the product cylindrical pin D5 can be shrunk to D4 or below after liquid nitrogen;
and S6, determining the best product cylindrical pin capable of being matched and selected.
Preferably, step S1 includes the steps of:
s11, vertically processing a high-precision hole on a test block by using a high-precision machine tool to serve as a reference pin hole, wherein the inner diameter of the reference pin hole is the same as that of a product pin hole, and the cylindricity of the reference pin hole is higher than that of the product pin hole;
s12, processing a cylindrical multi-grade size inspection measuring rod on a test block by using a high-precision machine tool;
s13, measuring the inner diameter D2 of the reference pin hole and the outer diameter D1 of the inspection gauge rod in a constant temperature laboratory under the same condition;
s14, inserting test measuring rods with different sizes into the reference pin holes, and measuring the minimum gap delta between the test measuring rods and the reference pin holes, namely D2-D1.
Preferably, step S3 includes the steps of:
s31, selecting test measuring rods with different sizes, and recording the outer diameter D3 of the test measuring rods;
s32, performing plug test on the product pin hole and different test measuring rods, and recording a test measuring rod D4 which can be plugged into the product pin hole to the maximum extent.
Preferably, step S4 includes the steps of:
s41, designing a numerical value of the minimum interference mu, namely 0.003 mm;
s42, performing liquid nitrogen cooling sleeve aiming at the product cylindrical pin and the product pin hole;
s43, determining that the maximum interference mu is less than or equal to 0.008 mm;
s44, force of 80 kilograms is given according to design to detect interference force of the product cylindrical pin, when the interference magnitude mu is smaller than 0.003 mm, the product cylindrical pin is pushed out, the product cylindrical pin with the diameter increased by 0.002 mm is replaced, the step S42 is repeated, and the minimum interference magnitude mu is guaranteed to be larger than or equal to 0.003 mm.
Specifically, in step S4, the interference force is detected by the following steps:
(1) sleeving a product cylindrical pin into a product pin hole in a liquid nitrogen cooling manner;
(2) after the product cylindrical pin is restored to normal temperature, the interference force detection device is stressed on the product cylindrical pin through the tension thrustor, and the bolt is screwed down;
(3) force is applied to the product cylinder pin, and the display table of the thrust-tension meter is observed until the data reaches 80 kilograms given by the design.
Preferably, step S6 includes the steps of:
s61, recording the minimum interference mu required by the design;
s62, recording the minimum gap delta;
and S63, determining the size D5 of the largest product cylindrical pin capable of being inserted into the product pin hole, namely the optimal optional product cylindrical pin size D5 is D4+ mu + delta.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention relates to a cylindrical pin assembling method based on interference magnitude control, wherein a test block and a product are made of the same material, so that the assembling accuracy of a cylindrical pin and a pin hole can be ensured, the influence of a machining field on interference force detection is reduced as much as possible, and the accuracy of the interference magnitude is ensured.
(2) The invention relates to a cylindrical pin assembling method based on interference magnitude control, which avoids measuring the sizes of a product cylindrical pin and a product pin hole after liquid nitrogen is cooled, saves time cost, and can ensure the maximum interference magnitude and the minimum interference magnitude under the condition of not measuring.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
Example 1
A cylindrical pin assembling method based on interference control comprises the following steps:
s1, processing a high-precision hole on a test block to serve as a reference hole model, and simultaneously processing a check gauge rod with multiple sizes, namely dividing the check gauge rod into multiple sections along the axial direction, wherein the diameter size of each section is different.
The specific steps in S1 are as follows:
s11, vertically processing a high-precision hole on a test block by using a high-precision machine tool to serve as a reference pin hole, wherein the inner diameter of the reference pin hole is the same as that of a product pin hole, and the cylindricity of the reference pin hole is higher than that of the product pin hole;
s12, processing a cylindrical multi-grade size inspection measuring rod on a test block by using a high-precision machine tool;
s13, measuring the inner diameter D2 of the reference pin hole and the outer diameter D1 of the inspection measuring rod in a constant temperature laboratory under the same condition, wherein the outer diameter is measured by a micrometer with the precision of 0.0001 mm, and the inner diameter is measured by a micrometer with the precision of 0.001 mm;
s14, inserting test measuring rods with different sizes into the reference pin holes, and measuring the minimum gap delta between the test measuring rods and the reference pin holes, namely D2-D1.
And S2, processing a high-precision product pin hole by using a high-precision machine tool, and simultaneously processing a high-precision product cylindrical pin with multiple grades of external diameter sizes.
And S3, performing plug test on the check measuring rod manufactured in the step S1 and the product pin hole manufactured in the step S2, and determining the check measuring rod D4 which can be plugged into the product pin hole to the maximum extent.
The specific steps in S3 are as follows:
s31, selecting test measuring rods with different sizes, and recording the outer diameter D3 of the test measuring rods;
s32, performing plug test on the product pin hole and different test measuring rods, and recording a test measuring rod D4 which can be plugged into the product pin hole to the maximum extent.
And S4, performing liquid nitrogen cooling sleeve on the product cylindrical pin and the product pin hole manufactured in the step S2 to ensure the minimum interference magnitude mu.
The specific steps in S4 are as follows:
s41, designing a numerical value of the minimum interference mu, namely 0.003 mm;
s42, performing liquid nitrogen cooling sleeve aiming at the product cylindrical pin and the product pin hole;
s43, determining that the maximum interference mu is less than or equal to 0.008 mm;
s44, force of 80 kilograms is given according to design to detect interference force of the product cylindrical pin, when the interference magnitude mu is smaller than 0.003 mm, the product cylindrical pin is pushed out, the product cylindrical pin with the diameter increased by 0.002 mm is replaced, the step S42 is repeated, and the minimum interference magnitude mu is guaranteed to be larger than or equal to 0.003 mm.
Specifically, in step S4, the interference force is detected by the following steps:
(1) sleeving a product cylindrical pin into a product pin hole in a liquid nitrogen cooling manner;
(2) after the product cylindrical pin is restored to normal temperature, the interference force detection device is stressed on the product cylindrical pin through the tension thrustor, and the bolt is screwed down;
(3) force is applied to the product cylinder pin, and the display table of the thrust-tension meter is observed until the data reaches 80 kilograms given by the design.
S5, performing a liquid nitrogen cooling test on the product cylindrical pin manufactured in the step S2, determining the relation between the shrinkage lambda of the cylindrical pin and time, ensuring that the shrinkage lambda is larger than the sum of the minimum interference mu and the minimum clearance delta, and ensuring that the product cylindrical pin D5 can be shrunk to D4 or below after liquid nitrogen.
And S6, determining the best product cylindrical pin capable of being matched and selected.
The specific steps in S6 are as follows:
s61, recording the minimum interference mu required by the design;
s62, recording the minimum gap delta;
and S63, determining the size D5 of the largest product cylindrical pin capable of being inserted into the product pin hole, namely the optimal optional product cylindrical pin size D5 is D4+ mu + delta.
According to the test method, 18 check gauge rods and 10 reference pin holes are selected, two size detection tests are sequentially and respectively carried out, and the outer diameter D1 of the check gauge rods and the inner diameter D2 of the reference pin holes are recorded. Wherein, table 1 and table 2 are the measurement data of two times of the outer diameter of the upper, middle and lower third gears of 18 check gauge rods, and table 3 and table 4 are the measurement data of two times of the inner diameter of 10 reference pin holes.
First dimensional test of 118 dipsticks (outside diameter measurement)
Second dimension test (outside diameter measurement) of 218 proof bars
First inside diameter sizing of Table 310 reference Pin holes
| Sub/mm | Nominal (mm) | One time measurement (mm) | Second measurement (mm) |
| 1 | 8.002 | 8.002 | 8.002 |
| 2 | 8.002 | 8.002 | 8.002 |
| 3 | 8.002 | 8.003 | 8.002 |
| 4 | 8.001 | 8.003 | 8.003 |
| 5 | 8.002 | 8.002 | 8.003 |
| 6 | 8.002 | 8.003 | 8.002 |
| 7 | 8.003 | 8.003 | 8.002 |
| 8 | 8.003 | 8.003 | 8.003 |
| 9 | 8.002 | 8.002 | 8.002 |
| 10 | 8.001 | 8.002 | 8.003 |
Second inside diameter sizing of 410 reference pin holes in Table
In summary, table 1 and table 2 show the measured dimension D1 of the proof mass, table 3 and table 4 show the measured dimension D2 of the reference pin hole, and the data show the minimum clearance δ between the two as D2-D1, and the data show the dimension D4 and the minimum interference μ of the proof mass that can be inserted into the product pin hole at the maximum, and the data show the dimension D5 of the maximum product pin that can be inserted into the product pin hole, i.e., the optimum optional dimension D5 of the product pin as D4+ μ + δ.
Specifically, as can be seen from the measurement data of the well bottom, the measurement data of the check rod, and the plugging of both, the range of the gap to be plugged is 0.003 to 0.005 mm, and the minimum gap δ is 0.003 mm. In addition, the shrinkage lambda at different times after the liquid nitrogen cooling jacket is also different: the shrinkage λ at 10 minutes was 0.001 mm; the shrinkage λ at 20 minutes was 0.013 mm; the shrinkage λ at 30 minutes was 0.015 mm.
While there have been shown and described what are at present considered the fundamental principles and essential features of the invention and its advantages, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (3)
1. The cylindrical pin assembling method based on interference control is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, determining the minimum clearance delta after the inspection measuring rod is plugged into the reference pin hole through the reference pin hole and the inspection measuring rod with multiple sizes
S11, vertically processing a high-precision hole on a test block by using a high-precision machine tool to serve as a reference pin hole, defining the inner diameter of the reference pin hole as D2, wherein the inner diameter of the reference pin hole is the same as that of a product pin hole, and the cylindricity of the reference pin hole is higher than that of the product pin hole;
s12, processing a cylindrical multi-grade inspection measuring rod on a test block by using a high-precision machine tool, and defining the outer diameter of the inspection measuring rod to be D1;
s13, measuring the inner diameter D2 of the reference pin hole and the outer diameter D1 of the inspection gauge rod in a constant temperature laboratory under the same condition;
s14, inserting the test measuring rods with different sizes into the reference pin holes, and measuring the gap D2-D1 between the test measuring rods and the reference pin holes to obtain a minimum gap delta;
s2, processing a high-precision product pin hole by using a high-precision machine tool, and simultaneously processing a high-precision product cylindrical pin with multiple grades of external diameter sizes;
s3, performing plug test on the check gauge rod manufactured in the step S1 and the product pin hole manufactured in the step S2, and defining the maximum outer diameter size of the check gauge rod which can be plugged into the product pin hole as D4;
s4, performing liquid nitrogen cooling sleeving on the product cylindrical pin and the product pin hole manufactured in the step S2, and determining the product cylindrical pin which can be plugged into the product pin hole on the premise of ensuring the minimum interference magnitude mu;
s5, performing a liquid nitrogen cooling test on the product cylindrical pin manufactured in the step S2, wherein the liquid nitrogen cooling test can enable the product cylindrical pin to shrink in size, defining the shrunk product cylindrical pin as D5, measuring shrinkage lambda, determining the relationship between the shrinkage lambda of the product cylindrical pin and time, ensuring that the shrinkage lambda is larger than the sum of the minimum interference mu and the minimum clearance delta, and ensuring that the product cylindrical pin D5 shrinks to D4 and below after liquid nitrogen;
s6, determining the best product cylindrical pin to be matched and selected
S61, recording the minimum interference mu required by the design;
s62, recording the minimum gap delta;
and S63, calculating a numerical value of D5 meeting the formula according to the formula D5, namely D4+ mu + delta, wherein the corresponding numerical value of D5 is the size of the selected optimal product cylindrical pin after the liquid nitrogen cooling test.
2. The cylindrical pin assembling method based on interference control as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S4 includes the steps of:
s41, designing and giving out basic interference magnitude mu1Setting mu10.003 mm;
s42, performing liquid nitrogen cooling sleeve aiming at the product cylindrical pin and the product pin hole;
s43, determining the maximum interference magnitude mu2Less than or equal to 0.008 mm;
s44, according to the design, a force of 80 kilograms is given for detecting the interference force of the product cylindrical pin, the product cylindrical pin is selected to be plugged into the product pin hole, and the interference magnitude mu is measured0When magnitude of interference mu0＜μ1And when the product cylindrical pin is pushed out, replacing the product cylindrical pin with the diameter increased by 0.002 mm, repeating the step S42, and when the product cylindrical pin is plugged into the product pin hole, the interference magnitude mu is0≥μ1When it is time, record the time mu0The minimum interference mu.
3. The cylindrical pin assembling method based on interference control according to claim 2, wherein the interference force is detected in step S44 by the following steps:
(1) sleeving a product cylindrical pin into a product pin hole in a liquid nitrogen cooling manner;
(2) after the product cylindrical pin is restored to normal temperature, the interference force detection device is stressed on the product cylindrical pin through the tension thrustor, and the bolt is screwed down;
(3) and applying force to the cylindrical pin of the product, and observing a display table of the tension-thrust meter until the data reaches 80 kilograms given by the design.
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Address after: 310000 Building 1, No. 608, Kangxin Road, Linping District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Patentee after: Hangzhou Turbine Power Group Co.,Ltd. Address before: No. 357, Shiqiao Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000 Patentee before: HANGZHOU STEAM TURBINE Co.,Ltd. |
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Application publication date: 20210219 Assignee: Hangzhou Steam Turbine Machinery Equipment Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Hangzhou Turbine Power Group Co.,Ltd. Contract record no.: X2022330000771 Denomination of invention: A Method of Cylindrical Pin Assembly Based on Interference Control Granted publication date: 20220524 License type: Common License Record date: 20221226 |