CN101655462A - Apparatus for obtaining water quality information, method and system for recognizing water body eutrophication degree - Google Patents
Apparatus for obtaining water quality information, method and system for recognizing water body eutrophication degree Download PDFInfo
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- CN101655462A CN101655462A CN200910092922A CN200910092922A CN101655462A CN 101655462 A CN101655462 A CN 101655462A CN 200910092922 A CN200910092922 A CN 200910092922A CN 200910092922 A CN200910092922 A CN 200910092922A CN 101655462 A CN101655462 A CN 101655462A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses an apparatus for obtaining water quality information, a method ans system for recognizing water body eutrophication degree. The apparatus includes LED lamps arranged around a filter uniformly for emitting given wavelengths; a filter for blocking light beams except the given wavelengths to collect an optical image; and a CCD light sensor for transforming the opticalimage transmitted to the surface of the CCD light sensor into an electric signal. The technical scheme of the invention is capable of rapidly, high efficiently and conveniently obtaining images with high space resolution and high time resolution, and implementing multidata monitoring and evaluation of the water body entrophication by processing and analyzing the image. The cost of the apparatus islow, and operation is convenient. The invention is capable of replacing laboratory analysis methods or providing assistant support for the laboratory analysis methods, arranging sampling points reasonably and reducing the usage of chemical agents, and overcoming abuses caused by collecting data using remote sensing satellites.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the body eutrophication research field, be specifically related to a kind of real-time deriving means of water quality information that is used for water body eutrophication degree identification, and based on the water body eutrophication degree recognition methods and the system of image processing techniques.
Background technology
China's lake eutrophication incident is outburst again and again in recent years, and lake aquatic attitude environment, resident living environment, economic development etc. have all been brought certain restriction.From the whole country, the lake, city all has been in serious rice-nutrient or moderate eutrophication state, and most big-and-middle-sized lakes have all possessed the conditioned disjunction that eutrophication takes place and have been in the eutrophication state, and blue-green algaes such as Taihu Lake, Chaohu, Dian Chi frequently break out.After the fresh water eutrophication, the clad can thing waterborne " wawter bloom " that algae or planktonic organism cause is frequent to be occurred, and the drinking water source is on the hazard, and the algae toxin influences aquatic organism and human beings'health by food chain, brings tremendous loss or disaster for the mankind and nature.Reinforcement is set up a cover efficient water eutrophication degree recognition methods system and technical scheme and is pressed for the strick precaution and the control of body eutrophication.
At present, body eutrophication evaluation and monitoring that China carries out, mainly sample with water body, multinomial ecological factor investigation, the lab analysis of key index is main, and proposes principal component analysis (PCA) nutrition degree method (step analysis), related weighing nutritional status index method body eutrophication analyzing and evaluating pattern.Along with improving constantly of the sensor performance of remote sensing satellite, Chinese scholars begins to utilize the remote sensing means to carry out water quality assessment work gradually,
Yet, internal water bulk optics characteristic complexity, it not only is subjected to the influence of phytoplankton, under the superficial situation of water body, also will consider the influence of water-bed material to the water body optical property.Compare with the ocean water colour remote sensing of stepping into the practicability stage, the remote sensing monitoring of landlocked water body is a difficult point all the time.And because remote sensing satellite self is subjected to certain restriction in the time of monitoring, space, resolution etc.For example, the time in the same place of remote sensing satellite process is subjected to the restriction of its airborne period, the quality of images acquired is subjected to the restriction of weather conditions, when pressing for when some lakes are monitored, it is overhead that satellite is positioned at this point, but because weather conditions can not obtain image, so just need the next one to pass by the cycle, in addition because the height of satellite is higher relatively, light wave is comparatively serious in the energy loss midway from the water body to the sensor and various refraction, reflection, and image resolution ratio is lower.
Pixel seldom is made up of single and uniform atural object in the remote sensing image, all is the mixture of several atural objects generally.Therefore the spectral signature of pixel is not the spectral signature of single atural object in the image, but the mixing of several spectral characteristic of ground reflection.It causes puzzlement to decipher.In this case, no matter mixed pixel directly belongs to any typical feature, all is wrong, because it at least not exclusively belongs to this typical feature.
In addition, the method for utilizing the water body sampling chamber of experimentizing to analyze, for the extensive water body of distribution range, the rationality of sampling point distributions and the factors such as time of sampling are all most important, and sample also can change along with people's subjective behavior.Because the flowability of water body, single water body feature constantly of single-point can not accurately reflect the situation of whole basin body eutrophication.To carry out the repeatedly sampling of same position for this reason, thereby the lab analysis result data is averaged.
From then on as can be seen, requirement can not be satisfied fast, be estimated efficiently, really to the water body eutrophication degree recognition methods of prior art.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of can reaching that the quick, efficient, true of body eutrophication resolved, and provide a kind of and obtain high-resolution, as the to be used for water body eutrophication degree identification real-time deriving means of water quality information, and a cover is based on the body eutrophication identification degree method and system of image processing techniques.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides the real-time deriving means of a kind of water quality information, comprising:
The LED lamp is evenly distributed on around the optical filter, is used for sending certain wavelengths as light source;
Optical filter is embedded on this device, is used for the light beyond certain wavelengths, to gather optical imagery;
The CCD photoreceptor is installed on this device, and the optical imagery that is used for being transmitted to CCD photoreceptor surface is converted to electric signal.
Wherein, this device can also comprise analog to digital converter 4, is used for electric signal is carried out analog to digital conversion.
Wherein, this device can also comprise DSP (digital signal processing, digital signal processing) chip, is used for the conversion of signals after the analog to digital converter conversion is become the picture signal of suitable Computer Processing.
Wherein, optical filter can be 4, is numbered 1～4 respectively, correspondingly, certain wavelengths can be 4 wave bands, is numbered 4 wave bands that 1～4 4 tablet filters are seen through and is followed successively by: 0.450-0.515 μ m, 0.63-0.69 μ m, 0.775-0.90 μ m, 2.08-2.35 μ m.
The present invention also provides a kind of water body eutrophication degree recognition methods based on image processing techniques, may further comprise the steps:
S1 utilizes said apparatus to take water body, and collects the picture signal that is fit to Computer Processing, and is shown as image;
S2 carries out space orientation, measures the spatial data of each exposure station;
S3, memory image signal and spatial data, and to the storage data carry out Flame Image Process;
S4 utilizes the stacked addition of figure, and the special layer that Flame Image Process is obtained superposes.
Wherein, the step of carrying out Flame Image Process among the step S3 can comprise the step that calculates the pollution situation distribution plan:
S311 utilizes spatial data, according to the volume coordinate of each pixel in the vertical range computed image of water body;
S312, it is colored synthetic to carry out vacation by the image that 1,3, No. 4 optical filter generates, obtain composograph, a pollution-free zone selecting the composograph correspondence is as reference area, obtain mean value X, with the end member of this mean value as pollution-free zone by pixel in the image of 1,3, No. 4 optical filter generation;
S313 deducts mean value X respectively with each pixel of composograph, and the value that obtains departs from the tolerance in pollution-free zone as polluted-water;
S314 selects in all pixels of described composograph the pixel with the difference maximum of mean value X, carries out mixed pixel and decomposes, and obtains described pollution situation distribution plan.
Wherein, the step of carrying out Flame Image Process among the step S3 can comprise and obtains the step that nutritive salt pollutes special layer:
S321 chooses training area, and the mean value of choosing different pixels from described training area is as the reference pixel; Perhaps utilize the edge vertices position of wave band scatter diagram to choose with reference to end member;
S322 selects to add the end member in uncontaminated zone with reference to the component of end member as end member, select 2 end members altogether, and the setting window size is a 3*3 pixel;
S323 carries out mixed pixel and decomposes, and calculates the percentage value that each pixel belongs to each end member pollution category, obtains the abundance image that pixel belongs to each end member pollution category.
Wherein, the step of carrying out Flame Image Process among the step S3 can comprise the step that obtains the chlorophyll concentration distribution plan: utilize the ratio of two waveband reflectivity to draw the distribution plan of chlorophyll concentration.
The present invention also provides a kind of water body eutrophication degree recognition system, comprising:
Above-mentioned apparatus for obtaining water quality information is used to collect the picture signal that is fit to Computer Processing, and generates display image;
The GPS module is used to carry out space orientation, measures the spatial data of each exposure station; And
Image processing module is used for picture signal and spatial data are stored, and the data of storage are carried out Flame Image Process.
Wherein, this system can also comprise storer, is used for memory image signal and spatial data.
Technical scheme of the present invention has designed the apparatus for obtaining water quality information that can obtain high spatial resolution, high time resolution image fast by spectral characteristic and the optical filter that utilizes atural object, and utilize GPS (Global Positioning System, GPS) obtains coordinate in real time, carry out image acquisition, storage, processing, analysis, thereby realized the multidate monitoring of body eutrophication; Second, because the data of being gathered are high spatial resolution images, when enough hour of pixel, can be similar to and think that a kind of object spectrum forms, and the camera site is nearer apart from water body, reduced the influence of atmosphere radiation, scattering, therefore can real more reaction water body characteristics, equipment cost is lower, operation is convenient; Once more, technical scheme of the present invention can replace the lab analysis method or support for the lab analysis method provides auxiliary, rationally lay sampled point, reduce the use amount of chemical agent, and this method has overcome the drawback of utilizing the remote sensing satellite data acquisition to exist, has improved the room and time resolution of image.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural drawing of the apparatus for obtaining water quality information of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is structural drawing and this system use signal on water body of the water body eutrophication degree recognition system of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram of the water body eutrophication degree recognition methods of embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 is the structural drawing of the apparatus for obtaining water quality information of the embodiment of the invention.As shown in Figure 1, a kind of apparatus for obtaining water quality information, in the present embodiment, it can be a kind of high-resolution camera, it comprises:
LED lamp 1 is evenly distributed on around the optical filter, is used for sending certain wavelengths as light source; The device of the embodiment of the invention takes into full account various working environments, as, lacking the normal operative condition of the situation lower device of light at the cloudy day, special design is sent the LED miniature bulb of specific wavelength as light source; This certain wavelengths is 4 kinds of wavelength coverages, is followed successively by: 0.450-0.515 μ m, 0.63-0.69 μ m, 0.775-0.90 μ m, 2.08-2.35 μ m.
Optical filter 2 is embedded on the apparatus for obtaining water quality information, is used for the light beyond certain wavelengths, to gather optical imagery;
CCD (Charge Coupled Device, charge-coupled image sensor) photoreceptor 3 is installed on the apparatus for obtaining water quality information, and the optical imagery that is used for being transmitted to CCD photoreceptor surface is converted to electric signal.
Wherein, apparatus for obtaining water quality information can also comprise analog to digital converter 4, is used for the electric signal from CCD is carried out analog to digital conversion; Digital signal processing chip 5 is used for the picture signal with the suitable Computer Processing of conversion of signals one-tenth after analog to digital converter 4 conversions; And the line collecting plate that carries out Current Control and distribution, usb data transmission line (not shown).
Wherein, optical filter can be 4, be numbered 1～4 respectively, correspondingly, certain wavelengths can be the wavelength of 4 kinds of wavelength coverages, is numbered 4 kinds of wavelength coverages that 1～4 4 tablet filters are seen through and is followed successively by: 0.450-0.515 μ m, 0.63-0.69 μ m, 0.775-0.90 μ m, 2.08-2.35 μ m.
The present invention also provides a kind of water body eutrophication degree recognition system based on image processing techniques, comprising:
Above-mentioned apparatus for obtaining water quality information, for example camera 6, are used to collect the picture signal that is fit to Computer Processing, and generate display image;
GPS module 7 is used to carry out space orientation, measures the spatial data of each exposure station; And
Image processing module 8 is used for picture signal and spatial data are stored, and the data of storage are carried out Flame Image Process.
Wherein, this system can also comprise storer 9, is used for memory image signal and spatial data.
The present invention also provides a kind of water body eutrophication degree recognition methods based on image processing techniques, may further comprise the steps:
S1 utilizes above-mentioned apparatus for obtaining water quality information shooting at close range water body, and collects the picture signal that is fit to Computer Processing, and is shown as image, shows on computer screen; Carrying out with optical filter in the process of sensitization, after the camera sensitization under the optical filter was finished, next optical filter of quick automatic switching finished until whole collection of the view data of all optical filters, begins to enter next sampled point.
S2 carries out space orientation, measures the spatial data of each exposure station, for example uses the GPS module to carry out;
S3, memory image signal and spatial data, and with the storage data carry out Flame Image Process, for example, can handle by the pattern process module that USB interface is sent in the computing machine.Wherein, behind the memory image signal, image can be proofreaied and correct, merged and inlays, and utilize the sorting algorithm of self study to carry out the no supervised classification of image.
S4 utilizes the stacked addition of figure, and for example GIS (geographical information system, Geographic Information System) schemes the stacked analytical approach that adds, and the special layer that Flame Image Process is obtained superposes.
Wherein, the step of carrying out Flame Image Process among the step S3 can comprise the step that calculates pollution situation percent profile figure:
S311 utilizes spatial data, according to the volume coordinate of each pixel in the vertical range computed image of water body;
S312, it is colored synthetic to carry out vacation by the image that 1,3, No. 4 optical filter generates, obtain composograph, from visual angle, a limpid zone selecting composograph is as region of interest, obtain respectively the mean value X of pixel in the image that generates by 1,3, No. 4 optical filter, with the end member of this mean value as uncontaminated zone;
S313 deducts mean value X respectively with each pixel of composograph, and the value that obtains departs from the tolerance in uncontaminated zone as polluted-water;
S314 selects in all pixels of described composograph the pixel with mean value X difference maximum, carries out mixed pixel and decomposes, and obtains described pollution situation percent profile figure.
Wherein, the step of carrying out Flame Image Process among the step S3 can comprise the step that obtains nutritive salt pollution figure layer:
S321 when choosing serious eutrophication end member (polluting the most serious zone) from image, utilizes by hand and chooses training area, and the mean value of choosing different pixels from training area is as the reference pixel; Perhaps utilize the edge vertices position of wave band scatter diagram to choose with reference to end member;
S322, selection is with reference to the component of end member as end member, add the end member in uncontaminated zone, select 2 end members altogether, and in conjunction with the spectrogram of atural object, select the training pixel of correct pure pixel as end member as far as possible, consider the homogeneity of image atural object and the calculated amount consumption of algorithm simultaneously, setting window size is 3*3 pixel;
S323 carries out mixed pixel and decomposes, and calculates the possibility that each pixel belongs to nutritive salt pollution categories such as nitrogen, phosphorus, obtains the abundance image that each pixel belongs to each end member pollution category.
Wherein, the step of carrying out Flame Image Process among the step S3 can comprise the step that obtains the chlorophyll concentration distribution plan: at red spectral band one absorption peak is arranged according to chlorophyll a in the water body, increase along with chlorophyll concentration, the ruddiness of outgoing will reduce from water body, and the reflectivity of near-infrared band water body is not influenced by pigment absorption basically, so the ratio R 1/R2 of two waveband reflectivity can reflect the information of chlorophyll concentration.Therefore, utilize the distribution plan of the ratio R 1/R2 drafting chlorophyll concentration of two waveband reflectivity.
This shows, embodiments of the present invention have designed the camera that can obtain high spatial resolution, high time resolution image fast by spectral characteristic and the optical filter that utilizes atural object, and utilize GPS to obtain coordinate in real time, carry out image acquisition, storage, processing, analysis, thereby realized the multidate monitoring of body eutrophication; Second, because the data of being gathered are high-definition picture, when enough hour of pixel, can be similar to and think that a kind of object spectrum forms, and the camera site is nearer apart from water body, reduced the influence of atmosphere radiation, scattering, therefore can real more reaction water body characteristics, equipment cost is lower, operation is convenient; Once more, technical scheme of the present invention can replace the lab analysis method or be provided as the auxiliary support of lab analysis method, carry out the reasonable setting of sampled point, reduce the use amount of chemical agent, and this method has overcome the drawback of utilizing the remote sensing satellite data acquisition to exist, has improved the resolution of image.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvement and modification, these improve and modification also belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of apparatus for obtaining water quality information, it comprises:
The LED lamp is evenly distributed on around the optical filter, is used for sending certain wavelengths as light source;
Optical filter is used for the light beyond described certain wavelengths, to gather optical imagery;
The CCD photoreceptor, the optical imagery that is used for being transmitted to described CCD photoreceptor surface is converted to electric signal.
2, apparatus for obtaining water quality information as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described device also comprises analog to digital converter, is used for the described electric signal from described CCD photoreceptor is carried out analog to digital conversion.
3, apparatus for obtaining water quality information as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described device also comprises digital signal processing chip, is used for the conversion of signals after the described analog to digital converter conversion is become the picture signal of suitable Computer Processing.
4, apparatus for obtaining water quality information as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described optical filter is 4, be numbered 1～4 respectively, correspondingly, described certain wavelengths is 4 wave bands, is numbered 4 wave bands that 1～4 4 tablet filters are seen through and is followed successively by: 0.450-0.515 μ m, 0.63-0.69 μ m, 0.775-0.90 μ m, 2.08-2.35 μ m.
5, a kind of water body eutrophication degree recognition methods may further comprise the steps:
S 1, utilizes the arbitrary described device of claim 1 to 4 to take water body, and collects the picture signal that is fit to Computer Processing, and be shown as image;
S2 carries out space orientation, measures the spatial data of each exposure station;
S3 stores described picture signal and described spatial data, and the data of storage are carried out Flame Image Process;
S4 utilizes the stacked addition of figure, and the special layer that Flame Image Process is obtained superposes.
6, water body eutrophication degree recognition methods as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, the step of carrying out Flame Image Process among the described step S3 comprises the step that calculates the pollution situation distribution plan:
S311 utilizes described spatial data, according to the volume coordinate of calculating each pixel in the described image apart from the vertical range of water body;
S312, it is colored synthetic to carry out vacation by the image that 1,3, No. 4 optical filter generates, obtain composograph, a pollution-free zone selecting the composograph correspondence is as reference area, obtain mean value X, with the end member of this mean value as described pollution-free zone by pixel in the image of 1,3, No. 4 optical filter generation;
S313 deducts described mean value X respectively with each pixel of described composograph, and the value that obtains departs from the tolerance in pollution-free zone as polluted-water;
S314 selects in the described composograph pixel pixel with the difference maximum of mean value X, carries out mixed pixel and decomposes, and obtains described pollution situation distribution plan.
7, water body eutrophication degree recognition methods as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, the step of carrying out Flame Image Process among the described step S3 comprises the step that obtains nutritive salt pollution special layer:
S321 chooses training area, and the mean value of choosing different pixels from described training area is as the reference pixel; Perhaps utilize the edge vertices position of wave band scatter diagram to choose with reference to end member;
S322 selects describedly with reference to the component of end member as end member, adds the end member in uncontaminated zone, selects 2 end members altogether, and to set window size be 3*3 pixel;
S323 carries out mixed pixel and decomposes, and calculates the percentage value that each pixel belongs to the nutritive salt pollution category, obtains the abundance image that each pixel belongs to each end member pollution category.
8, water body eutrophication degree recognition methods as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that the step of carrying out Flame Image Process among the described step S3 comprises the step that obtains the chlorophyll concentration distribution plan: the distribution plan that utilizes the ratio drafting chlorophyll concentration of two waveband reflectivity.
9, a kind of water body eutrophication degree recognition system comprises:
The arbitrary described device of claim 1 to 4 is used to collect the picture signal that is fit to Computer Processing, and generates display image;
The GPS module is used to carry out space orientation, measures the spatial data of each exposure station; And
Image processing module is used to store described picture signal and described spatial data, and the data of storage are carried out Flame Image Process.
10, water body eutrophication degree recognition system as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, described system also comprises storer, is used to store described picture signal and described spatial data.
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