CN107102003B - Monitoring system and method for bloom blue algae simulation experiment - Google Patents
Monitoring system and method for bloom blue algae simulation experiment Download PDFInfo
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- CN107102003B CN107102003B CN201710536750.4A CN201710536750A CN107102003B CN 107102003 B CN107102003 B CN 107102003B CN 201710536750 A CN201710536750 A CN 201710536750A CN 107102003 B CN107102003 B CN 107102003B
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
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Abstract
The invention provides a monitoring system for a bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, which comprises the following components: the culture device is used for containing sediment containing cyanobacteria in a dormancy stage and a water body at a sampling point; the imaging devices are uniformly arranged outside the side wall of the culture device layer by layer and are used for shooting growth images of blue algae in different water layers in the culture device at different time points; the remote monitoring device is connected with the imaging device and is used for receiving and processing the images transmitted by the imaging device and obtaining characteristic parameters of blue algae floccules positioned on different water body layers at different time points in the water bloom explosion process. The invention also provides a monitoring method for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment. The monitoring system for the water bloom blue algae simulation experiment provided by the invention can quickly and comprehensively master the explosion information of the water bloom blue algae and know the explosion mechanism of the water bloom blue algae.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of simulated growth of aquatic plants, in particular to a monitoring system and a monitoring method for a simulated experiment of water bloom blue algae.
Background
Algal bloom is currently one of the most prominent worldwide water environmental problems, and becomes increasingly serious as global economies develop and the effects of human activity expand. The phenomenon of bloom blue algae in China is particularly serious, and bloom occurs in most rivers, lakes and even reservoirs to different degrees, and lake bloom bursts such as Taihu lake, dian pond and Chaohu lake occur more frequently. The bloom-forming cyanobacteria phenomenon is frequently generated for a long time in a large area, so that not only the lake function and the ecological environment are destroyed, but also the human health and the safety of life drinking water are threatened, and the bloom-forming cyanobacteria phenomenon becomes one of the main environmental problems puzzling the sustainable development of Chinese economy. However, at present, the formation mechanism of the bloom-forming cyanobacteria is not completely clear, and the bloom-forming cyanobacteria is still in a deep exploration stage.
The blue algae has the advantage that the blue algae form water bloom, namely, the blue algae have a structure for regulating cell sedimentation, namely, pseudo-air cells, and the buoyancy of the blue algae can be controlled by dynamically regulating the number and the volume of air bags in the pseudo-air cells. Based on the unique physiological characteristics (such as cell population formation caused by extracellular polysaccharide secreted by cells, and physiological tendency of cells to float to the water surface due to pseudo-cavitation), blue algae form a flocculation large population through collision under a series of conditions of light intensity, temperature, wave disturbance and the like, and quickly float to form surface visible bloom, namely bloom "burst". It is generally believed that the formation of bloom-forming cyanobacteria involves four distinct and sequential processes: sinking and overwintering (dormancy), resuscitating, biomass increasing, gathering and floating up to form water bloom, and knowing that blue algae resuscitates and bursts has important significance in water bloom early warning and control.
Because the recovery process of the bloom-forming cyanobacteria is quite complex, and because of the limitation of a field monitoring technology, the recovery process of the bloom-forming cyanobacteria and the process from the bottom mud entering the water body to the burst floating up still do not have complete knowledge. Therefore, under the condition that the problem of the water bloom blue algae is difficult to be fundamentally solved in a short period, the method and the device for simulating and researching the abnormal growth of the blue algae are particularly important for rapidly and comprehensively grasping the information of the water bloom blue algae.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide an experimental simulation monitoring system capable of simulating the water bloom blue algae resuscitating and floating process in a laboratory, and a method for calculating related parameters and three-dimensional simulation demonstration of the water bloom explosion process by monitoring and shooting the water bloom blue algae resuscitating and forming process through three layers of upper, middle and lower layers of a high-resolution microscopic digital imaging device. By grasping the process and characteristics of the blue algae in the underwater resuscitating growth, a three-dimensional demonstration diagram simulating the water bloom explosion is prepared, an experimental basis is provided for further understanding the basic rule of migration from bottom mud to water in the water bloom blue algae resuscitating period, the migration and specific layering distribution mechanism of blue algae groups in the water body in the water bloom forming process are known, and accurate data and technical support are provided for further making forecast and preventing the blue algae explosion.
A monitoring system for a bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, comprising:
the culture device is used for containing sediment containing cyanobacteria in a dormancy stage and a water body at a sampling point;
the imaging devices are uniformly arranged outside the side wall of the culture device layer by layer and are used for shooting growth images of blue algae in different water body layers in the culture device at different time points;
the remote monitoring device is connected with the imaging device and is used for receiving and processing the images transmitted by the imaging device and obtaining characteristic parameters of blue algae floccules positioned on different water body layers at different time points in the water bloom explosion process.
In the monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, as a preferred embodiment, the characteristic parameters of the cyanobacteria floccules are a projection area A, a maximum perimeter P and a maximum length L of the cyanobacteria floccules.
In the monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, as a preferred implementation manner, an outer jacket device is sleeved outside the culture device, a gap is reserved between the culture device and the side wall of the outer jacket device, and the gap is used for flowing water to regulate and control the temperature of the water body in the culture device; preferably, the distance between the side walls of the culture device and the outer jacket device is 10-15 cm (e.g. 10.5mm, 11mm, 12mm, 13mm, 14mm, 14.5 mm).
In the monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, as a preferred embodiment, the system further comprises a circulating water supply device which is communicated with the gap between the culture device and the side wall of the outer jacket device so as to supply water with a specific temperature into the gap, more preferably, the outlet of the circulating water supply device is connected with the inlet of the outer jacket device, and the outlet of the outer jacket device is connected with the inlet of the circulating water supply device.
In the monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, as a preferred embodiment, the circulating water supply device includes: a water tank; a temperature adjusting element arranged on the water tank; the temperature probe is arranged in the water tank and used for detecting the water temperature in the water tank; the temperature controller is arranged outside the water tank and is respectively connected with the temperature probe and the temperature regulating element, and the temperature regulating element is controlled to regulate the water temperature in the water tank according to the information fed back by the temperature probe; preferably, the water outlet temperature of the water tank is 10-40 ℃ (such as 11 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃, 35 ℃, 39 ℃).
In the monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, as a preferred implementation manner, the culture device is a cube cylinder with an opening on the top surface, and the culture device is made of transparent organic glass; preferably, the wall thickness of the culture device is 7-9mm (e.g., 7.5mm, 8mm, 8.5 mm).
In the monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, as a preferred implementation manner, the outer jacket device is a cube cylinder with an opening on the top surface, and is made of transparent PE material or glass; preferably, the wall thickness of the outer jacket means is 7-9mm (e.g. 7.5mm, 8mm, 8.5 mm).
More preferably, the outer surfaces of the peripheral wall and the bottom wall of the outer jacket device are coated with black pigment so as to make the peripheral wall and the bottom wall of the culture device airtight and impermeable to light.
In the monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, as a preferred implementation manner, a plurality of through holes are arranged on the peripheral side walls of the outer jacket device, penetrate through the outer jacket device and extend to the outer wall surface of the culture device along the inner wall of the outer jacket device; the imaging device is arranged in the through hole; the sizes of the through holes are matched with those of the imaging devices, and the number of the imaging devices is the same as that of the through holes; more preferably, the imaging device is disposed in the through hole by a bracket.
Preferably, 3 layers of mutually parallel through holes are formed in the side wall of the outer jacket device along the circumferential direction of the outer jacket device, 12 through holes are uniformly formed in each layer, and a first layer of through holes in the 3 layers of through holes are arranged near the bottom of the culture device so that the imaging device can shoot images of blue algae in the recovery period; the second layer of through holes are arranged in the middle of the water body in the culture device, so that the imaging device shoots images of blue algae in the floating period; the third layer of through holes are arranged on the upper part of the water body in the culture device, so that the imaging device can shoot that blue algae gather on the water surface to form an image of water bloom.
In the monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, as a preferred implementation manner, the imaging device is a high-resolution microscopic digital imaging device; the high-resolution microscopic digital imaging device is preferably a 500-ten-thousand-pixel color CMOS progressive scanning image sensor; preferably, the remote monitoring device is a computer processor; a microscopic digital analysis and measurement system is arranged in the computer processor; the microscopic digital analysis and measurement system is preferably an Mingmei microscopic digital imaging system V9.5.2; more preferably, at least one of image stitching, image overlaying and three-dimensional animation software is further provided in the computer processor.
In the monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, as a preferred embodiment, the system further comprises: the illumination intensity control device is arranged right above the culture device and is used for providing illumination for the culture device; preferably, the illumination intensity control device is formed by connecting a plurality of fluorescent lamps in parallel, each fluorescent lamp is provided with a switch, one switch controls one fluorescent lamp, and the illumination intensity is controlled by controlling the starting quantity of the fluorescent lamps;
preferably, the illumination intensity of the illumination intensity control device is 0 to 10000lux (such as 100lux, 500lux, 1000lux, 2000lux, 3000lux, 4000lux, 5000lux, 6000lux, 7000lux, 8000lux, 9000lux, 9500lux, 9900 lux).
In the monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, as a preferred implementation manner, the system further comprises air supply equipment, wherein the air supply equipment comprises a blower and a wind speed measuring instrument; the air blower is arranged above the culture device and is used for providing certain wind for the culture device; preferably, the blower is a movable device to freely adjust the height and angle of the blower to control the wind speed and direction of the blower; the wind speed measuring instrument is arranged close to the water surface of the culture device and is used for measuring the wind speed of the water surface of the culture device; preferably, the wind speed of the water surface of the culture device is 0-3.5 m/s (such as 0.1m/s, 0.5m/s, 1.0m/s, 1.5m/s, 2.0m/s, 2.5m/s, 3.0m/s, 3.4 m/s).
In the monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, as a preferred implementation manner, the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio of the water body in the culture device is 1-40: 1 (e.g., 2:1, 5:1, 10:1, 15:1, 20:1, 25:1, 30:1, 35:1, 39:1).
A monitoring method for a bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment sequentially comprises the following steps:
firstly, acquiring growth images of blue algae positioned in different water layers in a culture device at different time points by adopting an imaging device, and transmitting the growth images to a remote monitoring device;
step two, preprocessing the growth image by adopting a first processing system in the remote monitoring device so as to make the growth image clearer;
analyzing and measuring blue algae flocculating constituent in the pretreated growth image by adopting a second processing system in the remote monitoring device to obtain characteristic parameters of the blue algae flocculating constituent in each water body layer at different time points, wherein the characteristic parameters are projection area A, maximum perimeter P and maximum length L of the blue algae flocculating constituent;
calculating a one-dimensional fractal dimension D1, a two-dimensional fractal dimension D2 and a three-dimensional fractal dimension D3 of the blue algae flocculating body at the same image acquisition time point of the same water body layer in the water bloom explosion process according to the characteristic parameters of the blue algae flocculating body obtained in the step three by a pre-algorithm;
the pre-algorithm is specifically as follows:
firstly, the projection area A, the maximum perimeter P and the maximum length L of the blue algae flocculating constituent at the same image acquisition time point of the same water body layer are in a relation with the one-dimensional fractal dimension D1, the two-dimensional fractal dimension D2 and the three-dimensional fractal dimension D3 of the blue algae flocculating constituent at the image acquisition time point of the water body layer as shown in the formulas (1) to (3):
P∝L D1 (1)；
A∝L D2 or A.alpha.P D2 (2)；
V∝L D3 Or V.alpha.P D3 (3)；
Wherein V represents the balling volume of the blue algae flocculating constituent, and is obtained by converting the projection area A of the blue algae flocculating constituent, and the specific calculation method is as follows: obtaining the diameter dp (equivalent diameter) of a circle with the same area as the projection area A according to the projection area A of the blue algae flocculating constituent, and calculating the balling volume V of the blue algae flocculating constituent according to the diameter dp;
then, the natural logarithm is taken from both sides of the formulas (1), (2) and (3), and the relational formulas described in formulas (4) to (6) are obtained:
Ln P＝D1·ln L+a (4)；
Ln A＝D2·ln P+b＝D2·ln L+b (5)；
Ln V＝D3·ln P+c＝D3·ln L+c (6)；
then, taking ln P and ln L values corresponding to the blue algae floccules at the same image acquisition time point of the same water body layer as an ln P-ln L linear relation graph, wherein the slope of a straight line is the one-dimensional fractal dimension D1 of the blue algae floccules at the image acquisition time point of the water body layer, and the intercept is a constant a;
taking ln A and ln P or ln A and ln L values corresponding to the blue algae flocculating bodies positioned at the same image acquisition time point of the same water body layer as an ln A-ln P or ln A-ln L linear relation graph, wherein the slope of a straight line is the two-dimensional fractal dimension D2 of the blue algae flocculating bodies at the image acquisition time point of the water body layer, and the intercept is a constant b;
and using Ln V and Ln P or Ln V and Ln L values corresponding to the blue algae flocculating bodies positioned at the same image acquisition time point of the same water body layer to make a Ln V-Ln P or Ln V-Ln L linear relation graph, wherein the slope of a straight line is the three-dimensional fractal dimension D3 of the blue algae flocculating bodies at the image acquisition time point of the water body layer, and the intercept is a constant c.
The monitoring method of the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment further comprises a three-dimensional demonstration animation production step, wherein the method comprises the steps of firstly, performing splicing and overlapping treatment on images which are acquired at the same image acquisition time point and are positioned on the same water body layer, so as to obtain a splicing and overlapping diagram of each image acquisition time point of each water body layer; and then, according to the sequence of the image acquisition time, the spliced superposition graphs of all the water body layers are manufactured into three-dimensional demonstration animations for simulating the cyanobacteria bloom process in different time dimensions.
In the monitoring method of the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, as a preferred implementation manner, the first processing system is a microscopic digital analysis measuring system; the microscopic digital analysis and measurement system is preferably an Mingmei microscopic digital imaging system V9.5.2.
In the monitoring method of the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, as a preferred implementation manner, in the second step, the pretreatment is to sequentially perform noise removal and correction.
In the monitoring method of the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, as a preferred implementation manner, the second processing system is image measurement and analysis software and is used for measuring and analyzing characteristic parameters of cyanobacteria floccules. Preferably, the second processing system is an Ming and Mei microscopic digital imaging system V9.5.2.
In the above water bloom blue algae simulation experiment detection method, as a preferred embodiment, the collecting blue algae growth images at different time points means: the blue algae growth image is shot every 1-2h before the blue algae starts to release, gather and float from the sediment, and every 5-10 minutes when the blue algae starts to release, gather and float from the sediment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the monitoring system for the water bloom blue algae simulation experiment provided by the invention can quickly and comprehensively master the explosion information of the water bloom blue algae and know the explosion mechanism of the water bloom blue algae.
2. By grasping the process and characteristics of the blue algae in the underwater resuscitating growth, a three-dimensional animation demonstration chart simulating the bloom-forming blue algae burst is prepared, an experimental basis is provided for further understanding the basic rule of migration from bottom mud to water in the bloom-forming blue algae resuscitating period, a layered distribution mechanism of migration and aggregation of blue algae groups in the water body in the bloom-forming process is known, and accurate data and technical support are provided for further making forecast and preventing the bloom-forming blue algae burst.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a monitoring system for a bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a monitoring method of a bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment;
the reference numerals are as follows: 1-inner culture cylinder (i.e. culture device), 2-outer jacket cylinder (i.e. outer jacket device), 21-outer jacket cylinder inlet, 22-outer jacket cylinder outlet, 23-through hole, 3-water inlet pipe, 4-water outlet pipe, 5-water tank, 51-water tank inlet, 52-water tank outlet, 53-temperature adjusting element, 6-temperature probe, 7-temperature controller, 8-fluorescent lamp, 9-blower, 10-imaging device, 11-remote monitoring device, 12-circulating water supply device.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a monitoring device for a water bloom blue algae simulation experiment, which is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that these examples are for the purpose of illustrating the invention only and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It is to be understood that various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the disclosure herein, and that such equivalents are intended to fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
The invention provides a monitoring system for a bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, which comprises a culture device 1, an imaging device 10, a remote monitoring device 11 and the like, wherein the components and the connection relations in the system are described one by one, and the system is shown in fig. 1.
A monitoring system for a bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, comprising:
the culture device 1 is used for containing sediment containing cyanobacteria in a dormancy stage and a sampling point water body;
the imaging devices 10 are uniformly arranged outside the side wall of the culture device 1 layer by layer and are used for shooting growth images of blue algae in different water body layers in the culture device 1 at different time points;
the remote monitoring device 11 is connected with the imaging device 10 and is used for receiving and processing the images transmitted by the imaging device 10 and obtaining characteristic parameters of blue algae floccules at different water body layers at different time points in the water bloom explosion process.
Further, in the monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, characteristic parameters of the cyanobacteria floccules are a projection area A, a maximum perimeter P and a maximum length L of the cyanobacteria floccules.
Further, an outer jacket device 2 is sleeved outside the culture device 1, and a gap is reserved between the culture device 1 and the side wall of the outer jacket device 2 and is used for flowing water to regulate and control the temperature of the water body in the culture device 1; preferably, the distance between the side walls of the culture apparatus 1 and the outer jacket apparatus 2 is 10 to 15cm (e.g., 10.5mm, 11mm, 12mm, 13mm, 14mm, 14.5 mm).
Further, in the monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, the system further comprises a circulating water supply device 12 which is communicated with the gap between the culture device 1 and the side wall of the outer jacket device 2 so as to supply water with a specific temperature into the gap, and more preferably, an outlet of the circulating water supply device 12 is connected with an inlet of the outer jacket device 2, and an outlet of the outer jacket device 2 is connected with an inlet of the circulating water supply device 12.
Further, in the monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, the circulating water supply device 12 includes: a water tank 5; a temperature adjusting element 53 provided on the water tank 5; a temperature probe 6, which is arranged in the water tank 5 and is used for detecting the water temperature in the water tank 5; the temperature controller 7 is arranged outside the water tank 5 and is respectively connected with the temperature probe 6 and the temperature regulating element 53, and the temperature regulating element 53 is controlled to regulate the water temperature in the water tank 5 according to the information fed back by the temperature probe 6; preferably, the water outlet temperature of the water tank 5 is 10 to 40 ℃ (e.g. 11 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃, 35 ℃, 39 ℃). The circulating water flowing out from the water tank outlet 52 flows through the inlet pipe 3 and the inlet 21 of the outer jacket cylinder to the space between the culture apparatus 1 and the side wall of the outer jacket apparatus 2, further flows out through the outlet 22 of the outer jacket cylinder, and then flows back to the water tank 5 through the outlet pipe 4 and the water tank inlet 51.
Further, in the monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, the culture device 1 is a cube cylinder with an opening on the top surface, and the culture device 1 is made of transparent organic glass; preferably, the wall thickness of the culture device 1 is 7-9mm (e.g.7.5 mm, 8mm, 8.5 mm).
Further, in the monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, the outer jacket device 2 is a cube cylinder with an opening on the top surface, and the outer jacket device 2 is made of transparent PE material or glass; preferably, the wall thickness of the outer jacket means 2 is 7-9mm (e.g. 7.5mm, 8mm, 8.5 mm).
More preferably, the outer surfaces of the peripheral walls and the bottom wall of the outer jacket means 2 are coated with black pigment so that the peripheral walls and the bottom wall of the culture apparatus 1 are hermetically and light-tight. By the above arrangement, only the top end of the culture apparatus 1 is irradiated with light, which corresponds to the irradiation of a water body such as a lake or the like in which the culture apparatus 1 is arranged. Black pigments are for example black paints.
Further, in the monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, a plurality of through holes 23 are arranged on the peripheral side walls of the outer jacket device 2, and the through holes 23 penetrate through the outer jacket device 2 and extend to the outer wall surface of the culture device 1 along the inner wall of the outer jacket device 2; the imaging device 10 is disposed in the through hole 23; the size of the through holes 23 is matched with the imaging devices 10, and the number of the imaging devices 10 is the same as the number of the through holes 23; more preferably, the imaging device 10 is disposed in the through hole 23 by a holder.
Preferably, 3 layers of mutually parallel through holes 23 are arranged on the side wall of the outer jacket device 2 along the circumferential direction of the outer jacket device 2, 12 through holes 23 are uniformly arranged in each layer, the first layer of through holes 23 is arranged near the bottom of the culture device 1, so that the imaging device 10 can shoot images of blue algae in the reviving period; the second layer of through holes 23 are arranged in the middle of the water body in the culture device 1 so that the imaging device 10 can shoot images of blue algae in the floating period; the third layer of through holes 23 are arranged on the upper part of the water body in the culture device 1 so that the imaging device 10 can shoot the image that blue algae gather on the water surface to form water bloom.
Further, in the monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, the imaging device 10 is a high-resolution microscopic digital imaging device; the high-resolution microscopic digital imaging device is preferably a 500-ten thousand-pixel color CMOS progressive scanning image sensor; preferably, the remote monitoring device 11 is a computer processor; a microscopic digital analysis and measurement system is arranged in the computer processor; the microscopic digital analysis and measurement system is preferably an Mingmei microscopic digital imaging system V9.5.2; more preferably, at least one of image stitching, image overlaying and three-dimensional animation software is also provided within the computer processor.
Further, in the monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, the system further comprises: illumination intensity control means provided directly above the culture apparatus 1 for supplying illumination to the culture apparatus 1; preferably, the illumination intensity control device is formed by connecting a plurality of fluorescent lamps 8 in parallel, each fluorescent lamp 8 is provided with a switch, one switch controls one fluorescent lamp 8, and the illumination intensity is controlled by controlling the starting quantity of the fluorescent lamps 8;
preferably, the illumination intensity of the illumination intensity control apparatus is 0 to 10000lux (such as 100lux, 500lux, 1000lux, 2000lux, 3000lux, 4000lux, 5000lux, 6000lux, 7000lux, 8000lux, 9000lux, 9500lux, 9900 lux).
Further, in the monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, the system also comprises air supply equipment, wherein the air supply equipment comprises a blower 9 and an air speed measuring instrument; a blower 9 is provided above the culture device 1 for supplying a certain wind to the culture device 1; preferably, the blower 9 is a movable device to freely adjust the height and angle of the blower 9 to control the wind speed and direction of the blower 9; the wind speed measuring instrument is arranged close to the water surface of the culture device 1 and is used for measuring the wind speed of the water surface of the culture device 1; preferably, the wind speed of the surface of the water body of the culture apparatus 1 is 0.about.3.5 m/s (e.g., 0.1m/s, 0.5m/s, 1.0m/s, 1.5m/s, 2.0m/s, 2.5m/s, 3.0m/s, 3.4 m/s).
Further, in the monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio of the water body in the culture device 1 is 1-40: 1.
a monitoring method for a bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment sequentially comprises the following steps:
firstly, acquiring growth images of blue algae in different water body layers in the culture device 1 at different time points by adopting an imaging device 10, and transmitting the growth images to a remote monitoring device 11;
secondly, preprocessing a growth image by adopting a first processing system in the remote monitoring device 11 so as to make the growth image clearer;
analyzing and measuring the blue algae flocculating constituent in the pretreated growth image by adopting a second processing system in the remote monitoring device 11 to obtain characteristic parameters of the blue algae flocculating constituent in each water body layer at different time points, wherein the characteristic parameters are a projection area A, a maximum perimeter P and a maximum length L of the blue algae flocculating constituent;
calculating a one-dimensional fractal dimension D1, a two-dimensional fractal dimension D2 and a three-dimensional fractal dimension D3 of the blue algae flocculating body at the same image acquisition time point of the same water body layer in the water bloom explosion process according to the characteristic parameters of the blue algae flocculating body obtained in the step three and a pre-algorithm;
the pre-algorithm is specifically as follows:
firstly, the projection area A, the maximum perimeter P and the maximum length L of blue algae flocculating constituent at the same image acquisition time point of the same water body layer are in a relation with the one-dimensional fractal dimension D1, the two-dimensional fractal dimension D2 and the three-dimensional fractal dimension D3 of the blue algae flocculating constituent at the image acquisition time point of the water body layer as shown in the formulas (1) - (3):
P∝L D1 (1)；
A∝L D2 or A.alpha.P D2 (2)；
V∝L D3 Or V.alpha.P D3 (3)；
Wherein V represents the balling volume of blue algae flocculating constituent, which is obtained by converting projection area A of blue algae flocculating constituent, and the specific calculation method is as follows: obtaining the diameter dp (equivalent diameter) of a circle with the same area as the projection area A from the projection area A of the blue algae flocculating constituent, and calculating the balling volume V of the blue algae flocculating constituent from the diameter dp;
then, the natural logarithm is taken from both sides of the formulas (1), (2) and (3), and the relational formulas (4) to (6) are obtained:
Ln P＝D1·ln L+a (4)；
Ln A＝D2·ln P+b＝D2·ln L+b (5)；
Ln V＝D3·ln P+c＝D3·ln L+c (6)；
then, an ln P-ln L linear relation diagram is made by corresponding ln P and ln L values of each blue algae flocculating constituent at the same image acquisition time point of the same water body layer, wherein the slope of a straight line is a one-dimensional fractal dimension D1 of the blue algae flocculating constituent at the image acquisition time point of the water body layer, and the intercept is a constant a;
taking ln A and ln P or ln A and ln L values corresponding to the blue algae flocculating bodies positioned at the same image acquisition time point of the same water body layer as an ln A-ln P or ln A-ln L linear relation graph, wherein the slope of a straight line is the two-dimensional fractal dimension D2 of the blue algae flocculating bodies at the image acquisition time point of the water body layer, and the intercept is a constant b;
and using Ln V and Ln P or Ln V and Ln L values corresponding to the blue algae flocculating bodies positioned at the same image acquisition time point of the same water body layer to make a Ln V-Ln P or Ln V-Ln L linear relation graph, wherein the slope of the straight line is the three-dimensional fractal dimension D3 of the blue algae flocculating bodies at the image acquisition time point of the water body layer, and the intercept is a constant c.
Further, the monitoring method of the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment further comprises a three-dimensional demonstration animation production step, wherein first, images which are acquired at the same image acquisition time point and are positioned at the same water body layer are spliced and overlapped, so that a spliced and overlapped image of each image acquisition time point of each water body layer is obtained; and then, according to the sequence of the image acquisition time, the spliced superposition graph of each water body layer is manufactured into three-dimensional demonstration animation for simulating the cyanobacteria bloom process in different time dimensions. Preferably, the images are spliced and overlapped by adopting software such as Mingmei microscopic digital imaging systems V5.1, matlab, sufer and the like.
Further, in the monitoring method of the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, the first processing system is a microscopic digital analysis measuring system; the microscopic digital analytical measurement system is preferably an Mingmei microscopic digital imaging system V9.5.2.
In the monitoring method of the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, the pretreatment is to sequentially perform noise removal and correction treatment in the second step.
Further, in the monitoring method of the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, the second processing system is image measurement and analysis software and is used for measuring and analyzing characteristic parameters of cyanobacteria floccules. Preferably, the second processing system is an Ming and Mei microscopic digital imaging system V9.5.2.
Further, in the detection method of the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment, the steps of collecting cyanobacteria growth images at different time points are as follows: the blue algae growth image is shot every 1-2h before the blue algae starts to release, gather and float from the sediment, and every 5-10 minutes when the blue algae starts to release, gather and float from the sediment.
When the water bloom burst under the natural state is simulated, the simulation experiment of the water bloom burst of the blue algae recovery caused by the influence factors such as illumination, temperature, wind disturbance and the like can be developed without adding nutrient salt and directly adjusting different illumination intensities, temperatures and wind disturbance.
When the nutrient salt (only considering nitrogen and phosphorus) is taken as an influence factor (like illumination, temperature, wind disturbance and other influence factors) to carry out a simulation experiment, a certain amount of potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the like are added to control the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio of the water body to be 1-40, so that the experiment is carried out.
Example 1
In the embodiment, the growth process of the water bloom blue algae is simulated and monitored by adopting the water bloom blue algae simulation experiment monitoring system shown in the figure 1.
(1) The specific settings of the experimental set-up were as follows:
at the outer layer opening of the outer layer jacket cylinder, 500-ten-thousand-pixel color CMOS progressive scanning image sensors are arranged in an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, 12 500-ten-thousand-pixel color CMOS progressive scanning image sensors (3 of each layer surrounding the outer layer jacket cylinder) are uniformly arranged in each layer, 36 of the 500-ten-pixel color CMOS progressive scanning image sensors are arranged in total and fixed by a bracket. The lower layer 500 ten thousand-pixel color CMOS progressive scanning image sensor is 40cm away from the cylinder bottom of the outer jacket cylinder, the middle layer is 80cm away from the cylinder bottom, and the upper layer is 120cm away from the cylinder bottom. The culture apparatus was 1.5m high. Two 500-ten-thousand-pixel color CMOS progressive scanning image sensors in the same layer are spaced by 50cm, and the 500-ten-thousand-pixel color CMOS progressive scanning image sensors on two sides are 25cm away from the side edge of the outer jacket cylinder.
(2) When the water bloom blue algae simulation experiment is carried out, the following experiment group experiment is set:
a first group, in which only sediment samples of the dormant blue algae and water bodies of sediment sampling points are put into the culture device; the group of experiments served as a blank group; specifically, a sediment sample containing dormant blue algae is obtained by the following method: and (3) collecting a bottom mud sample by using a columnar sampler, cutting off a mud column with the length of 2-5 cm at the uppermost layer, putting the mud column into a plate, keeping the surface of the mud column intact, and taking a sample point water sample to carry the sample back to a laboratory. Keeping the surface of the sediment intact, taking care to avoid stirring the surface of the sediment, and putting the sediment into the bottom of a full-spread culture device (the thickness of the sediment sample is 5-10 cm). Slowly adding a raw water sample which is filtered by Whatman GF/C filter paper (phi 1.2 mu m) in advance along the inner wall of the container (the filtered water sample can ensure that no blue algae exists in the water body before the simulation experiment starts), and controlling the water body within 1.3 m.
And a second group, putting a sediment sample and a water body of sediment sampling points, which accumulate dormant blue algae, into a culture device, applying a certain amount of nutrient salts such as potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the like for experiments, and adding the amounts of the potassium nitrate and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate to enable nitrogen in the water body to be as follows: the mol ratio of phosphorus is 1-40:1; the group of experiments are used for testing the influence of different nitrogen-phosphorus ratios in the process of bloom blue algae;
thirdly, putting a sediment sample for accumulating the dormant blue algae and a water body at a sediment sampling point into a culture device, and then setting different illumination intensities by starting the number of fluorescent lamps to perform experiments; the group of experiments are used for testing the influence of illumination intensity in the process of bloom blue algae;
a fourth group, putting a sediment sample for accumulating dormant blue algae and a water body at a sediment sampling point into a culture device, and then setting the temperatures of different circulating water for experiments; the set of experiments are used for testing the influence of temperature in the process of bloom blue algae;
a fifth group, putting a sediment sample and a water body of sediment sampling points, which accumulate dormant blue algae, into a culture device, and setting different wind power and wind directions for experiments; the set of experiments are used for testing the influence of wind power and wind direction in the process of bloom blue algae outbreak.
(3) The specific test method of the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment is as follows:
a 500-ten-thousand-pixel color CMOS progressive scanning image sensor is adopted to monitor the explosion process of the bloom blue algae, and blue algae growth images are shot every 1 hour before the blue algae starts to gather and float; when blue algae starts to release from the sediment, gather and float, the blue algae growth image is shot every 5-10 minutes, and the specific time interval can be determined according to experimental conditions. Monitoring the water bloom blue algae burst condition in 24 hours, and shooting blue algae floating images in a layered manner.
The computer processor is connected with the 500 ten-thousand-pixel color CMOS progressive scanning image sensor for use, and the image information shot by the 500 ten-thousand-pixel color CMOS progressive scanning image sensor is transmitted to the computer processor, and the computer processor receives and processes the image information, specifically as follows:
firstly, acquiring growth images of blue algae positioned in different water body layers in a culture device at different time points by adopting a 500-ten-thousand-pixel color CMOS progressive scanning image sensor, and transmitting the growth images to a computer processor;
secondly, preprocessing such as denoising and correcting the growing image line by using an Mingmei microscopic digital imaging system V9.5.2 in a computer processor;
thirdly, analyzing and measuring blue algae flocculating constituent in the pretreated growth image by using an Mingmei microscopic digital imaging system V9.5.2 in a computer processor to obtain characteristic parameters of the blue algae flocculating constituent in each water body layer at different time points, wherein the characteristic parameters are projection area A, maximum perimeter P and maximum length L of the blue algae flocculating constituent, and the characteristic parameters are used for calculating fractal dimension.
Calculating a one-dimensional fractal dimension D1, a two-dimensional fractal dimension D2 and a three-dimensional fractal dimension D3 of the blue algae flocculating body at the same image acquisition time point of the same water body layer in the water bloom explosion process according to the characteristic parameters of the blue algae flocculating body obtained in the third step and a pre-algorithm;
the pre-algorithm is specifically as follows:
firstly, the projection area A, the maximum perimeter P and the maximum length L of blue algae flocculating constituent at the same image acquisition time point of the same water body layer are in a relation with the one-dimensional fractal dimension D1, the two-dimensional fractal dimension D2 and the three-dimensional fractal dimension D3 of the blue algae flocculating constituent at the image acquisition time point of the water body layer as shown in the formulas (1) to (3):
P∝L D1 (1)；
A∝L D2 or A.alpha.P D2 (2)；
V∝L D3 Or V.alpha.P D3 (3)；
Wherein V represents the balling volume of the blue algae flocculating constituent, and is obtained by converting the projection area A of the blue algae flocculating constituent, and the specific calculation method is as follows: obtaining the diameter dp (equivalent diameter) of a circle with the same area as the projection area A according to the projection area A of the blue algae flocculating constituent, and calculating the balling volume V of the blue algae flocculating constituent according to the diameter dp;
then, the natural logarithm is taken from both sides of the formulas (1), (2) and (3), and the relational formulas described in formulas (4) to (6) are obtained:
Ln P＝D1·ln L+a (4)；
Ln A＝D2·ln P+b＝D2·ln L+b (5)；
Ln V＝D3·ln P+c＝D3·ln L+c (6)；
then, taking ln P and ln L values corresponding to the blue algae floccules at the same image acquisition time point of the same water body layer as an ln P-ln L linear relation graph, wherein the slope of a straight line is the one-dimensional fractal dimension D1 of the blue algae floccules at the image acquisition time point of the water body layer, and the intercept is a constant a;
taking ln A and ln P or ln A and ln L values corresponding to the blue algae flocculating bodies positioned at the same image acquisition time point of the same water body layer as an ln A-ln P or ln A-ln L linear relation graph, wherein the slope of a straight line is the two-dimensional fractal dimension D2 of the blue algae flocculating bodies at the image acquisition time point of the water body layer, and the intercept is a constant b;
and using Ln V and Ln P or Ln V and Ln L values corresponding to the blue algae flocculating bodies positioned at the same image acquisition time point of the same water body layer to make a Ln V-Ln P or Ln V-Ln L linear relation graph, wherein the slope of a straight line is the three-dimensional fractal dimension D3 of the blue algae flocculating bodies at the image acquisition time point of the water body layer, and the intercept is a constant c.
Fifthly, firstly, splicing images which are acquired at the same image acquisition time point and are positioned on the same water body layer and the same side wall surface by adopting an Mingmei microscopic digital imaging system V5.1, and then, superposing spliced images respectively formed on the four side wall surfaces by adopting Matlab or Sufer software and the like, so as to obtain a spliced superposition graph of each image acquisition time point of each water body layer; and then, according to the sequence of the image acquisition time, the spliced superposition graphs of all the water body layers are manufactured into three-dimensional demonstration animations for simulating the cyanobacteria bloom process in different time dimensions.
(5) Conclusion:
(1) the method can clearly know the whole process of blue algae flocculating body formation in the blue algae bloom process under different external influence factors, and the optimal influence factors of the blue algae bloom forming water bloom can be determined by the system and the method because each blue algae has the optimal N/P, water temperature, light intensity and wind speed. The one-dimensional fractal dimension D1, the two-dimensional fractal dimension D2 and the three-dimensional fractal dimension D3 of blue algae floccules in the same water body layer at different image acquisition time points can be calculated by adopting a pre-algorithm, and the obtained fractal dimensions at different time points can be used for establishing a model of the water bloom blue algae eruption process.
(2) The method comprises the steps that images which are acquired at the same image acquisition time point and are positioned on the same water body layer are spliced and overlapped by adopting software such as Matlab or Sufer, and a spliced and overlapped graph of each image acquisition time point of each water body layer is obtained; and then, according to the sequence of the image acquisition time, the spliced superposition graphs of all the water body layers are manufactured into three-dimensional demonstration animations for simulating the cyanobacteria bloom process in different time dimensions.
Claims (20)
1. The monitoring system for the water bloom blue algae simulation experiment is characterized by comprising:
the culture device is used for containing sediment containing cyanobacteria in a dormancy stage and a water body at a sampling point;
the imaging devices are uniformly arranged outside the side wall of the culture device layer by layer and are used for shooting growth images of blue algae in different water body layers in the culture device at different time points;
the remote monitoring device is connected with the imaging device and is used for receiving and processing the images transmitted by the imaging device and obtaining characteristic parameters of blue algae floccules positioned on different water body layers at different time points in the water bloom explosion process;
an outer jacket device is sleeved outside the culture device, a gap is reserved between the culture device and the side wall of the outer jacket device, and the gap is used for flowing water to regulate and control the temperature of the water body in the culture device;
a circulating water supply means communicating with a space between the culture means and the side wall of the outer jacket means to supply water into the space;
the illumination intensity control device is arranged right above the culture device and is used for providing illumination for the culture device; and
the air supply device comprises a blower and an air velocity measuring instrument; the air blower is arranged above the culture device and is used for providing certain wind for the culture device.
2. The monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the characteristic parameters of the cyanobacteria floccules are projection area a, maximum perimeter P and maximum length L of cyanobacteria floccules.
3. The monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the side walls of the culture device and the outer jacket device is 10-15 cm.
4. The monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment according to claim 3, wherein the culture device is a cube cylinder with an opening on the top surface, and is made of transparent organic glass; the wall thickness of the culture device is 7-9mm.
5. The monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment according to claim 3, wherein the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio of the water body in the culture device is 1-40: 1.
6. the monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment according to claim 3, wherein the outer jacket device is a square cylinder with an opening on the top surface, and is made of transparent PE material or glass; the wall thickness of the outer jacket device is 7-9mm.
7. The monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment according to claim 6, wherein the outer surfaces of the peripheral wall and the bottom wall of the outer jacket device are coated with black pigment, so that the peripheral wall and the bottom wall of the culture device are airtight and light-proof.
8. The monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment according to claim 1, wherein the outlet of the circulating water supply device is connected with the inlet of the outer jacket device, and the outlet of the outer jacket device is connected with the inlet of the circulating water supply device.
9. The monitoring system for bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment according to claim 8, wherein the circulating water supply device comprises: a water tank; a temperature adjusting element arranged on the water tank; the temperature probe is arranged in the water tank and used for detecting the water temperature in the water tank; the temperature controller is arranged outside the water tank, is respectively connected with the temperature probe and the temperature regulating element, and controls the temperature regulating element to regulate the water temperature in the water tank according to the information fed back by the temperature probe.
10. The monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment according to claim 9, wherein the water outlet temperature of the water tank is 10-40 ℃.
11. The monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a plurality of through holes are arranged on the peripheral side wall of the outer jacket device, penetrate through the outer jacket device and extend to the outer wall surface of the culture device along the inner wall of the outer jacket device; the imaging device is arranged in the through hole; the size of the through holes is matched with that of the imaging devices, and the number of the imaging devices is the same as that of the through holes.
12. The monitoring system for bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiments as recited in claim 11, wherein the imaging device is arranged in the through hole through a bracket.
13. The monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment according to claim 11, wherein 3 layers of mutually parallel through holes are arranged on the side wall of the outer jacket device along the circumferential direction of the outer jacket device, 12 through holes are uniformly arranged on each layer, and a first layer of through holes are arranged near the bottom of the culture device in the 3 layers of mutually parallel through holes so that the imaging device can shoot images of the cyanobacteria in the reviving period; the second layer of through holes are arranged in the middle of the water body in the culture device, so that the imaging device shoots images of blue algae in the floating period; the third layer of through holes are arranged on the upper part of the water body in the culture device, so that the imaging device can shoot that blue algae gather on the water surface to form an image of water bloom.
14. The monitoring system of claim 13, wherein the imaging device is a high-resolution microscopic digital imaging device, and the high-resolution microscopic digital imaging device is a 500-ten-thousand-pixel color CMOS progressive scanning image sensor.
15. The monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment according to claim 11, wherein the remote monitoring device is a computer processor; a microscopic digital analysis and measurement system is arranged in the computer processor; the microscopic digital analysis and measurement system is an Mingmei microscopic digital imaging system V9.5.2.
16. The monitoring system of claim 15, wherein at least one of image stitching, image overlaying and three-dimensional animation software is further provided in the computer processor.
17. The monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the illumination intensity control device is formed by connecting a plurality of fluorescent lamps in parallel, each fluorescent lamp is provided with a switch, one switch controls one fluorescent lamp, and the illumination intensity is controlled by controlling the number of the fluorescent lamps to be turned on.
18. The monitoring system for the bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiment according to claim 17, wherein the illumination intensity of the illumination intensity control device is 0-10000 lux.
19. The monitoring system for bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiments according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the blower is a movable device to freely adjust the height and angle of the blower to control the wind speed and direction of the blower; the wind speed measuring instrument is arranged close to the water body surface of the culture device and is used for measuring the wind speed of the water body surface of the culture device.
20. The monitoring system for bloom-forming cyanobacteria simulation experiments according to claim 19, wherein the wind speed of the water surface of the culture device is 0-3.5 m/s.
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