CN101652490A - 工具 - Google Patents
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- CN101652490A CN101652490A CN200880011402A CN200880011402A CN101652490A CN 101652490 A CN101652490 A CN 101652490A CN 200880011402 A CN200880011402 A CN 200880011402A CN 200880011402 A CN200880011402 A CN 200880011402A CN 101652490 A CN101652490 A CN 101652490A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910020630 Co Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002440 Co–Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011112 process operation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910002555 FeNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910002545 FeCoNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910009043 WC-Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010037 TiAlN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium carbide Chemical compound [Cr]#C[Cr]C#[Cr] UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- INZDTEICWPZYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(chloromethyl)-4-[4-(chloromethyl)phenyl]benzene Chemical compound C1=CC(CCl)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(CCl)C=C1 INZDTEICWPZYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000993059 Homo sapiens Hereditary hemochromatosis protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004523 agglutinating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005088 metallography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- UNASZPQZIFZUSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneniobium Chemical compound [Nb]#C UNASZPQZIFZUSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynetantalum Chemical compound [Ta]#C NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003468 tantalcarbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/005—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides comprising a particular metallic binder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F2005/001—Cutting tools, earth boring or grinding tool other than table ware
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2222/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of metals, alloys or metal matrices
- B23B2222/28—Details of hard metal, i.e. cemented carbide
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
- Y10T407/14—Cutters, for shaping with means to apply fluid to cutting tool
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
- Y10T407/27—Cutters, for shaping comprising tool of specific chemical composition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
- Y10T408/03—Processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
- Y10T408/78—Tool of specific diverse material
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Drilling Tools (AREA)
- Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
本发明的主题涉及适用于对材料进行钻孔或研磨的硬质合金工具。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及适用于对材料进行钻孔或研磨的硬质合金工具(hardmetal tool)。
现有技术
本发明涉及工具的几何学,其特征是工具由硬质合金构成,工具具有纵轴和横截面,该纵轴也是材料加工过程中的旋转轴,而横截面与该纵轴垂直并且横截面外围呈圆形。工具的直径d(相当于外围圆形的直径)小于工具的长度,其比例为1/d,其中l是旋转轴的长度。在钻孔的过程中,将绕着纵轴旋转的工具抵靠在待钻孔的材料上加压。工具端部的切割边产生碎屑,在钻孔达到一定深度后,立即通过工具圆柱体表面中的一个或多个螺旋形或直线形通道除去这些碎屑。l/d比例可以在5-20之间;但是,对于电子工业中加工印刷电路板的微型钻头而言,该比例无论如何要达到200。在研磨的情况中,对工具进行额外的设计,这样不仅提供在端部的通道,而且还提供具有与圆柱体表面横切的切割效应的通道;可以完全或部分地省略碎屑输送通道。
在钻孔的情况中,工具的横截面必须能传递一定的扭矩,该扭矩由切割力和通道内碎屑输送力组成。如果碎屑滞塞,则产生峰值负载。通道中能承担负载的横截面面积减小,可能造成裂纹开始急剧生长,结果导致工具破裂。
不断小型化的趋势造成可传递扭矩的二次方下降以及工具直径的减小,而切割力仅仅是线性下降。由于工具破裂的可能性增加,导致加工的可靠性下降。这特别影响用于电子工业中印刷电路板的钻孔和研磨的工具以及深孔钻头。
研磨不仅产生钻孔中所述的负载,而且还产生横向力,即相对于旋转轴垂直作用的力。工具在达到磨损极限之前过早或不可预计地破裂,将形成废料、出现计划外的故障,以及耗费时间更换工具,造成经济损失。
待传递的最大工具力取决于硬质合金材料的性质,一般可通过熟悉的机械性质值如弯曲破裂强度或断裂韧度(K1C)来确定。在硬质合金工业中,通常依据Shetty公式由维氏硬度压痕(Vickers hardness indentation)的裂纹长度、硬度和负载计算断裂韧度。然而,弯曲破裂强度描述包含能引发断裂的缺陷的实体,K1C值表征了材料本身的断裂韧度,因而说明了一种材料完全不含缺陷时的潜在强度,因此更适合系统性地比较材料,而无需考虑微观结构的品质。工具的耐磨性和硬度之间存在一种大致的正相关性。但是,在各情况中只能以牺牲另一种性质为代价来提高硬度和强度。例如,希望所描述的工具能够在不损失硬度的情况下提高强度,或者在不损失强度的情况下提高硬度。
硬质合金即作为粘结剂的铁族的金属(″粘结剂相″)和硬质材料(碳化物,氮化物,″硬质材料相″)的复合材料具有更优越的性质,意味着这些材料比其它类型的材料在加工(例如有机/无机地)金属、石头和复合材料方面更容易被人接受。碳化钨具有高硬度和耐磨性,再结合高弹性模量,因此在这方面特别突出。所用的金属粘结剂主要是钴。烧结操作说明该金属粘结剂不仅包含W和C,而且如果使用例如碳化铬作为硬质材料,则还可能包含部分Cr。在一些情况中,金属粘结剂还可包含Fe和Ni。EP 1007751A1描述了使用包含Fe、Co和Ni的粘结剂提供塑性改进的硬质合金,该材料在烧结后归为完全奥氏体粘结剂相。WO 99/10550描述了用于钻孔和研磨的具有奥氏体粘结剂相的工具,其中金属粘结剂包含40-90重量%的Co和各4-36重量%的Ni和Fe,其中Fe和Ni以1.5∶1-1∶1.5的比例存在。
已经知道,通过改变硬质合金中金属粘结剂相的Fe∶Co∶Ni比例可以在很宽的范围内调整相组成。尽管完全由钴粘结的硬质合金(purely Co-boundhard metal)中的金属粘结剂相在烧结后是奥氏体,并且在承受负载时可能变为六方体,WO 99/10550揭示了FeCoNi粘结剂合金在烧结后稳定的奥氏体晶格态的益处。粘结剂合金包含90-60重量%的Co,构成100重量%的其余成分是Fe和Ni,其中Fe∶Ni比例约为1+/-0.5。由于这类完全奥氏体粘结剂相具有稳定的晶格类型,所以它们在直至熔点的所有温度下都能提供益处。在Wittmann论文中对合金体系FeNi进行的研究特别明显;在这些研究中,在从完全奥氏体粘结剂相(FeNi 80/20)向双相区(FeNi 85/15)转变时,硬度增加,而裂纹长度之和明显减小。所研究的同样在双相奥氏体/马氏体区中的具有粘结剂体系FeCoNi 70/10/20的硬质合金的裂纹长度之和也小于完全由钴粘结的硬质合金的裂纹长度之和。因此,与奥氏体粘结剂相相比,在不损失强度的情况下提高硬度或在不损失硬度的情况下提高强度的要求可以用奥氏体/马氏体粘结剂相来实现。但是,在本发明人精确评估Wittmann的论文并由硬度、裂纹长度和负载之类的详细数据计算K1C值后,已经发现存在一定比例的马氏体相并不是获得高K1C值所必需的条件;例如从FeNi 85/15粘结的硬质合金的性质及其K1C值随通过射线照相术确定的碳含量和马氏体含量变化的进程可以看出这一点。实际上,与具有相同硬度的钴粘结的硬质合金相比K1C值的增加似乎是具有高铁含量和高Ni∶Co比的粘结剂合金的性质,并且似乎与作为必要条件的马氏体相的存在没有根本联系。因此,依据本发明,优选的是Fe含量为50-90重量%,更优选是Fe含量在65-90重量%的范围内。
发明概述
本发明的目的是提高由硬质合金制备的研磨和钻孔工具的强度,并由此提高其承担负载的能力,从而提高加工可靠性。同时,硬度应保持在相当的水平。通过一种研磨和钻孔工具来实现该目的,该工具具有任选的双相(奥氏体/马氏体)粘结剂相,该相满足以下条件:Fe含量为50-90重量%,Co∶Ni小于1。为了增加热硬度,金属粘结剂相可有利地包含其它合金添加剂如Cr。
重要的是该工具的功能区由硬质合金构成。因此,该工具可以是带钢柄的,也就是说只有实际的工具部分是由硬质合金构成的,而加工工具的过渡部分由不同材料构成,例如钢。可通过例如收缩配合或焊接等连接方法实现过渡。
因此,本发明涉及一种硬质合金工具,该工具围绕其自身的纵轴旋转,其1/d比(长度与直径的比)为2-200,用于切割加工材料,所述工具至少包含双相奥氏体/马氏体粘结剂相和硬质材料。
具体而言,本发明涉及一种硬质合金工具,该工具围绕其自身的纵轴旋转,其1/d比(长度与直径的比)为2-200,用于切割加工材料,所述工具包含粘结剂相和硬质材料,其中所述粘结剂相由具有铁、镍和钴主粘结剂成分的硬质合金粘结剂相组成,其中铁含量为50-90重量%,镍含量为10-30重量%,钴含量最多为30重量%。因此,钴含量为0-30重量%或5-30重量%。
以下粘结剂组分含量是有利的:Fe为70-90重量%,优选为75-85重量%或70-80重量%;Ni为10-20重量%,优选为15-20重量%或18-20重量,任选的钴含量为4-15重量%或5-12重量%。
Co∶Ni比例优选小于或等于1,特别优选为0.5-0,该比例与粘结剂中这些金属的以重量百分数(重量%)表述的量有关。
以下粘结剂组成是特别有利的:
Fe 70-90重量%,Co 0-30重量%,Ni 10-20重量%;或
Fe 75-85重量%,Ni 15-20重量%;或
Fe 75-85重量%,Co 4-15重量%,Ni 15-20重量%;或
Fe 70-80重量%,Co 5-12重量%,Ni 18-20重量%。
如果Co∶Ni比例小于或等于1或为0-0.5,则这些粘结剂组合物是特别有利的。
特别优选的各粘结剂组合物的例子是FeNi 85/15,82/18和80/20,FeCoNi 70/12/18,FeCoNi 80/5/15,70/10/20,65/20/15和75/5/20。
粘结剂成分含量以基于粘结剂组合物的重量百分数给出。上述小于或等于1或者小于0.5的钴∶镍比例与这些金属的以重量百分数表述的量有关。
在本发明的该实施方式中,除了不可避免的杂质外,粘结剂不含上述组分以外的任何其它组分。
在本发明的另一个实施方式中,粘结剂还包含元素C、N、Cr、V、W、Mo、Ta、Nb、Hf、Ti、Zr、Mn、Ru、Re、Al、Ce和La,这些元素可单独存在或者以组合的形式存在。可使用相应的氮化物、碳化物或碳氮化物,或者使用元素粉末来引入这些元素。以整个粘结剂相为基准计,这些元素的总含量最高可以达到10重量%。加入这些元素还适合促进Fe-Co-Ni粘结剂的多相性(polyphasicity),或者甚至促进该粘结剂的单相性(monophasicity)。这些元素在粘结剂中的含量适宜为0.05-10重量%,优选为0.1-5重量%。在本发明的该实施方式中,除了不可避免的杂质外,粘结剂不含任何其它组分。
所用粘结剂的其它组分还可以是不可避免的杂质,例如氧、氮、铜和锰。这些杂质中的一些或全部在烧结后都可能存在于粘结剂相中。
构成本发明的工具的硬质合金所具有的粘结剂含量为3-50重量%,特别优选为5-25重量%。
依据本发明,在烧结后粘结剂相任选地是双相。这意味着粘结剂相在烧结后要么直接是双相或多相的,要么在使用过程中粘结剂相转变为双相或多相的。
粘结剂的单相性、双相性或多相性也可通过额外的热处理来实现,即例如对工具进行退火的额外的热处理步骤。这类热处理、冷却和回火操作是冶金和铁基合金处理技术领域的技术人员熟知的。但是,热处理也不可避免地受到不同处理步骤的影响,其中要么对工具进行加热,要么是依赖摩擦热或焊接过程中不可避免地放热。
另外,工具任选地包含一种硬质材料,该硬质材料包含一个或多个增加强度的精细分布的第三相,该第三相选自氧化物、氮化物、碳化物或金属间相。合适的硬质材料是本领域技术人员已知的;以下列出的仅仅是例子:碳化钨、碳化钒、碳化铬、碳化钛、碳化钽、碳化铌或氮化钛、或它们相互的混合相。
还可对所述工具设置一个或多个涂层,例如金刚石、氧化铝、氮化钛或氮化钛铝。这些涂层可通过CVD或PVD方法或它们的组合施加,如果合适,还可以交替的方式施加。
所述工具还可以具有沿纵轴不同的粘结剂相比例,以及/或者沿着与工具纵轴横切的径向不同的相组成,以及/或者沿着纵轴和/或横轴不同的粘结剂体积比。
所述工具可任选地沿轴具有空心区域,以向切割边提供冷却剂而便于加工。
特别地,本发明的工具可用于加工复合材料、印刷电路板、铁基或非铁基金属材料、木材、石材(例如,建筑石材和土)或它们的组合。可通过钻孔和/或研磨进行加工。因此,本发明还涉及使用本发明的工具通过钻孔或研磨来加工材料。
因此,本发明另外还涉及用于加工材料(特别是上述材料)的装置,其中所述装置包括本发明的工具。
实施例:
1.在磨碎机中通过湿研磨生产硬质合金粉末混合物,该混合物包括90重量%的粒度为0.8微米FSSS(ASTM B330)的WC粉末和10重量%的由预合金的70Fe12Co18Ni粉末(以重量%计的合金元素的量)组成的粘结剂合金,在常规喷雾干燥机中处理该混合物,形成细粒。在喷雾干燥之前,在不断搅拌下,向湿研磨后除去研磨球得到的悬浮液中加入石蜡乳液,使得喷雾干燥的细粒中的蜡含量为2重量%。通过以一定的方式加入炭黑来设定混合物中的碳含量,使得在烧结后,硬质合金不含任何有害的第三相,例如游离碳或缺碳碳化物(″η相″)。可以使用挤出(为此目的,事先使用有机增塑剂进行捏和)和轴向干压生产硬质合金圆棒,然后驱除有机增塑成分或蜡后,在石墨烧结炉中在1450℃真空烧结1小时。半成品的硬质合金产品的金相学研究表明该硬质合金具有以下特征:均匀的微观结构,WC粒度约为0.8微米。粘结剂分布良好,只能观察到极少的粒度达到3微米或以上的WC粗粒。硬质合金的硬度为1720HV10,射线照相术的研究显示粘结剂由马氏体和奥氏体组成。对硬质合金坯件进行磨削,形成用于加工金属的长度D=10毫米(尺寸类似于DIN 6527)的三边研磨工具(three-edged millingtools),然后在工具上设置工业上常用的TiAlN基PVD涂层。在以250米/分钟的切割速度在42CrMo4型低合金钢上进行仿形铣削的过程中测试工具寿命。作为比较的常规WC-Co硬质合金的工具寿命为70份;则用WC-FeCoNi硬质合金在相同加工条件下实现的工具寿命为100份。
2.按照实施例1所述,生产一种硬质合金粉末混合物,该混合物包括92重量%的粒度为0.6微米FSSS的WC和8重量%的由预合金的85Fe15Ni组成的粘结剂,在将该混合物与合适的塑料粘结剂捏和后,在柱塞式压出机中成形,在烧结后形成直径为3.25毫米的硬质合金坯件。通过HIP方法烧结的硬质合金的硬度为1900HV10。微观结构非常均匀,没有粒度大于2微米的WC粗粒。对该坯件进行加工,形成直径为1.5毫米的硬质合金铣刀。这些工具用于在常规工业操作条件下加工电子工业中使用的印刷电路板,这些操作条件指基底材料、钻孔条件、钻孔基底、CNC机器、抽吸-提取体系、以及进料和旋转速度的测试参数。作为比较的由WC-Co构成的铣刀在破裂行为测试中的工具寿命为10.1m,而包含FeNi粘结剂的铣刀在该测试中的工具寿命为13.5mm。还测试了WC-85Fe15Ni硬质合金作为直径小于0.3毫米的钻头用于印刷电路板的情况。标准钻头的平均磨损为11个单位,而WC-FeNi钻头的磨损只有8.5个单位。关于钻头的使用寿命,标准钻头的使用寿命为3500个钻孔,而WC-FeNi钻头的使用寿命达到4500个钻孔。常规WC-Co钻头与WC-FeNi钻头相比,主切割边断裂的风险更高。
Claims (15)
1.一种硬质合金工具,该工具围绕其自身的纵轴旋转,其l/d比为2-200,用于对材料进行钻孔或研磨,其中所述硬质合金工具包含硬质材料相和粘结剂相,其中主要的粘结剂成分是铁、镍和钴,铁含量为50-90重量%,镍含量为10-30重量%,钴含量最多为30重量%,并且基于重量%钴与镍的Co∶Ni比小于或等于1。
2.如权利要求1所述的工具,其特征在于,硬质合金的粘结剂含量为3-50重量%。
3.如权利要求2所述的工具,其特征在于,所述粘结剂相在烧结后是双相或多相的,或者在使用过程中转变为双相或多相的。
4.如权利要求3所述的工具,其特征在于,所述粘结剂的双相性或多相性可通过热处理实现。
5.如权利要求3所述的工具,其特征在于,所述粘结剂的多相性受C、N、Cr、V、Ta、Mo、W、Nb、Hf、Ti、Zr、Mn、Ru、Re、Al、Ce和La等单独的元素或它们的组合影响,基于整个粘结剂相,这些元素的含量之和最多为10重量%。
6.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的工具,其特征在于,多相Fe-Co-Ni粘结剂包含一个或多个增加强度的精细分布的第三相,该第三相选自氧化物、氮化物、碳化物或金属间相。
7.如权利要求1至6中一项或多项所述的工具,其特征在于,所述工具具有一个或多个涂层。
8.如权利要求1至7中一项或多项所述的工具,其特征在于,所述工具沿纵轴具有不同的粘结剂相比例。
9.如权利要求1至8中一项或多项所述的工具,其特征在于,所述工具沿与工具纵轴横切的径向方向具有不同的相组成。
10.如权利要求1至9中一项或多项所述的工具,其特征在于,所述工具沿纵轴和/或横轴具有不同的粘结剂体积比例。
11.如权利要求1至10中一项或多项所述的工具,其特征在于,所述工具只有功能区是由硬质合金构成的。
12.如权利要求1至11中一项或多项所述的工具,其特征在于,所述工具沿轴具有空心区域,以为切割边提供冷却剂而便于加工。
13.如权利要求1至12中一项或多项所述的工具,其特征在于,特别用于加工复合材料、印刷电路板、铁基或非铁基金属材料、木材、石材(例如,建筑石材和土)或它们的组合,所述加工操作适宜通过钻孔和/或研磨进行。
14.如权利要求1至13中一项或多项所述的工具通过钻孔或研磨在对材料进行加工中的应用。
15.一种用于加工材料的装置,其特征在于,所述装置包含如权利要求1至13中一项或多项所述的工具。
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CN103567545A (zh) * | 2013-09-09 | 2014-02-12 | 昆山奥德鲁自动化技术有限公司 | 一种高强度铰刀 |
CN104400080A (zh) * | 2014-09-23 | 2015-03-11 | 宁波市荣科迈特数控刀具有限公司 | 一种深孔钻 |
CN104998966A (zh) * | 2015-05-18 | 2015-10-28 | 株洲固纳特硬质合金有限公司 | 一种红冲模类硬质合金模具基体形成及制作方法 |
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JP3927589B1 (ja) * | 2006-01-17 | 2007-06-13 | 酒井精工株式会社 | 回転切削工具および回転切削工具の製造方法 |
RU2551341C2 (ru) * | 2013-06-20 | 2015-05-20 | Анатолий Борисович Коршунов | Твердосплавное сверло из кобальтсодержащего материала для перфоратора с износостойким приповерхностным слоем |
JP6315226B2 (ja) | 2015-09-02 | 2018-04-25 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | ドリル孔あけ用エントリーシート、及びそれを用いたドリル孔あけ加工方法 |
EP3342517B1 (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2020-08-19 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. | Method for cutting fiber-reinforced composite member |
BR112018007991A2 (pt) | 2016-02-17 | 2018-10-30 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. | método de trabalho de corte e método para produzir um produto cortado |
JP7029113B2 (ja) | 2016-11-14 | 2022-03-03 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | 構成刃先形成用部材及び構成刃先形成方法 |
EP3633014A4 (en) | 2017-05-25 | 2020-06-10 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. | CUTTING SUPPORT LUBRICATION MATERIAL, CUTTING SUPPORT LUBRICANT AND CUTTING METHOD |
WO2024067985A1 (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2024-04-04 | ALFA TIM d.o.o. | WC-9.0FeNi-[0.5-1.0]Cr3C2-0.5NbC HARD METAL WITH IMPROVED MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND CORROSION RESISTANCE |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103567545A (zh) * | 2013-09-09 | 2014-02-12 | 昆山奥德鲁自动化技术有限公司 | 一种高强度铰刀 |
CN104400080A (zh) * | 2014-09-23 | 2015-03-11 | 宁波市荣科迈特数控刀具有限公司 | 一种深孔钻 |
CN104998966A (zh) * | 2015-05-18 | 2015-10-28 | 株洲固纳特硬质合金有限公司 | 一种红冲模类硬质合金模具基体形成及制作方法 |
CN104998966B (zh) * | 2015-05-18 | 2017-03-22 | 株洲固纳特硬质合金有限公司 | 一种红冲模类硬质合金模具基体形成及制作方法 |
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ZA200906369B (en) | 2010-05-26 |
JP2010523355A (ja) | 2010-07-15 |
DE102007017306A1 (de) | 2008-10-16 |
RU2009141366A (ru) | 2011-05-20 |
US20100054871A1 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
AU2008238015A1 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
EP2137331A1 (de) | 2009-12-30 |
KR20090130075A (ko) | 2009-12-17 |
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