CN1016485B - Composite filter stick for cigarette - Google Patents
Composite filter stick for cigaretteInfo
- Publication number
- CN1016485B CN1016485B CN 89104534 CN89104534A CN1016485B CN 1016485 B CN1016485 B CN 1016485B CN 89104534 CN89104534 CN 89104534 CN 89104534 A CN89104534 A CN 89104534A CN 1016485 B CN1016485 B CN 1016485B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- palygorskite
- filter stick
- paper
- cigarette
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 abstract description 17
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229920006221 acetate fiber Polymers 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 206010013911 Dysgeusia Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000019505 tobacco product Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000181025 Rosa gallica Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000000533 Rosa gallica Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005213 imbibition Methods 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000031068 symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000357 carcinogen Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003183 carcinogenic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000206 health hazard Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
Abstract
A composite filter stick for cigarette is mainly used for reducing the tar content and other harmful substances in tobacco smoke. The irritation of the tobacco is reduced, so that the tar content in the smoke is reduced by 7-12 mg/cigarette. The irritation is reduced by one grade, and meanwhile, the fragrance, the miscellaneous gas, the aftertaste, the resistance to suction and the like are not obviously changed. The filter can be made into a composite filter stick. The filter stick can be a three-section or two-section composite filter stick comprising a paper filter stick, an acetate fiber filter stick and palygorskite group mineral particles, and can also be a two-section composite filter stick comprising a palygorskite group mineral paper filter stick and an acetate fiber filter stick.
Description
The present invention relates to the cigarette composite filter, particularly reduce the tar in the smoke of tobacco and the content of other harmful components, reduce the excitant of flue gas, keep the filter of other necessary taste and smell simultaneously.
Smoking is very big to smoker and people's on every side health hazard.The flue gas that tobacco produces in partial combustion process is a kind of aerosol that contains multiple harmful material, has concentrated most harmful material in the granule phase substance tar of flue gas, comprising a large amount of carcinogens.
In order to reduce the tar content in the smoke of tobacco, take a lot of measures, as selected the lower tobacco of tar content for use, tobacco is carried out high temperature and expanding treatment.Then adopt tar in the filter tip absorption flue gas for the cigarette of having made.
U.S. Patent No. 4,729,389 disclose a kind of filter for smoke of tobacco, and its employing average diameter is that 1～5 micron commercially available kaolin (Kaolin) fiber is made filtering material, makes the tar content in the flue gas reduce about 8 milligrams/.
Chinese patent application CN87103794A discloses a kind of smoking equipment that has medical stone, its employing particle diameter is that 0.1～0.4 millimeter medical stone mixture is made filtering material, with the cellulose acetate filter rod tar adsorption, make the tar content in the flue gas reduce by 2.36 milligrams/.The tar of the filter absorption of this patent application is less, DeGrain, and increase nearly one times of cigarette weight.It does not have explanation whether to reduce the excitant of flue gas.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of new filter for smoke of tobacco, it adopts palygorskite family mineral as adsorbent, form composite filter with special-purpose corrugated paper of cigarette filter and common cellulose acetate filter rod, to remove tar and other harmful components in the smoke of tobacco more, reduce the irritating of flue gas, thereby improve the grade of tobacco product, reduce harm smoker and people around's health.
Specifically, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of content that is mainly used to reduce tar in the smoke of tobacco and other harmful components, reduce the excitant of flue gas, new composite filter, it can be the syllogic composite filter that comprises paper filter stick, palygorskite family mineral grain (or by its foam-like cylinder that is processed into) and common cellulose acetate filter rod; It also can be the two-part composite filter that comprises the paper filter stick that contains palygorskite family mineral grain and common cellulose acetate filter rod; It can also be the two-part composite filter that comprises palygorskite matter paper filter stick and common cellulose acetate filter rod.
Here said " paper filter stick " is meant the filter stick that the senior corrugated paper with the cigarette filter special use rolls into.This corrugated paper is to be the dedicated paper with intensive ripple that raw material suppresses with the fine paper pulpboard, has been used for making the paper filter stick of cigarette at present both at home and abroad widely, as a kind of substitute of low-grade cheapness of acetate fiber.
Here said " paper filter stick that contains palygorskite family mineral grain " is meant that when making above-mentioned paper filter stick, the palygorskite family mineral grain with certain particle size intersperses among between each layer of above-mentioned special-purpose corrugated paper equably earlier, and then the filter stick that rolls into.At this moment in order to guarantee the air permeability of this filter stick, promptly do not increase resistance to suction, suitably reduce the amount of used corrugated paper, for example reduce about 10～20%.
Here said " palygorskite family mineral matter paper filter stick " is meant in the process of making above-mentioned special-purpose corrugated paper, in original paper pulp, mix some (for example percentage by weight is 10～60%), broken in advance good palygorskite family mineral fibres, make their even mixing, through making beating and other processing, make the special-purpose corrugated paper that contains palygorskite family mineral fibres composition equably, again the palygorskite matter paper filter stick made from this special-purpose corrugated paper.
Here said " palygorskite family mineral " are meant the palygorskite family mineral with stratiform and chain transition structure, comprise the closely symbiosis of palygorskite (Palygorskite), sepiolite (Sepiolite) and appositional pattern palygorskite and montmorillonite (Montmorillon-ite), be the attapulgite (Attapulgite) of earthy output.
The chemical formula of palygorskite is Mg
5(H
2O)
4(Si
4O
10)
24H
2O can have aluminium, iron etc. to be isomorph and sneak into.A kind of composition of palygorskite of rich aluminium contains: 53.36% SiO by weight
2, 6.89% MgO, 10.25% Al
2O
3, 2.70% Fe
2O
3, 1.93% CaO, 12.94% H
2O
+And 7.56% H
2O
-The chemical formula of sepiolite is Mg
8(H
2O)
4(Si
6O
15)
2(OH)
28H
2O can have aluminium, iron, nickel, copper etc. to be isomorph and sneak into.A kind of composition that is rich in the sepiolite of talcum and a small amount of quartz contains: 69.06% SiO by weight
2, 1.45% Fe
2O
3, 3.29% Al
2O
3, 0.10% TiO
2, 0.037% CaO, 20.24% MgO, 0.25% H
2O, 0.07% Na
2O, 3.27% K
2O
+And 5.35% igloss amount.Purer palygorskite is fibrous tabular aggregate and micro-fibrous block aggregate output more.Their hardness is not high, but has stronger toughness.Sepiolite is compact shape and earthy output usually, symbiosis such as the normal and talcum of earthy person.Observe under electron microscope, can know that this family mineral all are fibrous, wherein the fiber of sepiolite is lacked (several millimicrons), the fiber of palygorskite long (can reach hundreds of millimicron to tens centimetre).In the fibrous lattice of these mineral, all exist some to be parallel to fiber axis, width reach several dusts (
), the passage of opening.In these passages, there are the crystallization water and adsorbed water to exist.The crystallization water is near the limit portion of passage, and adsorbed water then is positioned at the central authorities of passage, is called as zeolite water.Owing to have the passage of this opening in the crystal of these mineral, so their surface area is big especially, all has strong especially adsorptivity.
The particle of the palygorskite family mineral that the present invention is used can be by obtaining with the directly broken block ore with compact shape of conventional method; Also can obtain: can also the particle that Powdered ore is processed into (comprising pulverous selected product) certain particle size be obtained with the spray-on process of routine by ore with the broken tabular aggregate of method processing fiber shape of fragmentation-moulding-oven dry-again.The foam-like cylinder that is prefabricated into palygorskite family mineral according to the present invention can be used the method processing and preparing of foaming.The used palygorskite family mineral of the present invention generally needn't be handled through special, can certainly perhaps handle with weak acid through not being higher than the baking more than 100 ℃.
Above-mentioned mineral are all nontoxic to human body, used their additives as animal feeding-stuff both at home and abroad widely.
The senior corrugated paper of cigarette filter special use has good water imbibition.In the present invention, it cooperates with palygorskite family mineral, can play and remove tar and other harmful substance, reduces the irritating very obvious effects of flue gas.This is that paper filter stick places smoke filter foremost, directly contacts with pipe tobacco because in the present invention.When flue gas passes through filter, aqueous vapor in the flue gas is at first absorbed by paper filter stick, this has just guaranteed to give full play to subsequently the extra-heavy absorption property of the palygorskite family mineral grain that flue gas is filtered, thereby removes tar and other harmful components in the flue gas in a large number, reduces the excitant of flue gas.
The present invention will combine through the good water imbibition of the senior corrugated paper of the adsorptivity of the extra-heavy of processed conventionally palygorskite family mineral and cigarette filter special use and the versatility of acetate fiber, make a kind of new syllogic or the composite filter of two-part, the tar in the flue gas and other harmful components have been removed effectively, reduced the excitant of flue gas, make tar content in the flue gas reduce the 7-12 milligram/more than, excitant reduces a grade, keeps fragrance, indexs such as assorted gas, pleasant impression and resistance to suction not to have significant change simultaneously.Only need on the tobacco product that has made, perhaps in smoking equipment (as tobacco pipe, cigarette holder), load onto smoke filter of the present invention, just can reduce tar content and other harmful components in the smoke of tobacco significantly, reduce the excitant of flue gas, thereby improve the grade of tobacco product, reduce harm smoker and people around's health.Palygorskite family mineral are the very abundant natural crystals of a kind of reserves, very easily obtain, and the particle of these mineral that the present invention is used or fiber do not need special processing, preparation easily.It is over half to adopt composite filter of the present invention can reduce the consumption of acetate fiber, has saved the acetate fiber of import greatly, has reduced cost.
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of syllogic composite filter of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of two-part composite filter of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of another kind of two-part composite filter of the present invention.
Identical numbering is represented same content among the figure.Wherein (1) represents tobacco product, as cigarette; (2) expression paper filter stick; (3) the senior corrugated paper of expression cigarette filter special use; (4) expression palygorskite family mineral grain; (5) expression contains the paper filter stick of palygorskite family mineral grain; (6) expression palygorskite family mineral matter paper filter stick; (7) expression contains the special-purpose corrugated paper of palygorskite family mineral fibres composition; (8) the common cellulose acetate filter rod of expression.
Fig. 1 represents an embodiment of smoke filter of the present invention, has made to comprise paper filter stick (2) the syllogic composite filter of palygorskite mineral grain (or by its foam-like cylinder that is processed into) (4) and common cellulose acetate filter rod (8).Long 7 millimeters paper filter stick (2) is placed near an end of tobacco product (1), the end of filter tip is long 7 millimeters a common cellulose acetate filter rod (8), having placed 0.06 gram particle degree between the filter sticks at two joints is 0.4～0.5 millimeter palygorskite mineral grain (4), and the water slipped roll is tightly made the cylindrical filter of 20 millimeters of total lengths.Remove the original filter tip (long 20 millimeters) of " red rose board " cigarette, change above-mentioned filter tip of the present invention into, make the sample cigarette.Make the contrast cigarette with commercially available red rose board cigarette.Carry out the flue gas contrast test through Guangdong Province's tobacco quality supervision measuring station with Britain SM302 smoking machine, gained the results are shown in table 1.
As can be seen from Table 1, the tar content in the sample cigarette flue gas reduces 12.39mg/ and props up, and nicotine content has reduced 0.79mg/ and propped up.
Fig. 2 represents another embodiment of smoke filter of the present invention, has made the two-part composite filter that comprises the paper filter stick (5) that contains the palygorskite mineral grain and common cellulose acetate filter rod (8).Long 15 millimeters paper filter stick (5) is placed near an end of tobacco product (1), 0.06 gram particle degree is arranged is 0.4～0.5 millimeter palygorskite mineral grain (4) to uniformly dispersing in this filter stick, the end of filter tip is long 5 millimeters a common cellulose acetate filter rod (8), and the water slipped roll is tightly made the cylindrical filter of 20 millimeters of total lengths.Remove the original filter tip (long 20 millimeters) of first show board cigarette, change above-mentioned filter tip of the present invention into, make the sample cigarette.With commercially available first show board cigarette cigarette as a comparison.Carry out the flue gas contrast test and the scoring of smokeing panel test through Guizhou Province's tobacco quality supervision measuring station with Britain SM302 smoking machine, gained the results are shown in table 2.
As can be seen from Table 2, the tar content in the sample cigarette flue gas reduces more than 7 milligrams/, and the scoring of " stimulation " improves a grade, and promptly the excitant of flue gas reduces a grade, and other scoring all is in the same grade with the contrast cigarette, but score slightly improves.
Also can make another kind of two-part composite filter as shown in Figure 3, it comprises palygorskite matter paper filter stick (6) and common cellulose acetate filter rod (8).Paper filter stick (6) is placed near tobacco product (1), and cellulose acetate filter rod (8) is placed on the end of filter tip, at least 5 millimeters of length.Palygorskite matter paper filter stick (6) is in the process of making special-purpose corrugated paper, in original paper pulp, mix percentage by weight for example and be 10～60%, broken in advance good palygorskite family mineral fibres, make their even mixing, through making beating and other processing, make the special-purpose corrugated paper that contains palygorskite family mineral fibres composition equably.Make with this special-purpose corrugated paper again.Contain palygorskite family mineral fibres in this paper filter stick, its weight is 0.03～0.1 gram.
Table 1
Content individual cigarette weight tar nicotine
Data (gram) (milligram /) (milligram /)
Sample
Contrast cigarette 1.090 22.50 1.28
Sample cigarette 1.157 10.11 0.49
Claims (9)
1, a kind of cigarette composite filter.It is characterized in that comprising a joint paper filter stick, a joint cellulose acetate filter rod and place between this two joints filter stick palygorskite family mineral grain or by its foam-like cylinder that is processed into.
2, composite filter as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that in for example total length is 20 millimeters general filter tip, the length of described paper filter stick is at least 5 millimeters, the length of described cellulose acetate filter rod is at least 5 millimeters, the particle diameter of described palygorskite family mineral grain is 0.2～0.7 millimeter, and gross weight is 0.03～0.1 gram.
3, a kind of cigarette composite filter is characterized in that palygorskite family mineral grain is interspersed among in the joint paper filter stick equably, forms this composite filter with a joint cellulose acetate filter rod again.
4, composite filter as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that in for example total length is 20 millimeters general filter tip, the length of described paper filter stick is 10～15 millimeters, the length of described cellulose acetate filter rod is 5～10 millimeters, the particle diameter of described palygorskite family mineral grain is 0.2～0.7 millimeter, and gross weight is 0.03～0.1 gram.
5, a kind of cigarette composite filter is characterized in that comprising a joint palygorskite family's mineral matter paper filter stick and a joint cellulose acetate filter rod.
6, composite filter as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that containing palygorskite family mineral fibres in the described palygorskite family mineral matter paper filter stick, and its weight is 0.03～0.1 gram.
7, composite filter as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that described paper filter stick dedicated paper mixes palygorskite family mineral fibres in the paper pulp to make.
8, composite filter as claimed in claim 7, the ratio that it is characterized in that mixing the palygorskite family mineral fibres in the paper pulp is 10～60% by weight.
9,, it is characterized in that described palygorskite family mineral comprise palygorskite (Palygorskite), sepiolite (sepiolite) and attapulgite (Attapulgite) as claim 1,3 or 5 described composite filters.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 89104534 CN1016485B (en) | 1989-07-04 | 1989-07-04 | Composite filter stick for cigarette |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 89104534 CN1016485B (en) | 1989-07-04 | 1989-07-04 | Composite filter stick for cigarette |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1048492A CN1048492A (en) | 1991-01-16 |
| CN1016485B true CN1016485B (en) | 1992-05-06 |
Family
ID=4855592
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 89104534 Expired CN1016485B (en) | 1989-07-04 | 1989-07-04 | Composite filter stick for cigarette |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1016485B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1810167B (en) * | 2006-03-02 | 2010-05-26 | 梅建华 | Dry process paper filter tip and its preparation process |
| CN101731757B (en) * | 2009-12-08 | 2011-12-28 | 湖南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Application of humectant in cigarette paper filtering materials |
| CN102090722B (en) * | 2010-09-15 | 2013-06-05 | 程卫国 | Cigarette filtering agent for reducing tar |
| CN109222228A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2019-01-18 | 李润根 | A kind of pure natural mineral fibres element powder |
-
1989
- 1989-07-04 CN CN 89104534 patent/CN1016485B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1048492A (en) | 1991-01-16 |
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