CN101644104A

CN101644104A - Adjustable formwork

Info

Publication number: CN101644104A
Application number: CN200810124933A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙长顺
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2008-06-08
Filing date: 2008-06-08
Publication date: 2010-02-10
Anticipated expiration: 2028-06-08
Also published as: CN101644104B

Abstract

The invention relates to a building formwork, which has adjustable plate surface length and width sizes, serves as a supplement of a shaping template, and is used for a non-full plate part. The building formwork consists of an inner membrane, inner templates, an air bag, a coiled material board, expansion bolts (matched with nuts) and an outer support; the inner templates, the air bag and the coiled material board are spliced together correspondingly to form a 'combined plane', the outer support is arranged below the combined plane, and the inner membrane is covered above the combined plane; the back surfaces of two adjacent inner templates are provided with the expansion bolts, and when used, the building formwork is in an original state (the state before extension) first to cast and vibrate the concrete of the area; after that, the expansion bolts are rotated to slide the two adjacent inner templates and increase the length and width sizes so as to enlarge the plate surfaces of the inner templates until the remaining gaps on the whole templates are fully filled; and then, the concretes of other parts are cast continuously to finish the whole casting.

Description

Adjustable formwork

Technical field:

A kind of construction formwork, especially a kind of template of adjusting plate face size.

Technical background:

At present, the template of builing industry use mostly is set shaped steel formwork or wooden form greatly, on-site consolidation or assembling during construction, technology maturation; Though with set shaped steel formwork assembling reliable in quality, required model is assembled complexity more, though use the plank assembly unit convenient, flexible, the timber loss is big, and the two all has weak point.

Summary of the invention:

1, the present invention aims to provide a kind of template that can adjust the wide size of plate face length, as replenishing of typified form, is used for non-whole board position, consumes in the hope of reducing, and reduces construction cost.

2, this template is combined by composite board, promptly forms (Fig. 1,2) by combination of components such as inner membrance, inner formword, air bag, coiled material plate, expansion bolt, outer holders; After inner formword, air bag, the corresponding splicing of coiled material plate, form one ' combined planar ', outer holder is installed below this combined planar, cover inner membrance above; Expansion bolt is installed on the inner formword back side.

When 3, using this template concreting, make template (the combined planar state before promptly not stretching) in a state of nature earlier, build this regional concrete and vibrate (Fig. 3); After this, rotate expansion bolt the length and width size of two adjacent module unit plates is increased, the plate face that enlarges inner formword is till the space of filling up non-whole plate; Then, continue to build the concrete (Fig. 4) at other positions.

Inner membrance:

Inner membrance is the higher thin plate coiled material of intensity, is overlapped mutually by one or a few, is overlying on the combined planar, prevents to run the slight discrepancy in elevation between slurry and each assembly of buffering combined planar.

Inner formword:

Inner formword (Fig. 5) is polylith dentation rigid slab (abbreviation unit board) combined planar (or curved surface) of interlock composition mutually, is installed in the outer holder; Two adjacent module unit plates can stretch or rotational slide relatively; Unit board is pressed the sliding trace difference, is divided into parallel sliding plate and arc sliding panel two classes.

The parallel sliding plate is meant that unit board when motion plate face is only done parallel slip and plate face direction is constant, comprises plane parallel sliding panel and curved surface parallel sliding plate; Each assembly of plane parallel sliding panel is platen surface, and the curved surface parallel sliding is meant that template rotates along axle, and its sliding panel is a curved surface, and the direction of axle is constant relatively for curved surface during slip, and for example the cylindrical curved surface plate is with the central axis rotation etc.

The arc sliding panel is meant when unit board slides, not also rotation thereupon of slippage of palette face and plate face direction, and it is applicable to flat formwork.

The parallel sliding board component is divided into fixed head, linear sliding panel (being called for short the craspedodrome plate), optional position parallel sliding plate (abbreviation two dimensional panel); The plate face is the parallel sliding plate of curved surface, though each assembly is curved surface, because of it all rotates with same axis on same position, still fixed head, craspedodrome plate, two dimensional panel are called in letter.

Arc sliding panel (Fig. 7,8) divides fixed teeth arc sliding panel (being called for short the arc andante), two kinds of movable sector shape sliding panels (abbreviation swivel plate).

Fixed head is that external mutually restitope is put constant dentation rigid element plate, is installed on a certain bight of outer holder, and it is the initial plate of combined planar, and other plates are basic assembly unit and extension with it.Fixed head can be to fixedly connected with outer holder, also can replace with outer holder material.

The craspedodrome plate is the dentation rigid element plate that external mutually holder and fixed head parallel lines are slided; The relative connection of craspedodrome plate with fixed head, the tooth bar on its tooth bar and the fixed head matches, and during installation the tooth bar of craspedodrome plate is inserted the tooth bar gap of fixed head, and two plates form gapless flat board to the splicing back; Simultaneously, the craspedodrome plate is also mated formation and is held in the palm outside, and can hold in the palm unidirectional slip on the plane outside.

Two dimensional panel is meant that externally holder and fixed head can be along the dentation rigid element plates of planar direction parallel slip mutually; The relative connection of two dimensional panel with the craspedodrome plate, its tooth bar and craspedodrome plate match, and during installation the tooth bar of two dimensional panel are inserted the tooth bar gap of craspedodrome plate, and two plates also form gapless flat board after splicing; Two dimensional panel is also mated formation in the holder outside.

Between fixed head and the sliding panel (general designation of craspedodrome plate, two dimensional panel, arc line slip plate), be connected steel turn-buckle between sliding panel and the sliding panel, rotation screw can draw two unit boards deciliter of corresponding (interlock), enlarge or dwindle panel plate face, suitable to answer the dimensional requirement of concrete component; Between each unit board, connect can also set up sliding guide.

The tooth bar of each plate should be made (section for) chase mortise shape, to strengthen snap-in force between adjacent two plates and lateral stiffness, stability, for example makes dovetail groove shape etc.; It is tight that tooth bar interlock between adjacent two plates is wanted, with the distortion that reduces the coiled material plate and be beneficial to its deformation and recover, strengthen the guidance quality when flexible between two plates.According to the needs of coiled material plate, the tooth bar upper surface can be set up cohesive material or sorptive material, to improve the applying power between tooth bar and the coiled material plate.Gap between adjacent two tooth bars and tooth bar width etc. are decided on coiled material plate and concrete pressure, coiled material plate intensity height or MULTILAYER COMPOSITE, concrete pressure hour, and the big tooth bar in gap is wide, otherwise in like manner.

In two (fixed head or sliding panel) unit boards of corresponding interlock, open a skewed slot on a template therein, in order to hide the coiled material plate, this groove is good (Fig. 6) with arcwall face; The curvature that the arcwall face of camber line shape skewed slot should satisfy the coiled material plate requires and is tangent with the inner formword face, does not bend distortion and turnover is advisable along sliding with the coiled material plate; The width of notch should match with the thickness of coiled material plate, in working order down with condition of equivalent thickness (mouthful wide) or just slightly push down the coiled material plate and be advisable, and can not be greater than the thickness of coiled material plate; The bottom land of this groove should be appropriate from the distance of inner formword upper surface, can resist concrete pressure during with this groove cavity and be as the criterion; Groove depth is advisable to be slightly larger than the hiding length of coiled material; Bottom land can relax, so that the adaptation roll bending is crimped onto the situation in the groove.

Arc line slip plate is divided into fixedly sector andante and rotation sector andante; Fixedly the sector andante is meant that tooth bar is the rigid element plate of arc, and tooth bar is fixed on the unit board plate face (Fig. 7); Rotation sector andante is meant that tooth bar and unit board plate face (pattern plate bolster) are respectively the rigid batten that the center of circle rotates with the difference, and tooth bar and frame are the vertical bar shape, and tooth bar is installed on the pattern plate bolster of strip (Fig. 8).Fixing sector line slip plate can be a track expansion templates area by fixing circular arc; Movable sector andante then can be by any track, the expansion templates area.The installation making of arc line slip plate and working method and parallel sliding plate are similar.

Air bag:

Air bag is the flexible encapsulated cavity that is hidden in inner formword (or the outer holder) cavity, after two unit boards of correspondence sliped off relatively, the inner formword plate face after the stretching, extension may produce the space, becomes the support blind spot, air bag stretched out and filled up this space this moment, and air bag supports concrete with the gases at high pressure in the chamber.Improve the surface support of template, also can replace solution with additive method.

Because of air bag has enabling capabilities, if the flexible relatively distance of unit board suitably, air bag just has the ability to replenish the support in this zone, so the situation of kind lower unit plate also can not established tooth bar.

The coiled material plate:

The coiled material plate is the thin coiled material (Fig. 9) that is laid on two unit boards that are connected, and thin coiled material is stacked constitutes by one or more layers for the coiled material plate; During the work original state, coiled material plate one end injects in the roll bending groove, and the other end is fixed on (this plate also can be established the roll bending groove, injects roll bending) on the respective panels, and during the work end-state, the coiled material plate in the groove is partly pulled out flattening, covers on the tooth bar; During the work original state, concrete outwards pushes the coiled material plate, and tooth bar inwardly pushes the coiled material plate, and it is straight that the coiled material plate is stretched, and during the work end-state, the coiled material plate is supported on the fence of tooth bar formation, utilizes self planar support concrete.

Select for use when multilayer (more than three layers) coiled material is superimposed makes the coiled material plate, the intermediate layer can be selected the low-intensity plate for use, but should follow the principle of a low-intensity plate of two high-strength plate therebetween; Frictional force between each plate should not be too big, also should not be too sliding; The low-intensity plate or fits tightly with high-strength plate under pressure state, forms composite plate, strengthens enabling capabilities, or produces compressive strain at the tooth bar place, makes the volume of tooth bar gap location expand the high-strength plate on extruding two sides, can strengthen enabling capabilities equally.

Expansion bolt (nut):

Steel turn-buckle (Fig. 9) is made up of nut, pressure bearing, flexible axle, flexible shaft end etc., and during rotating bolt, the nut (or pressure bearing) that is fixed on the portable plate is ejected or retracts, and it is flexible relatively to draw two adjacent portable plates; One end of bolt is installed in the pressure bearing, and the other end is installed in the nut, and pressure bearing is installed on the module unit plate, and nut is installed on the corresponding unit board, and the relative bearing of bolt can only axial rotation; Screw such as employing are then installed nut (the internal thread direction is opposite) respectively on two adjacent unit boards with the screw rod of positive and negative silk; Connect a flexible axle respectively at the two ends of bolt, flexible axle passes outer holder or inner formword and inner membrance and stretches out the outside, and a power interface is respectively installed in the outer end of two flexible axles, connects outer power; Flexible axle is passed to screw rod with outer power, and flexible axle has also changed the axis direction of outer power simultaneously.

Outer holder: adjacent is installed on the portable plate with pressure bearing,

Outer holder is a rigid slab, is the supporting plate of inner formword, also is the main force source of adjustable formwork integral rigidity, by making with flat board or bent plate; The size of outer holder is equal to the size of the compoboard face of the portable plate under the original state; Be provided with the member that is connected with each inner formword above the outer holder.

Description of drawings:

With the plane parallel sliding panel is example.

Fig. 1: represent between the unit board under in running order, the plane relation between inner formword and the outer holder.

The outer holder of 1 representative; 2 represent the fixed head of parallel sliding inner formword; 3 represent the craspedodrome plate of parallel sliding inner formword; 4 represent the two dimensional panel of parallel sliding inner formword; 5 represent air bag.

Fig. 2: represent the relation between inner membrance, inner formword, outer holder, the expansion bolt, left figure represents inner membrance, inner formword, holds in the palm the triangular relation that stacks outward, and the installation between right figure expression expansion bolt and the unit board (overleaf) concerns.

6 represent inner membrance; 7 represent the inner formword under the assembled state; 8 represent expansion bolt, 8.1,8.3 bolts of representing between fixed head and the craspedodrome plate wherein, and 8.2,8.4 represent the bolt between craspedodrome plate and the two dimensional panel;

Fig. 3: when the concrete that uses the adjustable formwork zone is built in expression, make adjustable formwork be in original state earlier, build the concrete in this zone then and vibrate, after this carry out building of other positions again.

On behalf of roll bending, 9 hide groove, and it can be arranged on two adjacent unit boards; 10 representatives are covered in the coiled material plate on the unit board tooth bar; 11,12,13,14 respectively representative be in typified form around the adjustable formwork, when building, can build by the dotted line scope among this figure earlier.15 is the space between adjustable formwork and the typified form.

Fig. 4: when the concrete in adjustable formwork zone is used in expression, built adjustable formwork original state zone after, the length and width of stretching, extension adjustable formwork are built other zones again to typified form.

Fig. 5: represent the sectional view of the mutual interlock of tooth bar of corresponding two module unit plates, be slidingly connected between inner formword and the outer holder that single line shade and three-way shade are represented respectively on the tooth bar of two corresponding unit boards among the figure; Grid shadow representation mill shoe, the connector between cloud point shadow representation inner formword and the outer holder.

16, the 17 template teeth of representing respectively on the different units plate; 18 represent connector; 19 representatives are located at the link slot in the outer holder; Fig. 6: the profile of relation between expression coiled material plate, inner formword, the outer holder, expression coiled material plate covers the position of unit board tooth, and coiled material plate external surface and inner formword external surface are flat.

20 represent the roll bending groove; 21 represent the coiled material plate; 22 represent the roll bending fixture; 23 represent the roll bending tooth; 24 represent the gap between roll bending tooth and another piece roll bending.

Fig. 7: expression fixed teeth arc swivel plate.

25, the 26 fixed teeth unit boards of representing two correspondences respectively;

Arrow and ω represent the direction of motion of unit board, and+expression is opened, and-expression is shunk.

Fig. 8: expression rotary teeth arc.

27 represent the straight-tooth slip sheet frame of arc sliding panel; 28 represent the axle of arc slide teeth; 29 represent the axle bed of straight-tooth; 30 representative rotation tooth bars; Arrow is represented the direction of motion of unit board.

Fig. 9; Relation between expression inner formword, outer holder, the expansion bolt.

31 represent the screw rod of expansion bolt; 32 representative pressure bearing spiders; 33 represent nut; 34 represent flexible axle; 35 represent flexible shaft end; 36 represent the flexible axle hole; The direction of motion of V representative unit plate ,+expression is opened, and-expression is shunk.

The specific embodiment:

With plane parallel sliding panel (four combinations) is example.

One, make inner formword:

1, selects suitable inner formword stroke according to requirement of engineering;

2,, determine tooth bar interval and width according to interior film-strength, concrete pressure;

3, according to conditions such as stroke, tooth bar interval and width, determine the tooth bar specification and make fixed head, craspedodrome plate, two dimensional panel respectively;

4, assembly unit inner formword;

Two, make outer holder:

According to assembly unit (combined planar under the original state) size of inner formword, determine the size and the making of outer holder; The maximum size of outer holder equates with the size of inner formword.

Three, make air bag:

After inner formword extended to maximum size, within it portion produce a space (with original state relatively), make suitable air bag by this size.

Four, make the coiled material groove:

1, determines the coverage of coiled material plate;

2, according to determining good coiled material plate coverage, determine coiled material groove position:

3,, determine the width of coiled material groove notch according to coiled material thickness:

4,, determine the curved shape of coiled material groove according to the material of coiled material;

5,, determine the degree of depth of coiled material groove according to the stroke of unit board;

6, make the coiled material groove.

Five, make expansion bolt:

1,, determines the length of screw rod according to the stroke of unit board;

2, screw rod is installed on the two adjacent module unit plates;

3, connect flexible axle at the two ends of screw rod;

4, the axis hole that flexible axle is passed outer holder stretches out the outer holder back side;

5, connect power sub.

Six, build:

1, earlier inner formword is collapsed to original state;

2, elder generation laterally builds this regional concrete and vibrates;

3, rotate the expansion bolt of this direction, the traction template extends to aequum;

4, build this regional concrete and vibrate vertically building;

5, rotate the expansion bolt of this direction, the traction template extends to aequum;

6, build other regional concrete.

Claims

1, a kind of construction formwork that can change plate face size, be composited by the composite board face, promptly form by inner membrance, inner formword, coiled material plate, air bag, outer holder, steel turn-buckle, can adjust plate face area, it is characterized in that: inner formword is assembled by the mutual interlock of polylith dentation rigid slab (unit board), inner formword is installed in the outer holder of rigidity, is covered with high-intensity thin plate coiled material above it; Air bag is installed in inner formword or outer holder is gone up in the default capsule groove, when it forms the space at unit board (stretching, extension), stretches out in the capsule groove, utilizes air pressure to support concrete pressure; Steel turn-buckle is installed in the inner formword outside, and two ends are installed in respectively in bearing and the nut, and bearing and nut are individually fixed on the unit board of two correspondences; Behind the rotary extension screw, the unit board of two correspondences under the traction of bearing or nut, produces and stretches, thereby adjusted plate face face size respectively; The coiled material plate is installed on the inner formword, the one end fixedly other end is hidden in the roll bending groove, be covered with the tooth bar of unit board, it forms dull and stereotyped under concrete and the extruding of inner formword two sides and produces friction or applying power with inner formword, the roll bending that is hidden in the groove during unit board (tooth bar) slippage is partly extracted out, new part of extracting out is also flattened, still can keep the planar support concrete.

2, inner formword as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: inner formword is made up of unit board, is divided into parallel sliding inner formword and rotational slide inner formword; The parallel sliding inner formword is divided into plane parallel sliding panel and curved surface parallel sliding plate, and the rotational slide inner formword is divided into fixed teeth rotational slide plate and rotary teeth rotational slide plate; Slippage is flexible relatively for two corresponding unit boards in the inner formword, pieces together to form same plane or curved surface mutually at the original state two boards, and mutual interlock forms bigger same plane or curved surface to two plates by tooth bar under extended configuration; The tooth bar section (side) of unit board can be provided with tenon, groove, with the interlock of tongue-and-groove phase, has increased by guidance quality, connective stability and lateral stiffness that two plates slide relatively between the unit board tooth bar of two correspondences.

3, roll bending groove as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the inwall that it is arranged on the unit board is the skewed slot of camber line shape curved surface, and the plate face of curved surface and unit board is tangent; The A/F of roll bending groove equates with roll bending thickness.

4, coiled material plate as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: it is made up of one or more layers coiled material plate, and the one end fixedly other end is hidden in the roll bending groove, and the coiled material plate is drawn out of when enlarging the plate face; When forming the coiled material plate, all use high-strength plate with lamina or doubling plate; When forming the coiled material plate with composite board, the high-strength plate of upper and lower surface, low strong plate can be used in the intermediate layer, and follows the principle of a low strong plate of two high-strength plate therebetween; According to the stressed needs of coiled material plate, it can be curled is arranged in the roll bending groove.

5, steel turn-buckle as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the steel turn-buckle two ends all connect a flexible axle, and flexible axle has changed the axis direction of outer power and it is passed to screw rod; Flexible axle passes outer holder or inner formword (and inner membrance) and stretches out the plate face; By the flexible axle at same direction rotating screw bolt two ends, it is flexible to make nut produce rectilinear motion traction unit plate.

6, outer holder as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the surface (curved surface or plane) of outer holder matches with inner formword; The rigidity of outer holder is the main source of adjustable formwork integral rigidity; Can establish facilities such as chase mortise between outer holder and the unit board, in order to strengthen connection and the guiding between two plates.

7, the described inner formword of claim 1, air bag, outer holder, it is characterized in that: inner formword can not established tooth bar, and after two plates sliped off relatively, its space was directly filled up with air bag, and air bag is hidden in respectively in inner formword or the mill shoe.

8, the unit board of inner formword as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: can establish facilities such as guide rod between the two module unit plates, in order to guiding and strengthen connection between two plates.

9, as the unit board of inner formword as described in the claim 1,2, it is characterized in that: when the parallel sliding plate slides along outer holder, only change the plan-position, do not change plate face direction, it is made up of fixed head, craspedodrome plate, two dimensional panel, externally holder is fixing mutually for fixed head, and the craspedodrome plate externally holds in the palm line sliding mutually, and two dimensional panel is externally held in the palm parallel sliding mutually; The rotational slide plate is that the plate face and the tooth bar of fixed tooth plate are fixed together along outer holder rotational slide, and along the rotation of the same center of circle, the tooth bar of rotation tooth plate is installed on the plate face (strip) with being movably hinged during slip, rotates with concentric not respectively during slip.