CN101644104B

CN101644104B - Adjustable formwork

Info

Publication number: CN101644104B
Application number: CN200810124933.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙长顺
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2008-06-08
Filing date: 2008-06-08
Publication date: 2014-04-16
Anticipated expiration: 2028-06-08
Also published as: CN101644104A

Abstract

The invention relates to a building formwork, which has adjustable plate surface length and width sizes, serves as a supplement of a shaping template, and is used for a non-full plate part. The building formwork consists of an inner membrane, inner templates, an air bag, a coiled material board, expansion bolts (matched with nuts) and an outer support; the inner templates, the air bag and the coiled material board are spliced together correspondingly to form a 'combined plane', the outer support is arranged below the combined plane, and the inner membrane is covered above the combined plane; the back surfaces of two adjacent inner templates are provided with the expansion bolts, and when used, the building formwork is in an original state (the state before extension) first to cast and vibrate the concrete of the area; after that, the expansion bolts are rotated to slide the two adjacent inner templates and increase the length and width sizes so as to enlarge the plate surfaces of the inner templates until the remaining gaps on the whole templates are fully filled; and then, the concretes of other parts are cast continuously to finish the whole casting.

Description

Adjustable formwork

Technical field:

A kind of construction formwork, especially a kind of template of capable of regulating plate face size.

Background technology:

At present, the template that builing industry is used is mostly set shaped steel formwork or wooden form, on-site consolidation or assembling during construction, technology maturation; Though by set shaped steel formwork assembling reliable in quality, required model is assembled complexity more, though use plank assembled convenient, flexible, timber loss is large, and the two all has weak point.

Summary of the invention:

1, the present invention, aims to provide a kind of template that can adjust the wide size of plate face length, as supplementing of typified form, for non-whole board position, to reducing, consumes, and reduces construction cost.

2, this template is combined by composite board, by assemblies such as inner membrance, inner formword, air bag, coiled material plate, expansion bolt, outer brackets, combines (Fig. 1,2); After inner formword, air bag, the corresponding splicing of coiled material plate, form one ' combined planar ', outer bracket is installed below this combined planar, cover inner membrance above; Expansion bolt, is arranged on the inner formword back side.

While 3, using this template concreting, first make template (the combined planar state before not stretching) in a state of nature, build the concrete in this region and vibrate (Fig. 3); After this, rotate expansion bolt the length and width size of two adjacent module unit plates is increased, expand the plate face of inner formword to till filling up the space of non-whole plate; Then, continue to build the concrete (Fig. 4) at other positions.

Inner membrance:

Inner membrance is the thin plate coiled material that intensity is higher, by one or a few, is mutually overlapped, and is overlying on combined planar, prevents running pulp and cushions the slight discrepancy in elevation between the each assembly of combined planar.

Inner formword:

Inner formword (Fig. 5) is polylith dentation rigid slab (abbreviation unit board) combined planar (or curved surface) of interlock composition mutually, is arranged in outer bracket; Two adjacent module unit plates can stretch or rotational slide relatively; Unit board is pressed sliding trace difference, is divided into parallel sliding plate and arc sliding plate two classes.

Parallel sliding plate, refers to that unit board when motion plate face only does parallel slip and plate face direction is constant, comprises plane parallel sliding panel and curved surface parallel sliding plate; Each assembly of plane parallel sliding panel is platen surface, and curved surface parallel sliding refers to that template rotates along axle, and its sliding panel is curved surface, and during slip, the direction of the relative axle of curved surface is constant, and such as cylindrical curved surface plate is with central axis rotation etc.

Arc sliding plate, refers to when unit board slides, not also rotation thereupon of the slippage of palette face and plate face direction, and it is applicable to flat formwork.

Parallel sliding board component is divided into fixed head, linear sliding panel (being called for short craspedodrome plate), optional position parallel sliding plate (abbreviation two dimensional panel); Plate face is the parallel sliding plate of curved surface, although each assembly is curved surface, because it all rotates with same axis on same position, still fixed head, craspedodrome plate, two dimensional panel are called in letter.

Arc sliding plate (Fig. 7,8) point fixed teeth arc sliding plate (being called for short arc andante), two kinds of movable teeth arc sliding plates (abbreviation swivel plate).

Fixed head, is the dentation rigid element plate of relative outer bracket invariant position, is arranged on a certain bight of outer bracket, and it is the initial plate of combined planar, and other plates are take it as basis is assembled and extension.Fixed head can be to be fixedly connected with outer bracket, also can replace with outer bracket material.

Craspedodrome plate is the dentation rigid element plate that relative outer bracket and fixed head parallel lines are slided; The connection relative to fixed head of craspedodrome plate, the tooth bar on its tooth bar and fixed head matches, and during installation, the tooth bar of craspedodrome plate is inserted to the tooth bar gap of fixed head, and two plates form gapless flat board after splicing; Meanwhile, craspedodrome plate is also mated formation in outer bracket, and can unidirectional slip in outer bracket plane.

Two dimensional panel, refers to that relative outer bracket and fixed head can be along the dentation rigid element plates of planar direction parallel slip; Two dimensional panel connection relative to craspedodrome plate, its tooth bar and craspedodrome plate match, and during installation, the tooth bar of two dimensional panel are inserted to the tooth bar gap of craspedodrome plate, and two plates also form gapless flat board after splicing; Two dimensional panel is also mated formation in outer bracket.

Between fixed head and sliding panel (general designation of craspedodrome plate, two dimensional panel, arc line slip plate), be connected steel turn-buckle between sliding panel and sliding panel, rotation screw can draw two unit boards deciliter of corresponding (interlock), expand or dwindle panel plate face, suitable to answer the dimensional requirement of concrete component; Between each unit board, can also set up sliding guide, connect.

The tooth bar of each plate should be made (section for) chase mortise shape, to strengthen snap-in force between adjacent two plates and lateral stiffness, stability, for example, makes dovetail groove shape etc.; It is tight that tooth bar interlock between adjacent two plates is wanted, and to reduce the distortion of coiled material plate and to be beneficial to its deformation, recovers, strengthens guidance quality when flexible between two plates.According to the needs of coiled material plate, tooth bar upper surface can be set up cohesive material or sorptive material, to improve the adhesive force between tooth bar and coiled material plate.Gap between adjacent two tooth bars and tooth bar width etc., depending on coiled material plate and concrete pressure, the high or MULTILAYER COMPOSITE of coiled material plate intensity, concrete pressure hour, the large tooth bar in gap is wide, otherwise in like manner.

In two (fixed head or sliding panel) unit boards of corresponding interlock, open a skewed slot therein in a template, in order to hide coiled material plate, this groove is take arcwall face as good (Fig. 6); The curvature that the arcwall face of arc line shaped skewed slot should meet coiled material plate requires and is tangent with inner formword face, with coiled material plate, does not bend distortion and passes in and out smooth being advisable; The width of notch should match with the thickness of coiled material plate, in working order with condition of equivalent thickness (mouthful wide) or just slightly push down coiled material plate and be advisable, can not be greater than the thickness of coiled material plate: the bottom land of this groove should be appropriate from the distance of inner formword upper surface, during with this groove cavity, can resist concrete pressure and be as the criterion; Groove depth, is advisable to be slightly larger than the hiding length of coiled material; Bottom land can relax, to adapt to roll bending, is crimped onto the situation in groove.

Arc line slip plate, is divided into fixing sector andante and rotation sector andante; Fixing sector andante, refers to that tooth bar is the rigid element plate of arc, and tooth bar is fixed on unit board plate face (Fig. 7); Rotation sector andante, refers to the rigid batten that tooth bar and unit board plate face (pattern plate bolster) rotate take difference as the center of circle respectively, and tooth bar and frame are vertical bar shape, and tooth bar is arranged on the pattern plate bolster of strip (Fig. 8).Fixing sector line slip plate can be track expansion templates area by fixing circular arc; Movable sector andante, can be by any track, expansion templates area.The installation making of arc line slip plate and working method and parallel sliding plate are similar.

Air bag:

Air bag is the flexible encapsulated cavity being hidden in inner formword (or outer bracket) cavity, after two unit boards of correspondence slip off relatively, inner formword plate face after stretching, extension may produce space, become support blind spot, now air bag stretches out and fills up this space, and air bag supports concrete with the gases at high pressure in chamber.Improve the surface support of template, also can replace and solve with additive method.

Because air bag has enabling capabilities, if the relative distance of stretch out and draw back of unit board is suitable, air bag just has the ability to supplement the support in this region, so the situation of kind lower unit plate also can not established tooth bar.

Coiled material plate:

Coiled material plate is the thin coiled material (Fig. 9) being laid on two unit boards that are connected, and thin coiled material is stacked forms by one or more layers for coiled material plate; During work original state, coiled material plate one end is injected in roll bending groove, and the other end is fixed on (this plate also can be established roll bending groove, injects roll bending) in respective panels, and during work end-state, the coiled material plate in groove is flattened by part pull-out, covers on tooth bar; During work original state, concrete outwards pushes coiled material plate, and tooth bar inwardly pushes coiled material plate, coiled material plate is stretched straight, and during work end-state, coiled material plate is supported on the fence of tooth bar formation, utilizes self planar support concrete.

Select when multilayer (more than three layers) coiled material is superimposed makes coiled material plate, low-intensity plate can be selected in intermediate layer, but should follow the principle of a low-intensity plate of two high-strength plate therebetween; Frictional force between each plate should not be too large, also should not be too sliding; Low-intensity plate, under pressure state, or fits tightly with high-strength plate, forms composite plate, strengthens enabling capabilities, or produces compressive strain at tooth bar place, makes the volume of tooth bar gap location expand the high-strength plate on extruding two sides, can strengthen equally enabling capabilities.

Expansion bolt (nut):

Steel turn-buckle (Fig. 9), is comprised of nut, pressure bearing, flexible axle, flexible shaft end etc., and during rotating bolt, the nut (or pressure bearing) being fixed on portable plate is ejected or retracts, and draws two adjacent portable plates relatively flexible; One end of bolt is arranged in pressure bearing, and the other end is arranged in nut, and pressure bearing is arranged on a module unit plate, and nut is arranged on corresponding unit board, and the relative bearing of bolt can only axial rotation; Screw, as adopted the screw rod with positive and negative silk, is distinguished mounting nuts (internal thread opposite direction) on two adjacent unit boards; At the two ends of bolt, connect respectively a flexible axle, flexible axle passes outer bracket or inner formword and inner membrance and stretches out outside, and a power interface of the each installation in outer end of two flexible axles, connects outer power; Flexible axle is passed to screw rod by outer power, and flexible axle has also changed the axis direction of outer power simultaneously.

Outer bracket: adjacent be arranged on portable plate with pressure bearing,

Outer bracket, is a rigid slab, is the supporting plate of inner formword, is also the main force source of adjustable formwork integral rigidity, by making with flat board or bent plate; The size of outer bracket, is equal to the size of the compoboard face of the portable plate under original state; Above outer bracket, be provided with the member being connected with each inner formword.

Accompanying drawing explanation:

Take plane parallel sliding panel as example.

Fig. 1: represent between the unit board under in running order, the plane relation between inner formword and outer bracket.

1 represents outer bracket; 2 represent the fixed head of parallel sliding inner formword; 3 represent the craspedodrome plate of parallel sliding inner formword; 4 represent the two dimensional panel of parallel sliding inner formword; 5 represent air bag.

Fig. 2: represent the relation between inner membrance, inner formword, outer bracket, expansion bolt, left figure represents inner membrance, inner formword, the triangular relation that stacks of outer bracket, and right figure represents the installation relation between expansion bolt and unit board (overleaf).

6 represent inner membrance; 7 represent the inner formword under assembled state; 8 represent expansion bolt, wherein 8.1,8.3 bolts that represent between fixed head and craspedodrome plate, and 8.2,8.4 represent the bolt between craspedodrome plate and two dimensional panel;

Fig. 3: while representing to build the concrete that uses adjustable formwork region, first make adjustable formwork in original state, then build the concrete in this region and vibrate, after this carry out again building of other positions.

9 represent that roll bending hides groove, and it can be arranged on two adjacent unit boards; 10 representatives are covered in the coiled material plate on unit board tooth bar; 11,12,13,14 typified forms that represent respectively in adjustable formwork surrounding, while building, can first build by the dotted line scope in this figure.15 is the space between adjustable formwork and typified form.

Fig. 4: while representing to use the concrete in adjustable formwork region, built behind adjustable formwork original state region, stretched the length and width of adjustable formwork to typified form, then build other regions.

Fig. 5: represent the sectional view of the mutual interlock of tooth bar of two corresponding module unit plates, be slidably connected between inner formword and outer bracket, in figure, single line shade and three line shades represent respectively on the tooth bar of two corresponding unit boards; Grid shadow representation mill shoe, the connector between cloud point shadow representation inner formword and outer bracket.

16, the 17 template teeth that represent respectively on different units plate; 18 represent connector; 19 representatives are located at the link slot in outer bracket;

Fig. 6: represent the profile of relation between coiled material plate, inner formword, outer bracket, represent that coiled material plate covers the position of unit board tooth, coiled material plate external surface and inner formword external surface are flat.

20 represent roll bending groove; 21 represent coiled material plate; 22 represent roll bending fixture; 23 represent roll bending tooth; 24 represent the gap between roll bending tooth and another piece roll bending.

Fig. 7: represent fixed teeth arc shaped rotary flap.

25,26 represent respectively two corresponding fixed teeth unit boards;

Arrow and ω represent the direction of motion of unit board ,+represent to open ,-represent to shrink.

Fig. 8: represent rotary teeth arc.

27 represent the straight-tooth slip sheet frame of arc sliding plate; 28 represent the axle of arc sliding tooth; 29 represent the axle bed of straight-tooth; 30 representative rotation tooth bars; Arrow represents the direction of motion of unit board.

Fig. 9: represent the relation between inner formword, outer bracket, expansion bolt.

31 represent the screw rod of expansion bolt; 32 representative pressure bearing spiders; 33 represent nut; 34 represent flexible axle; 35 represent flexible shaft end; 36 represent flexible axle hole; The direction of motion of V representative unit plate ,+represent to open ,-represent to shrink.

The specific embodiment:

Take plane parallel sliding panel (four combinations) as example.

One, make inner formword:

1, according to requirement of engineering, select suitable inner formword stroke;

2,, according to interior film-strength, concrete pressure, determine tooth bar interval and width;

3,, according to conditions such as stroke, tooth bar interval and width, determine tooth bar specification and make respectively fixed head, craspedodrome plate, two dimensional panel;

4, assembled inner formword;

Two, make outer bracket:

According to assembled (combined planar under original state) size of inner formword, determine the size of outer bracket and make; The maximum size of outer bracket equates with the size of inner formword.

Three, make air bag:

Inner formword is extended to after maximum size, produce a space (with original state comparison) therein, by this size, make suitable air bag.

Four, make coiled material groove:

1, determine the coverage of coiled material plate;

2, according to the coiled material plate coverage determining, determine coiled material groove position:

3,, according to coil thickness, determine the width of coiled material groove notch:

4,, according to the material of coiled material, determine the curved shape of coiled material groove;

5,, according to the stroke of unit board, determine the degree of depth of coiled material groove;

6, make coiled material groove.

Five, make expansion bolt:

1,, according to the stroke of unit board, determine the length of screw rod;

2, screw rod is arranged on two adjacent module unit plates;

3, at the two ends of screw rod, connect flexible axle;

4, flexible axle is stretched out to the outer bracket back side through the axis hole of outer bracket;

5, connect power sub.

Six, build:

1, first inner formword is collapsed to original state;

2, first laterally build the concrete in this region and vibrate;

3, rotate the expansion bolt of this direction, traction template extends to aequum;

4, build the concrete in this region and vibrate vertically building;

5, rotate the expansion bolt of this direction, traction template extends to aequum;

6, build the concrete in other regions.

Claims

1. the construction formwork that can change plate face size, is composited by composite board face, comprises inner membrance, inner formword, coiled material plate, air bag, outer bracket and steel turn-buckle, can adjust plate face area; After inner formword, coiled material plate, the corresponding splicing of air bag, form a combined planar, inner membrance is overlying on and on combined planar, prevents running pulp; It is characterized in that: inner formword is assembled by the mutual interlock of polylith dentation rigid element plate; Inner formword is arranged in the outer bracket of rigidity, is covered with coiled material plate above inner formword; Air bag is arranged in capsule groove default in inner formword or outer bracket, and it,, when unit board stretches formation space, stretches out from capsule groove, utilizes air pressure to support concrete pressure; Steel turn-buckle is arranged on inner formword outside, and two ends are arranged on respectively in bearing and nut, and bearing and nut are individually fixed on two corresponding unit boards; After rotary extension screw, two corresponding unit boards respectively under the traction of bearing or nut, produce flexible, thereby adjusted plate face face size; Coiled material plate is arranged on inner formword, one end is fixed, the other end is hidden in roll bending groove, be covered with the tooth bar of unit board, it forms dull and stereotyped and produces friction or adhesive force with inner formword under concrete and the extruding of inner formword two sides, the coiled material plate being hidden in roll bending groove during the slippage of unit board tooth bar is partly extracted out, and new part of extracting out is also flattened, still can keep planar support concrete.

2. construction formwork as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: inner formword is comprised of unit board, is divided into parallel sliding inner formword and rotational slide inner formword; Parallel sliding inner formword is divided into plane parallel sliding panel and curved surface parallel sliding plate, and rotational slide inner formword is divided into fixed teeth rotational slide plate and rotary teeth rotational slide plate; In inner formword, slippage is flexible relatively for two corresponding unit boards, at original state two boards, spells mutually and can form same plane or curved surface, and under extended configuration, by tooth bar, mutual interlock forms larger same plane or curved surface to two plates; The tooth bar side of unit board can arrange tenon, groove, between the unit board tooth bar of two correspondences, with the interlock of tongue-and-groove phase, has increased guidance quality, connective stability and the lateral stiffness of two plate relative slidings.

3. construction formwork as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the inwall that roll bending groove is arranged on unit board is the skewed slot of arc line shaped curved surface, and the plate face of curved surface and unit board is tangent; The A/F of roll bending groove equates with roll bending thickness.

4. construction formwork as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: coiled material plate is comprised of one or more layers sheet material, and the fixing other end in its one end is hidden in roll bending groove, and when expanding plate face, coiled material plate is drawn out of; According to the stressed needs of coiled material plate, can be by its curling being arranged in roll bending groove.

5. construction formwork as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: steel turn-buckle two ends all connect a flexible axle, and flexible axle has changed the axis direction of outer power and passed to steel turn-buckle; Flexible axle is through outer bracket or inner formword and stretch out plate face; By same direction, rotate the flexible axle at steel turn-buckle two ends, make nut produce rectilinear motion traction unit plate flexible.

6. construction formwork as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: surface and the inner formword of outer bracket match; The rigidity of outer bracket is the main source of adjustable formwork integral rigidity; While establishing chase mortise structure between outer bracket and unit board, can strengthen connecting and steering capability.

7. construction formwork as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: if inner formword is not established tooth bar, after two inner formwords slip off relatively, its space is directly filled up with air bag, and air bag is hidden in inner formword or outer bracket.

8. construction formwork as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: between two module unit plates, establish guide rod device, in order to lead and to strengthen the connection between two plates.