CN101636799B - 用于磁共振检查系统的超导磁体系统 - Google Patents

用于磁共振检查系统的超导磁体系统 Download PDF

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CN101636799B
CN101636799B CN2008800087949A CN200880008794A CN101636799B CN 101636799 B CN101636799 B CN 101636799B CN 2008800087949 A CN2008800087949 A CN 2008800087949A CN 200880008794 A CN200880008794 A CN 200880008794A CN 101636799 B CN101636799 B CN 101636799B
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heat conduction
superconducting magnet
magnet
thermal switch
cooling system
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CN101636799A (zh
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H·蒂明格
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F6/00Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
    • H01F6/02Quenching; Protection arrangements during quenching
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/28Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
    • G01R33/38Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field
    • G01R33/3804Additional hardware for cooling or heating of the magnet assembly, for housing a cooled or heated part of the magnet assembly or for temperature control of the magnet assembly
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/28Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
    • G01R33/38Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field
    • G01R33/3806Open magnet assemblies for improved access to the sample, e.g. C-type or U-type magnets
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/28Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
    • G01R33/38Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field
    • G01R33/381Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field using electromagnets
    • G01R33/3815Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field using electromagnets with superconducting coils, e.g. power supply therefor

Abstract

一种带超导磁体的超导磁体系统,其配备有冷却系统。将热开关配置成使超导磁体耦合至所述冷却系统或从所述冷却系统解耦,使得所述磁体例如在失超情形中可与所述冷却系统解耦。

Description

用于磁共振检查系统的超导磁体系统
技术领域
本发明涉及超导磁体系统,特别是用于磁共振检查系统的超导磁体系统。
背景技术
从欧洲专利申请EP 0 350 264中可获知这种超导磁体。已知的超导磁体包含超导失超保护线圈。所述失超保护线圈包括与铜稳定导线共同缠绕的若干层超导导线。一条导电箔位于导线邻近的层之间。该构造提供了改进的失超传播。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种超导磁体,特别是用于磁共振检查系统的超导磁体,它能够快速斜降。
这一目的在本发明的磁体系统中实现,所述磁体系统包含
-超导磁体
-冷却系统和
-热开关,将其配置成将超导磁体热耦合至所述冷却系统或从所述冷却系统解耦。
在探测到磁体失超的情形中,开启热开关,从而将超导磁体与所述冷却系统解耦。当超导磁体的超导线圈绕组局部变得有阻抗并且通过线圈绕组的电流生成更大的热时,发生失超。在失超情形中,磁体通过以空间分布的方式对线圈绕组进行加热而快速斜降,使整个线圈绕组有阻抗并防止热点出现。由于所述热开关将超导磁体与冷却系统解耦,冷却系统不会消除在失超情形中的加热。因此,提高了失超情形中分布加热的效率。更有效地避免了热点。照这样可避免失超过程变得不稳定。因此抵消了在小热点上所有保存的磁能量的快速消散并且避免了对磁体的损害。
参考附加权利要求界定的各实施例,将进一步详细描述本发明的这些和其他方面。
操作中,将线圈绕组冷却到它们临界温度以下,使得导电线圈绕组处于超导状态。为了冷却线圈绕组,在线圈绕组和冷却系统的冷却头之间设置热传导。所述热传导与所述冷却头和线圈绕组直接热耦合。所述热传导无需使用流体冷冻剂覆盖传导冷却的超导磁体。相反,仅磁体的一些部分直接与低温冷却器的冷却头直接热连接。所述连接可由类似铜或铝的良好热导体或者是热管构成。例如,所述热传导可由围绕所述线圈绕组的热传导环形成,并且它们可通过热传导桥与线圈绕组连接。例如,薄铜线组件适于作为热连接器,其避免涡流或至少使涡流最小。此外,可使用柔性分支状金属(例如,铜)连接器,以将磁体的若干部分与低温冷却器热连接。在热传导的另一样式中,例如磁体的一些部分经由厚的铜或铝导线或条杆或者使用热管技术与所述低温冷却器热连接。然后充分发挥超导材料本身的热传导(其可由线圈绕组的衬底或稳定材料提供)将整个磁体冷却。在冷却头和热传导之间设置所述热开关。这种类型的磁体系统无需使用低温冷却剂(诸如液体He)来冷却所述线圈绕组。对于这些非低温类型的磁体系统,通过在局部失超情形中开启所述热开关,能够实现快速斜降。
在本发明别的方面,所述线圈绕组含有高温超导材料。合适的高温材料是YBa2Cu3O7+(Tc=93K),Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10(Tc=110K)或RuSr2(Gd,Eu,Sm)Cu2O8(Tc=58K)。高温超导材料可在更高的温度下操作,从而无需昂贵和复杂的He浴冷却,而是可由冷却头经热传导进行冷却。然而,本发明提供了具有高温超导线圈绕组的磁体系统,其在失超情形中可快速斜降。
在本发明的一个方面,所述热开关可以基于磁致伸缩或压电的机械开关的形式来实现。磁致伸缩能够使材料在外部磁场的影响下各向异性地膨胀或收缩。压电现象能够使材料在外部电场的影响下各向异性地膨胀或收缩。在该实施例中,所述热开关包括将所述冷却头耦合至所述热传导或从所述热传导解耦的磁致伸缩体或压电体。所述体具有卓越的机械性,从而在超导磁体操作期间进行热接触。在探测到失超情况下,对部件施加电场或磁场,它们可改变所述部件的尺寸,从而防止所述部件与其他热导体的机械/热接触。
在本发明别的方面,可采用基于气/液的热开关,诸如热虹吸或热管。热管展现出比铜或铝更高的有效热传导性。工作流体在热管的热端处蒸发并向冷端处转移,在此冷凝。从这里,(通过重力或者通过使用热管内特定的灯芯状结构)将其转移返回到热端。然而,热管只在热端和冷端的温度与工作气体/流体蒸发和冷凝的温度相对应下工作正常。因此,易于切断所述热传导,例如通过加热所述冷凝器部分或将其额外冷却(切断额外的加热器)从而使工作气体/流体冷凝。在这两种情形中,热传导几乎瞬间停止。此外,热管显示了良好的热传导性,并且管体本身可由(电)绝缘体类材料建造,从而避免涡流。所述加热器可通过标准电阻或电感加热器来实现。
本发明的磁体系统特别适于用在磁共振检查系统中。所述磁共振检查系统生成并接收空间编码磁共振信号,并从采集的磁共振信号中重建待检查对象的磁共振图像。特别地,所述对象是待检查的患者,并且从来自待检查患者的磁共振信号中重建医学诊断图像。
附图说明
参考以下各个实施例并参考伴随性附图,将阐明本发明的这些和其他方面,其中
图1显示了本发明磁体系统的示意性表示。
具体实施方式
图1显示了本发明磁体系统1的示意性表示。磁体系统1包括具有圆柱体形式的超导磁体2。磁体2具有一个或多个超导线圈绕组(未明确地显示)。所述线圈绕组通过将其充分冷却到临界温度以下而实现用于超导的超导性。值得注意的是,所述临界温度取决于线圈绕组材料中的电流密度和磁场强度。特别地,当电流增加时,临界温度降低,甚至当电流密度高于临界电流密度时,超导性停止。同样,当磁场强度增加时临界温度降低。当磁场强度高于临界场强时,超导性停止。当例如局部温度超过临界温度(其由磁场或电流密度的局部增加而引起)时,会出现磁体失超。线圈绕组与热传导6接触,热传导6具有一个或多个由几乎不允许涡流的薄铜导线制成的环61,以及使低温冷却器直接与线圈绕组热连接的桥62。通过热开关4(其位于低温冷却器的冷却头5与热传导6之间),与热传导6耦合的低温冷却器3提供冷却。任选地,可将热开关设在桥62上,从而允许在局部失超附近与冷却器解耦。由低温冷却器3、冷却头5和热传导6形成的冷却系统通过热开关4耦合至超导磁体2或从所述超导磁体2解耦。所述热开关位于冷却头5和所述热传导之间。这实现了单个热开关足以将整个磁体连同其所有的绕组耦合至冷却头5或从所述冷却头5解耦。
在不同的实施例中,例如当热传导用热管来实现时,可将热开关与热传导集成在一起。这样,可使用附接热管的简单加热器来快速切断所述热管的热传导,从而将磁体与低温冷却器解耦。
提供了一种失超保护系统10,其包括监测若干位置的局部电压和温度的若干电压抽头(voltage taps)和/或温度传感器11(图中只明确地显示了一个)。结合所述电压抽头,例如可采用基于铂的温度传感器。如果线圈绕组中的电压或温度局部超过了阈值,则所述线圈绕组局部(可能)变得有阻抗并具有进一步加热和失超即将发生的风险。这样设置线圈绕组的电压或温度的阈值,使得超过所述阈值代表线圈绕组内超导性的消失。所述传感器给失超保护系统的失超控制器12提供了传感器信号。所述失超控制器的软件对所述传感器信号进行解释,并且如果探测到失超即将发生,则失超控制器12开启热开关4,将磁体2与低温冷却器3,特别是冷却头5解耦。

Claims (5)

1.一种超导磁体系统,包括:
-超导磁体
-冷却系统,以及
-热开关,将其配置成使所述超导磁体热耦合至所述冷却系统或从所述冷却系统热解耦。
2.如权利要求1所述的超导磁体,其中
-所述冷却系统包括冷却头
-所述超导磁体包括导电线圈绕组
-所述冷却头与所述线圈绕组之间存在热传导,并且其中
-将所述热开关设在所述冷却头与所述热传导之间。
3.如权利要求2所述的超导磁体,其中,所述线圈绕组含有高温超导材料。
4.如权利要求2所述的超导磁体,其中,所述热开关包括使所述冷却头耦合至所述热传导或从所述热传导解耦的磁致伸缩体或压电体。
5.如权利要求2所述的超导磁体,其中,所述热开关由使所述冷却头耦合至所述热传导或从所述热传导解耦的热管形成,并且所述热管设有温度控制器以调节所述热管的热端和/或冷端处的温度。
CN2008800087949A 2007-03-19 2008-03-14 用于磁共振检查系统的超导磁体系统 Expired - Fee Related CN101636799B (zh)

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