CN101633686B - 废水残渣资源化利用的薯蓣皂甙元生产工艺 - Google Patents
废水残渣资源化利用的薯蓣皂甙元生产工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明废水残渣资源化利用的薯蓣皂甙元生产工艺,是将黄姜配料经过加酶发酵、酸水解分离得到的固液混合液,固体部分,用乙醇提取皂甙后的滤饼主要为纤维、木质素加工作为产品燃料出售;过滤后得到的含多糖分的可发酵料液:经过中和、配料、调pH、灭菌、接种、发酵、口味调配、罐装饮料。薯蓣皂甙元的生产部分是在加酸加α-淀粉酶发酵水解技术基础上进行改进,对工艺条件进行了一些优化,对滤饼、残渣固体废弃物资源化处理工艺过程,变废为宝,使这个工艺起死回生,不但提供的薯蓣皂素是合成甾体激素药物的基础原料和起始中间体,而且又得到了饮料、燃料。解决了环境污染的问题,本发明的工业化实施和完善将有重大的经济效益和社会效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明专利涉及一种药物的基础原料和起始中间体的提取技术,尤其涉及废水残渣资源化利用的薯蓣皂甙元生产工艺。
背景技术
盾叶薯蓣常用名黄姜,为薯蓣科多年生缠绕性草质藤本植物。其根茎中含有薯蓣皂甙(也称皂苷)水解产物薯蓣皂甙元(俗称薯蓣皂素),薯蓣皂素是合成甾体激素药物的基础原料和起始中间体。应用薯蓣皂素可以合成生产所有的甾体激素药物,肾上腺皮激素、性激素、蛋白激素等几百种药物,故有“激素之母”之称,黄姜是一种理想的提取甾体激素的药源植物,故又拥有药用“黄金”之美誉。
一、传统薯蓣提取皂素工艺存在的问题
薯蓣中含40%-50%淀粉,40-50%的纤维素及其他微量化学成份。薯蓣皂甙与纤维素结合存在于细胞质中,用物理方法很难将两者分开,传统薯蓣提取皂素方法主要为盐酸水解法和硫酸水解法,两种酸水解工艺都存在严重的缺点,原料黄姜淀粉水解不彻底,料液中葡萄糖因酸水解时间长、温度高易焦糖化产生不可发酵的焦糖,不利废水后续资源化开发。每生产1吨皂素,需黄姜130吨-180吨,工业盐酸(35%)15~20吨,或硫酸(98%)7-8吨,平均要排放废水450吨,废水指标超过国家标准4-70倍,严重污染江河。
发明内容
黄姜提取皂素工业由于产生大量废水,工艺有“废水王”之称,为此发明了糖化薯蓣淀粉提取皂甙元工艺,综合利用废水,变废为宝,让我们从黄姜中提取皂素同时,可以不排出严重污染环境的巨量废水,本发明完成了糖化薯蓣淀粉提取皂甙元无废污水排放工艺。
废水残渣资源化利用的薯蓣皂甙元生产工艺,是采用以下的技术方案来实现的:废水残渣资源化利用的薯蓣皂甙元生产工艺,将黄姜配料经过加酶发酵、酸水解分离得到的固液混合液,通过过滤后得到的固体部分,经过中和得到含皂甙滤饼,把含皂甙滤饼烘干破碎后,用乙醇提取皂甙—提纯结晶物的化学名称为5一异螺旋烯一3β醇;提取皂甙后再分离后的滤饼主要为植物纤维、木质素,它们经过加压为块状或颗粒状,作为产品燃料出售;通过过滤后得到的液体部分是含多糖分的可发酵料液:过滤料液经过中和、配料、调pH、灭菌、接种、发酵、口味调配、罐装得到用含糖料液发酵生产的饮料。
上述废水残渣资源化利用的薯蓣皂甙元生产工艺,①配料,把黄姜的根茎破碎磨细,一般为过20~30目筛,按料水比1∶4~35装进搅拌式水解罐,再加α-淀粉酶,淀粉酶剂的加入量,随酶活力的高低而定,一般控制5-8单位/g粉料,料液经搅拌均匀后,调pH在5-5.7之间,加入0.15%的氯化钙作为保护剂和激活剂;②糊化在水解罐常压煎煮升温到95-97℃保温60min,加α-淀粉酶对薯蓣淀粉进行糊化;③加H2SO4水解糊精糖化,从搅拌式水解罐进料口再加入用水量3%的98%H2SO4,开动搅拌器搅拌均匀,加压0.23MPa一0.485MPa升温超过溶媒沸点至120-150℃,彻底杀死耐高温α-淀粉酶;④酸水解糖化糊精过滤分离酸水解料液和皂甙元,经1小时左右的酸水解,打开水解罐底出液口,酸水解料液从水解罐底阀流出,流经压滤器滤出不溶于水的纤维素杂质皂甙元滤饼,用石灰乳中和漂洗,其中一、二次洗液合并到过滤料液中进行处理,其后中和漂洗液放入循环洗液池中,再次使用;烘干滤饼,粉碎后,用70%~95%乙醇加热回流3~4小时,分离出热乙醇,再加入乙醇,重复3~4次操作,皂甙溶解于热乙醇中,用合并的提取液提取皂甙元;分离出来的滤饼残渣,将它们干燥后制造成燃料产品。
上述废水残渣资源化利用的薯蓣皂甙元生产工艺,用过滤后含多糖分的料液发酵生产饮料;中和用石灰乳与料液中的硫酸反应生成硫酸钙,沉降于储罐底部,分离去石膏,得到中性的澄清的薯蓣料液,调节料液甜度为20°Bé~30°Bé,低于上述值加入蔗糖调高;调pH为6.2~6.8,料液加热到90℃~95℃,10min~20min灭菌,自然冷却到30℃~35℃接种,菌种为台湾396号酵母和德氏乳干菌,要求接种后每毫升发酵液的菌数要达到1×105~5×106个;发酵:发酵温度25℃~40℃,发酵时间:20h~35h,当发酵pH值达到4~5,乙醇含量0.5%时,终止发酵;饮料风味是甜香。口味调配:发酵终止后,经过检验无有害物质,可以直接饮用,也可根据口味要求添加盐和蔗糖,薯蓣汁饮料进行装瓶,或罐装后,巴氏灭菌包装。灭菌条件为115℃,10min,然后冷却包装入库。
本发明的有益效果:薯蓣皂甙元的生产部分是在加酸加α一淀粉酶发酵水解成熟技术基础上进行改进,对工艺条件进行了一些优化,主要对滤饼、残渣固体废弃物资源化处理一作工业和民用燃料,原来过滤后必须排放到环境中的大量含糖料液,经过含多糖分的料液发酵生产饮料工艺过程,变废为宝,使这个工艺起死回生,不但提供薯蓣皂素是合成甾体激素药物的基础原料和起始中间体,而且又得到了饮料。解决了环境污染的问题,本发明的工业化实施和完善将有重大的经济效益和社会效益。
附图说明
图1本发明工艺流程方框示意图。
在图1中其标记为:01.黄姜配料,1.加酶发酵,2.酸水解,3.过滤分离,4.固体残渣中和洗涤,5.滤饼烘干,6.粉碎,7.乙醇提取皂甙,8.残渣制燃料,9.第3道洗液进入循环池,10.含糖过滤料液,11.澄清石灰水中和,12.配料,13.调pH,14.灭菌,15.接种,16.发酵,17.口味调配,18.罐装。
具体实施方式
实施例
1)黄姜配料,把黄姜的根茎破碎磨细,一般为过20~30目筛,按料水比1∶4~35装进搅拌式水解罐,再加α-淀粉酶,淀粉酶剂的加入量,随酶活力的高低而定,一般控制5-8单位/g粉料,料液经搅拌均匀后,调pH在5-5.7之间,加入0.15%的氯化钙作为保护剂和激活剂。
2)糊化,在常压下煎煮升温到95-97℃保温60min,加α-淀粉酶对薯蓣淀粉进行糊化,作用有三:A使其纤维与淀粉在水溶媒体中分离;B.使水溶媒体中的淀粉细胞膨胀破裂,把不溶水的淀粉转变为可溶于水的淀粉糊精。C.α-淀粉酶能很快水解为糊精和低聚糖范围的大分子,将糊液粘度急速降低,而流动性增高。
3)加H2SO4水解糊精糖化
从搅拌式水解罐进料口再加入用水量3%的98%的H2SO4,开动搅拌器搅拌均匀加压升温,在超过溶媒沸点至120-150℃时,彻底杀死耐高温α-淀粉酶,在相当压力为0.23MPa一0.485MPa,薯蓣糊精中未糊化的淀粉细胞破裂,H2SO4水解糊精和淀粉,使其糖化成可发酵的葡萄糖,R基鼠李糖,半乳糖和阿拉白糖等。因高压高温酸水解糖化薯蓣淀粉时间短,只1小时左右,酸水解生成的葡萄糖不会转化为不可发酵的焦糖,α-淀粉酶不含葡萄糖苷酶,酸水解糖化也不会生成不可发酵的异麦芽糖和番糖。本发明酸水解得到的含多糖废液用于发酵生产薯蓣汁饮料。
按本方法将黄姜这种甾体植物粉碎后放置在密闭式压力水解罐中,加入硫酸催化剂,加压,夹套加热水解后过滤,其含多糖的滤液进行中和后过滤,分离出含糖料液与硫酸盐,其中滤渣经洗涤、干燥后提取皂素,其提取后的残渣主要是纤维素和木质素,用作燃料产品;含糖料液进行微生物发酵转化,生成饮料产品。本方法由于在特定的压力和温度范围内,用硫酸作催化剂进行强制水解,既不破坏皂素的结构,又使甾体植物中各有效组分相互分离,全部转化,可分别回收。清洗滤饼的第三次以后的洗水可用于清洗薯蓣用水或加入水解罐用水,生产用水在整个生产过程中呈闭路循环。
本发明生产工艺过程,基本无废水、废渣、废气的排放。尤其是生产周期短,水解反应仅数小时。经济效益和环境效益显著。
采用本方法进行实施结果如下:
小试;水解鲜黄姜20000克,得水解物1140克,提取皂素140克,回收率7.0‰;
中试:水解鲜黄姜800千克,得水解物61千克,提取皂素5.6千克,回收率7.‰。
用薯蓣含糖废液发酵生产薯蓣汁饮料中,没有将所有的废液进行试验,仅取用其中50千克进行发酵生产薯蓣汁饮料试验:其中,
1,菌种:取用台湾396号酵母和德氏乳干菌作发酵菌种,要求接种后每毫升发酵液的菌数要达到1×105~5×106个;发酵:发酵温度25℃~40℃,发酵时间:20h~35h,当发酵pH值达到4~5,乙醇含量0.5%时,终止发酵;由于两种菌种的协同作用,饮料风味是甜香。然后,进行口味调配:发酵终止后,经过检验无有害物质,可以直接饮用,也可根据口味要求添加盐和蔗糖,薯蓣汁饮料进行装瓶,或罐装后,巴氏灭菌包装。灭菌条件为115℃,10min,然后冷却包装入库。
2,实验原料薯蓣废液的成分:
总糖18.25%,氨基酸0.063%,硫酸根4.2%,氯根0.45%
3,薯蓣废液的预处理
由于薯蓣废液中含有大量的硫酸,对下一步的发酵不利,在实验前必须进行处理,将其袪除。方法是在加热下用石灰与硫酸反应,生成硫酸钙沉淀,并用过滤方法去除。即调整pH为6.2~6.8。
4,实验结果
将薯蓣废液添加蔗糖,糖度的配制为30%,经灭菌后,接种台湾396号酵母和德氏乳干菌作发酵菌种,发酵3天,发酵完成后即可得到具有甜香口味的薯蓣汁饮料。
Claims (3)
1.废水残渣资源化利用的薯蓣皂甙元生产工艺,其特征是将黄姜配料经过加酶发酵、酸水解分离得到的固液混合液,通过过滤后得到的固体部分,经过中和得到含皂甙滤饼,把含皂甙滤饼烘干破碎后,用乙醇提取皂甙-提纯结晶物的化学名称为Δ5一异螺旋甾烯-3β-醇;提取皂甙后再分离后的滤饼主要为植物纤维、木质素,它们经过加压为块状或颗粒状,作为产品燃料出售;通过过滤后得到的液体部分是含多糖分的可发酵料液:过滤料液经过中和、配料、调pH、灭菌、接种、发酵、口味调配、罐装得到用含糖料液发酵生产的饮料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的废水残渣资源化利用的薯蓣皂甙元生产工艺,其特征是它的生产工艺是,①配料,把黄姜的根茎破碎磨细,一般为过20~30目筛,按料水比1∶4~35装进搅拌式水解罐,再加α-淀粉酶,淀粉酶剂的加入量,随酶活力的高低而定,一般控制5-8单位/g粉料,料液经搅拌均匀后,调pH在5-5.7之间,加入0.15%的氯化钙作为保护剂和激活剂;②糊化即常压煎煮升温到95-97℃保温60min,加α-淀粉酶对淀粉进行糊化;③加H2SO4水解糊精糖化,从搅拌式水解罐进料口再加入用水量3%的98%H2SO4,开动搅拌器搅拌均匀,加压0.23MPa一0.485MPa升温超过溶媒沸点至120-150℃,彻底杀死耐高温α-淀粉酶;④酸水解糖化糊精过滤分离酸水解料液和皂甙元,经1小时左右的酸水解,打开水解罐底出液口,酸水解料液从水解罐底阀流出,流经压滤器滤出不溶于水的纤维素杂质皂甙元滤饼,用石灰乳中和漂洗,其中一、二次洗液合并到过滤料液中进行处理,其后中和漂洗液放入循环洗液池中,再次使用;烘干滤饼,粉碎后,用70%~95%乙醇加热回流3~4小时,分离出热乙醇,再加入乙醇,重复3~4次操作,皂甙溶解于热乙醇中,用合并的提取液提取皂甙元;分离出来的滤饼残渣,将它们干燥后制造成燃料产品。
3.根据权利要求1所述的废水残渣资源化利用的薯蓣皂甙元生产工艺,其特征是用过滤后含多糖分的料液发酵生产饮料;中和用石灰乳与料液中的硫酸反应生成硫酸钙,沉降于储罐底部,分离去石膏,得到中性的澄清的薯蓣料液,调节料液甜度为20°Bé~30°Bé,低于上述值加入蔗糖调高;调pH为6.2~6.8,料液加热到90℃~95℃,10min~20min灭菌,自然冷却到30℃~35℃接种,菌种为台湾396号酵母和德氏乳杆菌,要求接种后每毫升发酵液的菌数要达到1×105~5×106个;发酵:发酵温度25℃~40℃,发酵时间:20h~35h,当发酵pH值达到4~5,乙醇含量0.5%时,终止发酵;口味调配:发酵终止,经过检验无有害物质,可以直接饮用,根据口味要求添加盐和蔗糖,薯蓣汁饮料进行装瓶,或罐装,巴氏灭菌包装;灭菌条件为115℃,10min,然后冷却包装入库。
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