CN101633133B - Machine tools and air pressure switching method for machine tools - Google Patents
Machine tools and air pressure switching method for machine tools Download PDFInfo
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- CN101633133B CN101633133B CN200910161203.8A CN200910161203A CN101633133B CN 101633133 B CN101633133 B CN 101633133B CN 200910161203 A CN200910161203 A CN 200910161203A CN 101633133 B CN101633133 B CN 101633133B
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- pressure
- air
- cutting oil
- main shaft
- aeroseal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
- B23Q11/1015—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work by supplying a cutting liquid through the spindle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/12—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/007—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for managing machine functions not concerning the tool
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/72—Sealings
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Auxiliary Devices For Machine Tools (AREA)
- Turning (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an air pressure switching method for machine tools. The inventive machine tool comprises a detection part, an air pressure switching device and a control device. The detection part detects whether an cutting oil is existing for supplying to the front end part of the tool. The air pressure switching device switches the pressure of the air supplied by a loop which is formed by sealing the air into high pressure or low pressure. The control device controls the air pressure switching device based on the detection of the detection part and switches the pressure of the air supplied by the loop formed by sealing the air into high pressure when the cutting oil is supplied. The control device controls the air pressure switching device and switches the pressure of the air supplied by the loop formed by sealing the air into low pressure when the cutting oil is not supplied. When the cutting oil is supplied, the high-pressure air seal membrane reliably isolate the cutting oil and prevents it entering into a bearing of a main shaft. When the cutting oil is not supplied, the air consumption quantity is reduced to lower the running cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lathe and the air pressure switching method that can supply with cutting oil towards the leading section that is arranged on the instrument on main shaft, also can form in the surrounding of instrument and main shaft aeroseal film.
Background technology
Machining center (Machining Centre) is by automatic tool exchange, to carry out the lathe of the multiple processing such as Milling Process, Drilling operation, tapping processing.Machining center comprises: holding tools portion, tool replacing apparatus.The multiple types of tools being maintained on tool retainer is taken in by holding tools portion.Holding tools portion sends required instrument towards changing position.Tool replacing apparatus is set up in change bit the instrument that receiving tool incorporating section is sent.The instrument that tool replacing apparatus carrying receives, is arranged on main shaft.Meanwhile, tool replacing apparatus is pulled down the instrument of finishing using from main shaft.Tool replacing apparatus is transported to the instrument of pulling down to change position, makes it return to holding tools portion.
The instrument being arranged on main shaft rotates by the rotation of main shaft, processing work.Machining center produces smear metal because of tool processes workpiece.The smear metal producing is attached on tool retainer sometimes, and when the instrument of replacing between entering tool keeper and main shaft.Can produce thus the problem that this smear metal hinders tool positioned, the more problems such as problem of making a mess of main shaft and tool retainer.
The problem causing in order to solve smear metal, the front end ejection cutting oil of the instrument of lathe in the past from processing washes away smear metal.When the front end ejection cutting oil from instrument, cutting oil is ejected into sometimes on workpiece and rebounds, and enters the bearing of supports main shaft.The lubricating grease that the cutting oil entering can be used lubricating bearings washes away, and has the problem of the durability decline of bearing.
In the lathe of recording at 1991 No. 130341 communique of the practical new case communique of the day disclosure, from the gap ejection air of main shaft and bearing cap, and in above-mentioned gap, shading ring is set.Shading ring is converted to radiation direction by the direction of the air of ejection and cutting oil.The cutting oil rebounding from workpiece because of ejection air and shading ring can not enter bearing.
The lathe that 1991 No. 130341 communique of the practical new case communique of the day disclosure recorded is provided with shading ring, and number of spare parts increases, manufacturing cost rising.Due to the air from gap ejection high pressure, so shading ring becomes unnecessary.In this case, the consumption figure of air is more, and the operating cost of lathe increases.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of air that aeroseal is formed to loop ejection when the leading section towards instruments such as drill bits is supplied with cutting oil to switch to the lathe of high pressure and the air pressure switching method of lathe.
The lathe of technical scheme 1 comprises: towards the leading section that is arranged on the instrument on main shaft supply with cutting oil cutting oil supply circuit, from the end ejection air of main shaft shell the aeroseal that forms the aeroseal film that the surrounding of above-mentioned main shaft and instrument is surrounded with ring-type, form loop, also comprise: whether detect above-mentioned cutting oil supply circuit at the test section of supplying with cutting oil; The pressure of the air that above-mentioned aeroseal formation loop is supplied with switches to the air pressure switching device of high pressure or low pressure; And when above-mentioned test section detects the supply of cutting oil, move above-mentioned air pressure switching device is switched to high-pressure side, moves above-mentioned air pressure switching device is switched to the control device of low-pressure side when above-mentioned test section does not detect the supply of cutting oil.
Whether test section detects is supplying with cutting oil towards the leading section that is arranged on the instrument on main shaft.Control device is controlled the switching action of air pressure switching device according to the detection of test section.The pressure of the air that aeroseal formation loop is supplied with becomes high pressure by the action of air pressure switching device.Aeroseal forms loop and forms the annular seal film that the surrounding of main shaft and instrument is firmly surrounded.Diaphragm seal cuts off the cutting oil rebounding from workpiece.Therefore, this cutting oil can not enter the bearing that supports this main shaft.The pressure that aeroseal forms the air of supplying with in loop becomes low pressure when not supplying with cutting oil, reduces the consumption figure of air.
In the lathe of technical scheme 2, above-mentioned test section detects the supply that has or not above-mentioned cutting oil according to the control command of procedure.
Because test section detects the supply that has or not cutting oil according to the control command of procedure, therefore can in the situation that not using specific detectors, detect reliably the supply of cutting oil.
In the lathe of technical scheme 3, above-mentioned air pressure switching device has: be configured in above-mentioned aeroseal and form the solenoid-operated proportional pressure-control valve on loop and the valve control part of controlling this solenoid-operated proportional pressure-control valve.
Air pressure switching device has: solenoid-operated proportional pressure-control valve and the valve control part of controlling this solenoid-operated proportional pressure-control valve, therefore, suitably the pressure of setting air is big or small.
In the lathe of technical scheme 4, above-mentioned air pressure switching device comprises: be configured in side by side the mobile direction switch valve that above-mentioned aeroseal forms low-pressure regulator and high pressure regulator on loop, switches air between this low-pressure regulator and high pressure regulator.
Air pressure switching device can be utilized and be configured in aeroseal and form pressure-control valve midway of loop or low-pressure regulator, high pressure regulator and direction switch valve and form simply.Pressure-control valve adoption rate pressure-control valve, thus can suitably set the size of high pressure and low pressure.
In the air pressure switching method of the lathe of technical scheme 5, above-mentioned lathe comprises: the cutting oil supply circuit of supplying with cutting oil towards the leading section that is arranged on the instrument on main shaft, the aeroseal of the aeroseal film surrounding of above-mentioned main shaft and instrument being surrounded with ring-type from end ejection air the formation of main shaft shell forms loop, when above-mentioned cutting oil supply circuit is supplied with cutting oil, the pressure that makes above-mentioned aeroseal form the air of supplying with in loop becomes high pressure, when above-mentioned cutting oil supply circuit is not supplied with cutting oil, the pressure that makes above-mentioned aeroseal form the air of supplying with in loop becomes low pressure.
When cutting oil supply circuit is not supplied with cutting oil towards the leading section that is arranged on the instrument on main shaft, it is low pressure by the pressure setting of the air of supply that aeroseal forms loop, when cutting oil supply circuit is supplied with cutting oil towards the leading section that is arranged on the instrument on main shaft, it is high pressure by the pressure setting of the air of supply that aeroseal forms loop.The air pressure switching method of above-mentioned lathe seals by the air of high pressure the cutting oil that rebounds and from workpiece from the front end ejection of instrument.Therefore, can effectively prevent that cutting oil from entering the bearing of main shaft.
The pressure that aeroseal forms the air of supplying with in loop becomes low pressure when not supplying with cutting oil, reduces the consumption figure of air.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the front view of lathe of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the stereogram of machine tool main body of the lathe of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the front view of spindle nose and tool replacing apparatus.
Fig. 4 is the top view of seeing from the below of main shaft and tool replacing apparatus.
Fig. 5 is the front view that comprises the pillar of spindle nose and main shaft.
Fig. 6 is arranged on the side view of the main shaft on spindle nose.
Fig. 7 is the enlarged drawing of the major part of Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is the amplification view of the fore-end of main shaft.
Fig. 9 is the structure chart of cutting oil supply circuit.
Figure 10 is the block diagram of the control system of lathe.
Figure 11 means the figure of an example of procedure.
Figure 12 means the flow chart of the step of air pressure switching controls.
Figure 13 means the block diagram of the structure of air pressure switching device.
Figure 14 means the block diagram of structure of the second embodiment of air pressure switching device.
Figure 15 is provided with manometric figure in the second embodiment of air pressure switching device, is equivalent to Fig. 6.
Figure 16 is provided with the figure of pressure sensor in the second embodiment of air pressure switching device, is equivalent to Fig. 6.
The specific embodiment
Below with reference to the accompanying drawing that represents preferred forms, describe the present invention in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, lathe 1 of the present invention (machining center) comprising: cast base station 2 made of iron, cover the protection baffle plate 4 on the top of this base station 2.Protection baffle plate 4 surrounds the outside that is arranged on the machine tool main body 3 (with reference to Fig. 2) on base station 2.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, base station 2 is the rectangular-shaped of the upper length of Y direction (fore-and-aft direction).Base station 2 is arranged in floor by the 2a of foot being arranged in four corners of bottom.
As shown in Figure 1, protection baffle plate 4 is casees of cuboid.Protection baffle plate 4 is fixed on base station 2.Two fan doors 5,6 are configured in the front portion of protection baffle plate 4. Door 5,6 comprises: windowpane 5a, 6a; And handle 5b, 6b.Door 5,6 can move along left and right directions.Operator is by catching handle 5b, 6b, and moving door 5,6, opens and closes the front surface of protecting baffle plate 4.Operator opens door 5,6, on the workbench 10 of machine tool main body 3, installs and removes workpiece.Workpiece on workbench 10 is processed under door 5,6 pent states.Operator is by being arranged on the windowpane 5a on door 5,6, the machining state that 6a confirms workpiece.
The guidance panel 80 of operation lathe 1 is arranged on the anterior right side of protection baffle plate 4.Guidance panel 80 comprises: operating portion 81, display part 82.Operating portion 81 is the keyboards that have numerical key for setting various numerical value, are used to indicate the operated key etc. of various operations.Display part 82 is displays of the operating condition that shows lathe 1 in picture, the content of operation of operating portion 81 etc.Operator is by checking the demonstration of display part 82, and operating operation portion 81 specifies the procedure of workpiece, kind of the instrument 26 (with reference to Fig. 3) that uses etc.
As shown in figure 10, the operating portion 81 of guidance panel 80 and the input interface 54 of control device 50 are connected.Control device 50 is by bus 57, to connect the microcomputer of CPU51, ROM52 and RAM53.The CPU51 of control device 50 reads in the content of operation of operating portion 81 by input interface 54.CPU51, by the content of operation with reference to operating portion 81, moves according to the control program being stored in ROM52, controls lathe 1.
The display part 82 of guidance panel 80 drives loop 65 to be connected with the output interface 55 of control device 50 by display part.The CPU51 of control device 50 drives loop 65 to send action command by output interface 55 towards display part.Display part 82 drives the action in loop 65 to carry out required demonstration by display part.
As shown in Figure 2, machine tool main body 3 comprises: be arranged on the center upper portion of base station 2 workbench 10, be arranged on the pillar (Column) 16 of workbench 10 rear sides.
Workbench 10 is supported on the top of base station 2 by having the brace table 12 of rectangular shape.Brace table 12 comprises the X-axis feed guide (not shown) extending along X-direction (left and right directions) at an upper portion thereof.X-axis feed guide supports to workbench 10 can move.Workbench 10 moves up at right and left along X-axis feed guide by the rotation of X-axis motor 71 (with reference to Figure 10).
The top of X-axis feed guide is covered by telescopic lid 13,14.Lid 13,14 is connected with the side of the left and right of workbench 10.Lid 13,14 is moved and stretches along X-direction by workbench 10, covers all the time the top of X-axis feed guide.
The front upper lateral part of Y-axis feed guide is covered by telescopic protecgulum 15.Protecgulum 15 is connected with the front surface of brace table 12.Protecgulum 15 is moved and stretches along Y direction by brace table 12 and workbench 10.The rear upper lateral part of Y-axis feed guide is covered by the bonnet of chevron (not shown).The leading section of bonnet is connected with the rear surface of brace table 12.The rearward end of bonnet runs through the bottom of pillar 16 and extends to rear.Bonnet is moved and moves along fore-and-aft direction along Y direction by brace table 12 and workbench 10.Protecgulum 15 and bonnet cover the top of Y-axis feed guide all the time.
The smear metal that lid 13,14, protecgulum 15 and bonnet disperse while preventing on workbench 10 processing work and the spittle of cutting oil are attached on X-axis feed guide and Y-axis feed guide.Workbench 10 can successfully move along X-axis feed guide.Workbench 10 and brace table 12 can successfully move along Y-axis feed guide.
The form that pillar 16 is upwards erect with vertical arranges in present portion 23, and this portion 23 is arranged on base station 2.Pillar 16 comprises the Z axis feed guide (not shown) extending along Z-direction (above-below direction) in its front portion.Z axis feed guide supports main shaft head 7.Spindle nose 7 is risen and declines along Z axis feed guide by the rotation of Z axis motor 73 (with reference to Figure 10).
As shown in figure 10, X-axis motor 71 drives loop 61 to be connected with the output interface 55 of control device 50 by X-axis.Y-axis motor 72 drives loop 62 to be connected with the output interface 55 of control device 50 by Y-axis.Z axis motor 73 drives loop 63 to be connected with the output interface 55 of control device 50 by Z axis.Spindle Motor 8 is connected with the output interface 55 of control device 50 by main shaft drives loop 64.
The CPU51 of control device 50 drives loop 61, Y-axis to drive loop 62, Z axis to drive loop 63 and main shaft drives loop 64 to send action command towards X-axis respectively by output interface 55.X-axis motor 71 drives the action in loop 61 to rotate by X-axis.Y-axis motor 71 drives the action in loop 62 to rotate by Y-axis.Z axis motor 73 drives the action in loop 63 to rotate by Z axis.Spindle Motor 8 rotates by the action in main shaft drives loop 64.
As shown in Figure 2, pillar 16 is at its rear side support and control case 19.Control device 50 is accommodated in the inside of control cabinet 19.Pillar 16 is at its right side supporting tool changing device (ATC) 20 more.Tool replacing apparatus 20 comprises: tool storage room 21, replacing arm 22.
As shown in Figure 3, tool storage room 21 is configured in the right side of spindle nose 7.Changing arm 22 is configured between tool storage room 21 and main shaft shell 9.Tool storage room 21 is taken in the multiple types of tools using in processing.Tool storage room 21 is sent instrument according to the instruction of control device 50 towards changing position.
Change the lower end that arm 22 is arranged on the arm axle 22c extending along the vertical direction.When arm axle 22c rotates, change arm 22 and rotate in horizontal plane.When arm axle 22c moves vertically, change arm 22 and rise or decline.As shown in Figure 4, change arm 22 and comprise: two arm 22b, 22b centered by arm axle 22c, extending in the opposite direction each other, and grasping part 22a, the 22a of arm 22b, 22b front end.
As shown in Figure 6, Figure 7, main shaft 9a is hollow axle, is supported on the inside of main shaft shell 9 by bearing 9b, the 9c of upper and lower separate configuration.
As shown in Figure 6 to 8, main shaft 9a comprises tool mounting hole 29 on its bottom.Tool mounting hole 29 has towards the shape of top taper undergauge.Main shaft 9a within it side comprises: pull bar 25, handle sturcture 28.Pull bar 25 is biased mechanism 27 application of force upward.Handle sturcture 28 is configured in the top of tool mounting hole 29.Handle sturcture 28 links with the lower end of pull bar 25.
When changing arm 22 rotation, the grasping part 22a, the 22a that change arm 22 alternately move to the replacing position of lower position and the tool storage room 21 of main shaft shell 9.Being positioned at the tool retainer 60 of changing the instrument 26 that the grasping part 22a of position sends tool storage room 21 catches.The grasping part 22a that is positioned at the lower position of main shaft shell 9 catches the tool retainer 60 that is arranged on the instrument 26 on main shaft 9a.
As shown in Figure 3, instrument 26 remains on tool retainer 60.Tool retainer 60 comprises: handle (shank) 60a of portion, pulling double-screw bolt (retention knob) 60b of portion.Shank 60a is towards the cone shape of front end taper undergauge.Pulling the 60b of double-screw bolt portion is the pole fixing with the leading section of shank 60a.
As shown in Figure 3, the grasping part 22a, the 22a that change arm 22 are so that shank 60a and pull the 60b of double-screw bolt portion form upward tool retainer 60 is caught.When changing arm 22 decline, the tool retainer 60,60 of the instrument 26,26 that grasping part 22a, 22a catch leaves towards the below of tool storage room 21 and main shaft 9a.When changing arm 22 Rotate 180s °, tool retainer 60,60 reversing of position of instrument 26,26.Change arm 22 by rising after Rotate 180 °, it is upper that the tool retainer 60 of the instrument 26 that a grasping part 22a is caught is arranged on main shaft 9a, and make the tool retainer 60 of the instrument 2 that another grasping part 22a catches return to tool storage room 21.
The shank 60a of tool retainer 60 is close to the tool mounting hole 29 being arranged on main shaft 9a by changing the rising of arm 22, and tool retainer 60 and instrument 26 are positioned on the axle center of main shaft 9a.The pulling double-screw bolt 60b of portion of tool retainer 60 enters the handle sturcture 28 continuous with tool mounting hole 29.Handle sturcture 28, by the front end of the pulling double-screw bolt 60b of portion entering is caught, prevents coming off of tool retainer 60 and instrument 26.
Lathe 1 comprises cutting oil supply circuit.As shown in Figure 9, cutting oil supply circuit comprises two pumps 76,78.The cutting oil that pump 76 is stored cutting fuel tank 79 draws up, and after pressurization, discharges.As shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 5, the cutting oil that pump 76 is discharged is discharged from being arranged on the front end of the discharge nozzle 11 sidepiece of spindle nose 7.Discharge nozzle 11 can free bends, can change the direction of front end.The cutting oil that discharge nozzle 11 is discharged is ejected on workpiece on workbench 10, in processing, cooling workpiece and instrument 26, and the smear metal of generation is washed away.
The cutting oil that pump 78 is stored cutting fuel tank 79 draws up, and after pressurization, discharges.The discharge side of pump 78 is connected with the top of Spindle Motor 8 with joint 30 by cutting oil flexible pipe 31.As shown in Figure 6, joint 30 links with cutting oil path 24a, 25a.Cutting oil path 24a is formed in the path on the output shaft 24 of Spindle Motor 8.Cutting oil path 25a is the path that the axle center part of the pull bar 25 in main shaft 9a runs through formation.The cutting oil that pump 78 is discharged arrives the leading section of main shaft 9a via the inside of cutting oil flexible pipe 31 and cutting oil path 24a, 25a.
The cutting oil that arrives main shaft 9a front end is via being arranged on the front end ejection of the internal path (not shown) of tool retainer 60 on tool mounting hole 29 and instrument 26 from instrument 26.The cooling workpiece of cutting oil and the instrument 26 of ejection, and the smear metal of generation is washed away.
As shown in figure 10, pump 76,78 drives loop 66,68 to be connected with the output interface 55 of control device 50 by pump.The CPU51 of control device 50 drives loop 66,68 to send action command, driving pump 76,78 towards pump respectively by output interface 55.
Lathe 1 comprises that aeroseal forms loop.As shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 8, aeroseal forms loop and comprises the air outlet 32 on the bottom that is arranged on main shaft shell (housing) 9.Air outlet 32 is with form that the outside of the bottom of main shaft 9a is surrounded opening annularly.
As shown in Figure 6 to 8, main shaft shell 9 comprises the fixing bearing cap 33 by plurality of bolts 33a in its bottom.Bearing cap 33 comprises the air flue 33c radially running through.The medial end of air flue 33c is being arranged on air chamber 34 inner openings of the ring-type between bearing cap 33 and main shaft 9a.The outboard end of air flue 33c links with air supply source 49 (with reference to Figure 13) by joint 38 and air hose 39.
The periphery of main shaft 9a in its lower end comprises labyrinth (labyrinth) parts 35.Labyrinth parts 35 are fixed on the boundary portion with bearing cap 33 by plurality of bolts 35a.Between labyrinth parts 35 and bearing cap 33, form labyrinth path 37.Labyrinth path 37 is connected with air chamber 34 with the annulus 36 between main shaft 9a by bearing cap 33.Air outlet 32 is to be arranged on the lower surface of labyrinth parts 35 with the continuous form of labyrinth path 37.
Aeroseal forms loop, by air hose 39 and joint 38, the forced air of air supply source 49 generations is sent into air flue 33c.Forced air in air flue 33c, via air chamber 34, annulus 36 and labyrinth path 37, blows out towards below from the air outlet 32 of ring-type.The air that air outlet 32 blows out forms the aeroseal film that the surrounding ring-type of main shaft 9a is surrounded.Aeroseal film by the front end ejection from instrument 26, be ejected into workpiece and the cutting oil rebounding cuts off.
Aeroseal forms loop and comprises air pressure switching device 40, and this air pressure switching device 40 switches to high pressure (for example 0.1MPa) or low pressure (for example 0.03MPa) by the pressure of sending into the air of air flue 33c.As shown in figure 13, air pressure switching device 40 comprises the pressure-control valve 41 on the discharge line 43 that is configured in air supply source 49.Pressure-control valve 41 is solenoid-operated proportional pressure-control valves.Discharge line 43 is connected with air hose 39.
As shown in figure 10, pressure-control valve 41 drives loop 69 to be connected with the output interface 55 of control device 50 by valve.The CPU51 of control device 50 drives loop 69 to send action command by output interface 55 towards valve.Valve drives the solenoid 42 of loop 69 driving pressure control valves 41.The pressure of the air of sending towards discharge line 43 for example becomes high pressure by the solenoid 42 of driving pressure control valve 41.
Lathe 1 comprises checkout gear, and this checkout gear detects and has or not the cutting oil of supplying with towards the front end of instrument 26.Checkout gear, by detecting the control command of the driving of the pump 78 of indicating cutting oil supply circuit, can detect the supply of cutting oil.
Figure 11 means an example of the procedure that the display part 82 of guidance panel 80 in the processing of workpiece shows.Procedure is recorded with NC language.Display part 82 shows procedure by the piece of multirow.The required control commands of action such as rotation that the piece of procedure comprises the relatively moving of workpiece on execution work platform 10 and instrument 26, instrument 26.
" M494 " in Figure 11 is that the control command of cutting oil is supplied with in indication towards the front end of instrument 26." M495 " is the control command that the supply of indication cutting oil stops.The CPU51 of control device 50 will be when carrying out control command " M494 " during to execution control command " M495 " during be judged to be and supply with cutting oil.
According to the flow chart of Figure 12, the air pressure switching controls that control device 50 is carried out describes.Si in Figure 12 (i=1,2 ...) mean the step number of the action step of CPU51.
When lathe 1 starts, the pressure-control valve 41 of air pressure switching device 40 is switched to low-pressure side.Air outlet 32 is discharged the air of low pressure all the time.By CPU51 procedure according to the rules, move, the workpiece on lathe 1 processing work platform 10.Procedure operates to select to the operating portion 81 of guidance panel 80 by operator.CPU51 reads in selected procedure the operating area of RAM53, starts processing process according to procedure.
When lathe 1 starts, the CPU51 of control device 50 carries out (S1) of initial setting action.Initial setting action comprises: the action, the wait that pressure-control valve 41 are switched to low-pressure side come the wait of Choice and process program to select action by the operation of operating portion 81.
The CPU51 of control device 50 reads in selected procedure Yi Kuaiwei unit, and interpretative order content (S2).Whether the CPU51 decision instruction content of control device 50 is ejection instructions (S3) of low pressure cutting oil.(S3 when being ejection instruction; Be), the CPU51 of control device 50 starts the supply (S4) of low pressure cutting oil.
Low pressure cutting oil is the cutting oil that discharge nozzle 11 is discharged.In S4, the CPU51 of control device 50 sends action command towards pump driving loop 66 and carrys out driving pump 76.The low pressure cutting oil that discharge nozzle 11 is discharged is ejected on workpiece on workbench 10, in processing, cooling workpiece and instrument 26.(S3 when the command content of S2 is not the ejection instruction of low pressure cutting oil; No), whether the CPU51 decision instruction content of control device 50 is ejection halt instructions (S5) of low pressure cutting oil.(S5 when being ejection halt instruction; Be), the CPU51 of control device 50 stops the supply (S6) of low pressure cutting oil.In S6, the CPU51 of control device 50 stops the action command that pump drives loop 66, stops pump 76.
Command content at S2 is not the ejection of low pressure cutting oil, (S3, S5 during any instruction in halt instruction; No), whether the CPU51 decision instruction content of control device 50 is ejection instructions (S7) of high pressure cutting oil.(S7 when being the ejection instruction of high pressure cutting oil; Be), the CPU51 of control device 50 starts the supply of high pressure cutting oil, and the pressure of the air that air pressure switching device 40 is supplied with is switched to high pressure (for example 0.1MPa) (S8).
High pressure cutting oil is the cutting oil from the front end ejection of instrument 26 via the inside of main shaft 9a.In S8, the CPU51 of control device 50 sends action command towards pump driving loop 68 and carrys out driving pump 78.From cutting oil cooling of tool 26 and the workpiece of the front end ejection of instrument 26, and the smear metal producing during by processing work washes away.
Meanwhile, the CPU51 of control device 50 drives loop 69 to send action command, the solenoid 42 of driving pressure control valve 41 towards valve.Air outlet 32 blows out the air of high pressure, firmly forms the aeroseal film that the surrounding of main shaft 9a and instrument 26 is surrounded with ring-type.Aeroseal film prevents from being ejected on workpiece and the cutting oil rebounding enters bearing 9b.Therefore, lathe 1 can be eliminated lubricating grease that lubricating bearings 9b uses because of the problem of cutting oil stripping.
Only blowing out of pressure-air implemented during the front end ejection cutting oil from instrument 26.The consumption figure of air can suppress lowlyer, can reduce the operating cost of lathe 1.The present invention can implement simply by appending air pressure switching device 40.
When the CPU51 of control device 50 moves according to the flow chart of Figure 12, the ejection that starts of high pressure cutting oil be take the ejection of low pressure cutting oil and is stopped as condition.The ejection concurrently simultaneously of low pressure cutting oil and high pressure cutting oil.
(S7 when the command content of S2 is not the ejection instruction of high pressure cutting oil; No), whether the CPU51 decision instruction content of control device 50 is ejection halt instructions (S9) of high pressure cutting oil.(S9 when being ejection halt instruction; Be), the CPU51 of control device 50 stops the supply of high pressure cutting oil, and the air pressure switching device 40 of supplying with air pressure is switched to low pressure (for example 0.03MPa) (S10).
In S10, the CPU51 of control device 50 stops issuing the action command that pump drives loop 68, stops pump 78.Meanwhile, the CPU51 of control device 50 stops issuing the action command that valve drives loop 69, stops the driving of the solenoid 42 of pressure-control valve 41.
Command content at S2 is not the ejection of ejection, halt instruction and the high pressure cutting oil of low pressure cutting oil, (S3, S5, S7, S9 during any instruction in halt instruction; No), whether the CPU51 decision instruction content of control device 50 is EP (end of program) instruction (S11).(S11 when command content is EP (end of program) instruction; Be), the CPU51 finishing control action of control device 50.
(S11 when command content is not EP (end of program) instruction; No), the CPU51 of control device 50 carries out other according to each command content and processes (S12).
The CPU51 of control device 50 transfers to the piece (S13) below of procedure, returns to S2, explains new command content.After S4, S6, S8, S10 carry out, the CPU51 of control device 50 also carries out S13.
In superincumbent action, the CPU51 of control device 50 judges that according to control command (" M494 " and " M495 ") supply of high pressure cutting oil starts and supply with to stop.Have or not the supply of high pressure cutting oil in the situation that not using special detection device, to detect reliably.The CPU51 that carries out S3, S5, S7, S9 is equivalent to test section.The CPU51 that carries out S8, S10 is equivalent to valve control part.
Solenoid-operated proportional pressure-control valve and valve drive the voltage of loop 69 outputs to change pro rata the flow through the air of solenoid-operated proportional pressure-control valve.Pressure-control valve 41 adopts solenoid-operated proportional pressure-control valve, thereby can change as required the pressure size of pressure-air and low-pressure air.The pressure (0.1MPa) of the pressure of above-mentioned low-pressure air (0.03MPa), pressure-air is illustration, can suitably change.
Figure 14 represents the second embodiment of air pressure switching device.The air pressure switching device 40A of Figure 14 comprises low-pressure regulator 91, high pressure regulator 92 and the direction switch valve 93 on the discharge line 43 that is configured in air supply source 49.Low-pressure regulator 91 is connected side by side with high pressure regulator 92.Direction switch valve 93 is configured in the downstream of low-pressure regulator 91 and high pressure regulator 92.
Pressure gauge also can configure as shown in Figure 15 (being illustrated as pressure gauge 97) and Figure 16 (being illustrated as pressure sensor 99).
In Figure 15, pressure gauge 97 is arranged on joint 30, and this joint 30 will be connected to the top of Spindle Motor 8 from the extended cutting oil flexible pipe 31 of pump 78.The pressure of the cutting oil that 97 pairs of internal paths towards tool retainer 60 and instrument 26 of pressure gauge are supplied with detects.
At the detection signal of pressure gauge 97, for example, during less than a reference value (1V), control device 50 is judged to be and supplies with low pressure cutting oil.When the detection signal of pressure gauge 97 equates with a reference value or be larger than a reference value, control device 50 is judged to be and supplies with high pressure cutting oil.
In Figure 16, pressure sensor 99 is installed in the pressure port of the leading section periphery upper shed of main shaft shell 9.Pressure port is connected with the leading section of main shaft 9a.Pressure sensor 99 detects the pressure of the cutting oil of the leading section that arrives main shaft 9a.Pressure sensor 99 detects the surge of the cutting oil that sprays, rebounds with workpiece collision from the front end of instrument 26.
The detection signal of pressure sensor 99 changes in the scope of 0V～5V.The variable quantity of detection signal is corresponding with the surge of cutting oil.Detection signal at pressure sensor 99 is Vd[V] time, the CPU51 of control device 50 makes aeroseal form the pressure P A[MPa of the pressure-air of supplying with in loop] be for example changed to PA=(1/50) * Vd.
The pressure energy of pressure-air is adjusted meticulously according to the size of the surge of the cutting oil rebounding from workpiece.
Below the variation of partial alteration's embodiment described above is described.
1) link position of air hose 39 is not limited to the position shown in embodiment.Air hose 39 also can be connected with the end that is arranged on the air flue 33c on spindle nose 7 or main shaft shell 9.
2) in embodiment, cutting oil supply road 24a, 25a are arranged on the output shaft 24 and pull bar 25 of Spindle Motor 8.Cutting oil flexible pipe 31 also can be arranged on output shaft 24 and be connected with the swivel joint of the joint portion of pull bar 25, directly towards cutting oil, supply with the internal feed cutting oil of road 25a.
3) lathe 1 of embodiment is the vertical machine of workbench 10 and instrument separate configuration Shang Xia 26.The present invention also can be applied to horizontal machine tool.
Can be clear and definite according to detailed description above, lathe of the present invention comprises test section, air pressure switching device and control device.Test section detects the cutting oil that has the ejection of the leading section of the instrument of having no way of.The pressure that air pressure switching device forms by aeroseal the air of supplying with in loop switches to high pressure or low pressure.Control device is controlled the switching action of air pressure switching device according to the detection of test section.When supplying with cutting oil, the pressure that aeroseal is formed to the air of supplying with in loop is made as high pressure, firmly forms the aeroseal film of the ring-type that the surrounding of instrument and main shaft is surrounded.Aeroseal film cuts off cutting oil and makes it rest on inside, prevents that it from entering the bearing of supports main shaft.Bearing keeps preventing the lubricated kilter with lubricating grease stripping.When not supplying with cutting oil, the pressure that aeroseal is formed to the air of supplying with in loop is made as low pressure.Therefore, lathe can reduce the consumption figure of air, reduces operating cost.
Claims (4)
1. a lathe, comprise: towards the leading section that is arranged on the instrument on main shaft supply with cutting oil cutting oil supply circuit, from the end ejection air of main shaft shell the aeroseal that forms the aeroseal film that the surrounding of described main shaft and instrument is surrounded with ring-type, form loop, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Test section, this test section is installed in the leading section periphery upper shed of described main shaft shell the pressure port that is connected with the leading section of described main shaft, and the surge by the cutting oil that detects leading section ejection from described instrument, rebound with workpiece collision detects described cutting oil supply circuit and whether supplying with cutting oil;
Air pressure switching device, the pressure that this air pressure switching device forms by described aeroseal the air of supplying with in loop switches to high pressure or low pressure; And
Control device, when described test section detects the supply of cutting oil, described control device is switched to high-pressure side by described air pressure switching device, and the size of the surge detecting according to described test section is adjusted the pressure that described aeroseal forms the pressure-air of supplying with in loop, when described test section does not detect the supply of cutting oil, described control device is switched to low-pressure side by described air pressure switching device.
2. lathe as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described air pressure switching device has:
Be configured in described aeroseal form solenoid-operated proportional pressure-control valve on loop and
Control the valve control part of described solenoid-operated proportional pressure-control valve.
3. lathe as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described air pressure switching device has: be configured in side by side the mobile direction switch valve that described aeroseal forms low-pressure regulator on loop and high pressure regulator and switch air between this low-pressure regulator and high pressure regulator.
4. the air pressure switching method of a lathe, described lathe comprises: towards the leading section that is arranged on the instrument on main shaft supply with cutting oil cutting oil supply circuit, from the end ejection air of main shaft shell the aeroseal that forms the aeroseal film that the surrounding of described main shaft and instrument is surrounded with ring-type, form loop, the air pressure switching method of described lathe is characterised in that
Utilization is installed on the test section in the leading section periphery upper shed of described main shaft shell the pressure port that is connected with the leading section of described main shaft, the surge of the cutting oil that detect leading section ejection from described instrument, rebounds with workpiece collision,
When described cutting oil supply circuit is supplied with cutting oil, the pressure that makes described aeroseal form the air of supplying with in loop becomes high pressure, and the size of the surge detecting according to described test section is adjusted the pressure that described aeroseal forms the pressure-air of supplying with in loop, when described cutting oil supply circuit is not supplied with cutting oil, the pressure that makes described aeroseal form the air of supplying with in loop becomes low pressure.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2008189348A JP2010023202A (en) | 2008-07-23 | 2008-07-23 | Numerical value control type machine tool, and air pressure switching method for numerical value control type machine tool |
| JP2008189348 | 2008-07-23 | ||
| JP2008-189348 | 2008-07-23 |
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| CN101633133A CN101633133A (en) | 2010-01-27 |
| CN101633133B true CN101633133B (en) | 2014-02-19 |
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| JP (1) | JP2010023202A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR101027214B1 (en) |
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| CN102941505B (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2015-07-29 | 无锡贝斯特精机股份有限公司 | Movable spring air tightness detection apparatus |
| JP6581170B2 (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-09-25 | ファナック株式会社 | Machine Tools |
| JP6737843B2 (en) | 2018-07-23 | 2020-08-12 | ファナック株式会社 | Spindle device |
| CN110193641B (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2024-06-14 | 南京宁庆数控机床制造有限公司 | Lathe bed of electrolytic machining lathe |
| CN111037358B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-01-19 | 绍兴圣万特热流道有限公司 | Hot runner mold machining equipment capable of improving automation degree |
| CN112935871A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-06-11 | 济宁市技师学院 | Numerical control machine tool with machining cutter capable of monitoring feedback in real time |
| CN113203517B (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2022-12-13 | 上海冉能自动化科技有限公司 | Air pressure detection method |
| CN114472933B (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-06-24 | 南通固邦数控机床有限公司 | A high-efficient type digit control machine tool for parts machining |
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| CN85107710A (en) * | 1985-04-18 | 1986-10-15 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | Prevent the equipment of invasion of cutting liouid in replaceable head type machine tool |
| CN101028689A (en) * | 2006-02-28 | 2007-09-05 | 大隈株式会社 | Dust protection mechanism for main shaft |
| JP3130341U (en) * | 2006-09-22 | 2007-03-22 | 長興化学工業股▲ふん▼有限公司 | Optical film |
| CN201027986Y (en) * | 2007-02-09 | 2008-02-27 | 北京精雕科技有限公司 | Helical seal device at end of electric principal shaft |
| CN201040347Y (en) * | 2007-06-01 | 2008-03-26 | 杭州友佳精密机械有限公司 | Main axle cutting liquid oil circuit and scrap blowing mechanism |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN101633133A (en) | 2010-01-27 |
| JP2010023202A (en) | 2010-02-04 |
| KR101027214B1 (en) | 2011-04-06 |
| KR20100010908A (en) | 2010-02-02 |
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