CN101628969A - 一种姜黄素聚合物的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种姜黄素聚合物的制备方法,包括:在催化剂的作用下,将姜黄素与单体溶于有机溶剂中,于0~100℃缩聚反应1~48小时,经纯化处理得到姜黄素聚合物;所述的单体为二酸单体、二酸酐单体、二酰氯单体、二烯单体、二醇单体中的一种或多种。该方法简单,操作方便,制备得到的姜黄素聚合物具有出色的热稳定性,储存稳定性,可控的分子量以及可控的降解速率,与姜黄素本身相比,不仅极大地提高了姜黄素的稳定性和生物利用率,同时明显提高了姜黄素对癌细胞的细胞毒性和抗癌能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药技术领域,具体涉及一种姜黄素聚合物的制备方法。
背景技术
姜黄素,即(E,E)-1,7-双(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-1,6-庚二烯-3,5-二酮,是一种从襄荷科多年生草本植物姜黄的地下根中提取的疏水多酚。在古代印度和中国,姜黄素就被用作食品香料。在传统中药中,姜黄素被作为伤口愈合和治疗肝脏疾病的药物。
近来,人们发现姜黄素具有各种各样的生物和药理活性,如抗氧化、抗炎、抗菌、抗真菌、抗癌和防癌作用等。姜黄素由于具有独特的抗癌和防癌作用,受到了广泛的关注。作为抗氧化剂,姜黄素可以抑制细胞增生,有望成为一种新的抗癌药物。据报道,姜黄素可以与多种重要的细胞靶点,如NF-κB作用,从而阻止或抑制蛋白激酶C、人体表皮生长因子受体(HER-2)酪氨酸激酶和人体表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)酪氨酸激酶的功能,进而引起细胞凋亡。体外试验表明,姜黄素对MCF-7乳腺癌(idyalakshmi,K.;Rashmi,K.N.;Pramod,T.M.;Siddaramaiah,J.Macromol.Sci.,Pure&Appl.Chem.2004,A41,1115-1122)和HT29人体结肠癌(MParadkar,A.;Ambike,A.A.;Jadhav,B.;Mahadik,K.R.Int.J.Pharm.2004,271,281-286)都具有抗癌活性,其IC50(50%抑制的浓度)大概为20~75μM。报道称姜黄素可以用来制备肿瘤多药耐药性的预防剂和逆转药物,如申请号为200710070320.4的中国专利申请中公开了一种姜黄素在制备肿瘤多药耐药预防剂中的用途;申请号为200610163262.5的中国专利申请中公开了一种姜黄素用于制备治疗恶性肿瘤耐药的逆转药物的应用。
临床和多种动物模型试验表明,即使在很高的剂量下,姜黄素在药理学上也是安全的。例如,在一期临床试验中,即使每日摄入量达到12g,姜黄素也没有表现出系统毒性(Jackson,J.K.;Zhang,X;Stevyn,L.;William,L.H.;Helen,M.,B.Int.J.Pharm.,2004,270,185-198);在另一临床二期试验中,在任何摄入量下,姜黄素都没有表现出系统毒性(Nam,S.H.;Nam,H.Y.;Joo,J.R.;Baek,.S.;and Park,J.S.Bull.Korean Chem.Soc.2007,28,397-402)。然而,由于姜黄素不易吸附、代谢快,导致其生物利用率较低。有关实验表明,姜黄素因其较低的生物利用率,对于肝癌和肺癌均没有表现出抗癌性。因此,即使姜黄素在药理学上安全并且能对多种疾病起作用,但是它至今仍未被批准作为药物使用。另外,姜黄素在酸性条件下不能溶于水中,而在中性或者碱性条件下又快速分解,使得它的生物利用率低,不能直接作为药物使用。
目前,人们利用脂质体(Li,L.;Braiteh,F.S.;Kurzrock,R.Cancer 2005,104,1322-1331)和纳米颗粒(Karikar,C.;Maitra,A.;Bisht,S.;Feldmann,G.;Soni,S.;Ravi,R.J.Nanobio-technol.2007,5,3.)负载姜黄素,或者使用树枝状聚合物(Shi,W.;Dolai,S.;Rizk,S.et al.Org.Lett.2007,9,5461-5464.)、聚乙二醇(Safavy,A.;Raisch,K.P.;Mantena,S.;et al.J.Med.Chem.2007,50,6284-6288)等聚合物制备姜黄素键合物,或者对姜黄素进行化学修饰使其变成水溶性物质(Dubey,S.K.;Sharma,A.K.;Narain,U.;Misra,K.;Pati,U.Eur.J.Med.Chem.2008,43,1837-1846.),提高其稳定性和生物利用率。也有专利报道利用磷脂负载载姜黄素以改进其生物利用率(Giori,Milano(IT);Federico Franceschi,Milano(IT),Phospholipidcomplexes of curcumin having improved bioavailability,US,2009,0131373A1)。但是这些方法的负载效率和负载能力都很差,所以在应用时须要使用大量的载体材料。另外,这些方法所得到的药物在血液中的稳定性较差,可能会引起暴释,导致药物不能到达肿瘤位置,影响其抗癌性能。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种姜黄素聚合物的制备方法,利用天然抗癌药物姜黄素与一种或多种单体聚合,制备具有抗癌活性的姜黄素聚合物,提高了姜黄素在药物中的载药量。该制备方法简单,操作方便,适于工业化生产。
一种姜黄素聚合物的制备方法,包括:在催化剂的作用下,将姜黄素与单体溶于有机溶剂中,于0~100℃(优选30~50℃)缩聚反应1~48小时,经纯化处理得到姜黄素聚合物。
所述的单体可选用二酸单体、二酸酐单体、二酰氯单体、二烯单体、二醇单体中的一种或多种;选用多种单体时,可以将多种单体同时加入与姜黄素反应,也可以分开逐步加入与姜黄素反应,各单体的摩尔比例可以根据实际需要任意选择,为了得到分子量较大且在体内停留时间合适的姜黄素聚合物,优选姜黄素与二醇的总量与二酸单体、二酸酐单体、二酰氯单体、二烯单体中的一种或多种的摩尔比为0.5~1.5。
由于姜黄素带有两个羟基,二酸单体中的羧基、二酸酐单体中的酸酐、二酰氯单体中的酰氯都能与姜黄素的两个羟基发生缩合反应生成姜黄素聚合物;二烯单体能与姜黄素的两个羟基发生加成反应生成姜黄素聚合物;二醇单体具有与姜黄素一样的官能团,用作共聚单体可以改善姜黄素聚合物的水溶性。
所述的二酸单体优选丙二酸、丁二酸、戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、葵二酸、对苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、5-羟基间苯二酸、3,3′-二硫代二丙酸乙二酸等中的一种或多种。
所述的二酸酐单体优选均苯四甲酸酐、环丁烷四甲酸二酐、3,3′-二硫代二丙酸乙二酸酐、二亚乙基三胺五乙酸二酐、丙二酸酐、丁二酸酐、戊二酸酐、己二酸酐、庚二酸酐、辛二酸酐、壬二酸酐、葵二酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐等中的一种或多种。
所述的二酰氯单体优选草酰、丙二酰氯、丁二酰氯、戊二酰氯、己二酰氯、庚二酰氯、辛二酰氯、壬二酰氯、葵二酰氯、对苯二甲酰氯、邻苯二甲酰氯、间苯二甲酰氯、邻苯二甲酰氯等中的一种或多种。
所述的二醇单体为任意两端带羟基的二醇,优选带羟基端基的聚乙二醇大分子单体,如单甲氧基聚乙二醇(PEG-diol),更优选数均分子量为200~2000的聚乙二醇。
所述的二烯单体优选二乙烯基砜、三乙二醇二乙烯基醚等中的一种或多种。
所述的催化剂选用本领域缩聚反应常用的催化剂即可,如N,N-二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)、4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)、对甲苯磺酸、三乙胺等中的一种或多种;催化剂的用量为本领域缩聚反应的常用剂量。
所述的有机溶剂选用本领域缩聚反应常用的有机溶剂即可,如二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃(THF)等。
所述的纯化处理根据制备得到的姜黄素聚合物的特性用溶剂沉淀纯化即可,一般采用无水乙醚进行沉淀纯化。
本发明的制备方法可以根据实际需要制备得到聚合度从十几到一百、分子量在几千到十几万的姜黄素聚合物,该姜黄素聚合物溶于水或在含水的溶液中会形成纳米颗粒,可直接作用于体内。姜黄素的是疏水性的,与其他单体聚合物以后,引入了亲水链段如PEG,通过疏水相互作用自组状形成纳米颗粒。
本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明方法简单,操作方便,制备得到的姜黄素聚合物具有出色的热稳定性,储存稳定性,可控的分子量以及可控的降解速率,与姜黄素本身相比,不仅极大地提高了姜黄素的稳定性和生物利用率,同时明显提高了姜黄素对癌细胞的细胞毒性和抗癌能力,有望成为一类新的抗癌药物。
附图说明
图1为实施例8制备的姜黄素聚合物对癌细胞的细胞毒性效果图;
图2为实施例8制备的姜黄素聚合物的体内抗癌效果图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
将2.000g姜黄素和1.183g均苯四甲酸酐溶解在50ml DMSO中,在50℃反应24小时,产物用THF沉淀,洗涤得到姜黄素均苯四甲酸聚合物。将该聚合物1g溶解到40ml DMSO中,加入2g单甲氧基聚乙二醇(数均分子量Mn=1100),2.5g DCC和0.2g DMAP,反应24小时后,用无水乙醚沉淀,得到2.2g具有如下结构式的最终产物,产率74%。
上述结构式中,m=24.5,5<n<100。
实施例2
除了用二亚乙基三胺五乙酸二酐代替均苯四甲酸酐,其余操作均与实施例1相同,得到2.3g具有如下结构式的最终产物,产率75%。
上述结构式中,m=24.5,5<n<100。
实施例3
除了用环丁烷四甲酸二酐代替均苯四甲酸酐,其余操作均与实施例1相同,得到2.0g具有如下结构式的最终产物,产率70%。
上述结构式中,m=24.5,5<n<100。
实施例4
将1.000g姜黄素与0.571g 3,3′-二硫代二丙酸,以及1.15g DCC和0.1g DMAP溶解在40ml THF中,在室温下搅拌1天后,用大量冰的无水乙醚沉淀,再用THF溶解,然后用无水乙醚沉淀纯化,得到1.1g具有如下结构式的最终产物,产率85%。
上述结构式中,5<n<100。
实施例5
将0.876g姜黄素、1.0g 3-巯基丙酸、4.755g PEG-diol(其数均分子量Mn为2000),以及2.0g DCC和0.1g DMAP溶解在80ml THF中,室温下搅拌一天,用大量无水乙醚沉淀后,再用THF溶解,然后用无水乙醚沉淀纯化,得到5.2g具有如下结构式的最终产物,产率74%。
上述结构式中,m=45,5<p<100,5<q<100。
实施例6
将0.552g姜黄素、0.600g二乙烯基砜、1.400g PEG-diol(其数均分子量Mn为400)和10μg对甲苯磺酸溶解在50ml THF中,50℃搅拌12小时后,用正己烷沉淀,然后再次从THF中沉淀纯化,得到1.8g具有如下结构式的最终产物,产率72%。
上述结构式中,m=45,5<p<100,5<q<100。
实施例7
将1.800g姜黄素、1.0g三乙二醇二乙烯基醚和10μg对甲苯磺酸溶解在40ml THF中,在50℃反应12小时后,用正己烷沉淀,再用THF溶解,然后用无水乙醚沉淀纯化,得到2.4g具有如下结构式的最终产物,产率80%。
上述结构式中,5<n<100。
实施例8
将1.10g姜黄素、1.40g PEG-diol(其数均分子量Mn为200)、2.12g三乙二醇二乙烯基醚和20μg对甲苯磺酸溶解在50ml THF中,在50℃反应过夜,加入无水乙醚沉淀,再用THF溶解,用无水乙醚沉淀纯化,得到3.6g具有如下结构式的最终产物,产率77%。
上述结构式中,m=45,5<p<100,5<q<100。
实施例9
将1.1g姜黄素和0.72g三乙胺溶解在50ml THF中,在冰水浴下,把0.553g丁二酰氯缓慢滴加到姜黄素的THF溶液中,在室温下反应过夜,然后用正己烷沉淀下来,得到1.3g具有如下结构式的产物,产率78%。
上述结构式中5<n<100。
以实施例8制备的姜黄素聚合物(简称聚合物8)为例,利用本领域通用的检测细胞存活和生长的MTT(3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐)法检测聚合物8对癌细胞SKOV-3、OVCAR、MCF-7的细胞毒性,将SKOV-3细胞、OVCAR细胞、MCF-7细胞分别用聚合物8处理72h,然后在空白培养基中培养24h,计算癌细胞的存活率,具体如图1所示。
其中,MTT法的检测原理为:活细胞线粒体中的琥珀酸脱氢酶能使外源性MTT还原为水不溶性的蓝紫色结晶甲瓒(Formazan)并沉积在细胞中,而死细胞无此功能。二甲基亚砜(DMSO)能溶解细胞中的甲瓒,用酶联免疫检测仪在490nm波长处测定其光吸收值,可间接反映活细胞数量。在一定细胞数范围内,MTT结晶形成的量与细胞数成正比。
从图1可看出:实施例8制备的姜黄素聚合物对SKOV-3、OVCAR、MCF-7具有比姜黄素更高的细胞毒性,通过将姜黄素做成聚合物,极大地提高了姜黄素对癌细胞的作用效果,有望实现临床应用。
在以实施例8合成的聚合物为例的小鼠体内实验中,注射药物的剂量为100mg/kg,48小时后,注射实施例8制备的姜黄素聚合物的小鼠的肿瘤重量为0.4870g,而对照的注射磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)的小鼠体内的肿瘤为1.5737g,这证明实施例8制备的姜黄素聚合物具有极高的抑制肿瘤生长的能力,具体如图2所示。
Claims (10)
1、一种姜黄素聚合物的制备方法,包括:在催化剂的作用下,将姜黄素与其它单体溶于有机溶剂中,于0~100℃缩聚反应1~48小时,经纯化处理得到姜黄素聚合物;
所述的其它单体为二酸单体、二酸酐单体、二酰氯单体、二烯单体、二醇单体中的一种或多种。
2、如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的二酸单体为丙二酸、丁二酸、戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、葵二酸、对苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、5-羟基间苯二酸、3,3′-二硫代二丙酸乙二酸中的一种或多种。
3、如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的二酸酐单体为均苯四甲酸酐、环丁烷四甲酸二酐、3,3′-二硫代二丙酸乙二酸酐、二亚乙基三胺五乙酸二酐、丙二酸酐、丁二酸酐、戊二酸酐、己二酸酐、庚二酸酐、辛二酸酐、壬二酸酐、葵二酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐中的一种或多种。
4、如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的二酰氯单体为草酰、丙二酰氯、丁二酰氯、戊二酰氯、己二酰氯、庚二酰氯、辛二酰氯、壬二酰氯、葵二酰氯、对苯二甲酰氯、邻苯二甲酰氯、间苯二甲酰氯、邻苯二甲酰氯中的一种或多种。
5、如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的二醇单体为两端带羟基的二醇。
6、如权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的二醇单体为带羟基端基的聚乙二醇。
7、如权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的二醇单体为数均分子量为200~2000的聚乙二醇。
8、如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的二烯单体为二乙烯基砜、三乙二醇二乙烯基醚中的一种或两种。
9、如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:姜黄素与二醇单体的总量与二酸单体、二酸酐单体、二酰氯单体、二烯单体的一种或多种的摩尔比为0.5~1.5。
10、如权利要求1~9任一所述的制备方法制备得到的姜黄素聚合物。
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CN103214359B (zh) * | 2013-04-08 | 2015-05-20 | 洛阳师范学院 | 一种姜黄素低聚物的制备方法 |
CN105646861A (zh) * | 2014-12-02 | 2016-06-08 | 上海交通大学 | 基于聚姜黄素的两亲性嵌段共聚物及其应用 |
CN107522850A (zh) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-29 | 南宁学院 | 一种水溶性姜黄素聚合物的制备方法 |
CN107522850B (zh) * | 2017-08-30 | 2020-04-24 | 南宁学院 | 一种水溶性姜黄素聚合物的制备方法 |
CN110051855A (zh) * | 2019-03-14 | 2019-07-26 | 合肥工业大学 | 一种活性氧响应性高载药量的聚姜黄素前药型纳米载体的制备及应用 |
CN111671915A (zh) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-09-18 | 华南理工大学 | 一种多聚姜黄素丁二酸酐大分子衍生物及其制备方法和应用 |
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