CN101625418A - Method and device for imaging optimized angle of well earthquake reflected wave - Google Patents
Method and device for imaging optimized angle of well earthquake reflected wave Download PDFInfo
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- CN101625418A CN101625418A CN200910160016A CN200910160016A CN101625418A CN 101625418 A CN101625418 A CN 101625418A CN 200910160016 A CN200910160016 A CN 200910160016A CN 200910160016 A CN200910160016 A CN 200910160016A CN 101625418 A CN101625418 A CN 101625418A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for imaging an optimized angle of a well earthquake reflected wave, comprising the following steps: carrying out VSP-CDP conversion of each concentrical depth point according to well data of an objective area to obtain an imaging section set; obtaining an optimized angle upper limit value according to acoustic logging data or zero VSP speed data of the objective area; and stacking and imaging sections which are smaller than the optimized angle upper limit value in the imaging section set. The method can eliminate wave shape distortion, frequency reduction, polarity inversion and statistical noise interference of a small-angle area for wide-angle reflection and can increase a reflected wave imaging resolution ratio to really reflect the vertical and horizontal variation of underground media.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the seismic data process field, relate in particular to a kind of imaging optimized angle of well earthquake reflected wave method and device.
Background technology
At present, the well earthquake reflected wave formation method is: superposeing on central depths point road collection or the common-shot-gather altogether, each common central depths point road collection can produce a vertical seismic profiling (VSP)-common depth point (Vertical Seismic Profiling-Common Depth Point, abbreviate VSP-CDP as) imaging, a plurality of central depths point road collection altogether generate a plurality of VSP-CDP imaging section set, and all sections that section is concentrated carry out the full angle stacking image then.As shown in Figure 1, provided at Shengli Oil Field and cultivated the effect synoptic diagram that the full angle stacking image is carried out reflection wave in 71 areas.
The inventor is in realizing process of the present invention, and there are the following problems at least to find prior art: because seismic wavelet and reflection coefficient all change with reflection angle, therefore the precision of above-mentioned formation method is not high; Because the singularity of well earthquake data collection can make reflection wave have the wide-angle event that surpasses critical angle, and under the wide-angle event situation, reflection wave tends to produce such as effects such as wave form distortion, frequency reduction, polarity upsets, if carry out stacking image to the up reflection wave of all incident angles this moment, to cause catoptric imaging resolution to reduce, and can not reflect truly underground medium in length and breadth to variation.
Summary of the invention
Embodiment of the invention technical matters to be solved is, a kind of imaging optimized angle of well earthquake reflected wave method is provided, solve reflection wave and cause imaging resolution to reduce because wide-angle event takes place, can not reflect truly underground medium in length and breadth to the problem of variation.
The embodiment of the invention another technical matters to be solved is, a kind of imaging optimized angle of well earthquake reflected wave device is provided, solve existing reflection wave imaging device imaging resolution low and can not reflect truly underground medium in length and breadth to the problem that changes.
For achieving the above object, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of imaging optimized angle of well earthquake reflected wave method, comprising:
Well earthquake data according to the objective area is carried out the VSP-CDP conversion to each common central depths point, obtains imaging section set;
Acoustic logging data or zero VSP speed data according to crosshole seismic mark area are calculated the optimized angle higher limit;
Section less than the optimized angle higher limit in the described imaging section set is carried out stacking image.
Wherein, described acoustic logging data or zero VSP speed data acquisition optimized angle higher limit according to the objective area can comprise: calculate the stratum critical angle in each reflection horizon, objective area, and obtain described optimized angle higher limit according to the stratum critical angle in each reflection horizon, objective area of being calculated.
Described acoustic logging data or zero VSP speed data according to the objective area obtains the optimized angle higher limit and can also comprise: the composite traces of making different incidence angles or reflection angle according to the acoustic logging data or the zero VSP speed data of objective area obtains described optimized angle higher limit according to described reflection spot angular-trace gather then to obtain the reflection spot angular-trace gather.
The imaging optimized angle of well earthquake reflected wave method also can comprise: the crosshole seismic reflection spot angular-trace gather according to objective area reality obtains the optimized angle lower limit, and concentrates the section greater than the optimized angle lower limit to carry out stacking image described imaging section.
For achieving the above object, the embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of imaging optimized angle of well earthquake reflected wave device, and this device comprises:
The imaging section set generation unit is used for according to the well earthquake data of objective area each common central depths point being carried out the VSP-CDP conversion, obtains imaging section set;
Computing unit is used for obtaining the optimized angle higher limit according to the acoustic logging data or the zero VSP speed data of objective area;
The stacking image unit is used for described imaging section set is carried out stacking image less than the section of optimized angle higher limit.
Wherein, described computing unit also can comprise:
First computing module is used for the stratum critical angle of calculating each reflection horizon, objective area according to the acoustic logging data or the zero VSP speed data of objective area;
Second computing module, the stratum critical angle that is used for each reflection horizon of calculating according to described first computing module obtains described optimized angle higher limit.
Described computing unit also can comprise:
Reflection spot angular-trace gather computing module; Be used for making the composite traces of different incidence angles or reflection angle to obtain the reflection spot angular-trace gather according to the acoustic logging data or the zero VSP speed data of objective area;
The higher limit acquisition module is used for obtaining described optimized angle higher limit according to described reflection spot angular-trace gather.
This device also can comprise: the lower limit acquisition module is used for obtaining the optimized angle lower limit according to the crosshole seismic reflection spot angular-trace gather of objective area reality; Wherein
Described stacking image unit also is used for concentrating the section greater than the optimized angle lower limit to carry out stacking image described imaging section.
The embodiment of the invention has following beneficial effect: by the imaging section set in preferred range of angles is carried out stacking image, can avoid because problems such as the wave form distortion that the reflection wave wide-angle event produces, frequency reduction, polarity upsets, thus can improve catoptric imaging resolution make its imaging results reflect truly underground medium in length and breadth to variation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 cultivates 71 areas for Shengli Oil Field and uses prior art reflection wave to be carried out the effect synoptic diagram of full angle stacking image;
The process flow diagram of a kind of imaging optimized angle of well earthquake reflected wave method that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
The principle schematic in up reflection wave path between the well of two-layer model up and down that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 cultivates the acoustic logging rate curve synoptic diagram of the reality of 71 certain well of area for Shengli Oil Field;
The result schematic diagram of the reflection spot angular-trace gather that the acoustic logging speed according among Fig. 4 that Fig. 5 provides for the embodiment of the invention obtains;
The Shengli Oil Field that Fig. 6 provides for the embodiment of the invention is cultivated the result schematic diagram of the actual crosshole seismic reflection spot angular-trace gather in 71 areas;
The effect synoptic diagram that Fig. 7 provides for the embodiment of the invention according to the optimized angle stacking image;
The structural representation of a kind of imaging optimized angle of well earthquake reflected wave device that Fig. 8 provides for the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
For making purpose of the present invention, technical scheme clearer, the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The process flow diagram of a kind of imaging optimized angle of well earthquake reflected wave method that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the invention.As shown in Figure 2, this method may further comprise the steps:
S21, each common central depths point is carried out the VSP-CDP conversion, obtain imaging section set according to the well earthquake data of objective area;
S22, obtain the optimized angle higher limit according to the acoustic logging data of objective area or zero VSP speed data;
S23, the section less than the optimized angle higher limit in the described imaging section set is carried out stacking image.
In the embodiment of the invention, also can determine, can realize the imaging section in the preferred range of angles is carried out stacking image the lower limit of optimized angle.This optimized angle higher limit and lower limit can be determined by the empirical value that the technician estimates according to the geological condition of objective area.
In the embodiment of the invention,, can determine the optimized angle higher limit according to the method that the acoustic logging data or the zero VSP speed data of objective area are calculated the stratum critical angle in order to obtain optimized angle higher limit more accurately.For example, the speed of establishing upper and lower stratum is respectively V
1And V
2, incident angle and angle of transmission are respectively α and β, then according to Si Naier (Snell) law, can obtain:
sinα/sinβ＝V
1/V
2 (1)
When angle of transmission β equaled 90 °, incident angle was critical angle, and then above-mentioned (1) formula becomes:
sinα＝V1/V2 (2)
The α that is asked in (2) formula is at this moment, the marginal critical angle of sub-surface, according to above-mentioned (2) thus formula can ask every layer critical angle to obtain critical angle set, gather to determine the optimized angle higher limit according to this critical angle, as asking its average again behind the determining average that can be by asking all critical angles in the critical angle set or also can reject the critical angle bigger than normal of a part of error of this higher limit or selecting a critical angle etc. in the numerical range that critical angle relatively concentrates, as long as therefore calculated the critical angle set, determine that the optimized angle higher limit can use accomplished in many ways, those skilled in the art can realize fully, therefore do not repeat them here.The set of using acoustic logging data or zero VSP speed data to calculate critical angle is a technical characterictic of the present invention.Wherein, the speed V on upper and lower stratum
1And V
2Can utilize interval transit time to obtain reflecting interface acoustic velocity up and down,, therefore be easy to obtain speed V because every mouthful of well all has the sound wave well-log information
1And V
2Value.
In the embodiment of the invention, a kind of method that obtains the optimized angle higher limit also is provided, the composite traces of making different incidence angles or reflection angle according to the acoustic logging data of objective area or zero VSP speed data obtains described optimized angle higher limit according to described reflection spot angular-trace gather then to obtain the reflection spot angular-trace gather.Below the process that obtains the optimized angle higher limit according to the reflection spot angular-trace gather is described in detail:
At first introduce reflection spot angular-trace gather forming process.The well earthquake reflected wave imaging grows up on the VSP-CDP formation method, and the speed result that the VSP-CDP formation method obtains based on tomography sets up accurate rate pattern between well for reflection wave imaging, and this method is equivalent to a kind of coordinate transform.The principle schematic in up reflection wave path between the well of two-layer model up and down that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the invention.As shown in Figure 3, suppose that the interface is V with the average acoustic velocity of overlying strata, VSP-CDP concentrates each recording channel writing time sample value (Z, t) territory transforms to the reflection spot degree of depth-offset distance (Z, X) territory from the degree of depth-time.According to the geometric relationship among Fig. 3, be easy to calculate offset distance X and the degree of depth Z of reflection spot O;
For convenience of calculation, at first rate pattern is carried out differential, imaging region is divided into some grids, suppose that horizontal and vertical size is respectively Δ X and Δ Z; Use formula (3) and formula (4) to calculate the offset distance X and the degree of depth Z of each speed correspondence according to the pairing speed of each grid then, thereby obtain reflection-point trajectory; At last the amplitude of corresponding time is put in the grid corresponding with imaging region.So just formed a CDP road collection that is equivalent to surface seismic.
Crosshole seismic VSP-CDP carries out correspondence respectively according to each common central depths point road collection to be finished.Because each common central depths point can obtain a complete well earthquake reflected wave imaging section, all common central depths points just can obtain a plurality of well earthquake reflected wave imaging section.In ray tracing computation process, can note the incident angle of each reflection spot, according to a plurality of imaging section that obtain each common central depths be pressed and be shining into the firing angle size order and sort, finally obtain the reflection spot angular-trace gather of crosshole seismic.For example, provided an example that obtains the reflection spot angular-trace gather according to acoustic logging speed below.Fig. 4 cultivates the acoustic logging rate curve synoptic diagram of reality of 71 certain well of area, the result schematic diagram of the reflection spot angular-trace gather that the acoustic logging speed according among Fig. 4 that Fig. 5 provides for the embodiment of the invention obtains for Shengli Oil Field.The optimized angle higher limit that can draw this area according to Fig. 5 is about 70 degree.
In the embodiment of the invention, can obtain the optimized angle lower limit according to the crosshole seismic reflection spot angular-trace gather of objective area reality.The Shengli Oil Field that Fig. 6 provides for the embodiment of the invention is cultivated the result schematic diagram of the actual crosshole seismic reflection spot angular-trace gather in 71 areas, and as shown in Figure 6, the optimized angle lower limit of this objective area is greatly about about 50 degree.And in Fig. 6, can draw reflection wave based on wide-angle reflection, and have most of wide-angle event, and the low-angle reflection is less.Owing to when the reflection wave incident angle surpasses critical angle, will produce wide-angle event, under the situation of wide-angle event, reflection wave is easy to generate wave form distortion, frequency reduces, polarity upset etc., in order to eliminate the influence of wide-angle event to the stacking image effect, therefore can be with the optimized angle higher limit of composite traces of determining according to critical angle or making different incidence angles or reflection angle according to the acoustic logging data or the zero VSP speed data of objective area to obtain the reflection spot angular-trace gather and to obtain according to described reflection spot angular-trace gather, and the reflection wave that will surpass the optimized angle higher limit excise and make it not participate in stacking image; On the other hand, because the low-angle zone mostly is random noise and disturbs, for eliminating the influence of noise, therefore can make it not participate in stacking image the reflection wave excision of determining according to the crosshole seismic reflection spot angular-trace gather of this objective area reality less than the optimized angle lower limit to stacking image.Effect and full angle stacking image effect of the prior art according to the preferred range of angles stacking image compares like this, and the result shows: use the imaging resolution of imaging optimized angle method provided by the invention higher.For example, cultivating 71 districts at Shengli Oil Field uses method provided by the invention to test, be illustrated in figure 1 as Shengli Oil Field and cultivate the effect synoptic diagram that 71 area use prior aries are carried out reflection wave the full angle stacking image, and the effect synoptic diagram according to the optimized angle stacking image that Fig. 7 provides for the embodiment of the invention, can draw by Fig. 1 and Fig. 7, optimized angle stacking image effect is compared with full angle stacking image effect, has higher imaging resolution, imaging section ripple group relation is clear, the stratum is horizontal layer and distributes, sand body pinching reflection is more clear, relatively meets with the geologic rule on stratum, this area.
The beneficial effect that the embodiment of the invention had: can avoid because problems such as the wave form distortion that the reflection wave wide-angle event produces, frequency reduction, polarity upsets, thereby can improve catoptric imaging resolution make its imaging results reflect truly underground medium in length and breadth to variation.
The structural representation of a kind of imaging optimized angle of well earthquake reflected wave device that Fig. 8 provides for the embodiment of the invention.As shown in Figure 8, this device comprises:
The imaging section set generation unit is used for according to the well earthquake data of objective area each common central depths point being carried out the VSP-CDP conversion, obtains imaging section set;
Computing unit is used for obtaining the optimized angle higher limit according to the acoustic logging data or the zero VSP speed data of objective area;
The stacking image unit is used for described imaging section set is carried out stacking image less than the section of optimized angle higher limit.
Wherein, described computing unit also can comprise:
First computing module is used for the stratum critical angle of calculating each reflection horizon, objective area according to the acoustic logging data or the zero VSP speed data of objective area;
Second computing module, the stratum critical angle that is used for each reflection horizon of calculating according to described first computing module obtains described optimized angle higher limit.
Described computing unit also can comprise:
Reflection spot angular-trace gather computing module; Be used for making the composite traces of different incidence angles or reflection angle to obtain the reflection spot angular-trace gather according to the acoustic logging data or the zero VSP speed data of objective area;
The higher limit acquisition module is used for obtaining described optimized angle higher limit according to described reflection spot angular-trace gather.
A kind of imaging optimized angle of well earthquake reflected wave device that the embodiment of the invention provides also can comprise: the lower limit acquisition module is used for obtaining the optimized angle lower limit according to the crosshole seismic reflection spot angular-trace gather of objective area reality; Wherein
Described stacking image unit also is used for concentrating the section greater than the optimized angle lower limit to carry out stacking image described imaging section.
This device imaging resolution height that the embodiment of the invention provides, can reflect more truly underground medium in length and breadth to variation.
Obviously; the foregoing description only is the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it does not limit protection scope of the present invention; in protection scope of the present invention; described those skilled in the art can also make improvements and modifications to method of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also are considered as protection scope of the present invention certainly.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of imaging optimized angle of well earthquake reflected wave method is characterized in that, this method comprises:
Well earthquake data according to the objective area is carried out the VSP-CDP conversion to each common central depths point, obtains imaging section set;
Acoustic logging data or zero VSP speed data according to the objective area obtain the optimized angle higher limit;
Section less than the optimized angle higher limit in the described imaging section set is carried out stacking image.
2, method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described acoustic logging data or zero VSP speed data according to the objective area obtains the optimized angle higher limit and comprises: the stratum critical angle of calculating each reflection horizon, objective area according to the acoustic logging data or the zero VSP speed data of objective area, and obtain described optimized angle higher limit according to the stratum critical angle in each reflection horizon, objective area of being calculated.
3, method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described acoustic logging data or zero VSP speed data according to the objective area obtains the optimized angle higher limit and comprise: the composite traces of making different incidence angles or reflection angle according to the acoustic logging data or the zero VSP speed data of objective area obtains described optimized angle higher limit according to described reflection spot angular-trace gather then to obtain the reflection spot angular-trace gather.
4, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises:
Crosshole seismic reflection spot angular-trace gather according to objective area reality obtains the optimized angle lower limit, and concentrates the section greater than the optimized angle lower limit to carry out stacking image described imaging section.
5, realize the device of the arbitrary described a kind of imaging optimized angle of well earthquake reflected wave method of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that this device comprises:
The imaging section set generation unit is used for according to the well earthquake data of objective area each common central depths point being carried out the VSP-CDP conversion, obtains imaging section set;
Computing unit is used for obtaining the optimized angle higher limit according to the acoustic logging data or the zero VSP speed data of objective area;
The stacking image unit is used for described imaging section set is carried out stacking image less than the section of optimized angle higher limit.
6, device according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described computing unit comprises:
First computing module is used for the stratum critical angle of calculating each reflection horizon, objective area according to the acoustic logging data or the zero VSP speed data of objective area;
Second computing module, the stratum critical angle that is used for each reflection horizon of calculating according to described first computing module obtains described optimized angle higher limit.
7, device according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described computing unit comprises:
Reflection spot angular-trace gather computing module is used for making the composite traces of different incidence angles or reflection angle to obtain the reflection spot angular-trace gather according to the acoustic logging data or the zero VSP speed data of objective area;
The higher limit acquisition module is used for obtaining described optimized angle higher limit according to described reflection spot angular-trace gather.
8, device according to claim 5 is characterized in that, also comprises:
The lower limit acquisition module is used for obtaining the optimized angle lower limit according to the crosshole seismic reflection spot angular-trace gather of objective area reality; Wherein
Described stacking image unit also is used for concentrating the section greater than the optimized angle lower limit to carry out stacking image described imaging section.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103790569A (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2014-05-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for correcting acoustic logging information through VSP (vertical seismic profiling) time-depth relationship |
| CN109613614A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-04-12 | 中国铁路设计集团有限公司 | A kind of choosing method on VSP dip filtering device vertex |
| CN110579798A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-12-17 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Seismic acquisition observation method and system with equal reflection angle intervals |
-
2009
- 2009-07-17 CN CN200910160016A patent/CN101625418A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103790569A (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2014-05-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for correcting acoustic logging information through VSP (vertical seismic profiling) time-depth relationship |
| CN103790569B (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2016-12-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of method that during VSP of utilization, Sonic Logging Data is corrected by deep relation |
| CN109613614A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-04-12 | 中国铁路设计集团有限公司 | A kind of choosing method on VSP dip filtering device vertex |
| CN109613614B (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2020-10-02 | 中国铁路设计集团有限公司 | Method for selecting vertex of VSP (vertical seismic profiling) inclination filter |
| CN110579798A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-12-17 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Seismic acquisition observation method and system with equal reflection angle intervals |
| CN110579798B (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2020-08-14 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Seismic acquisition observation method and system with equal reflection angle intervals |
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