CN101623059A - Concentrated calf fodder and use method thereof - Google Patents
Concentrated calf fodder and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to fodder and a use method, in particular to concentrated calf fodder and a use method thereof. The fodder comprises protein fodder and a premix compound, wherein the protein fodder is prepared from raw materials of bean cakes, corn protein powder, cotton dregs, complex enzymes, and the like; and the premix compound is prepared from common salt, fluorspar powder, magnesium sulfate, sodium diacetate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, soda, sodium humate, monensin, vitamins and trace elements of copper, iron, manganese, zinc, cobalt, and the like. The use method comprises the following steps: manually feeding calves at age of 3-5 days with a mixture of the concentrated calf fodder and a certain amount of milk; and stopping feeding the milk when the calves are at age of 60 days; and coming into a fatting period when the calves are at age of 120 days. The calf fodder has complete nutrients, reasonable proportion and low cost and is fed to the calves in a suckling period to substitute a great amount of milk, improve the commodity rate of the milk, facilitate the growth and the development of the calves, shorten the suckling period by 50 percent, increase the weight-gaining speed by about two times, shorten the deliver time by one half, increase the current fertility rate of milk cows by about two times, realize perennial milking, facilitate mechanical milking and scaled stabling management and remarkably improve the economic benefits, the social benefits and ecological benefits of cattle rearing in a plurality of aspects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of feed and usage, promptly a kind of concentrated calf fodder and using method thereof.
Background technology
Just can give milk behind the living calf of milk cow, a milk part of being produced will be got food for calf, and remainder becomes commodity milk.At present, the calf of ox all is and the milk cow community life, and grows up by edible breast milk.The drawback of this mode is a lot, the one, a large amount of milk are eaten up by calf, commodity milk output seldom, the income of milk is subjected to very big influence.The 2nd, feed calf for a long time, reduce the conception rate of milk cow, reduce by the calving quantity in 1 year.The 3rd, cow and calf accompany, and are unfavorable for that mechanization milks, and all will hit cow breast with calf during each mechanical milking, cause conditioned reflex after, just can carry out mechanical milking, very inconvenience.The 4th, based on the calf of breast milk, poor growth, livestock on hand time lengthening.The restriction that all these is serious the development of cattle-raising.Cattle-raising with the Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is an example, is enough to illustrate the problem place of existing calf rearing mode.The principal item Horqin Cattle of local cattle-raising is good newborn meat dual-purpose type kind, after the milk cow calving with calf community life more than 120 days, calf consumption milk 1200kg, and the calf weightening finish has only 98kg, two offset during 2126 yuan of losss.Milk cow could produce commodity milk after 120 days, milked in year and had only about 120 days day, can not realize milking throughout the year, and the income of giving milk is subjected to very big influence, and the obvious together cow conception rate that reduces of mothers and sons, and calving rate was lower than 50% in 1 year.The cowboying benefit is very low, and animal husbandry economy is subjected to certain restriction.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of concentrated calf fodder, this calf feed can replace the milk feeding calf, and can accelerate calf growth, improves commodity milk productivity ratio of milk cow and conception rate then, help realizing milking mechanization, can increase substantially the economic benefit of cattle-raising.
Above-mentioned purpose is realized by following technical scheme: develop a kind of concentrated calf fodder, this feed is to be made of protein feed and premix.Wherein:
The weight portion of protein feed constitutes: soya-bean cake 29500-30500 part, corn protein powder 3500-4500 part, cotton dregs 17500-18500 part, wheat bran 6500-7500 part, DDGS29500-30500 part, Sai Keling 350-450 part, yeast 350-450 part, complex enzyme 150-250 part
The weight portion of compound premix constitutes: salt 995-1005 part, fluorspar powder 2395-2405 part, magnesium sulfate 495-505 part, sodium Diacetate 95-105 part, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 495-505 part, Su Da 395-405 part, sodium humate 995-105 part, stone flour 2750-2805 part, coban 19-21 part, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 18-21 part, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 18-21 part, manganese sulfate monohydrate 18-21 part, white vitriol 18-21 part, cobalt chloride 12-15 part, Sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) pentahydrate 8-11 part, KI 2-4 part, Bacitracin Zinc 3-5 part, L-lysine hydrochloric acid 195-205 part, DL-methionine 49-51 part, dehydroretinol 8-32 part, vitamin D
314-16 part, vitamin K
31.5-2.5 part, Cobastab
55.5-6.5 part, vitamin C 1.5-2.5 part, vitamin E 9-11 part, dibutyl hydroxy toluene (BHT) antioxidant 30-35 part, calcium propionate anticorrisive agent 9-11 part, wheat bran 795-805 part.
Said concentrated calf fodder preferred weight percent is: protein feed is 90%, comprising: soya-bean cake 30%, corn protein powder 4%, cotton dregs 18%, wheat bran 7%, DDGS30%, Sai Keling 0.4%, yeast 0.4%, complex enzyme 0.2%; Compound premix is 10%, comprising: salt 1%, fluorspar powder 2.4%, magnesium sulfate 0.5%, sodium Diacetate 0.1%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 0.5%, Su Da 0.4%, sodium humate 1%, stone flour 2.8%, coban 0.02%, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 0.02%, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 0.02%, manganese sulfate monohydrate 0.02%, white vitriol 0.02%, cobalt chloride 0.015%, Sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) pentahydrate 0.01%, KI 0.003%, Bacitracin Zinc 0.005%, L-lysine hydrochloric acid 0.2%, DL-methionine 0.05%, vitamin A 0.03%, vitamin D
30.015%, vitamin K
30.004%, Cobastab
50.006%, vitamin C 0.002%, vitamin E 0.01%, dibutyl hydroxy toluene (BHT) antioxidant 0.04%, calcium propionate anticorrisive agent 0.01%, wheat bran 0.8%.
In the raw material of said compound premix, the percentage by weight of pure content in concentrated feed that the commercially available prod of following raw material is gone to deduct behind the impurity is: cupric sulfate pentahydrate 0.0192%, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 0.0196%, manganese sulfate monohydrate 0.0196%, white vitriol 0.0196%, cobalt chloride 0.0135%, Sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) pentahydrate 0.0095%, KI 0.00294%, Bacitracin Zinc 0.0045%, L-lysine hydrochloric acid 0.184%, DL-methionine 0.045%, vitamin A 0.03%, vitamin D
30.015%, vitamin K
30.002%, Cobastab
5(nicotinic acid) 0.00598%, vitamin C 0.00198%, vitamin E 0.01%, dibutyl hydroxy toluene (BHT) antioxidant 0.032%, calcium propionate (anticorrisive agent) 0.0095%, carrier wheat bran 0.8%.
Micronutrient levels level in the said concentrated feed is: copper 49mg/kg, iron 39.4mg/kg, manganese 63.7mg/kg, zinc 90mg/kg, cobalt 61.3mg/kg, selenium 28.5mg/kg, iodine 22.5mg/kg.
Amino acid whose contents level in the said concentrated feed is: L-lysine hydrochloric acid 1840mg/kg, DL-methionine 450mg/kg.
The contents level of the vitamin in the said concentrated feed is: vitamin A (curing) 30000IU/kg, vitamin D
3(curing) 15000IU/kg, vitamin K
3(curing) 10mg/kg, Cobastab
5(nicotinic acid) (bag quilt) 200mg/kg, vitamin C (bag quilt) 19.8mg/kg, vitamin E solidify 100IU/kg.
The using method of this feed is: above-mentioned concentrated feed and etc. the energy feed of weight be made into complete feed, begin with breast milk, herbvorely cooperate quantitative artificial feeding from calf birth 3-5 age in days, feeding complete feed day to measure increases gradually since 100 gram/heads, to 60 age in days day of calf scale of feeding reach 750 the gram/the time wean fully, to 120 age in days scales of feeding in time reach 1500 the gram/the time enter fattening period, other feeds of feeding.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: this calf feed nutrient is complete; reasonable mixture ratio; with low cost; feed lactation calf; can replace a large amount of milk; improve the commodity rate of milk; also help growing of calf simultaneously; shorten 50% lactation, speed of weight increment improves nearly one times, and marketing time shortens half; milk cow conception rate then nearly doubles; can realize milking throughout the year, and help mechanical milking and appropriate scale of operation, significantly improve economic benefit, social benefit and the ecological benefits of cattle-raising from many aspects.
The specific embodiment
This concentrated calf fodder is to be made of protein feed and compound premix, only lifts a compound method commonly used below.
Protein feed is to be made up of following raw material by weight: soya-bean cake (protein 〉=40%) 30000g, corn protein powder 4000g, cotton dregs 18000g, wheat bran 7000g, DDGS (the dry thing of vinasse) 30000g, Sai Keling 400g, yeast 400g, complex enzyme 200g.
Compound premix is to be made up of following raw material by weight: salt 1000g, fluorspar powder 2400g, magnesium sulfate 500g, sodium Diacetate 100g, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 500g, Su Da 400g, sodium humate 1000g, stone flour 2800g, coban 20g, 96% cupric sulfate pentahydrate 20g, 98% ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 20g, 98% manganese sulfate monohydrate 20g, 98% white vitriol 20g, 90% cobalt chloride 15g, 95% Sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) pentahydrate 10g, 98% KI 3g, 90% Bacitracin Zinc 5g, 92% L-lysine hydrochloric acid (bag quilt) 200g, 90% DL-methionine (bag quilt) 50g, the vitamin A of A500 (IU) solidifies 30g, D
3500 vitamin Ds
3(IU) solidify 15g, 50% vitamin K
3Solidify 4g, 98% Cobastab
5(nicotinic acid) (bag quilt) 6g, 99% vitamin C (bag quilt) 2g, vitamin E solidify 10g, 80% dibutyl hydroxy toluene (BHT) antioxidant 40g, 95% calcium propionate (anticorrisive agent) 10g, carrier wheat bran 800g.
Above-mentioned protein feed and compound premix are made into concentrated feed, and obviously, its ratio is a protein feed: compound premix=9: 1.
The content of the trace element in the concentrated feed, amino acid or vitamin=marketable material amount * purity * content ratio * 1000mg ÷ 100kg.
Wherein, purity is the shared ratio of pure raw material after marketable material is dispeled impurity, and content ratio is trace element, amino acid or the ratio of vitamin in pure raw material.Can calculate thus:
The pure material quantity of following commercially available prod: cupric sulfate pentahydrate 19.2g, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 19.6g, manganese sulfate monohydrate 19.6g, white vitriol 19.6g, cobalt chloride 13.5g, Sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) pentahydrate 9.5g, KI 2.94g, Bacitracin Zinc 4.5g, L-lysine hydrochloric acid (bag quilt) 184g, DL-methionine (bag quilt) 45g, vitamin A (IU) solidify 30g, vitamin D
3(IU) solidify 15g, vitamin K
3Solidify 2g, Cobastab
5(nicotinic acid) (bag quilt) 5.98g, vitamin C (bag quilt) 1.98g, vitamin E solidify 10g, dibutyl hydroxy toluene (BHT) antioxidant 32g, calcium propionate (anticorrisive agent) 9.5g, carrier (wheat bran) 800g.
Known in pure raw material, copper 25.5%, iron 20.1%, manganese 32.5%, zinc 22.7%, cobalt 45.4%, selenium 30.%, iodine 76.4%.Can be regarded as to such an extent that the micronutrient levels level in the concentrated feed is: copper 49mg/kg, iron 39.4mg/kg, manganese 63.7mg/kg, zinc 90mg/kg, cobalt 61.3mg/kg, selenium 28.5mg/kg, iodine 22.5mg/kg.
In like manner, can push away: amino acid whose contents level is: L-lysine hydrochloric acid 184mg/kg, DL-methionine 45mg/kg.
In like manner, can push away: the contents level of vitamin is: vitamin A (curing) 30000IU/kg, vitamin D
3(curing) 15000IU/kg, vitamin K
3(curing) 10mg/kg, Cobastab
5(nicotinic acid) (bag quilt) 200mg/kg, vitamin C (bag quilt) 19.8mg/kg, vitamin E solidify 100IU/kg.
The nutrient energy data such as the following table of concentrated feed:
Concentrated feed nutrient energy table
| Net energy for gain MJ/kg | Beef cattle metabolizable energy MJ/Kg | Thick protein % | Digestible crude protein matter % | Calcium % | Phosphorus % |
| ??4.4 | ??10.23 | ??32 | ??20.8 | ??1.5 | ??0.73 |
The using method of this concentrated feed is:
1. mix with the energy feed corn flour of equivalent and be made into complete feed.Maize raw material requires: the organoleptic indicator reaches the color and luster unanimity, do not have to go mouldy, lump and peculiar smell not, and moisture≤13%, granularity is 16 order oversizes≤20%, 8 mesh sieve all-pass mistake.The uniformity coefficient of variation≤10%.
2. begin to cooperate the artificial feeding with milk from calf birth 3 or 5 ages in days, beginning is fed about amount 100 gram/heads time, to 60 ages in days, 750 gram/heads, trains calf free choice feeding green hay simultaneously gradually.The calf milk feeding amount is during this time: the 1-7 days=7 days * 6kg that is born (bu four times)=42kg that suckles; 8-15 days=8 days * 7kg milk (bu four times)=56kg milk; 16-35 days=20 days * 8kg milk (bu four times)=160kg milk; 36-45 days=10 days * 7kg milk (bu four times)=70kg milk; 46-55 days=10 days * 6kg milk (bu four times)=60kg milk; 56-57 days=2 days * 4kg milk (day at twice)=8kg milk; 58-59 days=2 days * 2kg milk (bu once)=4kg milk; Thoroughly wean in 60 days.Need 400 kilograms of milk altogether.Then, weight high quality forages such as the cooperation complete feed that continues to feed reaches 1500 gram/heads to 120 age in days complete feed day scales of feeding, enters fattening period.
3. said green hay is in the trophophase of herbage harvesting, and is drenched with rain, do not have the high quality forage that goes mouldy, and begins to train free choice feeding in 5-7 days from calf birth back, and scale of feeding can be identical with the complete feed amount.
4. supply 24 hours every days cleaning drinking-water is freely drunk.
Model experiment
The place: the Horqin Left Wing Rear Banner, Tongliao City is towards Shandong Tu Zhen.
Situation before the experiment: the minority family that peasants and herdsmen's autotrophy Horqin milk cow can be milked, year milked 120 days.Herd the family at present mostly and do not milk fully, calf freely eats milk with the group, and 120 days lactations, average solar eclipse milk 10kg is total to 1200kg, and the calf body weight reaches 98.2kg, and the cow reproduction rate was 50% in 1 year.
Experimental size: 2261 calves of experimental group, 2692 of control groups.Experimental group adopts this feed and artificial shed feeding method, and control group adopts conventional method, experimental result such as following table:
2008 annual single head calf benefit statistical forms
As seen from the above table, single head calf tradition is raised 120 ages in days, and 4080.00 yuan of consumption milks are with 2116.00 yuan of the losss that offset of weightening finish benefit.Adopt this feed and artificial feeding's method, the calf body weight increases 49.5kg, gets a profit 1158.00 yuan.
In addition, milk the income 60 days * 10 kilograms milk * 3.40 yuan=2040.00 yuan.The cow reproduction rate reaches more than 95%, improves 45 percentage points.Can also breed 45% calf more in 1 year, and can realize continuing to milk throughout the year.
Benefit calculation is as follows:
1. direct economic benefit: total economic benefit of 2261 calves of participating in the experiment (2261 * 1158.64 yuan of weightening finish benefits)+(2261 * 2040.00 yuan of milk benefits)=2619685.04 yuan+4612440.00 yuan=7232125.04 yuan (RMB).
2. indirect economic effect: indirect economic effect is many-sided, and wherein, apparent in view have two aspects:
2147 of 2261 cows of (1) participating in the experiment breeding in 1 year calves, breeding potential reaches 95%.1346 of 2692 cows of control group breeding in 1 year calves, breeding potential only is 50%.The experimental group breeding potential improves 45%, is that condition has been created in the production in 1 year.
(2) because the weightening finish of experimental group calf is very fast, lay a good foundation for later fattening, adopted the drylot feeding control measures in addition, enter fattening period, keep every day the complete feed feed intake to be no more than 1500 gram/heads, roughage can be used corn silage.12 monthly age body weight can reach more than the 500kg, have reached the standard of delivering for sale.And the finished cattle of traditional approach needed for 24 monthly ages just can deliver for sale, and fattening period shortens 12 months.
3. ecological benefits: the present invention is particularly suitable for artificial drylot feeding, helps implementing the grassland and prohibits and herd, and reduces vegetation field pressure, recovers grassland ecology, realizes sustainable development when increasing peasants and herdsmen's income.In addition, be convenient to fecaluria under the drylot feeding condition and collect, about 10 kilograms of the fecalurias that a head of cattle diel is discharged can be discharged 3.5 tons in 1 year.These fecalurias are processed by fermentation and are thrown into the farmland, can improve farmland, 3 mu of ground.2261 cows of drylot feeding can be improved more than 6000 mu of barren soil.Every mu can be improved 150 kilograms of grain yields, and can reduce the chemical fertilizer use amount significantly.
Claims (9)
1. concentrated calf fodder, this feed is to be made of protein feed and premix, it is characterized in that: the weight portion formation of said protein feed is: soya-bean cake 29500-30500 part, corn protein powder 3500-4500 part, cotton dregs 17500-18500 part, wheat bran 6500-7500 part, DDGS29500-30500 part, plug kairine 350-450 part, yeast 350-450 part, complex enzyme 150-250 part, the weight portion of said compound premix constitute: salt 995-1005 part, fluorspar powder 2395-2405 part, magnesium sulfate 495-505 part, sodium Diacetate 95-105 part, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 495-505 part, Su Da 395-405 part, sodium humate 995-1005 part, stone flour 2795-2805 part, coban 19-21 part, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 18-21 part, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 18-21 part, manganese sulfate monohydrate 18-21 part, white vitriol 18-21 part, cobalt chloride 12-15 part, Sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) pentahydrate 8-11 part, KI 2-4 part, Bacitracin Zinc 3-5 part, L-lysine hydrochloric acid 195-205 part, DL-methionine 49-51 part, dehydroretinol 8-32 part, vitamin D
314-16 part, vitamin K
33.5-4.5 part, Cobastab
55.5-6.5 part, vitamin C 1.5-2.5 part, vitamin E 9-11 part, dibutyl hydroxy toluene (BHT) antioxidant 30-35 part, calcium propionate anticorrisive agent 9-11 part, wheat bran 795-805 part.
2. concentrated calf fodder according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the percentage by weight of said protein feed in concentrated feed is 90%, comprising: soya-bean cake 30%, corn protein powder 4%, cotton dregs 18%, wheat bran 7%, DDGS30%, Sai Keling 0.4%, yeast 0.4%, complex enzyme 0.2%; The percentage by weight of said compound premix in concentrated feed is 10%, comprising: salt 1%, fluorspar powder 2.4%, magnesium sulfate 0.5%, sodium Diacetate 0.1%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 0.5%, Su Da 0.4%, sodium humate 1%, stone flour 2.8%, coban 0.02%, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 0.02%, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 0.02%, manganese sulfate monohydrate 0.02%, white vitriol 0.02%, cobalt chloride 0.015%, Sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) pentahydrate 0.01%, KI 0.003%, Bacitracin Zinc 0.005%, L-lysine hydrochloric acid 0.2%, DL-methionine 0.05%, vitamin A 0.03%, vitamin D
30.015%, vitamin K
30.004%, Cobastab
50.006%, vitamin C 0.002%, vitamin E 0.01%, dibutyl hydroxy toluene (BHT) antioxidant 0.04%, calcium propionate anticorrisive agent 0.01%, wheat bran 0.8%.
3. concentrated calf fodder according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: in the raw material of said compound premix, the percentage by weight of pure content in concentrated feed that the commercially available prod of following raw material is gone to deduct behind the impurity is: cupric sulfate pentahydrate 0.0192%, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 0.0196%, manganese sulfate monohydrate 0.0196%, white vitriol 0.0196%, cobalt chloride 0.0135%, Sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) pentahydrate 0.0095%, KI 0.00294%, Bacitracin Zinc 0.0045%, L-lysine hydrochloric acid 0.184%, DL-methionine 0.045%, vitamin A 0.03%, vitamin D
30.015%, vitamin K
30.002%, Cobastab
5(nicotinic acid) 0.00598%, vitamin C 0.00198%, vitamin E 0.01%, dibutyl hydroxy toluene (BHT) antioxidant 0.032%, calcium propionate (anticorrisive agent) 0.0095%, carrier wheat bran 0.8%.
4. concentrated calf fodder according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the micronutrient levels level in the said concentrated feed is: copper 49mg/kg, iron 39.4mg/kg, manganese 63.7mg/kg, zinc 90mg/kg, cobalt 61.3mg/kg, selenium 28.5mg/kg, iodine 22.5mg/kg.
5. concentrated calf fodder according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the amino acid whose contents level in the said concentrated feed is: L-lysine hydrochloric acid 1840mg/kg, DL-methionine 450mg/kg.
6. concentrated calf fodder according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the contents level of the vitamin in the said concentrated feed is: vitamin A (curing) 30000IU/kg, vitamin D
3(curing) 15000IU/kg, vitamin K
3(curing) 10mg/kg, Cobastab
5(nicotinic acid) (bag quilt) 200mg/kg, vitamin C (bag quilt) 19.8mg/kg, vitamin E solidify 100IU/kg.
7. concentrated calf fodder according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the using method of said concentrated feed is: above-mentioned concentrated feed and etc. the energy feed of weight be made into complete feed, begin with breast milk, herbvorely cooperate quantitative artificial feeding from calf birth 3-5 age in days, feeding complete feed day to measure increases gradually since 100 gram/heads, to 60 age in days day of calf scale of feeding reach 750 the gram/the time wean fully, to 120 age in days scales of feeding in time reach 1500 the gram/the time enter fattening period, other feeds of feeding.
8. concentrated calf fodder according to claim 7 is characterized in that: said energy feed is a corn flour, and maize raw material requires: do not have go mouldy, caking and peculiar smell, moisture≤13%, granularity is 16 order oversizes≤20%, 8 mesh sieve all-pass mistake, the uniformity coefficient of variation≤10%.
9. concentrated calf fodder according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: the using method of said concentrated feed is: begin to 60 ages in days from calf birth 3-5 age in days, cooperate the milk amount of feeding to be with complete feed: to be born 1-7 days 6kg milk/days, bu is fed for four times, each 1.5Kg is with milk 42kg; 8-15 days 7kg milk/days, divide every day and feed for four times, each 1.75Kg is with milk 56kg; 16-35 days 8kg milk/days, bu is fed for four times, and each 2Kg is with milk 160kg; 36-45 days 7kg milk/days, divide every day and feed for four times, each 1.75Kg is with milk 70kg; 46-55 days 6kg milk/days, divide every day and feed for four times, each 1.5Kg is with milk 60kg; 56-57 days 4kg milk/days, day feeds at twice, and each 2Kg is with milk 8kg; 58-59 days 2kg milk/days, day feeds once, with milk 4kg; Thoroughly wean in 60 days needs 400 kilograms in milk altogether, and then, weight high quality forages such as the cooperation complete feed that continues to feed reaches 1500 gram/heads to 120 age in days complete feed day scales of feeding, enters fattening period.
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| CN110419626A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-11-08 | 四川禀承实业有限公司 | A kind of feed formula and milk cow feeding method improving milk quality |
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- 2009-08-20 CN CN200910163038XA patent/CN101623059B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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