CN101615442B - Optical device for converging and diverging X-ray - Google Patents
Optical device for converging and diverging X-ray Download PDFInfo
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- CN101615442B CN101615442B CN2009100893509A CN200910089350A CN101615442B CN 101615442 B CN101615442 B CN 101615442B CN 2009100893509 A CN2009100893509 A CN 2009100893509A CN 200910089350 A CN200910089350 A CN 200910089350A CN 101615442 B CN101615442 B CN 101615442B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical device for converging and diverging X-ray, which is used for realizing the low-energy X-ray filtering and the high-energy X-ray converging and diverging. The optical device comprises a solid element made of glass material, and the solid component adopts an ellipsoid platform; a metal film is plated on the side wall of the solid component; one end of the solid component is used for receiving X-ray, and the other end is used for outputting X-ray; a reflecting plane is formed on the critical plane between the glass material and the metal film, and the reflecting plane is used for the X-ray to be reflected when the X-ray is transmitted to the reflecting plane in the solid element and to be converged outside the other end.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to material and optical field, particularly relate to the optical device that is used for converging and diverging X-ray.
Background technology
Along with going deep into of researcher's theoretical and experimental study to glass capillary, people have successfully realized utilizing glass capillary that X ray is assembled.This glass capillary hollow and inside surface are smooth.The inside surface of glass tube is realized the total reflection of X ray in glass capillary as reflecting surface, thereby realizes the convergence to X ray.
For glass capillary, formula can be arranged
Wherein k is a scale-up factor, under the certain situation of reflecting material density p, the ENERGY E of X ray is high more, critical glancing angle θ is more little in total reflection, the transfer efficiency of glass capillary is low more, focusing effect is poor more, so present glass capillary can only be that 0.2～40keV X ray is effectively assembled to energy range.
Along with the continuous expansion of micro-beam X-ray range of application, how to obtain the little focal spot of high-energy high brightness X ray and then be subjected to showing great attention to of people.The X-ray beam that the common lab light source sends mostly is a diverging, and how these sigmatrons of dispersing being focused on is the focus of being concerned about in the industry.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of optical device that is used for converging and diverging X-ray, is used to realize the filtering low energy X ray, and the converging and diverging sigmatron.
A kind of optical device of converging X-ray comprises:
By the solid component that glass material is made, this solid component is the ellipsoid platform;
The sidewall metal-plated membrane of described solid component;
End in the described solid component two ends is used to receive X ray, and the other end is used to export X ray;
The critical surface of described glass material and metal film constitutes reflecting surface, and this reflecting surface is used for X ray total reflection takes place when described solid component is transferred to reflecting surface, and assembles outside the described other end.
Glass material comprises one or more elements among Li, Be and the B.
Glass material comprises:
Metal comprises one or more elements in tungsten, gold and the platinum.
The glass surface of described solid component is through smooth treatment.
The density of described glass material is 2.2g/cm
3Described metal is a gold; When the major semi-axis of described solid component was 200mm, the interval of minor semi-axis was (0.07,0.2) mm; When the major semi-axis of described solid component was 1000mm, the interval of minor semi-axis was (0.33,1.0) mm.
The embodiment of the invention is made solid optical device by glass and two kinds of materials of metal, but the sigmatron of this optical device converging and diverging.And the glass material in the optical device also can filter low energy X ray, obtains the X ray that energy is concentrated thereby assemble.The embodiment of the invention further improves the ability of assembling sigmatron by adopting foam glass material and/or heavy metal material.
The reflecting surface of the optical device in the embodiment of the invention is comparatively smooth, helps the transmission of X ray.And can before metal-coated membrane, carry out smooth treatment in the solid component surface to glass material, further reduce the roughness of reflecting surface, thereby improve the transfer efficiency of X ray, reduce light intensity loss.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of optical device in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram that optical device is assembled divergent beams in the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
In the embodiment of the invention, the ENERGY E of critical glancing angle θ of total reflection and X ray is inversely proportional to, and is directly proportional with the square root of reflecting material density p.Simultaneously, according to Waller-Debye's equation
As can be known, along with the roughness σ of reflecting surface becomes greatly gradually, the reflectivity R of X ray can obviously diminish.Wherein, the energy of wavelength X and X ray is inversely proportional to.That is to say that roughness σ is big more, the effect of effectively assembling sigmatron is poor more.The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of optical device that is used for converging and diverging X-ray, when having improved the reflecting material density p, reduces the roughness σ of reflecting surface, thereby realizes the sigmatron of converging and diverging, and the low energy X ray of filtering simultaneously.
Referring to Fig. 1, optical device comprises in the present embodiment:
By the solid component 101 that glass material is made, this solid component is that the xsect of axially symmetric structure, especially its any point is circle.One group of opposite side is parallel lines in two groups of opposite side of longitudinal cross-section, and another group opposite side is the relative arc of opening, and this arc is followed the ellipsoid curvilinear equation.In other words, solid component 101 is the ellipsoid platform of spheroid after long axis direction is clipped two ends.
The sidewall metal-plated membrane 102 of solid component.
End in described solid component 101 two ends is used to receive X ray, and the other end is used to export X ray; The critical surface of described glass material and metal film constitutes reflecting surface, and this reflecting surface is used for X ray total reflection takes place when described solid component 101 is transferred to reflecting surface, and assembles outside the described other end.
Present embodiment utilizes the critical surface of glass and metal to constitute reflecting surface.By changing material that constitutes reflecting surface and the roughness that reduces reflecting surface, realize the sigmatron of converging and diverging, and light intensity loss is less.The inventor finds that the optical device in the employing present embodiment is the sigmatron of converging and diverging effectively, and energy range is between 40～120keV.And the optical device of present embodiment can not only be assembled the X ray of high energy, and the solid component 101 of glass material can be used for the X ray below the 40keV is filtered, thereby obtains the more concentrated X ray of energy range.
With density is 2.2g/cm
3Glass be example, when utilizing the glass capillary converging X-ray that this glass material makes, when the energy of X ray is 40keV, the critical glancing angle of total reflection (unit: be 0.04315 degree).If adopt the optical device in the present embodiment, make solid component by this glass, the gold-plated film of sidewall, when the energy of X ray is 100keV, the critical glancing angle of total reflection is 0.04862, and when the energy of X ray was 120keV, the critical glancing angle of total reflection was 0.03969.This shows, under the identical situation of the critical glancing angle of total reflection, the energy of the X ray that the energy of the X ray that the optical device in the present embodiment is effectively assembled optical device in the prior art is effectively assembled.And, during optical device in adopting present embodiment, be the X ray of 40keV if assemble energy, then the critical glancing angle maximum of total reflection can reach 0.11854, obviously greater than of the prior art 0.04315.
In order further to improve the refringence of glass and metal, increase the critical glancing angle of total reflection, promptly improve the ability of assembling sigmatron, present embodiment adopts the lower foam glass of density, and this foam glass comprises elements such as containing lithium Li, beryllium Be, boron at least.For example, the composition of glass comprises:
In order further to improve the refringence of glass and metal, promptly further improve the ability of assembling sigmatron, present embodiment adopts the higher heavy metal of density, and this heavy metal comprises high density materials such as tungsten W, golden Au, platinum Pb at least.Consider that from manufacture craft and cost aspect preferable scheme is to adopt tungsten.
Optical device in the present embodiment is better to the convergent effect of diverging X-ray.Only through a total reflection, referring to shown in Figure 2, light intensity loss is less in this optical device for X ray.In the present embodiment, the diameter d at optical device two ends
1And d
2Can equate also not wait focal distance f
1And f
2Also can equate or do not wait.Light source is positioned near the A point, and preferable scheme is to be positioned at the A point, and X ray transmits in optical device then, through assembling at the B point after the total reflection.
Diverging X-ray with convergence energy 80keV is an example, if adopt the optical device in the present embodiment, the density of glass is 2.2g/cm
3, metal is a gold, when major semi-axis is 200mm, and the minor semi-axis≤0.2mm of solid component; When major semi-axis is 1000mm, the minor semi-axis≤1.0mm of solid component; If adopt the elliposoidal glass capillary, the density of glass is 2.2g/cm
3, when major semi-axis is 200mm, minor semi-axis≤0.07mm; When major semi-axis is 1000mm, minor semi-axis≤0.33mm.As seen, identical in glass density, under the identical situation of major semi-axis length, glass capillary of the prior art will far be narrower than the optical device in the present embodiment.With the major semi-axis is that 200mm is an example, and minor semi-axis length is at interval (0.07,0.2) mm, and when assembling the diverging X-ray of energy 80keV, the optical device in the present embodiment can be assembled X ray, and existing glass capillary can not be assembled X ray.And because the existing relatively glass capillary of optical device in the present embodiment is thicker, therefore the success ratio of producing the optical device in the present embodiment is higher with respect to the success ratio of producing glass capillary.And the optical device in the present embodiment is easy to install and uses, and is more suitable for practical application.
Because the roughness ratio of optical device reflecting surface is less in the present embodiment, the influence to transfer efficiency in the total reflection process is less, helps the sigmatron of converging and diverging.
In the present embodiment by to glass heats, softening, being shaped obtains the solid component of required form, the smooth surface of this solid component after handling.Film plating process by the low speed of growth again as methods such as electron beam evaporation, magnetron sputterings, plates metal film at the sidewall of solid component.Because the smooth surface of solid component makes reflecting surface comparatively smooth, helps improving the transfer efficiency of optical device, reduce light intensity loss.In order further to reduce the roughness of reflecting surface, present embodiment can also carry out smooth treatment on the surface of solid component, and then metal-coated membrane.Because optical device is the glass capillary of hollow in the prior art, its reflecting surface is the inside surface of this glass capillary, because the inner space of glass capillary is less, the roughness of the reflecting surface in the present embodiment is difficult for the inside surface of glass capillary is reprocessed, so can be lower than the roughness of reflecting surface in the prior art.Roughness in the present embodiment can reach
Below, especially can reach 2-
Between.
The embodiment of the invention is made solid optical device by glass and two kinds of materials of metal, but the sigmatron of this optical device converging and diverging.And the glass material in the optical device also can filter low energy X ray, obtains the X ray that energy is concentrated thereby assemble.The embodiment of the invention further improves the ability of assembling sigmatron by adopting foam glass material and/or heavy metal material.
The reflecting surface of the optical device in the embodiment of the invention is comparatively smooth, helps the transmission of X ray.And can before metal-coated membrane, carry out smooth treatment in the solid component surface to glass material, further reduce the roughness of reflecting surface, thereby improve the transfer efficiency of X ray, reduce light intensity loss.
Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various changes and modification to the present invention and not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Like this, if of the present invention these are revised and modification belongs within the scope of claim of the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, then the present invention also is intended to comprise these changes and modification interior.
Claims (5)
1. an optical device that is used for converging and diverging X-ray is characterized in that, comprising:
By the solid component that glass material is made, this solid component is the ellipsoid platform;
The sidewall metal-plated membrane of described solid component;
End in the described solid component two ends is used to receive X ray, and the other end is used to export X ray;
The critical surface of described glass material and metal film constitutes reflecting surface, and this reflecting surface is used for X ray total reflection takes place when described solid component is transferred to reflecting surface, and assembles outside the described other end.
2. optical device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, glass material comprises one or more elements among Li, Be and the B.
3. optical device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the metal of the sidewall plating of described solid component comprises one or more elements in tungsten, gold and the platinum.
4. optical device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the glass surface of described solid component is through smooth treatment.
5. as each described optical device in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that the density of described glass material is 2.2g/cm
3Described metal is a gold;
When the major semi-axis of described solid component was 200mm, the interval of minor semi-axis was (0.07,0.2) mm; When the major semi-axis of described solid component was 1000mm, the interval of minor semi-axis was (0.33,1.0) mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2009100893509A CN101615442B (en) | 2009-07-16 | 2009-07-16 | Optical device for converging and diverging X-ray |
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| CN2009100893509A CN101615442B (en) | 2009-07-16 | 2009-07-16 | Optical device for converging and diverging X-ray |
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| CN101615442A CN101615442A (en) | 2009-12-30 |
| CN101615442B true CN101615442B (en) | 2011-11-02 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102890975B (en) * | 2012-10-09 | 2015-05-20 | 北京师范大学 | Optical device for focusing synchrotron radiation light source |
| CN103021498B (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2015-04-22 | 北京师范大学 | Optical device, manufacturing method and system for focusing X rays |
Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1157418A (en) * | 1996-02-17 | 1997-08-20 | 北京师范大学 | Integral X-ray lens and manufacturing method thereof and equipment using the same |
| US5744813A (en) * | 1994-07-08 | 1998-04-28 | Kumakhov; Muradin Abubekirovich | Method and device for controlling beams of neutral and charged particles |
| US6749300B2 (en) * | 2001-03-12 | 2004-06-15 | IFG Institut für Gerätebau GmbH | Capillary optical element with a complex structure of capillaries and a method for its manufacture |
| EP1477799A1 (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2004-11-17 | Obshchestvo s ogranichennoj otvetstvennostyu "Institut Rentgenovskoi Optiki" | Polycapillary chromatographic column and the method of its manufacturing |
-
2009
- 2009-07-16 CN CN2009100893509A patent/CN101615442B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5744813A (en) * | 1994-07-08 | 1998-04-28 | Kumakhov; Muradin Abubekirovich | Method and device for controlling beams of neutral and charged particles |
| CN1157418A (en) * | 1996-02-17 | 1997-08-20 | 北京师范大学 | Integral X-ray lens and manufacturing method thereof and equipment using the same |
| US6749300B2 (en) * | 2001-03-12 | 2004-06-15 | IFG Institut für Gerätebau GmbH | Capillary optical element with a complex structure of capillaries and a method for its manufacture |
| EP1477799A1 (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2004-11-17 | Obshchestvo s ogranichennoj otvetstvennostyu "Institut Rentgenovskoi Optiki" | Polycapillary chromatographic column and the method of its manufacturing |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
|---|
| A.Bjeoumikhov等.New generation of polycapillary lenses: manufacture and applications.《X-ray Spectrometry》.2003,(第32期), * |
| 孙天希等.利用整体毛细管X光半会聚透镜会聚同步辐射.《中国激光》.2006,第33卷(第4期), * |
| 李玉德等.X射线在圆柱形直导管中的传输规律.《北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）》.2006,第42卷(第1期), * |
| 郑欣.二硅酸锂微晶玻璃的制备及力学性能研究.《中国博士学位论文全文数据库工程科技I辑(月刊)》.2008,(第12期), * |
| 陈国华.低温共烧玻璃陶瓷材料的制备及性能、机理研究.《中国博士学位论文全文数据库工程科技I辑（月刊）》.2008,(第1期), * |
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