CN101603446A - The exhaust-heat exchanger that has the tube bank of vibration damping exchanger - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to be used for the heat exchanger (1) of vehicle exhaust system, comprise the tube bank of exchanger tube (20) independent formation, transportation waste gas, wherein each described exchanger tube (20) links to each other with respect to fluid stream is in parallel, described exchanger tube is arranged in the housing (40) independent formation, sealing, ANALYSIS OF COOLANT FLOW is through described housing, and described freezing mixture flows around it in the outside of described exchanger tube (20).Be provided with by its exchanger tube (20) mechanical device against each other.

Description

The exhaust-heat exchanger that has the tube bank of vibration damping exchanger

Technical field

The present invention relates to heat exchanger, the especially heat exchanger of internal combustion engines of motor vehicles gas recirculation system of vehicle exhaust system, described heat exchanger has the structure of independent claims preamble.Especially the rules of discharged nitrous oxides are more and more tighter owing to relate to emission from vehicles, so prior art is the air inlet side that gas of combustion is recycled to internal-combustion engine in field of internal combustion engine.Gas of combustion itself does not participate in combustion process once more in the firing chamber of internal-combustion engine, but constitutes inert gas, the mixture of dilute combustion Indoor Combustion air and fuel composition, and guarantee to mix more fully.Therefore, can minimize in combustion process with high combustion temperature is the appearance of the so-called hot spot (hot spot) of feature.This very high combustion temperature helps the formation of nitrogen oxide, therefore must avoid its appearance.

Background technique

Because the efficient of internal-combustion engine depends on the temperature of the combustion air that is introduced into combustion chambers of internal combustion engines substantially, so gas of combustion can not directly be circulated to the air inlet side again after combustion chambers of internal combustion engines comes out.In fact, the gas of combustion temperature must obviously reduce.Substantially, the temperature of the gas of combustion that comes out from combustion chambers of internal combustion engines is 900 ℃ or higher.On the contrary, the temperature that is conducted to the combustion chambers of internal combustion engines combustion air then should not surpass 150 ℃, and preferably is starkly lower than this temperature.For cooling recycle burning waste gas, well known in the prior art is to utilize so-called cooler for recycled exhaust gas.Various structure known in the state of the art, wherein, gas of combustion to be cooled cycles through exchanger tube substantially, and in the outer periphery ANALYSIS OF COOLANT FLOW of described exchanger tube, wherein freezing mixture is the cooling water of vehicle substantially.In order to increase efficient, proposed in the prior art gas of combustion guiding to be cooled exchanger tube bank by being connected in parallel at fluid stream, described freezing mixture substantially flows around the described pipe.

Patent publication us DE102004019554A1 discloses a kind of gas recirculation system that is used for internal-combustion engine, comprising the exhaust-heat exchanger that is made into two-part foundry goods.Because fuel can perfect combustion, so very hot gas of combustion is active, this has just proposed a technical problem that is difficult to or even can not solves, the surface of metal ceramic need be configured to can with the inactive surfaces of stainless steel surfaces analogy.

Patent publication us DE102005055482A1 discloses a kind of gas recirculation system that is applied to internal-combustion engine, has avoided the problems referred to above, and wherein the surface that will contact with high-temp combustion waste gas is made into non-aggressive steel surface.The housing of tube for heat exchanger and receiving heat-exchanger pipe is configured independent parts, and they are assembled in process of production.

In the disclosed exhaust-heat exchanger of patent publication us file DE102006009948A1, the pipeline of transmission high-temperature gas and the housing that holds around the exhaust piping flowing coolant are constituted plate type heat exchanger integratedly.The only formation when the plate of independent for example deep-drawing is assembled of runner that is used for the runner of hot combustion gas and is used for freezing mixture is to form plate heat exchanger.Patent publication us DE102006049106A1 has also followed similar notion.

The summary information of EGR Technology can be from for example obtaining the patent publication us DE10011954A1 in the relevant vehicle internal combustion engine.

Summary of the invention

Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of heat exchanger that is used for vehicle exhaust system, it comprises the exchanger tube bank of the independent formation with improved NVH characteristic (noise, vibration, hardness).

This purpose realizes by having the exhaust-heat exchanger independent claims feature, that be used for vehicle exhaust system.

Heat exchanger of the present invention is that the exhaust system for vehicle is provided with.Heat exchanger of the present invention comprises the exchanger tube bank at the transportation waste gas of the fluid stream independent formation that links to each other in parallel.Described exchanger tube is arranged in the housing independent formation, sealing, the freezing mixture described housing of flowing through.Described freezing mixture flows around it in the outside of described exchanger tube.According to the present invention, be provided with the mechanical device that is used for described heat transfer tube bundle, by described mechanical device, each exchanger tube is against each other.Described mechanical device preferably is formed separately from the housing of described heat exchanger.Preferably, described mechanical device is arranged in the zone of described housing, in described zone, if there is not described mechanical device, the high amplitude of the exchanger tube of described transportation waste gas then will occur in the vehicle operating process.

In advantageous embodiments, be provided with the band that is used for heat transfer tube bundle, wherein said band is positioned in the described tube bank in the described tube bank outside.In addition, described band links together a plurality of tube for heat exchangers with the rigid mechanical ways of connecting, thereby described band prevents to be positioned at least the vibration of pipe of the tube bank in the outside reliably.

In another remodeling embodiment, described band also forms the tube for heat exchanger that connected by the band mechanical abutting part with respect to described housing.In this case, band has not only prevented the exchanger tube relative vibration each other of tube bank, has also prevented the collective vibration (collective vibration) of tube bank cardinal principle with respect to housing around it.

If it is flexible that described abutting part is configured to, then obtain special advantage, thereby heat transfer tube bundle is with respect to the housing yielding support of heat exchanger.

In the particularly preferred embodiment of heat exchanger of the present invention, described band is arranged to form around at least a portion of described exchanger tube bank and the clamping part of preferred whole encirclement.

In another improvement embodiment of heat exchanger of the present invention, in the housing of heat exchanger, in described tube bank, guide plate is set, described guide plate is used for the described flow of coolant of guiding in described housing.If described guide plate for example is rigidly connected to a plurality of exchanger tubes by welding or soldering machinery, then obtain advantage at the NVH characteristic.Substantially, guide plate is connected to the exchanger tube that is close to it.Advantageously, guide plate not only is connected to a plurality of exchanger tubes, goes back the housing that mechanical rigid is connected to heat exchanger, especially is connected to the housing parts such as cover.

If the entrance and exit of described exchanger tube is arranged to be positioned at the described heat exchanger shell outside, if and the runner that twines extends in exchanger tube in housing, wherein said runner comprises at least 135 ° and preferred 180 ° angle of swing α, and then advantageously the special vibration damping of the heat transfer tube bundle of heat exchanger of the present invention is realized.In the exchanger tube of U-shaped or semicircular structure, exchanger tube is the point of the wall of the described heat exchanger shell of only mechanical butt conducting substantially, thereby forms antivibration characteristic good system.The performance of vibration is reduced strongly by the band that centers on the encirclement clamping part of tube bank according to provided by the invention and formation.Vibration performance is also further reduced by the guide plate that the front was narrated, and the same and a plurality of exchanger tubes of this guide plate link to each other.

If the fastening element that a plurality of tube for heat exchanger mechanical rigids are linked to each other is placed in the described tube bank, then can further reduce the vibration performance of exchanger tube bank.This fastening element can be formed by the metal tape of suitable shape, and it is by means of soldering or be welded to connect to the exchanger pipe.By metal tape being given suitable profile for example V-arrangement or U-shaped profile, metal tape can be provided with necessary rigidity.

Preferably, the exchanger tube in the heat exchanger of the present invention is made by a single-piece between the point of the wall of the described housing of conducting at least, and is made by the corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant material such as stainless steel, aluminum or aluminum alloy.In order to make the unburned waste gas and the exchanger tube that transmit in exchanger tube have high as far as possible rate of heat exchange between the flowing coolant on every side, the wall thickness of tube for heat exchanger will be configured to thin as far as possible, and this will improve its vibration performance certainly.For heat transfer efficiency is further enhanced, produce strong turbulent flow in the waste gas that can allow exchanger tube transmit, can realize by on the exchanger tube internal surface, forming helix structure at this.In mode especially efficiently, the wall of the exchanger tube that this helix structure can be by the punching press correspondence is made; Therefore, even further reduce the rigidity of exchanger tube, this makes vibration performance of exchanger tube bank further improve.Especially, in context, the aforementioned vibration reducing measure of taking in the exchanger tube bank is favourable.

Description of drawings

Other advantages and the feature that with the present invention are the heat exchanger of foundation will be embodied in appended claims and following embodiment, and they will further be set forth by legend.Wherein

Fig. 1 is first embodiment's of an exhaust-heat exchanger of the present invention decomposition view;

Fig. 2 is the plan view according to the mounting interface F of the exhaust-heat exchanger of second illustrative examples;

Fig. 3 is the plan view according to the exchanger tube bank of the 3rd embodiment's exhaust-heat exchanger;

Fig. 4 shows the schematic representation of the exchanger tube of heat exchanger as shown in Figure 1;

Fig. 5 is the sectional view of exchanger tube as shown in Figure 4;

Fig. 6 is the schematically showing of exchanger tube of form twining runner, shows the gyration degree α that circles round;

Fig. 7 is the plan view of the interface S that formed by housing lid, and wherein entrance and exit is positioned on the grid positions of orthogonal grid;

Fig. 8 is the plan view of the interface S that formed by housing lid, and wherein entrance and exit is positioned on the grid positions of hexagonal lattice;

Fig. 9 is the sectional view of the inlet/outlet of housing lid zone inner exchanger pipe;

Figure 10 is the decomposition view of another illustrative examples of exhaust-heat exchanger of exchanger tube with tube bank of vibration damping;

Figure 11 is the plan view of tube bank of installation of the exchanger tube of Figure 10;

Figure 12 is the decomposition view of another illustrative examples of exhaust-heat exchanger of exchanger tube with tube bank of vibration damping;

Figure 13 is the plan view of tube bank of installation of the exchanger tube of Figure 12;

Figure 14 is the decomposition view of another illustrative examples of exhaust-heat exchanger of exchanger tube with tube bank of vibration damping;

Figure 15 is a perspective view, shows the shock-absorbing spring element of the exhaust-heat exchanger that places as shown in figure 14;

Figure 16 is a perspective view, shows the exchanger tube bank that is in the illustrative examples as shown in figure 14 in the installment state;

Figure 17 is the plan view of exchanger tube bank as shown in figure 16;

Figure 18 is the decomposition view that the exchanger of another illustrative examples of heat exchanger of the present invention is restrained;

Figure 19 is another decomposition view of the exchanger tube bank of Figure 18;

Figure 20 is the plan view that is in the exchanger tube bank as shown in figure 18 in the installment state;

Figure 21 is along plane C-C, as shown in figure 19 the sectional view of outside tube bank of exchanger tube; And

Figure 22 a, 22b and 22c show different fastening element as shown in figure 21.

Embodiment

Fig. 1 shows the decomposition view according to the exhaust-heat exchanger of the present invention 1 of first illustrative examples.Heat exchanger 1 comprises housing 40, and housing comprises the clamshell 50 by housing lid 60 sealings.Clamshell 50 is constructed to foundry goods, especially can be made by aluminium alloy compression casting.Alternatively, shown in illustrative examples in clamshell 50 can make by any such material, described material is casting processing and have enough thermostabilitys on the other hand on the one hand.Because 50 of the clamshells of heat exchanger 1 of the present invention contact with freezing mixture, wherein said freezing mixture comes from the vehicle coolant circulatory system substantially, so be enough to reach 150 ℃ heat resistanceheat resistant performance for most applicable cases.But the plastics of magnesium or magnesium alloy, grey cast iron or die casting in addition also have been found to be other material that is suitable for clamshell.

In the front side, clamshell is formed for the flange 59 that is connected with housing lid 60.In an illustrated embodiment, housing lid 60 is made by several millimeters thick, the punching press corrosion resistant plate that is preferably about 2 millimeters thick.Connect into the close property of liquid by Sealing 52 between clamshell 50 and the housing lid 60 and be connected with tightness, Sealing is configured to the metal bead Sealing in the embodiment shown, and is inserted between them.Therefore, housing lid 60 screws togather flange 59 to clamshell 50 by screw 54; For this reason, clamshell 50 forms a plurality of major threads hole 55.In the position of correspondence, housing lid 60 comprises diameter through hole 65, and matching size screw 54 passes these through holes and inserts in the tapped hole 55, so that housing lid 60 screws togather to clamshell 50.

Clamshell 50 forms inner chamber 42, is arranged in the tube bank of holding U-shaped exchanger tube 20 in the described inner chamber.The size such as internal diameter and external diameter that each exchanger tube 20 is directed to them is identical, but the A/F W of U-shaped profile changes.The shape of inner chamber 42 and therefore the shape of clamshell 50 be suitable for the shape of the tube bank of exchanger tube 20 substantially so that the tube bank of exchanger tube 20 can utilize the space in the inner chamber 42 the most efficiently.

In the end of their correspondences, exchanger tube 20 forms inlet 22 and outlet 24 respectively.Corresponding aperture in the end of exchanger tube 20 so the conducting housing lid 60, described corresponding aperture have formed the inlet that is used for exchanger tube 20 or the firing point 66,68 of outlet.The entrance and exit 22,24 of exchanger tube 20 is the conducting housing lid 60 interior holes that form therefore; At firing point 66,68, exchanger tube 20 for example is connected to the mode tightness by soldering or welding and the close property of liquid housing lid 60.Therefore, exchanger tube 20 butt housing lid 60 mechanically.

In a preferred embodiment, exchanger tube 20 is made by thin-wall stainless steel.Exchanger tube 20 thereby be provided with the structure of punching press, thus on the internal surface of exchanger tube 20, form rising helix structure 26.Therefore, the tube bank of exchanger tube 20 is positioned to, and all inlets 22 and all outlet ports 24 correspondingly are arranged to group (cohesive group) poly-in, so that heat exchanger of the present invention 1 is connected to for example vehicle exhaust systems easily.For this reason, the front side of housing lid 60 forms assembling interface S, because the flat structures of housing lid 60, described assembling interface S is configured with flange-shape structure roughly.For heat exchanger 1 is mounted to vehicle, in clamshell 50, form additional tapped hole 53, the internal diameter of described additional tapped hole is littler than tapped hole 55.In metal bead Sealing 52 and housing lid 60, be formed with corresponding through hole 63.Via these through holes, heat exchanger 1 can be connected to the waste gas system and the coolant system of vehicle by a plurality of screws that do not illustrate in Fig. 1.

Except the inner chamber 42 of the tube bank of holding exchanger tube 20, clamshell 50 is formed for the inlet passage 56 and the discharge route 58 of freezing mixture; Described freezing mixture can for example be the cooling liquid from the internal-combustion engine cooling system of vehicle.Inlet passage 56 and discharge route 58 thereby be arranged to are used for the runner that extends to the bottom side from the top side inner chamber 42 by clamshell body 50 and form, and when heat exchanger 1 was operated according to application, the tube bank of exchanger tube 20 was flow through by freezing mixture thick and fast.For strong as far as possible interaction between the exchanger tube 20 of realizing freezing mixture and conveying waste gas, in the leg of U-shaped exchanger tube 20, also settle guide plate 36, described guide plate shown in illustrative examples in still preferably make by stainless steel, and soldering butt joint or butt welding are to the housing lid of also being made by stainless steel 60.Guide plate 36 has prolonged the runner of the inner chamber 42 interior freezing mixtures of housing 40, has therefore guaranteed the waste gas and the bigger heat exchanges of the intensity between the flowing coolant in inner chamber 42 of flowing in the exchanger tube 20.

The inlet passage 56 and the discharge route 58 that form in clamshell 50 end in the flange 59 that is formed by clamshell 50 equally, and web 57 forms in the end of each passage 56 and 58, is used to form the mechanical butt of the metal bead Sealing 56 of sitting idly on flange 59.Described Sealing has also formed the passage at the freezing mixture of the heat exchanger 1 of flowing through, and described passage is corresponding to the coolant entrance 62 and the coolant outlet 64 that form in housing lid 60.In the heat exchanger 1 of assembling, freezing mixture can enter and can discharge by coolant outlet 64 by coolant entrance 62, and gas of combustion to be cooled enters via the front side of housing lid 60 inlet 22 by exchanger tube 20 and pass through outlet 24 discharges.Shown in structure in, can be by independent shared mounting interface S.

This especially can be described clearly by Fig. 2, and Fig. 2 shows the perspective view of the mounting interface S of the heat exchanger 1 that changes a little among the embodiment.Can be clearly seen that the coolant entrance 62 and the coolant outlet 64 that form in the housing lid 60.In contrast, the great majority of exchanger tube 20 inlet 22 and export 24 and in Fig. 2, covered by trellis work 23.Inlet 22 and export 24 structures in housing lid 60 roughly corresponding to as shown in Figure 1 structure.In addition, heat exchanger significant difference as shown in Figure 2 is the adjustment structure of the fastening point 51 of clamshell 50, and these fastening point 51 are used for heat exchanger 1 is fastened on the mounting structure of vehicle.

Fig. 3 shows the perspective view of tube bank of the exchanger tube 20 of the heat exchanger 1 among the 3rd embodiment.Compare with heat exchanger shown in Figure 1, the tube bank of exchanger tube 20 shown here is significantly distinguished part and is, exchanger tube 20 is smooth, and for example seamless thin-wall stainless steel that draws, described steel pipe do not have picture helical structure 26 as shown in Figure 1.In addition, exchanger tube 20 is arranged to paired intersection, and this seems very clear on the turning point of U-shaped exchanger tube 20.

In Fig. 1, can also further be clear that the mode that the undesirable vibration of the tube bank of exchanger tube 20 in the inner chamber 42 of housing 40 is prevented from by means of technical measures.Be connected to housing lid 60 and the guide plate 36 that is placed in the tube bank of exchanger tube 20 is connected to adjacent exchanger tube 20 at its sidewall and in its curved top portion with the mechanical rigid Placement, for example realize that by welding or soldering mechanical rigid connects.Guide plate 36 mechanically adds the exchanger tube 20 that is seated in inboard exchanger tube bank thus, and has suppressed their vibration thus.

Vibration reducing measure as additional is provided with the band of being made by the punching press corrosion resistant plate of little wall thickness 30.This band surrounds the tube bank of exchanger tube 20 fully, and is connected to adjacent exchanger tube 20 at point of contact with the mechanical rigid ways of connecting, for example realizes by soldering or welding.Owing to surround the structure of exchanger tube bank, band 30 stops the exchanger tube 20 relative vibration each other that is positioned at the outside.In addition, band 30 has formed integrally formed abutting part 32, and it comprises the oblique angle protuberance.These abutting parts 32 are with respect to whole tube banks of housing 40 inwall yielding support exchanger tubes.

At last, settle fastening element 34 in the tube bank of exchanger tube 20, described fastening element is also made by the Stainless Steel Band of punching press.These fastening elements 34 constitute the mechanical rigid butt of the exchanger tube 20 of exchanger tube bank.For this reason, they for example are connected to exchanger tube 20 by welding or soldering with the mechanical rigid ways of connecting.

Should be noted that, can not want band 30 or fastening element 34 and be connected with the mechanical rigid of the exchanger tube 20 that disperses.As possible, exchanger tube bank can be arranged to enough butts of exchanger tube bank with the only interlocking between band 30 or the fastening element 34 or be arranged to band 30 or fastening element 34 is enough sat idly rigidly on exchanger is restrained.

Fig. 4 shows the side view according to an exchanger tube 20 of the heat exchanger 1 of first illustrative examples now.The free length of exchanger tube 20 is expressed as L, according to the size of heat exchanger 1, in the scope of described length between 2 and 30 centimetres; If be used in the vehicle with small-power internal-combustion engine, then the common suitable dimension of L is about 5 centimetres.For having 100 kilowatts or more high-power private vehicle, the size of L can be in the scope between 10 and 15 centimetres.For load-carrying vehicle, the size of L can be 20 centimetres or bigger.

Exchanger tube 20 has outer diameter D, in the scope of its size cardinal principle between 1 and 15 millimeter, be preferably between 6 and 12 millimeters, this is to use the exhaust-heat exchanger of heat exchanger as vehicle because this diameter has been found that the purpose of utilizing that is particularly suited for according to heat exchanger.Can find out significantly that from Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 of describing the cross section and perspective of exchanger tube 20 shown in Figure 4 the value scope of Stainless Steel Tube wall thickness WS is suitable for from 0.1 to 1 millimeter, especially also depends on the length L of tube for heat exchanger in the particular heat exchanger 1.The wall thickness WS of exchanger tube 20 is preferably in 0.3 to 0.6 millimeter scope.

Leg spacing W for U-shaped exchanger tube 20, have been found that, this spacing is preferably greater than or equals the twice of the outer diameter D of exchanger tube 20, especially W 〉=2.2 * D, wherein the leg width W is directly related with the radius of curvature R of U-shaped tube for heat exchanger 20 via W=2R, if used tube for heat exchanger 20 is thin walled tubes, for example makes, is provided with continuous helix structure 26 by stainless steel or aluminium.Especially little leg spacing W is favourable for the most efficient inner chamber that occupies housing 40, and because very limited but preferred in the operational space of vehicle interior.

In the framework of reality test, have been found that, if exchanger tube has helix structure 26 at least on inwall, then realize at particularly advantageous characteristic that in the waste gas of exchanger tube 20 of flowing through, produces turbulent flow and therefore high-intensity especially heat exchange from waste gas to the exchanger pipe.Interval D S between the pitch of the laps of helix structure 26 is advantageously in the scope between 1 and 15 millimeter, preferably the scope between 4 and 8 millimeters.The angle of inclination that accompanies therewith indicates with DW in Fig. 4.The height DT of the helix structure 26 of the rising on exchanger tube 20 inwalls advantageously scope be exchanger tube 20 outer diameter D of correspondence 1% and 20% between, here be preferably between 4% and 14%.

If a plurality of exchanger tubes 20 are provided for forming the exchanger tube bank, then have been found that, if the minimum range d between the outer surface of the exchanger tube 20 of corresponding exchanger tube bank is in the scope between 0.5 and 5 millimeter, then at especially high according to the obtainable efficient of the employed heat exchanger of application purpose.Here, the scope between 1 and 2 millimeter is preferred, and this is because if water can be obtained at the good especially result of efficient as freezing mixture.

In particularly preferred embodiment, the helix structure 26 in the exchanger tube 20 not only is formed on the internal surface of exchanger tube 20.In fact, by will producing helix structure 26 in the spiral-shaped outer surface that is stamped into exchanger tube 20, the helix structure 26 that this has caused the punching press on the internal surface of exchanger tube 20 to raise.

Fig. 6 has schematically shown angle of swing α, and it is surrounded by the runner that forms in the exchanger tube 20.In the preferred embodiment of heat exchanger 1 of the present invention, this angle of swing degree α is 180 °, that is to say opposite with the flow direction of the exhaust flow that enters 180 ° of the flow direction of the exhaust flow that comes out from the inner chamber 42 of heat exchanger 1.Yet in other structure, angle of swing α also can less than or greater than 180 °, the angular range between 135 degree are spent with 225 is preferred substantially.Have been found that the use of the exchanger tube 20 that on internal surface, is formed with helix structure 26, when 45 ° angle of swing α, increased efficient.

Fig. 7 is schematically illustrated in the inlet 22 of a plurality of exchanger tubes 20 that are arranged to restrain in the inner chamber 42 of heat exchanger shell 40 and the side view of outlet 24.Can find that inlet 22 and outlet 24 are positioned on the grid point of orthogonal grid.

If enter the mouth 22 and outlet 24 arrange as shown in Figure 8, then obtain even space hold rate more efficiently.Here, inlet 22 or export 24 and be arranged on the grid point of hexagonal lattice, this just means that each inlet 22 or each outlet 24 are by six adjacent inlets 22 or export 24 and surround.In this structure, exchanger tube 20 can be realized best utilization in the space in the inner chamber 42 of housing 40.

Fig. 9 shows housing lid 60 sectional views in the region, hole, and wherein the inlet of exchanger tube 20 or outlet side screw togather by described hole.In providing at the advantageous embodiment of making special advantage, the inlet of exchanger tube 20 or outlet side comprise supporting structure 27, and wherein said supporting structure forms the mechanical butt of pipe end at housing lid 60.This supporting structure can be formed by for example one or more somes shape protuberances, and in the embodiment shown in fig. 4, described supporting structure is stamped into circumferential protuberance portion.In the embodiment shown in fig. 9, the outer end of exchanger tube 20 is crimped, thereby by means of the combination of supporting structure 27 with seamed end, exchanger tube 20 is butt housing lid 60 mechanically.This butt realizes by means of the structural characteristics of the pipe end of exchanger tube 20, and significantly helps the manufacturing of heat exchanger of the present invention, and this is because exchanger tube 20 mechanically pre-fixes on housing lid 60.This has cancelled for the demand that for example by means of laser spot welding exchanger tube 20 additionally is fixed to housing 60 in the welding subsequently of exchanger pipe end and housing lid 60 or brazing process.Screw togather the corresponding aperture that passes in the housing lid 60 by the exchanger tube 20 that will have even internal diameter and external diameter, structure shown in Figure 9 can be made in exchanger tube in the simplest mode.Can use proper tools to make the edge of circumferential protuberance portion 27 and while crimping subsequently.Proper tools for example is a tube expander.

Figure 10 shows the exchanger tube bank according to another exhaust-heat exchanger 1 of the present invention, and its structure is roughly restrained corresponding to exchanger as shown in Figure 3, has taked various vibration reducing measure.Just in the U-shaped deflection area at exchanger tube 20, grid sheet (gridsheet) 70 is urged on exchanger tube 20 at inner end.From show be in the heat transfer tube bundle the installment state Figure 11 as can be seen, except two inboard exchange areas pipes 20, all exchanger tubes 20 are retained by grid sheet 70, they mechanically are supported.In the process that heat exchanger 1 of the present invention is installed, grid sheet 70 can be pushed on the exchanger tube 20.And it can also mechanically be fixed to the single or multiple exchanger tubes 20 in the exchanger tube bank by other measure such as soldering.Grid sheet 70 thereby manufacture the form of the parts that cut out by tinsel, its thickness preferably 0.5 and 2mm between.Because be not highly corrosive waste gas and only to be freezing mixture flow in most applications,, but preferably make around it by corrosion resistant steel disc so it for example can be made of aluminum.

As Figure 10 further shown in, guide plate 36 is inserted between two legs of the most inboard exchanger tube 20, wherein said the most inboard exchanger tube 20 intersects in the U-shaped deflection area, and described guide plate mechanically is rigidly connected to housing lid 60, for example the mode by soldering or spot welding.Guide plate from the end that housing lid 60 is left, guide plate 36 comprises the U-shaped folded part, its width is roughly corresponding to the A/F of the U-shaped leg that is positioned at the most inboard U-shaped exchanger tube 20, and preferably has bigger a little size.This folded part has specific spring action, thereby guide plate 36 can be inserted between the leg of exchanger tube, and is positioned at the folded part that the most inboard exchanger tube 20 can mechanically abut against guide plate 36.Except guide plate 36 be connected at this friction lock between the most inboard exchanger tube 20, can also be for example mode by soldering realize that additionally initiatively locking connects (positive lockingconnection).

Figure 12 shows the exchanger tube bank of another exhaust-heat exchanger of the present invention now in the mode of decomposition view, its structure of the tube bank of this exchanger tube is roughly restrained corresponding to exchanger as shown in figure 10.Reason will only be discussed difference for this reason.In this illustrative examples, grid sheet 70 is made less, thus its no longer overlapping two outer field exchanger tubes, and this especially can be as seen from Figure 13.It can also be seen that from Figure 13 be selected at grid sheet 70 its shapes, it follows the inboard profile of the second outer field exchanger tube 20, this has caused the clamping of grid sheet 70 to be sat idly.

In order to prevent the vibration of two outer field exchanger tubes, the independent fastening element 34 that comprises repeatedly the slip at oblique angle is inserted in the zone of U-shaped deflection between this two-layer exchanger tube, is inserted between this two-layer exchanger tube in the process that described fastening element is being installed in situation about simplifying most.In improved embodiment, fastening element further mechanically is connected to this two-layer exchanger tube, for example the mode by soldering.

In addition, guide plate 36 is changed with respect to as shown in figure 10 embodiment; This for example can find out from Figure 12 and 13.Guide plate 36 is formed with three spacer elements 37, and described spacer element for example is formed by punching press guide plate 36, and described spacer element is the structure of the rising on the opposed surface of guide plate 36, as shown in figure 13.It can also be seen that from Figure 13 spacer element 37 is sized to, guide plate 36 is between the exchanger tube that is inserted in two innermost layers the time, there with spacer element 37 against (butt).Equally, for example the mode by soldering is provided with additional active locking and is connected between the exchanger tube of the spacer element 37 of guide plate 36 and innermost layer.

Figure 14 shows the exchanger tube bank of another exhaust-heat exchanger 1 of the present invention, and its structure is also roughly corresponding to as shown in Figure 3 structure.Compare with Fig. 3, exchanger tube bank is as shown in figure 14 distinguished part on the one hand and is that guide plate 36 inserts the most inboard exchanger tube; Innermost layer does not comprise the exchanger tube 20 that alternately intersects at this.At this, the exchanger tube 20 of innermost layer mechanically abuts against guide plate 36, and described guide plate mechanically is rigidly connected to housing lid 60 by the inner of guide plate 36, the inner of described guide plate by the oblique angle to form a circular part.As a result, formed the elastic ends of guide plate 36, the U-shaped deflection area Mechanical Contact of the exchanger tube of described elastic ends and innermost layer.

In addition, between the discrete layer of the exchanger tube in the U-shaped deflection area, be inserted with independent spring element 72, the details of described spring element can be found out in Figure 15.This spring element 72 is made by the elastic sheet material of for example corrosion resisting steel, groove 74 is set so that obtain spring action.The layer structure of the shape of spring element 72 and exchanger tube 20 mated significantly, thereby intrafascicular at the exchanger tube that is used to as shown in figure 16 use, and spring element 72 has been determined along the spacing between the two the adjacent exchanger tube 20 of level and Vertical direction.Thereby, between exchanger tube 20 and spring element 72, can obtain simple initiatively locking and be connected, while spring element 72 can also for example be realized by soldering by initiatively locking the exchanger tube 20 that ways of connecting is connected to adjacent layer.By means of the geometrical construction of spring element, spring element 72 not only has the spring action transverse to its longitudinal axis.Spring element 72 also has the specific spring action along its longitudinal axis.If the size of spring element 72 correspondingly is set up, then they can be additionally with their inner surface of clamshell 50 of outer head contact exhaust-heat exchanger 1, thereby provide the exchanger tube bank on clamshell 50 additional against.

Figure 17 shows another plan view of exchanger tube bank as shown in figure 16, clearly show that the regular texture of the groove 74 that is provided for spring element 72 in this schematic representation.

Figure 18 shows last illustrative examples of exhaust-heat exchanger 1 of the present invention once more in the mode of decomposition view.Equally at this, the structure of exchanger tube bank is roughly corresponding to as shown in Figure 3 structure, thereby difference will only be discussed.As in illustrative examples before, guide plate 36 is inserted between the leg of exchanger tube of innermost layer, and described guide plate is connected to housing lid 60 (for clearly reason is not shown in Figure 20) by initiatively locking ways of connecting.In addition, a plurality of fastening elements 34 are inserted between the exchanger tube 20 of discrete layer, and described fastening element comprises the bar at the repeatedly oblique angle that steel disc is made, and roughly follow the structure of the exchanger tube 20 in the inner chamber 42 of heat exchanger 1.By fastening element 34, adjacent exchanger tube 20 along level and Vertical direction the two each other against.Fastening element 34 can be fixing by initiatively locking ways of connecting and exchanger tube 20 in their position.Fastening element also can be connected to exchanger tube 20 by initiatively locking ways of connecting, for example realizes by soldering.In addition, two ends of fastening element 34 form resilient tongue, and fastening element 34 and coupled exchanger tube 20 mechanically abut against the inwall of the clamshell 50 of heat exchanger 1 by described tongue.As can be seen from Figure 19, in the process that heat exchanger 1 of the present invention is installed, fastening element 34 can be inserted between the exchanger tube 20 of discrete layer.By means of the shape of fastening element 34, fastening element 34 is maintained on the exchanger tube 20 owing to initiatively locking to connect.

As described,, then can also further improve mechanical connection if fastening element 34 is brazed to exchanger tube 20.For this purpose, fastening element 34 can be coated with brazing material on its one or both sides.After total as shown in figure 19 was assembled, it can be transmitted through brazier, so that fastening element 34 is brazed to exchanger tube 20.The mode of this soldering also is specially adapted to be used in other situation, and the active locking between the discrete parts of the exhaust-heat exchanger of no matter whether mentioning before connects.

Figure 20 shows the exchanger tube bank as shown in figure 19 that is in the beamhouse operation state, clearly show that the structure of the fastening element 34 between each layer of exchanger tube 20 at this.

Figure 21 shows along the sectional view of plane C-C, shown in Figure 19 outermost exchanger tube.At this, for example except the fastening element 34 at as shown in figure 19 repeatedly oblique angle, additional fastening element 34 can also be set, its for example the mode of soldering be arranged on the outer field exchanger tube 50.As shown in figure 21, the shape of fastening element 34 roughly meets the structure of overlapping exchanger tube 20.In improved illustrative examples as shown in figure 21, fastening element 34 is additionally formed spacer element 37, and wherein said spacer element is interposed between the discrete exchanger tube 20.In improved embodiment, the end of spacer element can form additional spring element 35, described spring element guarantees that the favourable clamping of fastening element 34 on exchanger tube 20 sit idly, and this is especially in the exchanger tube bank process that heat exchanger 1 of the present invention is installed.

Finally, the bar of steel disc (punch components) as can be seen from Figure 22 a, b and c, they can be used to make fastening element 34 as shown in figure 21.Figure 22 a shows the simple bar of steel disc, thereby its deformable is roughly corresponding to the overlay structure of exchanger tube 20.As shown in figure 21, additional spacer element 37 is not provided with at this.On the contrary, the fastening element 34 shown in Figure 22 b and c has such spacer element 37, described spacer element in making the process of fastening element 34 by 90 ° at oblique angle.Fastening element 34 shown in Figure 22 c finally also has additional spring element 35 except spacer element 37, described spring element is arranged on the end of spacer element, and in making the process of fastening element 34 with respect to spacer element 37 by 90 ° at oblique angle once more.Be arranged in cold water owing to be used for making the bar of the steel disc of fastening element 34, thus they can form by aluminium, yet for example preferably form by the elasticity corrosion resisting steel.

Reference numerals list

1 heat exchanger, 52 seals

20 exchanger tubes, 53 screwed holes

22 entrances, 54 screws

23 lattice structures, 55 screwed holes

24 outlets, 56 admission passages

26 helical structures, 57 webs

27 supporting structures, 58 passing aways

30 bands, 59 flanges

32 abutting parts, 60 case lid

34 fastening elements, 63 through holes

35 spring elements, 65 through holes

The firing point of 36 deflectors, 66 entrances

The firing point of 37 spacer elements, 68 outlets

40 housing S mounting interfaces

42 inner chambers, 70 grid sheets

50 clamshells, 72 spring elements

51 fastening point, 74 grooves

Claims (16)

1. heat exchanger (1) that is used for the motor vehicle exhaust system, comprise the tube bank of exchanger tube (20) independent formation, transportation waste gas, wherein each described exchanger tube (20) is in parallel with respect to fluid stream, described exchanger tube is arranged in the housing (40) independent formation, sealing, the freezing mixture described housing of flowing through, described freezing mixture flows around it in the outside of described exchanger tube (20), it is characterized in that, be provided with mechanical device, by described mechanical device, each exchanger tube (20) is against each other.

2. heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 (1) is characterized in that, described mechanical device is formed separately with respect to the housing (40) of described heat exchanger.

3. heat exchanger as claimed in claim 2 (1), it is characterized in that described mechanical device is arranged in the zone of described housing (40), in described zone, if there is not described mechanical device, the high amplitude of the exchanger tube (20) of described transportation waste gas then will appear in the vehicle operating process.

4. heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 (1), it is characterized in that, described mechanical device is configured to the band (30) of the tube bank of exchanger tube (20), and described band is placed on the outside of described tube bank and with a plurality of exchanger tube mechanical rigids interconnection.

5. heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 (1) is characterized in that, described band (30) forms at the tube for heat exchanger (20) of the mechanical rigid interconnection mechanical abutting part (32) with respect to described housing (40).

6. heat exchanger as claimed in claim 4 (1) is characterized in that, it is flexible that described abutting part (32) is configured to.

7. heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 (1) is characterized in that, described band (30) forms at least a portion clamping part around described tube bank.

8. heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 (1) is characterized in that, fastening element (34) is set, and described fastening element is placed in the described tube bank and with a plurality of tube for heat exchangers (20) mechanical rigid and interconnects.

9. heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 (1), it is characterized in that, in the inherent described tube bank of housing (40) guide plate (36) is set, described guide plate is used for the described flow of coolant of guiding in described housing (40), and described guide plate mechanical rigid is connected to a plurality of exchanger tubes (20).

10. heat exchanger as claimed in claim 8 (1) is characterized in that, described guide plate (36) mechanical rigid is connected to described housing (40).

11. heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 (1), it is characterized in that, inlet of described exchanger tube (22) and outlet (24) are arranged to be positioned at described housing (40) outside, and they are arranged to each other, the runner that twines extension between the inlet (22) of each exchanger tube and outlet (24), described runner comprise at least 135 ° and preferred 180 ° angle of swing α.

12. heat exchanger as claimed in claim 10 (1) is characterized in that, the runner of different exchanger tubes (20) does not contact with each other between the inlet (22) of a described exchanger tube (20) of correspondence and outlet (24).

13. heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 (1) is characterized in that, described exchanger tube (20) is made by a single-piece between the point (66,68) of the wall of the described housing of conducting (40).

14. heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 (1) is characterized in that, described exchanger tube (20) is bent to roughly U-shaped or semicircle between the described point (66,68) of the wall of the described housing of conducting (40).

15. heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 (1) is characterized in that, described exchanger tube (20) is located mechanical rigid at the point (66,68) of the wall of the described housing of conducting and is connected to described housing (40).

16. heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 (1) is characterized in that, described exchanger tube (20) is made by the corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant material such as stainless steel or aluminium.

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