Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of chromium-tungsten-rare earth-boron series air cooling medium high carbon bainitic steel and preparation method thereof, reinforcement theory according to bainitic transformation principle and steel, the synergy of the multi-element alloyed element of appropriate design, micro alloying element and composite inoculating are handled, make steel obtain high-hardenability, high refined crystalline strengthening and high diffusive are strengthened, thereby the simplification thermal treatment process shortens the production cycle, makes the bainitic steel of high rigidity, high tenacity and high-wearing feature.
Chromium-tungsten-rare earth-boron series air cooling medium high carbon bainitic steel that the present invention proposes, the mass percent of each chemical composition is:
C 0.38-1.2
Mn 1.8-3.0
Si 0.6-1.8
Cr 0.3-2.8
W 0.05-2.0
Mo 0-0.6
Ni 0-0.5
V 0-0.2
Re 0.04-0.16
B 0.001-0.006
Al 0.08-0.25
P and S are less than 0.035
All the other are Fe.
The preparation method of above-mentioned chromium-tungsten-rare earth-boron series air cooling medium high carbon bainitic steel that the present invention proposes comprises following each step:
(1) with electric furnace melting according to a conventional method, raw material adopts steel scrap, ferrochrome, ferrosilicon, molybdenum-iron, ferrotungsten, vanadium iron, electrolytic manganese, 99 nickel plates, rare earth, ferro-boron, deoxidation aluminium wire;
(2) earlier with the steel scrap heat fused, add electrode powder, electrolytic manganese, ferrosilicon behind the furnace charge fine melt successively and precipitate pre-deoxidation, add ferrochrome, ferrotungsten, molybdenum-iron, vanadium iron, 99 nickel plates again, analytical test C, Mn, Si content, be warming up to 1550 ℃, transfer C, add electrolytic manganese and ferrosilicon, transfer the content of Mn, Si, it is topped to increase slag;
(3) after temperature rises to 1670-1700 ℃, add the aluminium wire of steel quality 0.2-0.5%, be incubated tapping in 1-3 minute;
(4) will wrap up through the compound modifier of rare earth after the oven dry under broken 250 ℃ and boron composition, put into the ladle bottom, dash bag with molten steel, the add-on of rare earth and boron accounts for steel quality percentage ratio: Re:0.04-0.16, B:0.001-0.006 normally pours into a mould when liquid steel temperature drops to 1620-1640 ℃ in the bag;
(5) foundry goods is incubated 2-5 hour down at 880-1220 ℃, and air cooling is incubated 2-7 hour to 250-350 ℃ of tempering, and air cooling is to room temperature.
Chromium-tungsten-rare earth-boron series air cooling medium high carbon bainitic steel that the present invention proposes and preparation method thereof compared with prior art has the following advantages:
1, the present invention cooperates by kind and the content of setting alloy element and micro alloying element, and various carbide quantity are increased, and disperse is evenly distributed, and structure refinement makes the bainitic steel of preparation have high strong hardness, high tenacity and high-wearing feature.
2, the bainitic steel of the present invention's preparation; hardening capacity is very strong; can reach high competency and wear resistance by air cooling; need not carry out very complicated heat treatment processes such as quenching, need not spend very long heat treatment time, help boosting productivity; reduce production costs; accomplish scale production, the protection environment alleviates labor strength.
3, the present invention is based on cheap elements such as carbon, manganese, silicon, chromium, and expensive element consumption is few, and ratio of performance to price height is convenient to promote.
Embodiment
Chromium-tungsten-rare earth-boron series air cooling medium high carbon bainitic steel that the present invention proposes, the mass percent of each chemical composition is: C:0.38-1.2, Mn:1.8-3.0, Si:0.6-1.8, Cr:0.3-2.8, W:0.05-2.0, Mo:0-0.6, Ni:0-0.5, V:0-0.2, Re:0.04-0.16, B:0.001-0.006, Al:0.08-0.25, P and S: less than 0.035, all the other are Fe.
The preparation method of above-mentioned chromium-tungsten-rare earth-boron series air cooling medium high carbon bainitic steel that the present invention proposes comprises following each step:
(1) with electric furnace melting according to a conventional method, raw material adopts steel scrap, ferrochrome, ferrosilicon, molybdenum-iron, ferrotungsten, vanadium iron, electrolytic manganese, 99 nickel plates, rare earth, ferro-boron, deoxidation aluminium wire;
(2) earlier with the steel scrap heat fused, add electrode powder, electrolytic manganese, ferrosilicon behind the furnace charge fine melt successively and precipitate pre-deoxidation, add ferrochrome, ferrotungsten, molybdenum-iron, vanadium iron, 99 nickel plates again, analytical test C, Mn, Si content, be warming up to 1550 ℃, transfer C, add electrolytic manganese and ferrosilicon, transfer the content of Mn, Si, it is topped to increase slag;
(3) after temperature rises to 1670-1700 ℃, add the aluminium wire of steel quality 0.2-0.5%, be incubated tapping in 1-3 minute;
(4) will wrap up through the compound modifier of rare earth after the oven dry under broken 250 ℃ and boron composition, put into the ladle bottom, dash bag with molten steel, the add-on of rare earth and boron accounts for steel quality percentage ratio: Re:0.04-0.16, B:0.001-0.006 normally pours into a mould when liquid steel temperature drops to 1620-1640 ℃ in the bag;
(5) foundry goods is incubated 2-5 hour down at 880-1220 ℃, and air cooling is incubated 2-7 hour to 250-350 ℃ of tempering, and air cooling is to room temperature.
Bainitic steel of the present invention electric furnace normal smelting rises to 1670-1700 ℃ with temperature before the tapping, adds the aluminium of molten steel weight 0.2-0.5%, is incubated 1-3 minute, tapping, and rare earth boron is used towards bag method adding back normal pouring and is become foundry goods.Rare earth boron is wherein used towards the bag method and is added, and is about to put into behind rare earth and the boron parcel bottom of ladle, and molten steel pours that fusing stirs well in the bag, reaches normally cast after the teeming temperature.Last foundry goods is through 880-1220 ℃ of insulation 2-5 hour, air cooling, and 250-350 ℃ of tempering is incubated 2-7 hour, air cooling.
The bainitic steel of the inventive method preparation, the theoretical foundation that its chemical ingredients is set is as follows:
C is one of most important solution strengthening element in the steel, determined the hardenability of steel, and significantly improve the hardening capacity of steel, carbon forms even martensitic stucture proof strength in matrix, form carbide with other alloying element alloying, maximum to the tensile strength contribution that improves bainitic steel, be the element that improves the most modest valency of material wear ability, but the high fragility of carbon content increases, and the present invention contains carbon range and is set in 0.38-1.2%.
Si is that deoxidant element also is non-carbide organizer, be main alloy element in the bainitic steel, can increase the activity of carbon in austenite, form carbide-free Bainite, improve the intensity of steel in the mode of solution strengthening, especially improve yield strength, yield tensile ratio and the hardness of steel.Silicon can make the TTT of steel or CCT curve move to right, and improves bainite hardening capacity, toughness and wear resistance, can eliminate quenching stress, improves tempering temperature and resistance to tempering.But greying appears in the too high meeting of silicone content, and the present invention is controlled at 0.6-1.8% with its content.
Mn is that deoxidant element is again the main strengthening element of steel, can improve the stability in perlite and austenitic transformation district, prolongs austenitic transformation incubation period, reduces the Ms point, cooperates this effect stronger with chromium, tungsten, thereby can improve the hardening capacity of this steel greatly.Manganese has good solution strengthening effect, can improve intensity, hardness and the wear resistance of steel.But experimental results show that too high levels easily forms imitative crystal formation tissue, increase the temper brittleness of steel, the present invention sets manganese content at 1.8-3.0%.
Cr can improve the hardening capacity of steel, can make perlite and bainite transformation distinguish from, can form the carbide solid solution with carbon, iron goes in the matrix, particularly under the synergy of tungsten, chromium solid solution capacity in matrix is increased, further promote the effect of chromium performance hardening capacity, improve intensity, hardness and the wear resistance of steel.The present invention is controlled at 0.3-2.8% with chromium.
W is the important element that improves the hardening capacity of steel, can acutely postpone perlite and bainite transformation, and that the latter postpones to change is smaller, so tungsten is bainite hardening capacity in steel.This hardening capacity effect of tungsten obtains further performance under the synergy of chromium.Chromium can increase the solid capacity of tungsten in matrix, improves martensitic microhardness.Tungsten is again the element very strong with the carbon avidity, easily forms the carbide of tungsten, has not only improved the microhardness of carbide but also has increased the quantity of dispersoid particle, has significantly improved the hardness and the wear resistance of material.Tungsten is the very effective element that suppresses grain growth down the collaborative of vanadium, makes grain refining.Tool steel, high carbon steel must have fine crystalline structure, are distorted and embrittlement when quenching to reduce, and when intensity improves, obtain maximum toughness.Because the formation of the carbide of tungsten can reduce the content of carbon in the steel, and weaken the performance of the advantage of tungsten, the present invention adopts medium carbon steel, and especially high carbon steel adds tungstenalloyization, has improved hardening capacity, intensity and the toughness of steel greatly.Upper bainite wear resisting steel of the present invention is harder, more wear-resisting than rapid steel, and cutting speed is between rapid steel and wolfram varbide.The present invention is controlled at 0.05-2.0% to the content of tungsten.
V can make the supercooled austenite transition curve move to right, be to cooperate one of effective elements of hardening capacity that improves steel with chromium, tungsten, can obtain thinner perlite, improve the sorbitizing degree, because the microalloying of vanadium inhibition cementite is separated out, help grain boundary ferrite and abnormal pearlitic formation simultaneously, vanadium is strong carbide forming element, be distributed in ferrite and the perlite with fine particle shape carbide dispersion, perlite is more wear-resisting than tempered martensite and bainite under same rigidity.The add up intensity, toughness and the wear resistance that make steel of the present invention of these several effects is greatly improved.The present invention adopts vanadium to cooperate with tungsten to improve anti-tempering power, the red hardness of high carbon steel of the present invention and creep-resistant property are greatly improved, be used for teeth, the development machine gear hobbing has improved wear resistance and work-ing life.The content of vanadium can make steel hardenability descend significantly as if>0.28%, and the present invention is controlled at 0-0.2% with vanadium.
Ni adds separately in the carbon steel, can obviously improve the stability of supercooled austenite, and the whole C curve is moved to right, when nickel and chromium, manganese, molybdenum add in the steel simultaneously, it is the most remarkable to improve the hardening capacity effect, strengthens the intensity of steel and does not reduce its plasticity, especially improves the low-temperature impact toughness of steel.The present invention controls nickel at 0-0.5%.
Mo can improve the hardening capacity of steel, significantly suppresses bainite and ferritic transformation, and perlite is separated with the bainite transformation curve, can crystal grain thinning, the solution strengthening matrix is with the chromium synergy martensite that is easy to get, improve the comprehensive mechanical performance of steel, reduce temper brittleness.The present invention controls molybdenum at 0-0.6%.
Re-B be emphasis of the present invention add in order to the obdurability that increases substantially steel of the present invention and the compound modifier of hardening capacity.(1) carbon content scope of the present invention is set in medium carbon steel and high carbon steel, and to obtain the wear resisting steel of high rigidity, high sheet (fragility) ratio of martensite is higher because carbon content heals, and the cold shortness of steel is outstanding.After rare earth boron compound modifier adds, not only the plate martensite ratio reduces, lath (toughness) ratio of martensite increases, and make the plate martensite refinement, lath martensite length and width size all diminishes, and impel the martensite substructure dislocationization, and obtain tiny dislocatrion martensite, steel toughness under the high rigidity performance is doubled and redoubled.(2) boron is the most effective trace element of hardening capacity that improves steel; the beginning curve that the gentle temperature of bainite is changed moves right; make steel in wideer cooling rate scope, obtain bainite structure; the solid solution boron of trace can improve the hardening capacity of steel strongly; but along with carbon content in the steel increases, this hardening capacity of boron descends very fast, and the adding of rare earth has the effect of protection boron; improve the rate of recovery of boron, still kept the high-hardenability of steel.(3) rare earth and boron synergy makes the more refinement of organizing of steel.The as-cast structure of rare earth energy refinement steel improves distribution of carbides, and alloying elements such as carbon, chromium, molybdenum are fully spread, and makes the homogenization of composition of steel, helps improving the impelling strength of steel.Single boron is cooked alterant, slightly promotes the tendency of grain coarsening, but the strong effect of rare earth anchoring effect of enrichment and dispersoid particle on crystal boundary has overcome this tendency.The adding of boron is lacked than the The amount of inclusions that the single rare earth alterant forms again, and granularity is thinner, and more rounding is more evenly distributed, and the toughness of steel is increased substantially.(4) the rotten processing of rare earth boron can promote residual austenite (toughness phase constitution) film to form between martensite lath, and the amount of separating out of tempering carbide is obviously increased, and tiny carbide dispersion is distributed in the lath martensite, and it is particularly favourable that this improves toughness to high carbon steel.The content of rare earth and boron is controlled at Re:0.04-0.16%, B:0.001-0.006%.
The Al solid solution can improve the hardening capacity of steel in ferrite, exist with infusible compound aluminium sesquioxide and aluminium nitride, and effective crystal grain thinning then improves the obdurability and the wear resistance of steel.Aluminium is that deoxidant element also is the AlN organizer, and the present invention utilizes aluminium degree of depth desoxydatoin, to improve rare earth boron composite inoculating effect.If oxygen in the molten steel, nitrogen content are higher, the combination with it of rare earth and boron then will not have micro-solid solution boron to exist in the steel, and metamorphism will disappear.It is 0.08-0.25% that the present invention limits remaining Al content.
The present invention makes the medium high carbon bainitic steel obtain high combination of strength and toughness and high wear resistance, has selected the manufacturing process that adapts with above-mentioned alloying and microalloying for use.Tapping temperature is 1670-1700 ℃, adds excessive aluminium: 0.2-0.5% under this temperature, and is incubated 1-3 minute, to obtain high-hardenability and degree of depth deoxidation double effects, has also created top condition for the adding of rare earth boron compound modifier.Quenching temperature is 880-1220 ℃, is incubated 2-5 hour, and the effect that composite inoculating is handled is further brought into play, and carbide fully dissolves, and disperse is even, and the impelling strength of steel is greatly improved.Tempering temperature is 250-350 ℃ of insulation 2-7 hour, can separate out more proeutectoid carbide, thereby make the wear resistance of steel higher.The metallographic structure of final steel is the carbide that martensite+lower bainite+small portion of residual austenite+even dispersion distributes, hardness HRC52-66, and impelling strength reaches 35-85J/cm
2The steel of the inventive method preparation has obtained excellent combination of strength and toughness, has anti-low-stress and heavily stressed large impact polishing machine, both can anti-cutting abrasion, but antistripping lost efficacy again, and welding property is good.
Below introduce embodiments of the invention:
Use electrosmelting of intermediate frequency, raw material adopts steel scrap, ferrochrome, ferrosilicon, molybdenum-iron, ferrotungsten, vanadium iron, electrolytic manganese, 99 nickel plates, rare earth, ferro-boron, deoxidation aluminium wire.Earlier steel scrap is put into the fusing of stove internal heating, add electrode powder (C), electrolytic manganese, ferrosilicon behind the furnace charge fine melt successively and precipitate pre-deoxidation, add ferrochrome, ferrotungsten, molybdenum-iron, vanadium iron, 99 nickel plates again, analytical test C, Mn, Si content, be warming up to 1550 ℃, transfer C, add electrolytic manganese, ferrosilicon accent Mn, Si, it is topped to increase slag.After temperature rises to 1670-1700 ℃, add the aluminium wire of molten steel weight 0.2-0.5%, be incubated tapping in 1-3 minute.To wrap up through the rare earth boron compound modifier after broken 250 ℃ of oven dry and put into the ladle bottom, and dash bag with molten steel, the add-on of rare earth and boron is steel quality percentage ratio: Re0.04-0.16, B0.001-0.006.Normally pour into a mould when liquid steel temperature drops to 1620-1640 ℃ in the bag.Foundry goods was through 880-1220 ℃ of insulation 2-5 hour, and air cooling is incubated 2-7 hour to 250-350 ℃ of tempering, and air cooling is to room temperature.Metallographic structure is the carbide that martensite+lower bainite+small portion of residual austenite+even dispersion distributes.Hardness reaches HRC52-66, and toughness reaches 35-85J/cm
2Suitable high abrasion steel casting and the various precision die of making under the different working conditions of steel of the present invention.
The concrete technology of each embodiment sees the following form:
The embodiment preface |
C |
Mn |
Si |
Cr |
W |
Mo |
Ni |
V |
Re |
B |
AI |
HRC |
akJ /cm2 |
1 |
0.38 |
1.8 |
0.6 |
1.0 |
0.1 |
0 |
0.05 |
0.1 |
0.08 |
0.005 |
0.10 |
52 |
85 |
2 |
0.48 |
2.2 |
1.2 |
1.8 |
0.0 5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.04 |
0.003 |
0.12 |
55 |
39 |
3 |
0.59 |
2.2 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.35 |
0 |
0.10 |
0.004 |
0.08 |
59 |
51 |
4 |
0.75 |
2.3 |
1.8 |
2.8 |
1.6 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.13 |
0.006 |
0.16 |
61 |
45 |
5 |
0.95 |
3.0 |
1.3 |
2.5 |
1.2 |
0.45 |
0.2 |
0.08 |
0.14 |
0.002 |
0.25 |
64 |
39 |
6 |
1.2 |
2.5 |
1.2 |
0.3 |
2.0 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.05 |
0.16 |
0.001 |
0.21 |
66 |
35 |