CN101602832B - 一种二茂铁基接枝聚合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种二茂铁基接枝聚合物及其制备方法。以聚二茂铁甲基氯硅烷(PFMCS)为大分子引发剂,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为接枝单体,在催化剂/配位剂的存在下,经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)、纯化及干燥处理,得到含二茂铁的聚二茂铁硅烷-g-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PFS-g-PMMA)聚合物,在聚合过程中,可以通过控制聚合工艺调节PFS-g-PMMA中二茂铁的质量分数含量。该聚合物中二茂铁以分子尺度均匀分布在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)基体中,不升华、不抽出迁移,具有优异的综合稳定性,可作为制备光控器件的新材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种二茂铁基接枝聚合物及其制备方法,具体涉及一种以聚二茂铁甲基氯硅烷(PFMCS)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为主要原料,经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)方法,制得的主链含二茂铁,侧链为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)的聚合物,可作为制备光控器件的新材料,属高分子材料技术领域。
背景技术
二茂铁及其衍生物由于其独特的氧化还原特征和广泛的工业应用备受关注。众多科研工作者专注于各种聚二茂铁的合成,它们包括线形、星形、树枝状和超支化的聚二茂铁等,而侧链高密度接枝的聚二茂铁(或称梳形聚二茂铁)未见报道。随着聚合技术的不断发展,可控的活性自由基聚合ATRP技术,为这类拓扑结构聚二茂铁创造了契机;同时,改变聚二茂铁结构单元上的取代基团或侧链,可以调控聚二茂铁材料的光致导电性能(Cyr,P.W.;Tzolov,M.;Manners,I.;Sargent,E.H.[J].Macromolecular Chemistry and Physica 2003,204(7):915-921.)。
利用二茂铁作为添加剂或掺杂组分,制备出光敏复合材料等的工业化应用实例较多。例如,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯经二茂铁掺杂,在室温下获得持久的光致导电性能(Thander,A.;Mallik,B.[J].Solid State Communications,2002,121(2-3),159-164);由于二茂铁在常温下易升华,二茂铁衍生物在聚合物体系中容易迁移(Grevels,F.-W.;Kuran,A.;S.;Zora,M.[J].Journal ofOrganometallic Chemistry 1999,587(1):122-126.),因此,这些材料在体系的稳定性方面存在着严重的缺陷。
聚二茂铁的后功能化可以制备出很多新颖的功能材料。例如,将含氢硅烷结构单元的聚二茂铁接枝液晶单元,可以制得侧链液晶聚二茂铁;将羟基化合物取代聚二茂铁氯硅烷,得到用于药物缓释的功能聚合物;其中,最方便易得的即是聚二茂铁甲基氯硅烷。将二茂铁双锂化和三氯硅烷生成桥环二茂铁,进一步通过开环聚合即可得到聚二茂铁氯硅烷;例如,控制聚合时间,即可得到不同分子量的聚二茂铁氯硅烷(Zechel,D.L.;Hultzsch,K.C.;Rulkens,R.;Balaishis,D.;Ni,Y.;Pudelski,J.K.;Lough,A.J.;Manners,I.;Foucher,D.A.Organometallics 1996,15(8):1972-1978.)。然而,将聚二茂铁氯硅烷作为原子转移自由基聚合的引发剂,进一步制备梳形聚合物未见报道。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中二茂铁衍生物在聚合物体系中容易迁移,导致体系稳定性较差的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种二茂铁以分子尺度分散在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯基体中,不升华、不抽出迁移,具有优异的综合稳定性的二茂铁基接枝聚合物及其制备方法。
实现上述发明目的的技术方案是提供一种二茂铁基接枝聚合物,它以聚二茂铁甲基氯硅烷为引发剂,甲基丙烯酸甲酯为接枝单体,其化学结构式为:
聚合物中二茂铁质量分数为0.01~50.73%。
一种二茂铁基接枝聚合物的制备方法,其步骤包括:
A.在无水无氧氛围中,温度为40~90℃的条件下,接枝单体和聚合体系在溶剂中经原子转移自由基聚合反应,得到聚合物溶液;所述的接枝单体为甲基丙烯酸酯;所述的聚合体系包括大分子引发剂、催化剂和配位剂,大分子引发剂为聚二茂铁甲基氯硅烷;
B.对上述聚合物溶液进行纯化、干燥处理,得到二茂铁基接枝聚合物。
所述的催化剂为CuCl和CuBr中的一种;所述的配位剂为2,2’-联吡啶、N,N,N’,N”,N”五甲基二亚乙基三胺、2-吡啶甲醛缩正丙胺和双(二甲基氨基乙基)醚中的一种;按摩尔数,催化剂∶配位剂为1.0~2.0∶1.0~3.0;所述的溶剂为苯甲醚、甲苯、苯、氯仿、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、二苯醚和四氢呋喃中的一种。
按体积比,接枝单体∶溶剂为1.0~2.0∶1.0。
本发明具有的有益效果是:
1.本发明以化学可控聚合接枝的方法,在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯中引入聚二茂铁,因此,与物理掺杂或共混复合相比,二茂铁以分子尺度分散在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯基体中,不升华、不抽出迁移,具有优异的综合稳定性。
2.聚二茂铁接枝聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯是一种接枝共聚物,其拓扑结构为梳形,具有良好的加工性能,特别是成膜性能优良,为复杂器件制备提供了便利。
3.本发明采用聚二茂铁氯硅烷作为一种新颖的ATRP引发剂,进一步后功能化聚合接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯。由于采用了原子转移自由基聚合技术,它是一种活性聚合,因此,可以通过控制ATRP的反应条件,调节二茂铁在PMMA基体中的含量,实现PMMA的可控本征“掺杂”,得到不同二茂铁含量的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
附图说明
附图1是本发明实施例制备的二茂铁基接枝甲基丙烯酸甲聚合物(PFS-g-PMMA)的1H核磁共振图谱。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步描述:
实施例:
本实施例技术方案具体步骤如下:
1.原料精制
称取120gCuCl于500mL烧杯中,加入质量浓度为36~38%浓盐酸300mL,磁子搅拌使其溶解,得到饱和盐酸溶液;再用1000mL烧杯量取600mL去离子水,将上述饱和盐酸溶液慢慢转移至其中稀释,磁力搅拌,离心分离后去掉上层淡绿色清液,得到白色固体粉末;以上操作重复2次。最后用3×100mL无水乙醇洗涤,将固体转移至250mLSchlenk瓶中,在无水无氧环境中,磁力搅拌15min,静置20min,除去上层清液。改用2×100mL乙醚洗涤;室温下在干燥N2气氛中,干燥后备用。
在500mL梨形分液漏斗中加入250mL甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体,用质量浓度为5%的NaOH溶液洗涤数次至碱液无色(每次用量40~50mL),用去离子水洗涤至PH为中性,用无水Na2SO4干燥处理后,减压蒸馏,最后用CaH2(50g/L)冷藏干燥后备用。
在500mL圆底烧瓶中加入400mL苯甲醚,减压蒸馏得苯甲醚置于500mL棕色细口试剂瓶中,加入CaH2(50g/L),干燥后备用。
2.聚合反应
取100mL的干燥Schlenk瓶,加热真空脱气后充氩气冷却。在氩气保护下,依次加入270mg大分子引发剂聚二茂铁甲基氯硅烷和引发单元,引发单元由190mg配位剂2,2’-双联吡啶和52mg催化剂CuCl组成。然后用注射器依次加入25mL溶剂苯甲醚和25mL接枝单体甲基丙烯酸甲酯,磁力搅拌。采用液氮冷冻,抽真空,充氩气解冻的操作以除去溶液中溶解的痕量氧,如上除氧操作循环三次;最后于90℃油浴下进行经原子转移自由基聚合反应,到达预定反应时间(3~12h),降温置于空气中,得到聚合溶液。
本发明通过控制聚合工艺,预设聚合反应时间,以达到调节PFS-g-PMMA中二茂铁的质量分数为0.01~50.73%的含量。
在本实施例中,组成引发体系的配位剂还可采用N,N,N’,N”,N”五甲基二亚乙基三胺、2-吡啶甲醛缩正丙胺和双(二甲基氨基乙基)醚等;催化剂也可以是CuBr等;按摩尔比,催化剂∶配位剂为1.0~2.0∶1.0~3.0。
本实施例中使用的溶剂可同时溶解聚二茂铁硅烷(PFS)和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA),如甲苯、苯、氯仿、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、二苯醚和四氢呋喃等,按体积比,接枝单体∶溶剂为1.0~2.0∶1.0;接枝单体和溶剂均为质量浓度为100%的工业级试剂(经精制步骤处理)。
3.提纯干燥
将上述聚合溶液进行离心分离(3600r/min,10min),移走橙黄色上层清液,固体用THF洗涤2次,将合并溶液滴入磁力搅拌下的正己烷中,立刻析出固体,过滤得到的聚合物在55℃下干燥24h至恒重,再用THF溶解沉淀,重复上述过程2次;进一步柱分离,得到二茂铁质量含量为0.5~1.5%的聚二茂铁接枝聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PFS-g-PMMA)。
参见附图1,它是本实施例制备的聚合物(PFS-g-PMMA)的1H核磁共振图谱(400MHz,CDCl3,ppm),图中,化学位移δ=4.33~4.24(k),对应于-C5H4FeC5H4-;δ=3.76~3.45(h+i+j),对应于COOCH3;δ=2.48~1.45(e+f+g),对应于C-CH2-C和Si-CH2-C;δ=1.26~0.68(a+b+c+d),对应于Si-CH3和C-CH3。由此可见,通过本发明技术方案的实施,PMMA成功接枝到了聚二茂铁硅烷上。
Claims (5)
1.一种二茂铁基接枝聚合物,其特征在于:它以聚二茂铁甲基氯硅烷为引发剂,甲基丙烯酸甲酯为接枝单体,其化学结构式为:
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种二茂铁基接枝聚合物,其特征在于:聚合物中二茂铁质量分数为0.01~50.73%。
3.一种二茂铁基接枝聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于步骤包括:
A.在无水无氧氛围中,温度为40~90℃的条件下,接枝单体和聚合体系在溶剂中经原子转移自由基聚合反应,得到聚合物溶液;所述的接枝单体为甲基丙烯酸甲酯;所述的聚合体系包括大分子引发剂、催化剂和配位剂,大分子引发剂为聚二茂铁甲基氯硅烷;
B.对上述聚合物溶液进行纯化、干燥处理,得到二茂铁基接枝聚合物;
所述的催化剂为CuCl或CuBr;所述的配位剂为2,2’-联吡啶、N,N,N’,N”,N”五甲基二亚乙基三胺、2-吡啶甲醛缩正丙胺或双(二甲基氨基乙基)醚;按摩尔数比,催化剂∶配位剂为1.0~2.0∶1.0~3.0。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种二茂铁基接枝聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的溶剂为苯甲醚、甲苯、苯、氯仿、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、二苯醚或四氢呋喃。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种二茂铁基接枝聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于:按体积比,接枝单体∶溶剂为1.0~2.0∶1.0。
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