CN101602631B - Loose explosion proof ammonium nitrate for agricultural use containing water soluble antidetonant and preparation thereof - Google Patents
Loose explosion proof ammonium nitrate for agricultural use containing water soluble antidetonant and preparation thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101602631B CN101602631B CN2009101579504A CN200910157950A CN101602631B CN 101602631 B CN101602631 B CN 101602631B CN 2009101579504 A CN2009101579504 A CN 2009101579504A CN 200910157950 A CN200910157950 A CN 200910157950A CN 101602631 B CN101602631 B CN 101602631B
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Abstract
The invention provides a loose explosion proof ammonium nitrate for agricultural use, which is characterized by containing water soluble powdery antidetonant, and preparation thereof. The invention aims to solve the technological defects of antidetonants for ammonium nitrate modification developed in the prior art such as undesired water solubility in practical use, easy separator of ammonium nitrate from the mixture, easiness in blocking pelleting spray by the antidetonant, bad explosion prevention effect, hardening easiness during the product storage. The water soluble powdery antidetonant includes an explosion inhibitor, a flame retardant, a crystallization resistant, a heat resistant, and a penetration inhibitor. The explosion inhibitor and the ammonium nitrate liquor is added into a mixing groove in front of the pelleting spray at the same time and stirred uniformed, continuously pelleted by a rotation spray so that explosion proof granular ammonium nitrate which is loose, explosion resistant and unable to be recovered is obtained. The invention also can be used as an effective antidetonant modified from powdery crystal ammonium nitrate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of explosion proof ammonium nitrate for agricultural and preparation method thereof, belong to modification of ammonium nitrate, particularly a kind of explosion-proof ammonium nitrate that is applicable to preparation tool free-running property, anti-knocking property and irreducibility and preparation method thereof.This modification explosion-proof ammonium nitrate is made up of an ammonium nitrate and water-soluble detonation suppressor.
Background technology
An ammonium nitrate (AN) all has epochmaking effect on industrial and agricultural production and national defence; It is a kind of instant nitrogenousfertilizer, is again the important source material of preparation multicharge, very easily is processed into " native explosive " privately; Seriously bring unsafe factor to society; In order to stop to guarantee agricultural ammonium nitrate transportation safety and social stability with the private illegal activities of frying explosive of an ammonium nitrate from the source, Chinese Government issued No. 52 files of State Council in 2002; To an ammonium nitrate stringent regulations, forbid an ammonium nitrate is sold as agrochemical.Simultaneously,, allow modification of ammonium nitrate is handled, make it to lose explosive as agrochemical sale and use owing to the market requirement of some farm crop to nitrate fertilizer.
In order to solve the technical need of modification of ammonium nitrate or passivation; Since the sixties in 20th century; The countries in the world scientific and technical personnel have carried out a large amount of research work to modification of ammonium nitrate: at first every Western Europe country succeeds in developing calcium ammonium nitrate improving the breed as an ammonium nitrate; But owing to reasons such as production technology and production units, this method of modifying is not applied; Then USP 3366468 is reported in and adds 10% above ammonium hydrogen phosphate (MAP) in an ammonium nitrate or primary ammonium phosphate (DAP) is made fire retardant, and reduces an ammonium nitrate nitrogen content in agricultural fertilizer, thereby the explosivity of reduction ammonium nitrate fertilizer; During 2002～2003, Chinese patent 02156254.7,03117530.9, report has been developed various detonation suppressors, adopts and USP 366468 similar techniques approach, promptly adopts physics blending MAP and inertia breeze to come passivation an ammonium nitrate; Subsequently, Chinese Northcentral University comes passivation an ammonium nitrate with single component material such as magnesium basic carbonates, has improved forefathers' explosion-proof effect.But above-mentioned so far various detonation suppressor research is explored, and does not all obtain industrialness and produces in batches and use.Have mainly that detonation suppressor adds that consumption is big, detonation suppressor water-soluble bad, an ammonium nitrate is prone to from mixture, separate, produce in technological deficiencies such as detonation suppressor was prone to stop up prilling spry, explosion-proof effect is poor, goods are prone to harden in storage period.Face the anti-terrorism and the domestic multiple fertile market requirement, further study the passivating technique and effective detonation suppressor of an ammonium nitrate, become technical barrier anxious to be solved.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned existing disadvantages of background technology; Design a kind of preparation method that the preparation explosion proof ammonium nitrate for agricultural is provided; And must design abundant, with low cost, the water-soluble powdery detonation suppressor of a kind of raw material sources; This detonation suppressor can be in granulation an ammonium nitrate or ammonium nitrate crystals production process be used as effective passivator, makes the explosion-proof ammonium nitrate that good free-running property was arranged in tool anti-knocking property, unreducible and storage period.
The present invention design: in the explosion-proof ammonium nitrate of design is formed, be added into a constituent element performance complement, can overcome the polynary composite anti-explosion agent system of above-mentioned background technical deficiency.Being intended to make concentration is in 98.5%～99.0% the molten state an ammonium nitrate and the tempering tank of detonation suppressor before prilling spry, through melt compounding, shower nozzle granulation, to obtain the ammonium nitrate granulin molecule model of a kind of even mixed crystal and dense structure.For this reason, this explosion-proof ammonium nitrate passivator must become agent, fire retardant, heat-resistant agent, impermeable dose and Explosion suppressant is formed by anti-brilliant." heat absorption-filling " insensitiveness that fire retardant in the composition is based in the HOT SPOT INITIATION OF EXPLOSIVES mechanism is theoretical, and main rising stops igniting, and the effect that stops focus to generate and transmit, and reduces the ignition rate of ammonium nitrate-fuel oil system; The effect of heat-resistant agent is thermotolerance and the heat decomposition temperature that improves detonation suppressor, guarantees the security of production use; Impermeable dose is the explosion-proof coating that is prone to generate barrier film with an ammonium nitrate; Its action principle is: in producing the granulating of ammonium nitrate, drying process, this impermeable dose can bond and be wrapped in the ammonium nitrate particle surface, forms protectiveness impermeabilisation film; Effectively combustible agent diesel oil is separated with the oxygenant ammonium nitrate particle; Reduce diesel oil level of interpenetration in an ammonium nitrate, thereby, intercepted the generation of blast from having stoped the source that produces blast by redox reaction in essence; The wherein anti-brilliant design that becomes agent and Explosion suppressant is the most key: ammonium ion similar AS on structure and profile has been adopted in group and an ammonium nitrate molecule in anti-brilliant change agent; This group is attached on an ammonium nitrate molecule interface; Play the irreversible change of control an ammonium nitrate crystalline form and the effect of slow variation; With the maintenance goods stable crystalline form is arranged, thereby goods of the present invention keep good free-running property in storage period, being difficult for adhesion, non-sclerous, difficult brilliant the change; The Explosion suppressant of most critical; Forming physics mixed crystal double salt structure more than 90 ℃ with an ammonium nitrate; Granule strength, hardness and the density of an ammonium nitrate have been improved; Thereby stop the propagation of detonation wave in ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture, and hinder the Kettenreaktion of detonation process, the blast that has caused is suppressed at once and decays or extinguish.
According to above-mentioned design: the polynary composite powder detonation suppressor system of a constituent element performance complement of design; Fire retardant is selected the organic or inorganic functionalization fire retardant material of high specific heat, difficult to burn for use, and this type material is: halowax, clorafin, ammonium chloride, white lake, Marinco H, decabromodiphynly oxide, inorganic phosphate, hexabromocyclododecane, triphenylphosphate, organonitrogen heterocyclic compound cyanogen etc.; Heat-resistant agent is selected the high organic diffusant of heat decomposition temperature for use, generally adopts the sulphonate of Nai Gaore, band naphthalene nucleus; The impermeable dose of anti-hydrocarbon material that must adopt the natural or synthetic polymer of lower molecular weight water-soluble, that be insoluble to hydrocarbons, this type material is: agar, gelatin, Z 150PH, treated starch, polyvinyl butyral acetal, chitosan, sodium hydroxyethlcellulose, polyethers, poly carboxylic acid fat etc.; Anti-brilliant change agent employing polar functionalities-COOH,--SO
4H ,-SO
3H ,-PO
4The plane configuration AS of H; Explosion suppressant adopts and generates the mineral sulfates that heat is big, lattice energy is big, soluble in water, inexpensive, and this type material is vitriolate of tartar, sodium sulfate, zinc sulfate, sal epsom, ammonium sulfate, Tai-Ace S 150 etc.
Explosion proof ammonium nitrate for agricultural of the present invention, its component by quality % is:
An ammonium nitrate 95.0～98.0
Detonation suppressor 2～5
Wherein composite anti-explosion agent component by quality % is:
50～90 Explosion suppressants: Tai-Ace S 150 or sodium sulfate or ammonium sulfate or vitriolate of tartar
3～20 fire retardants: potassium primary phosphate or white lake or cyanuric acid or decabromodiphynly oxide
3～10 anti-brilliant agent that become: sodium lignosulfonate or Sodium Lauryl Sulphate BP/USP or sodium metnylene bis-naphthalene sulfonate or butylbenzene-sodium sulfonate
2～10 heat-resistant agents: methylene radical benzyl naphthalene sodium sulfonate or dispersing agent MF or dispersion agent S or benzyl naphthalene sulfonic formaldehyde condensation compound
2～10 impermeable doses: polyvinyl butyral acetal or treated starch or agar or Z 150PH
The best of explosion proof ammonium nitrate for agricultural of the present invention is formed:
97 an ammonium nitrate
3 detonation suppressors
Wherein the composite anti-explosion agent by quality % is best the composition:
75 Explosion suppressants: Tai-Ace S 150;
10 fire retardants: potassium primary phosphate;
The 5 anti-brilliant agent that become: sodium lignosulfonate;
5 heat-resistant agents: methylene radical benzyl naphthalene sodium sulfonate;
5 impermeable doses: polyvinyl butyral acetal.
The preparation method of explosion-proof ammonium nitrate of the present invention design: the production technique and the equipment that adopt the shower nozzle granulation of present an ammonium nitrate factory; The continuous granulation of rotary nozzle water-soluble powdery detonation suppressor and molten state ammonium nitrate mother liquor added in the tempering tank before the prilling spry synchronously puddles evenly, after can make the explosion-proof ammonium nitrate of tool free-running property, anti-knocking property and irreducibility.
According to above-mentioned design; Embodiment of the present invention and the explosion-proof ammonium nitrate preparation method and the step that design are: at first the powdery detonation suppressor of metering and metering molten state ammonium nitrate mother liquor are added in the tempering tank before the prilling spry synchronously; It is 2%～5% of an ammonium nitrate quality that detonation suppressor adds concentration; Molten state ammonium nitrate mother liquor concentration is 98.5%～99.0% in the tempering tank, and generally at 168 ℃-173 ℃, the separator vacuum degree control is 0.075MPa-0.085MPa to temperature in the tempering tank; After mixing about 4-6min; With the 10t/h-12t/h flow, make explosion-proof ammonium nitrate through the continuous granulation of rotary nozzle, goods get into quantitative package machine through feed belt and pack and put in storage the stacking storage.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
The passivation antiknock that multinomial passivating technique-flame-retarded technology, anti-brilliant change technology, the multiple insensitiveness technology of bag and eutectic technological synthesis is used for an ammonium nitrate of 1 the present invention success, thereby the present invention makes the serial powder type explosive of ammonium oil lose blast performance fully effectively, reliably.
2 groups of in one's duty pulverulent water-soluble detonation suppressors, detonation suppressor is prone to stop up the prilling spry phenomenon in not only having avoided producing, and the present invention is difficult for from mixture, separating, and promptly has an irreducibility;
3 groups of in one's duty anti-brilliant agent that become were stored the explosion-proof ammonium nitrate goods that made by the present invention six months, did not lump, and non-sclerous, its shatter value is more than 95%.
Detonation suppressor consumption among 4 the present invention adds consumption than forefathers and lacks, and but effect is obvious, produces safe and convenient to usely, and low production cost is easy to promote.
Embodiment
Embodiment
1 presses following optimum formula (quality %) implements:
97 an ammonium nitrate
3 detonation suppressors
Wherein the composite anti-explosion agent is implemented by following best form (quality %):
75 Explosion suppressants: Tai-Ace S 150
10 fire retardants: potassium primary phosphate
The 5 anti-brilliant agent that become: sodium lignosulfonate
5 heat-resistant agents: methylene radical benzyl naphthalene sodium sulfonate
5 impermeable doses: polyvinyl butyral acetal
1.1 the preparation of detonation suppressor: at first 5kg methylene radical benzyl naphthalene sodium sulfonate is dried by the fire 4h in 90-100 ℃ baking oven, and 10kg potassium primary phosphate and 75kg Tai-Ace S 150 are pulverized in rotating speed is the ball mill of 40r/min respectively, fineness needed more than the 425 μ m80%; Handle qualified raw materials with above-mentioned three kinds then and add together in the stirrer of double-layer spiral structure with 5kg sodium lignosulfonate and 5kg polyvinyl butyral acetal, puddle 30～40min after, product is promptly processed in discharging.
1.2 preparation of the present invention: at first in the tempering tank of high tower pellatizer production ammonium nitrate production line; (mother liquid concentration is 98.5%～99.0% to inject metering molten state ammonium nitrate mother liquor; Temperature is generally at 168 ℃-173 ℃ in the tempering tank), in tempering tank, add the powdery detonation suppressor that measures through reinforced belt, the separator vacuum degree control is 0.075MPa-0.085MPa; After mixing about 4-6min; Open tempering tank and all fall to drench,, make the granular explosion-proof ammonium nitrate of the about 1～2mm of diameter through the continuous granulation of rotary nozzle with 10t/h--12t/h granulation flow.
The explosion-proof granulation an ammonium nitrate of the free-running property of the present invention of utilizing above-mentioned preparation method to make; Outward appearance is pure white, and free-running property is good, and the product appearance physical condition is constant after detection is stored six months; Shatter value is 96.5%, contrasts referring to 1 with the goods shatter value that does not contain detonation suppressor of the present invention.
Table 1 goods shatter value in storage period
2 press following composition (quality %) implements:
95 an ammonium nitrate
5 detonation suppressors
Wherein the composite anti-explosion agent is implemented by following form (quality %):
90 Explosion suppressants: sodium sulfate
3 fire retardants: white lake
The 3 anti-brilliant agent that become: Sodium Lauryl Sulphate BP/USP
2 heat-resistant agents: dispersing agent MF
2 impermeable doses: treated starch
The present invention makes with reference to embodiment 1.
Utilize the present invention; Be applied to the manufacturing of No. 2 ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixtures: utilize the explosion-proof ammonium nitrate of free-running property of the present invention, after ball mill is pulverized, be heated to 70 ℃; Oxygenant as No. 2 ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixtures; With combustible agent diesel oil, the wood powder of metering, in ball grinder or on the continuous flow tube method production line, heat is mixed and is processed uniform No. 2 ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixtures.According to Chinese industry standard " WJ9050--2006 agricultural ammonium nitrate capability of antidetonance TP and judgement ", the capability of antidetonance of this ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture is detected.
By the check of following regulation condition for surveys and method contain goods of the present invention the capability of antidetonance: with the ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture sample for preparing, be 0.85～0.90g/cm according to packing density
3Scope, the diameter of packing into is that 80mm, pipe range are in the irony sample hose of 160mm, processes powder stick, an end seals with kraft liner, the other end is uncovered; After the general steel plate base is placed the level ground, support is placed on the base, the thicker witness plate of carbon structure steel 1mm is lain on the support, is placed on witness plate central authorities to powder stick, uses blasting cap initiation.Criterion regulation: three verification experimental verification plates all do not puncture or tear, and then the capability of antidetonance is qualified.The capability of antidetonance of this ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture is carried out detected result, referring to table 2.
Table 2 capability of antidetonance detected result
Visible from table 2: No. 2 ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixtures by the present invention processes reach capability of antidetonance requirement.
3 press following composition (quality %) implements:
98 an ammonium nitrate
2 detonation suppressors
Wherein the composite anti-explosion agent is implemented by following form (quality %):
50 Explosion suppressants: ammonium sulfate
20 fire retardants: cyanuric acid
The 10 anti-brilliant agent that become: sodium metnylene bis-naphthalene sulfonate
10 heat-resistant agents: dispersion agent S
10 impermeable doses: agar
Manufacturing of the present invention is with reference to embodiment 1.
Adopt Q600 type differential scanning calorimetric--thermogravimetric analysis linkage analysis (DSC--TGA method), studied the kinetics of thermal decomposition of goods of the present invention, the heat decomposition temperature detected result is referring to table 3.
Table 3 DSC--TGA test-results
Visible from table 3: it is hot that goods of the present invention have an anti-height than forefathers goods, and so the technological temperature (168～173 ℃) during the initial heat decomposition temperature of goods of the present invention high production granulation an ammonium nitrate far away particularly is production use safety.
4 press following composition (quality %) implements:
96 an ammonium nitrate
4 detonation suppressors
Wherein the composite anti-explosion agent is implemented by following form (quality %):
65 Explosion suppressants: vitriolate of tartar
15 fire retardants: decabromodiphynly oxide
The 8 anti-brilliant agent that become: butylbenzene-sodium sulfonate
6 heat-resistant agents: benzyl naphthalene sulfonic formaldehyde condensation compound
6 impermeable doses: Z 150PH
The preparation of detonation suppressor is with reference to embodiment 1 among the present invention.
Utilize the present invention form in water-soluble powdery detonation suppressor; Be applied to the manufacturing of the explosion-proof ammonium nitrate crystals of free-running property: the negative pressure inhaled concentration is 90%～92% the about 400Kg of ammonium nitrate mother liquor in crystallizer, adds metering 1.6Kg powdery detonation suppressor simultaneously, under agitation is warming up to 120 ℃; Heat of stirring mixes about 2～3min in machine; Rapid vacuumizing should reach more than vacuum tightness >=0.07MPa vacuum-drying 5～6min in 1min; Back vacuum breaker, under agitation discharging; Goods are carried through belt, and through the helical feed refrigerating unit, through material turning and heat exchange heat radiation, goods can make loose explosion-proof ammonium nitrate crystals in packing below 70 ℃.
The explosion-proof crystallization ammonium nitrate of the free-running property of utilizing above-mentioned method of manufacture to process, outward appearance is pure white, and free-running property is good; Storing six months shatter values is 95.6%; And do not add the common ammonium nitrate crystals of powdery detonation suppressor among the present invention, be commonly called as into " plate nitre ", storing six months goods shatter values is 20%.
Equally; Utilize that the powdery detonation suppressor makes loose explosion-proof ammonium nitrate crystals among the present invention; With reference to embodiment 2 and 3 technologies and testing method, detected result shows: the capability of antidetonance of the ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture that is made by the explosion-proof knot an ammonium nitrate of free-running property meets industry standard " WJ9050-2006 " requirement.
Claims (2)
1. one kind loses volatile free-running property explosion proof ammonium nitrate for agricultural fully and is made up of ammonium nitrate and composite anti-explosion agent; It is characterized in that: directly be employed in concentration on the granulation ammonium nitrate production line and be in 98.5%～99.0% the molten state ammonium nitrate mother liquor; Add metering pulverulent water-soluble detonation suppressor heat be mixed even after, in the tempering tank temperature of reaction at 168 ℃-173 ℃, reaction times 4-6min; Make the granular explosion-proof ammonium nitrate of free-running property through the continuous granulation of rotary nozzle, its component by quality % is:
An ammonium nitrate 95.0～98.0
Detonation suppressor 2～5
Wherein the component of composite anti-explosion agent by quality % is:
50～90 Explosion suppressants: Tai-Ace S 150 or sodium sulfate or ammonium sulfate or vitriolate of tartar
3～20 fire retardants: potassium primary phosphate or white lake or cyanuric acid or decabromodiphynly oxide
3～10 anti-brilliant agent that become: sodium lignosulfonate or Sodium Lauryl Sulphate BP/USP or sodium metnylene bis-naphthalene sulfonate or butylbenzene-sodium sulfonate
2～10 heat-resistant agents: methylene radical benzyl naphthalene sodium sulfonate or dispersing agent MF or dispersion agent S or benzyl naphthalene sulfonic formaldehyde condensation compound
2～10 impermeable doses: polyvinyl butyral acetal or treated starch or agar or Z 150PH.
2. free-running property explosion proof ammonium nitrate for agricultural according to claim 1 is characterized in that its component by quality % is:
97 an ammonium nitrate
3 detonation suppressors
Wherein the component of composite anti-explosion agent by quality % is:
75 Explosion suppressants: Tai-Ace S 150;
10 fire retardants: potassium primary phosphate;
The 5 anti-brilliant agent that become: sodium lignosulfonate;
5 heat-resistant agents: methylene radical benzyl naphthalene sodium sulfonate;
5 impermeable doses: polyvinyl butyral acetal.
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102557761A (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2012-07-11 | 山西同德化工股份有限公司 | Inorganic explosion-proof agent and agricultural explosion-proof ammonium nitrate prepared by inorganic explosion-proof agent |
| CN102875267B (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2016-06-15 | 石家庄成功机电有限公司 | Blasting agent mixing vehicle, powdered ammonium nitrate-fuel oil explosive and preparation method thereof for blasting agent mixing vehicle |
| BR112016010573B1 (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2021-12-21 | Alcoa Usa Corp | COMPOSITIONS OF FERTILIZERS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING AND USING THEM |
| CN104446988B (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2017-05-31 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of Special foliage fertilizer for wheat using retired disability single-base powder and preparation method thereof |
| CN104788174A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-07-22 | 殷海权 | High-strength and high-stability agricultural anti-explosive ammonium nitrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN105622252A (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2016-06-01 | 成都市新都化工股份有限公司 | Phosphorus nitrate compound fertilizer containing explosion-proof agent and preparation method for compound fertilizer |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1233607A (en) * | 1999-03-25 | 1999-11-03 | 蔡剑斌 | Loosening agent for ammonium nitrate with high stability and high thermal stability |
| CN1373110A (en) * | 2002-04-08 | 2002-10-09 | 殷海权 | Process for preparing loose ammonium nitrate crystals using anti-hardening agent |
| CN1374279A (en) * | 2002-04-08 | 2002-10-16 | 殷海权 | Improved ammonium nitrate loosening agent |
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2009
- 2009-07-20 CN CN2009101579504A patent/CN101602631B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1233607A (en) * | 1999-03-25 | 1999-11-03 | 蔡剑斌 | Loosening agent for ammonium nitrate with high stability and high thermal stability |
| CN1373110A (en) * | 2002-04-08 | 2002-10-09 | 殷海权 | Process for preparing loose ammonium nitrate crystals using anti-hardening agent |
| CN1374279A (en) * | 2002-04-08 | 2002-10-16 | 殷海权 | Improved ammonium nitrate loosening agent |
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Effective date of registration: 20190415 Address after: 710000 Unit 401, Unit 3, 29/F, No. 5, East Zhangba Road, Yanta District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province Co-patentee after: Anhui Haixiang New Material Technology Co., Ltd. Patentee after: Yin Haiquan Address before: 710065 Unit 401, Unit 3, Building 29, 83 Zhangba East Road, Yanta District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province Patentee before: Yin Haiquan |