CN101600770B - 涂料体系 - Google Patents

涂料体系 Download PDF

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CN101600770B
CN101600770B CN200780049180.0A CN200780049180A CN101600770B CN 101600770 B CN101600770 B CN 101600770B CN 200780049180 A CN200780049180 A CN 200780049180A CN 101600770 B CN101600770 B CN 101600770B
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medical facilities
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coating
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史蒂文·J·费里
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Abstract

本发明的实施方案包括一种体系,所述体系包含:乙酰氧基可固化聚硅氧烷粘合剂;和与所述聚硅氧烷粘合剂共混的活性剂,所述活性剂对于射线不透性、润滑性、次生化合物如药物的洗脱、发生回波性质、热或电绝缘性质或化学指示中的一种或更多种来说是有效的,其中所述聚硅氧烷粘合剂的效用不因所述活性剂而实质上改变。

Description

涂料体系
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2006年11月21日提交的美国临时申请60/866,762的优先权。该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文。
1.发明领域
本文中所述的本发明主题涉及一种用来为医疗设备表面或其部分提供多种所希望性能特征的涂料体系,所述涂料体系包括但不限于提供射线不透性、润滑性、次生化合物(secondary compound)(如药物)洗脱、发生回波性质、热或电绝缘性质或化学指示的材料。
本发明主题采用粘合剂材料、一种或更多种稀释所述粘合剂的溶剂(如果需要的话)以及可随后施加到各种医疗设备表面上以提供具有所希望性能特征的新型涂层而不影响设备性能的一种或更多种活性剂。
2.发明背景
使气囊导管不透射线的一些方法已见描述,其中气囊具有夹在两个其他聚合物层间的不透光层。此外已尝试了以改进生物相容性为意图的不透射线的导管气囊内腔涂布。此外已尝试了将遮光剂直接复配进基料中或通过化学方式改变聚合物以将不透射线的部分纳入到分子中的一些方法。复配的一个问题是基料的物理特性时常因为获得适当的射线不透性所需的遮光剂的量而改变。另一现有技术方法包括向设备如导管上装配贵金属带以在荧光透视下识别导管轴上的某些位置。
3.发明内容
虽然本文中公开了本发明的详细实施方案,但应理解所公开的实施方案仅是本发明的示例,本发明可以多种及替代的形式实施。本文中所公开的具体结构和功能细节不应理解为限制性的而仅是作为教授本领域技术人员以不同方式采用这些体系实施方案的基础。
对于材料,包括但不限于聚合物和任选的组分,本文中以商品名提及。发明人在这里无意受限于以某些商品名描述和提及的材料。等价材料(例如从不同的来源以不同于以商品名提及的那些的名称或目录(参考)号获得的那些)可替代并用于本文所描述和要求保护的方法中。除非另外指出,否则所有百分数和比率均以重量计算。除非另外指出,否则所有百分数均基于全部组合物计算。所有组分或组合物浓度均指该组分或组合物的活性水平而不包括可商购来源中可能存在的杂质如残留溶剂或副产物。
本文中所述发明主题采用含有以特定重量%配制的适宜遮光剂的粘合剂和溶剂(如果需要稀释的话)来以一个或更多个涂层施加到设备表面直至设备获得所希望的荧光不透性。本发明的实施方案的遮光涂料可通过喷涂、溅射、浸渍、刷涂或其他措施施加到所希望的设备表面上。此外,对于一些实施方案,所述粘合剂/遮光剂可施加到热收缩管上,然后所述热收缩管可针对导管轴定尺切割和变小,从而提供一种与使用具有同等射线不透性的贵金属标记带相比成本较低的替代方案。
润滑涂层:
润滑涂层包括来自聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVA)、醋酸纤维素、聚对二甲苯(Paraylene)等家族的膜。所有这些材料均为涂布亲水表面的材料(就聚对二甲苯而言,是疏水的),用在导管轴、导丝轴和气囊上从而为所述设备提供在通过血管内时的润滑性。这些涂布仅需要单一步骤或两步工艺:在金属表面上施加基料以接纳外涂层或润滑涂层。这些涂层通常是生物相容性的。但有既可提供润滑性又可提供生物相容性的疏水材料。
本发明的实施方案允许将如上所述的润滑材料直接配入粘合剂中,然后所述粘合剂可通过喷涂、溅射、浸渍、刷涂或其他措施施加到所希望的设备表面上。
洗脱剂:
关于出于功能或治疗原因从医疗设备表面洗脱一种或更多种试剂,现有技术中已做了大量工作。大多数这些试剂结合在亲水涂层内;例如药物或生物活性剂。亲水涂层的缺陷在于衰变速率快。现有技术中有若干用洗脱剂浸渍聚合物材料的参考文献,这些参考文献采用溶剂和洗脱剂,这些溶剂和洗脱剂溶胀材料并基于浓度梯度流进聚合物中但不影响基材的分子键。一旦所述材料被所希望的试剂浸渍,就让设备中的溶剂挥发,其中洗脱剂被截留在医疗设备的基体内并将保持静止直至在身体内水解并取决于基料以不同的速率洗脱。
本发明的实施方案允许将所述洗脱剂直接混入粘合剂中,这样,粘合剂固化时,由于固化粘合剂的机械和物理性质,洗脱剂以较慢的更受控的速率洗脱。该应用的实例包括可能与抗生素联合抑制细菌生长的治疗设备上的或单独的抗生素的指示。一个这样的实例是Foley导管上的抗生素涂层。其他实例包括但不限于涂布了药物的PIC导管、骨科用固定螺钉、分流器和通过向粘合剂体系内引入生物活性材料或织构化材料来修复撕裂或内动脉病的网。
发生回波性质:
超声是广为接受的诊断方法,用来评价软组织器官、观察胎儿发育及将图像重建为3D显示模型。与用较低能量的X-射线辐射来生成图像的荧光透视不同,超声采用不同波长的声波且图像基于从靶区域返回的回声来重建。是组织密度的差异使得超声能够基于返回的回声信号创建图像。现有技术提及了若干发生回波的涂层的实例,发生回波的涂层是当施加时使得涂布表面能够被看到的涂层。在本文所述的一个实施方案中,所用发生回波的涂层通过在氨酯涂层中产生气袋以达到密度差异而形成,由此产生图像。该方法的一个问题是缺乏耐久性和适形性。此外,置放所述涂层的方法繁重且局限于金属螺钉。
本发明的实施方案采用含直径5μ-50μ的陶瓷球并含夹带的空气的粘合剂。正是陶瓷球与空气间的密度差异使得回声能够以产生图像的方式返回收集器。
热和电绝缘:
关于医疗设备的有关可提供电和热绝缘性质的涂层的信息较少。现有技术中已提及用陶瓷沉积来涂布需要绝缘的金属表面,然而陶瓷材料是不适形的并可能碎裂而损害电或热绝缘性质。此外,当采用电子束或气相沉积法来向设备表面施加陶瓷涂层时,基材表面的清洁度对于适当的绝缘粘合来说至关重要。
本发明的实施方案通过使用所述粘合剂材料来使所希望的材料基材的绝缘变得容易得多并基于其物理性质确保了当通过所提及的方法中的一种施加时适当的电或热绝缘性。此外,固化的粘合剂材料是适形的而仍良好地粘附于基材上。
化学指示剂:
化学指示剂用来识别微生物或化学副产物的存在,其因pH的改变或其他化学变化而发生独特的变色。指示剂提供有关特定分子的存在、酸性、试剂、抗原、抗体等的数据。这类指示剂主要引入到基材中而不是涂布的结果。现有技术中关于使用指示剂来识别医疗设备(例如但不限于PIC导管、结肠造瘘管、导引器等)表面上各种形式细菌的存在的信息有限。
本发明的实施方案通过组合适宜的指示剂与所需重量%的粘合剂并使用适宜的溶剂稀释所述制剂以便应用而解决了该需要。此外,所述化学指示剂可被整合在如上所述粘合剂内并涂布到适宜的基材上以置于鲜肉如牛肉、禽肉、瘦肉和鱼肉的切开或未切开部分内。如果有细菌存在,则包装指示剂将变色,从而识别细菌菌落,然后可以在接触消费者之前培养、识别和处理这些细菌菌落。
所述化学指示剂也可用来筛选食品中发现或传播的多种相当致命的疾病。此外可在到达消费者市场前监测各类食品细菌污染的发生。
4.发明概要
本发明的实施方案涉及一种多用途体系,其中可将所述活性剂引入到基础粘合剂中并取决于设备的几何形状而通过包括但不限于浸渍、喷涂、腔室内成雾、刷涂等的方法施加。
此外,粘合剂的固化机制可包括但不限于U.V.&RTV可固化材料、热、化学和室温固化。
本发明的实施方案内使用的粘合剂材料:
在一个实施方案中,所述粘合剂材料包括以1%到65%的重量百分数在适宜溶剂内增溶的室温硫化(RTV)聚硅氧烷弹性体,其通过从大气中提取水份而固化,其中,所述聚合物利用来自水分子的氢氧根(OH-)引发和完成硅烷单体的交联。关于固化机制的实例,参见下图1和2。
图1
图2
固化机制包括其中的链随同共聚物一起含二甲基硅氧烷的乙酰氧基体系。参见上图1。二甲基硅烷链上所含的共聚物包含甲基二乙酰氧基甲硅烷基。固化通过使弹性体暴露于空气而实现。来自空气中的水份的水粒或氢氧根(OH-)反应形成乙酰氧配体,该配体再形成由乙酸和羟基配体组成的自由基。
正是这些乙酰氧基配体与其他支链上的其他乙酰氧基配体反应而在聚合物链间形成Si-O-Si交联并释放出乙酸。可加入催化剂以加速该过程而不影响最终结果。参见上图2。
在一个示意本发明一个实施方案的效用的实例中,导管可配备以适形的可膨胀气囊。使用本发明的一个实施方案,气囊的外部可涂覆以适形的射线不透试剂,其中所述射线不透试剂可为碳酸氢铋、硫酸钡、钨、钽、碘化物、硼酸盐或其他这类射线不透试剂。在一个实施方案中,导管气囊被涂覆以包含(W)的射线不透试剂或与粘合剂组合的钨射线不透试剂,其中所述粘合剂为聚硅氧烷分散体。与射线不透试剂组合时,所用粘合剂材料如聚二甲基硅氧烷可分散在适宜的溶剂如脂族烃、乙酸丁酯、乙酸乙酯或THF中,所有这些均能增溶选自多种材料如聚硅氧烷、氨酯、腈、酰胺及其他聚合物材料的弹性体和聚合物粘合剂,它们可分散在溶剂内而用作粘合剂。当与射线不透试剂复配时,这些材料可用来涂布医疗设备以获得射线不透性。本实例中所提及的材料不是专限于所述设计而是也可适用于其演变。
引用另一实例,所述(乙酰氧基可固化聚硅氧烷粘合剂材料)含聚二甲基硅氧烷,其中组合了大致范围在1重量%到60重量%的不透射线的或其他所希望的试剂。活性剂悬浮在聚二甲基硅氧烷内,随后经稀释以便应用并通过不限于浸渍、刷涂和喷涂或其它这类方法的方法施加到导丝头、导管头、热收缩管等上。涂层可施加一次或多次以获得所希望的性能特征。此外,基于所希望的特征,涂层可施加到医疗设备整体或部分上。部分医疗设备表面可被掩蔽以选择性地涂布设备表面。此外,可向将包封所希望的试剂并有助于生物相容性的表面上施加含粘合剂如聚二甲基硅氧烷而不含一种或更多种活性成分的密封剂。该外涂层可由除了所希望的用以获得适当的溶剂/填料重量%比率的溶剂外不含任何活性成分的粘合剂材料组成。
本文中所公开的涂料体系一旦固化便是适形的且能满足特定设备的机械要求。也可采用表面底漆来预处理气囊或其他设备表面以接纳粘合剂材料和适宜的组分。这类底漆可来自丙烯酸酯、氨酯、水解质和酰胺等家族。
除本实施方案的不透射线能力外,也可向一种或更多种粘合剂材料中加入额外的功能材料从而为医疗设备提供其他所希望的特征如润滑性、所希望化合物如药物的洗脱、或者化学指示剂(以检测有机物如细菌)、生物活性剂、或热或电绝缘体的用途。
举例来说:本发明的实施方案的多用性可至少实现永久增强的设备,所述设备在保留其预期的物理特征外还有有用的增强,例如利用化学指示剂检测经皮置入并留置一段时间的各种医疗设备表面上不希望有的微生物。
在该实例中,革兰氏阳性染色剂可与粘合剂配制形成涂料,所述涂料在细菌如葡萄球菌、链球菌、梭状芽孢杆菌、芽孢杆菌和李斯特氏菌的存在下将从透明变为紫色,从而表明与革兰氏染色剂起反应的细菌菌落的存在。发生所述变色时可将设备从患者身上移除而放置新的设备。
活性剂:
在本发明的实施方案内,加到粘合剂中的活性剂提供医疗设备上待获得的独特特征。实例包括但不限于射线不透性、润滑性、发生回波性、绝缘性、治疗性涂层、颜料、化学指示剂和生物活性剂。所述活性剂以一定的重量%配制到粘合剂中并在粘合剂固化后机械悬浮在粘合剂基体内。通过设计,使得粘合剂与活性剂之间没有化学相互作用发生,因为化学地改变活性剂会削弱其性能。一旦粘合剂固化,加到粘合剂中的活性剂就被包封在粘合剂基体内,除非活性剂可与水混溶,在这种情况下,多孔的粘合剂将允许活性剂缓慢洗脱。洗脱速度取决于负载在粘合剂中的活性剂的浓度或重量%,该浓度或重量%决定着充填周围流体的间隙与设备涂层自身间的浓度梯度。
其他实施方案:
如本文中所述的基础粘合剂和活性成分可施加到多种医疗级材料上以产生为多种医疗设备提供独特性能的强大低成本途径。举例来说,大多数当前的标记带由昂贵的贵金属如铂、金制成。这些金属在荧光透视下提供优异的识别,但大大提高设备成本。本发明的实施方案通过向粘合剂中组合遮光剂以提供荧光透视下的适当可视化而使得使用者能够以较低的成本并以相当的清晰度享受不透射线的好处。
在另一实施方案中,所述涂料利用包埋在粘合剂内的充气微球以提供能使医疗设备在超声下可视的涂层。密封充气微球的原因在于增强从涂布设备向3D超声系统中所用多个换能器的回声。此外,对于诊断仪器如MRI或CT扫描仪中的应用,可在粘合剂内使用非铁材料代替含铁材料来涂布气囊或其他设备。相反,本文件内较早公开的粘合剂体系内可使用由含铁材料组成的磁性材料包括基础磁性材料到更特殊的稀土磁性材料如“钕铁硼”等。
由于本文中公开的发明可以通过其他特定形式实施而不偏离其精神或一般特征(已指出了其中的一些形式),因此本文中所述的实施方案在各个方面均应理解为示意性的而非限制性的。本发明的范围由附随的权利要求书而不是前面的描述指出,且在所述权利要求书的等价物含义和范围内的所有改变均涵盖其中。

Claims (9)

1.一种医疗设备,所述医疗设备包含:
可与医疗设备或其部件的表面粘合的无溶剂的乙酰氧基可固化聚硅氧烷粘合剂,所述乙酰氧基可固化聚硅氧烷粘合剂在固化过程中包括:
遮光剂;和
与所述聚硅氧烷粘合剂共混的活性剂,所述活性剂对于射线不透性、润滑性、次生化合物的洗脱、发生回波性质、热或电绝缘性质或化学指示中的一种或更多种而言是有效的,其中所述聚硅氧烷粘合剂的效用不因所述活性剂而实质上改变。
2.权利要求1的医疗设备,其中所述次生化合物是药物。
3.权利要求1的医疗设备,其中所述活性剂选自聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚醋酸乙烯酯、醋酸纤维素和聚对二甲苯中的一种或更多种。
4.权利要求1的医疗设备,其中所述活性剂对于洗脱一种或更多种药物或生物活性剂或二者而言是有效的。
5.权利要求1的医疗设备,其中发生回波的活性剂包含直径为5微米到50微米的陶瓷球以及粘合剂限定的气穴。
6.权利要求1的医疗设备,其中所述活性剂为射线不透试剂。
7.权利要求6的医疗设备,其中所述射线不透试剂为碳酸氢铋、硫酸钡、钨、钽、碘化物和硼酸盐中的一种或更多种。
8.权利要求1的医疗设备,其中所述医疗设备还包含密封剂。
9.权利要求1的医疗设备,其中所述粘合剂可通过浸渍、喷涂、腔室中成雾或刷涂中的一种或更多种施加到医疗设备表面或医疗设备部件表面。
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