CN101597531B - Canadian goldenrod molding fuel processing method - Google Patents
Canadian goldenrod molding fuel processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101597531B CN101597531B CN 200910097923 CN200910097923A CN101597531B CN 101597531 B CN101597531 B CN 101597531B CN 200910097923 CN200910097923 CN 200910097923 CN 200910097923 A CN200910097923 A CN 200910097923A CN 101597531 B CN101597531 B CN 101597531B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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Abstract
The invention relates to a Canadian goldenrod molding fuel processing method, which is characterized in that the processing method comprises the following steps: (1) collection of raw material, Canadian goldenrod plants are harvested before the plants grow vigorously and buds appear; (2) sun drying of the raw material, the raw material is aired for one to two weeks so that the water content of the plants reaches 30 to 35%; (3) raw material crushing and storing, the raw material is crushed and then stored till the water content is below 22%; (4) hydro-forming, a hydraulic pressure extrusion molding device is adopted, the molding temperature is 150 to 180 DEG C; and the molding pressure is 15 to 18 Mpa; after being molded, the density of finished goods is larger than equal to 0.8g/cubic centimeter. Compared with the prior art, the processing method has the advantages that malignant weeds are processed and molded into clean environment friendly fuel energy which can replace part of conventional energy, and the processing method makes waste profitable; and the processing and molding method is simple, has easily available raw material, low cost and easy popularization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of biological plant molding fuel processing method, relate in particular to the working method of Canadian goldenrod molding fuel.
Background technology
Solidago canadesis (Solidago Canadensis L.), it is a kind of composite family per nnial herb that originates in the North America, begin to enter China the thirties in 20th century, this kind of plant has become the malignant weed that the most of domestic rapidly diffusion of China is propagated now.But as a kind of plant, if the biotic component of Herba Solidaginis and material composition can obtain timely development and application, then the plant of this overgrowing also is a kind of precious resources that can regenerate rapidly.
At present, Many researchers both domestic and external has utilized the whole bag of tricks to extract the chemical substances such as sesquiterpene, amino acid, alcohols from solidago canadesis, its biological property is studied, and has proposed various solutions for the growth of this kind of plant of control.Simultaneously, solidago canadesis is widely used at aspects such as refining essential oil, medical science pharmacy.
The straw of solidago canadesis is tall and big, can reach 3 meters, and the peasant cuts off it, directly lights a fire as a fuel.Yet, less as the flammable Research Literature of biology to solidago canadesis, also not specially for the report of the biological molding fuel processing method of solidago canadesis, trace it to its cause, mainly be that the cavernous body material is more in the solidago canadesis stem stalk, water ratio is high, be unfavorable for machine-shaping, and in addition, fruit is easy to diffusion after the harvesting.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the working method that a kind of Canadian goldenrod molding fuel is provided for the above-mentioned state of the art, and the method gained finished product is a kind of cleaning, free of contamination environment-friendly type fuel.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that adopts: a kind of working method of Canadian goldenrod molding fuel is characterized in that comprising the steps
1. raw material is collected, and is healthy and strong in plant strain growth, before bud occurs, and harvesting solidago canadesis plant;
2. raw material dries, and in 1～2 week of airing, makes Plant water content reach 30～35%;
3. raw material pulverizing and storage, to water ratio be below 22%;
4. shaped by fluid pressure adopts the hydraulic pressure extrusion equipment, and mold temperature is 150～180 ℃, forming pressure 15～18Mpa, and finished product density is more than or equal to 0.8 g/cc after the moulding.
The desirable harvesting time should be healthy and strong with plant strain growth, and bud is advisable before occurring, and the plant of this moment finalizes the design almost, and unlikely the continuation grows tall, and the cavernous body material in the stem is also less, and cellulosic is more.If gather in this moment, can contain effectively that not only it utilizes air-flow to propagate the approach of diffusion, and the time on the occasion of It is the end of summer, just turning into autumn, temperature is high and dry, is conducive to harvested seasoning.On the other hand, be convenient to the harvest time of solidago canadesis and the harvesting time of farm crop (rice, cotton) stalk are staggered this moment, also can be conducive to the balanced production of biomass molding fuel.
If adopt ripe plant, the plant exterior skin during harvesting has been withered yellow, and titbit bursts forth fully.We notice by harvesting process, and when gathering under this situation, because the fruit of plant fully matured, the process of harvesting and transportation will cause the further diffusion of fruits/plant, also is unfavorable for harvesting and broken simultaneously.
On the other hand, along with the maturation of plant, the cavernous body material in the solidago canadesis stem increases, and also is unfavorable for processing and moulding.
All there is the problem that requires to raw material particle size in the work flow of all biomass molding fuels, and the requirement of raw material particle size is also had important impact to the tooling cost of shaped fuel.Because the density of biomass material is lower, therefore, if collect raw material in the mode of whole (bundle) plant transportation, can greatly improve compiling costs.Simultaneously, the plant that is in the substantially dry state easily produces the fallouts such as withered leaf, bud when transportation, make troubles to Road transport.Therefore, we think that should adopt the rear pack of on the spot pulverizing or employing motor van to transport is advisable.According to the reality test, the traffic capacity after the pulverizing only is 1/6～1/8 of whole (bundle) plant mode of transport.
After the harvesting of the plant of solidago canadesis, if in physical environment, repeatedly drenched with rain for a long time and Exposure to Sunlight, can produce and go mouldy and partial decomposition, also can affect its burning quality after being processed into shaped fuel.Therefore should be with regard to timely crush storage after suitable state is arrived in airing, according to our test, raw material after in time storing still has good formability and combustioncharacteristics after having placed 8 months, otherwise, the raw material of placing in the open air through about 2 months exposing to the sun and rain after, be that processibility or combustibility all greatly descend.
In the technique of scale production, because raw material all can store for some time usually before forming process, therefore, when if the raw material after pulverizing contains higher moisture, in the process of piling up, produce easily problems such as generating heat and go mouldy, according to our experience, pile up the raw material that gets up to carry out Rainproof working, only otherwise drenched, its moisture can reduce gradually naturally.
Most of biomass molding fuels all require the water ratio of raw material below 18%, and the hydraulic molding technique of employing allows the water ratio of raw material below 22%.
As preferably, step after 3. Raw is pulverized length be less than or equal to 5cm.As the best, the step 3. rear length of Raw pulverizing is 3～5cm.Test to the material forming of solidago canadesis different lengths mainly contains following characteristics:
When the diameter of plant during less than 1cm, the length of raw material is on the not significantly impact of quality of moulding;
When the diameter of plant during greater than 3cm, the length of raw material has obvious impact to the quality of moulding, presents the moulding density downward trend with the growth of length;
When the length of raw material increases, in the time of obtaining the shaped fuel of equal densities, then require the water ratio of raw material lower;
When the length of raw material during less than 1cm, obtain comparatively easily the product of higher density, but the workload of pulverizing can increase.
Because the root of solidago canadesis plant is thicker, it is about 3cm that considerable part is arranged, and therefore, we are according to the characteristics of using shaped fuel as direct combustion, adopting raw material length is the disintegrating process of 3cm～5cm, can guarantee that the density of moulding product is all more than 0.8 g/cc.
As preferably, step 3. raw material pulverizing and store after, the water ratio of raw material is below 18% before the shaped by fluid pressure.
As the best, step 3. raw material pulverizing and store after, the water ratio of raw material is 14～15% before the shaped by fluid pressure.
The airing of step in 2. is on the spot airing., take full advantage of the moisture that natural condition reduce plant.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: be the clean and environment-friendly fuel energy with malignant weed machine-shaping, can replace the part energy commonly used, turn waste into wealth; Processing molding method is simple, and raw material is easy to get, and is with low cost, promotes easily, provides a kind of new application direction to solidago canadesis, opened up new Application Areas.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
The working method of Canadian goldenrod molding fuel comprises the steps
1. raw material is collected, and is healthy and strong in plant strain growth, before bud occurs, and harvesting solidago canadesis plant;
The desirable harvesting time should be healthy and strong with plant strain growth, and bud is advisable before occurring, and the plant of this moment finalizes the design almost, and unlikely the continuation grows tall, and the cavernous body material in the stem is also less, and cellulosic is more.If gather in this moment, can contain effectively that not only it utilizes air-flow to propagate the approach of diffusion, and the time on the occasion of It is the end of summer, just turning into autumn, temperature is high and dry, is conducive to harvested seasoning.On the other hand, be convenient to the harvest time of solidago canadesis and the harvesting time of farm crop (rice, cotton) stalk are staggered this moment, also can be conducive to the balanced production of biomass molding fuel.
If adopt ripe plant, the plant exterior skin during harvesting has been withered yellow, and titbit bursts forth fully.We notice by harvesting process, and when gathering under this situation, because the fruit of plant fully matured, the process of harvesting and transportation will cause the further diffusion of fruits/plant, also is unfavorable for harvesting and broken simultaneously.
On the other hand, along with the maturation of plant, the cavernous body material in the solidago canadesis stem increases, and also is unfavorable for processing and moulding.
2. raw material dries, and on the spot 1～2 week of airing, takes full advantage of the moisture that natural condition reduce plant, makes Plant water content reach 30～35%;
3. raw material pulverizing, length is 3～5cm after the raw material pulverizing, being stored to water ratio is below 22%.Should adopt conventional hay cutting type pulverizer to pulverize on the spot rear pack or adopt motor van to transport and be advisable.According to the reality test, the traffic capacity after the pulverizing only is 1/6～1/8 of whole (bundle) plant mode of transport.Can select Plant water content to pulverize and store 30%～35% the time, should not pile up too high (be generally below the 2m and be advisable) during storage.
4. shaped by fluid pressure adopts the hydraulic pressure extrusion equipment, and the water ratio of raw material is 14～15% before the shaped by fluid pressure, and mold temperature is 150～180 ℃, forming pressure 15～18Mpa, and finished product density is more than or equal to 0.8 g/cc after the moulding.
Because the raw material of biomass molding fuel comes from various biomass, therefore, the temperature control in moulding process will produce with the characteristic of different biomass larger difference with corresponding pressure-controlling.
From the angle that biomass molding fuel is used, improve the compact density of biomass molding fuel, will be conducive to the accumulating of biomass molding fuel, this is very important for from now on large-scale production and the large-scale popularization and application of biomass molding fuel.On the other hand, in using in industrial production, the biomass molding fuel of high-compactness also has obvious advantage in the control of state of combustion and the aspects such as stamina of burning.
In the moulding process test to " Herba Solidaginis ", how we also just adopt the control mold temperature to do relevant groping with the problem that forming pressure improves compact density.By experiment, we find that when water ratio one timing of raw material, the relation of the density of forming composition and mold temperature and forming pressure presents following features:
Moulding process temperature and the moulding process pressure of forming composition have interval property;
In the mold temperature interval, compact density and mold temperature are inversely proportional to, and are directly proportional with forming pressure;
The interval of moulding process changes with the variation of water ratio.
The gained finished product is not less than 0.8 g/cc.
4. finished product packing.
The fundamental characteristics of the shaped fuel of solidago canadesis finished product has been done the detection of relevant item.Detected result sees the following form, analyze for the ease of the detected result to finished product, we with the related data of coal and other biological matter shaped fuel tabulate respectively the contrast as follows:
The classification of heating value of coal:
| The rank title | Code name | Thermal value (MJ/kg) | The rank title | Code name | Thermal value (MJ/kg) |
| The low thermal mass coal | LQ | 8.50～12.50 | Middle high combustion value coal | MHQ | ＞21.00～24.00 |
| Middle low calorific value coal | MLQ | ＞12.50～17.00 | High combustion value coal | HQ | ＞24.00～27.00 |
| Middle calorific value coal | MQ | ＞17.00～21.00 | Special high combustion value coal | SHQ | ＞27.00 |
[0049]The classification of coal volatile matter:
| Title | Low volatile | Middle volatile matter | Middle high volatile | High volatile |
| Volatile matter (%) | ＞20.0 | ＞20.01～28.00 | ＞28.01～37.00 | ＞30.01 |
The classification of ash content of coal:
| The rank title | Code name | Ash content range (%) | The rank title | Code name | Ash content range (%) |
| Special low culm | SLA | ≤5.00 | Middle ash content coal | MA | ＞20.00～30.00 |
| Low ash coal | LA | ＞5.00～10.00 | Middle dirty coal | MHA | ＞30.00～40.00 |
| Culm in low | LMA | ＞10.00～20.00 | Ash coal | HA | ＞40.00～50.00 |
The classification of coal sulphur content:
| The rank title | Code name | Sulphur content scope (%) | The rank title | Code name | Sulphur content scope (%) |
| Special low sulphur coal | SLS | ≤0.50 | Middle sulphur content coal | MS | ＞1.50～2.00 |
| Low sulphur content coal | LS | ＞0.50～1.00 | Medium-high sulfur coal | MHS | ＞2.00～3.00 |
| Low medium sulphur coal | LMS | ＞1.00～1.50 | High sulphur content coal | HS | ＞3.00 |
According to detecting data, can obtain following results:
1. the shaped fuel of solidago canadesis is a kind of typical biomass molding fuel, when using as the surrogate of coal, be equivalent to the middle calorific value coal of low ash, because wherein the content of full sulphur is very low, therefore acting as a fuel when using, is a kind of cleaning, free of contamination environment-friendly type fuel.
2. have high volatile, low-carbon (LC) owing to biomass fuel, therefore should be according to corresponding technological operation when burning.
3. for the environmental protection characteristic of biomass fuel is described, the below has provided the relevant actual measurement parameter (data draw from [Technological Evaluation of China Biomass Energy Utilization]) of two kinds of biomass molding fuels under half gasification, and combustion state as a reference.
Actual measurement parameter during rice straw half gasification, and combustion:
| Project | Detected value | National normal value |
| Smoke dust discharge concentration | 28-39mg/Nm3 | 120mg/Nm3 |
| Flue dust average emission speed | 0.009kg/h | 0.096kg/h |
| Sulfur dioxide emissioning concentration | 10-14mg/Nm3 | 550mg/Nm3 |
| Sulfurous gas average emission speed | 0.003kg/h | 0.739kg/h |
| Discharged nitrous oxides concentration | 30-38mg/Nm3 | 240mg/Nm3 |
| Oxynitride average emission speed | 0.008kg/h | 0.219kg/h |
| Lingemann blackness | ＜1 grade | 1 grade |
[0061]Actual measurement parameter during maize straw half gasification, and combustion:
| Project | Detected value | National normal value |
| Smoke dust discharge concentration | 21-36mg/Nm3 | 120mg/Nm3 |
| Flue dust average emission speed | 0.008kg/h | 0.096kg/h |
| Sulfur dioxide emissioning concentration | 8-12mg/Nm3 | 550mg/Nm3 |
| Sulfurous gas average emission speed | 0.0028kg/h | 0.739kg/h |
| Discharged nitrous oxides concentration | 26-35mg/Nm3 | 240mg/Nm3 |
| Oxynitride average emission speed | 0.0075kg/h | 0.219kg/h |
| Lingemann blackness | ＜1 grade | 1 grade |
The hydraulic pressure extrusion moulding " technique has following advantage:
(1) is suitable for the abundant various crop stalks of china natural resources, the design of bulk type is so that raw material pulverizing technique is fairly simple, in earlier stage numerous measure of conforming to the principle of simplicity that keeps away has been adopted in pre-treatment to raw material, only need once simple pulverization process, length requirement to raw material can be loosened to below the 15cm, and the molding device of ring mold pressing roll-type, to the demand of raw material then below 0.5cm, screw extrusion type will be below 2cm.Therefore reduced greatly stalk pretreated energy consumption in early stage.
(2) relaxed in the moulding process requirement to the raw material water ratio.The water ratio of screw type shaping general requirement raw material must be dried usually less than 12%.We adopt piston sleeve reciprocator, the water ratio of raw material about 18%, also normally moulding, raw material does not need oven dry, has reduced the energy consumption of raw material stoving and not moulding phenomenon;
(3) adopt the hydraulic drive molding mode, significantly improved the work-ing life of abrasion piece, do not have relative movement between piston ram and the raw material, solved the high and short problem of consumable accessory life-span of energy consumption.
(4) stable, productivity can reach 500kg/h, and the ton energy consumption is reduced to about 80kWh.
Subordinate list: the comparison sheet of three kinds of molding modes that biomass solid formed fuel is commonly used
| Parameter | Ring mold pressing roll-type equipment | Screw rod extrusion type equipment | Shaped by fluid pressure formula equipment |
| The pulverizing unit of requirement (mm) to raw material | ＜5 | ＜20 | ＜150 |
| Applicable raw materials | Sawdust, some crops stalk | Bamboo bits, sawdust | Various agricultural crop straws, sawdust, branch etc. |
| Production efficiency (by the conversion of same motor power) unit (Kg) | 400-500 | 120-150 | 400-600 |
| Tooling cost unit (unit) | 250-300 | 200-250 | 120-150 |
| Easily worn part and work-ing life thereof | Ring mould 400-500h | Screw rod 60-80h | Oil sealing was changed once in 1 year |
| Product specification unit (mm) | Particulate state Ф 10～15 | Bar-shaped Ф 50～70 | Bar-shaped Ф 80～120 |
| The scope of application | Industry dwarf boiler, domestic heating, drink thing | Be used as machine-made charcoal after the charing | Industry dwarf boiler, civil heating, drink thing |
| Advantage | Particle is aesthetic in appearance, and is inflammable, and cleaning is applicable to family expenses | Aesthetic in appearance, can make machine-made charcoal after the charing | Production technique is simple, and the raw material pre-treatment is simple, and low production cost is easy to industrialization and uses |
| Shortcoming | That the pre-treatment of raw material requires is too high, complex manufacturing, production cost is too high, ratio of briquetting is not high, easily worn part maintain and replace expense is too high | Production efficiency is excessively low, and screw rod is too short work-ing life, changes too frequently, causes production cost too high. | External form is not too attractive in appearance, need join special furnace set and just can make in family expenses. |
Claims (5)
1. the working method of a Canadian goldenrod molding fuel is characterized in that comprising the steps
1. raw material is collected, and is healthy and strong in plant strain growth, before bud occurs, and harvesting solidago canadesis plant;
2. raw material dries, and in 1～2 week of airing, makes Plant water content reach 30～35%;
3. raw material pulverizing and storage, being stored to water ratio after the pulverizing is below 22%;
4. shaped by fluid pressure adopts the hydraulic pressure extrusion equipment, and mold temperature is 150～180 ℃, forming pressure 15～18Mpa, after the moulding finished product density more than or equal to 0.8 g/cc,
The step 3. rear length of Raw pulverizing is less than or equal to 5cm.
2. the working method of Canadian goldenrod molding fuel according to claim 1, length is 3～5cm after it is characterized in that step 3. Raw being pulverized.
3. the working method of Canadian goldenrod molding fuel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that step 3. raw material pulverizing and store after, the water ratio of raw material is below 18% before the shaped by fluid pressure.
4. the working method of Canadian goldenrod molding fuel according to claim 3, it is characterized in that step 3. raw material pulverizing and store after, the water ratio of raw material is 14～15% before the shaped by fluid pressure.
5. the working method of Canadian goldenrod molding fuel according to claim 1 is characterized in that the airing during step 2. is on the spot airing.
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| CN 200910097923 CN101597531B (en) | 2009-04-23 | 2009-04-23 | Canadian goldenrod molding fuel processing method |
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| CN101597531B true CN101597531B (en) | 2013-01-23 |
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| CN103060045A (en) * | 2013-01-17 | 2013-04-24 | 云南省烟草公司大理州公司 | Method for preparing high-density biomass fuel for roasting tobacco by tobacco stalks |
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 张百良等.生物质成型燃料技术及产业化前景分析.《河南农业大学学报》.2005,第39卷(第1期),第112页第2段. * |
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