CN101596844A - Air-inflation tyre - Google Patents

Air-inflation tyre Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101596844A
CN101596844A CN200910142728.7A CN200910142728A CN101596844A CN 101596844 A CN101596844 A CN 101596844A CN 200910142728 A CN200910142728 A CN 200910142728A CN 101596844 A CN101596844 A CN 101596844A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
tire
circumferencial direction
air
minute grooves
respect
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Granted
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CN200910142728.7A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN101596844B (en
Inventor
堀内研治
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Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd
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Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd
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Publication of CN101596844A publication Critical patent/CN101596844A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60CVEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C11/00Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
    • B60C11/03Tread patterns
    • B60C11/13Tread patterns characterised by the groove cross-section, e.g. for buttressing or preventing stone-trapping
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60CVEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C11/00Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
    • B60C11/03Tread patterns
    • B60C11/0306Patterns comprising block rows or discontinuous ribs
    • B60C11/0309Patterns comprising block rows or discontinuous ribs further characterised by the groove cross-section
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60CVEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C11/00Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
    • B60C11/03Tread patterns
    • B60C11/13Tread patterns characterised by the groove cross-section, e.g. for buttressing or preventing stone-trapping
    • B60C11/1307Tread patterns characterised by the groove cross-section, e.g. for buttressing or preventing stone-trapping with special features of the groove walls
    • B60C2011/133Tread patterns characterised by the groove cross-section, e.g. for buttressing or preventing stone-trapping with special features of the groove walls comprising recesses
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60CVEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C11/00Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
    • B60C11/03Tread patterns
    • B60C11/13Tread patterns characterised by the groove cross-section, e.g. for buttressing or preventing stone-trapping
    • B60C11/1307Tread patterns characterised by the groove cross-section, e.g. for buttressing or preventing stone-trapping with special features of the groove walls
    • B60C2011/1338Tread patterns characterised by the groove cross-section, e.g. for buttressing or preventing stone-trapping with special features of the groove walls comprising protrusions

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of air-inflation tyre, the left and right sides with respect to the tire center in tread surface respectively disposes 2 circumferencial direction major troughs continuous on tire circumferential direction respectively, to form rib shape decorative pattern or block-type tread by the land portion that these circumferencial direction major troughs mark off with pattern groove, wherein: at least 50% zone of the whole girth of described circumferencial direction major trough, about on two walls configuration with respect to a plurality of minute grooves of tire circumferential direction bevelled, overlook along tire footpath direction, be configured in the tire tire shoulder side in the described circumferencial direction major trough 2 circumferencial direction major troughs about minute grooves on two walls be equidirectional with respect to the direction of tilt of tire circumferential direction; Overlook along tire footpath direction, be configured in the tire central side 2 circumferencial direction major troughs about minute grooves on two walls with respect to the direction of tilt of tire circumferential direction for mutually oppositely.

Description

Air-inflation tyre
Technical field
The present invention relates to air-inflation tyre, relating in particular to does not increase the pattern groove area and when improving muddy road surface and travelling and the air-inflation tyre used of the mud ground snowfield of the braking driveability of snowy road surface when travelling.
Background technology
In the past, being classified as air-inflation tyre that the mud ground snowfield uses uses mostly the tread contour that 4 circumferencial direction major troughs, the rib shape decorative pattern by having pattern groove or block-type tread constitute the land portion that is marked off by these circumferencial direction major troughs is set on tread surface.By this tread contour travel at muddy road surface, snowy road surface travel in the bigger braking driveability of performance, possess excellent off-road capability.
In above-mentioned tread contour,, effectively on rib shape decorative pattern, block-type tread, increase the pattern groove composition in order to make the off-road capability excellence.
But, in recent years, RV (Recreational Vehicle: este wagon) etc. in, not only require off-road capability good, and begin the requirement road running to control stability also good.In in increase above-mentioned tread contour for such requirement and tire rib shape decorative pattern, pattern groove composition that block-type tread is relative, rib shape decorative pattern rigidity, block-type tread rigidity descend, thus road running control stability decreases.
The spy of Japan opens the 2006-137239 communique and has proposed a kind of tire, wherein: the raising of the braking driveability when realizing that in order not increase pattern groove composition ground snowfield travels, on the groove sidewall of the 1st circumferencial direction major trough that is arranged on shoulder zone in 4 circumferencial direction major troughs on being arranged on tread surface, be provided with a plurality of circumferencial direction sulculuses that extend along tire circumferential direction, on the groove sidewall of the 2nd circumferencial direction major trough that is arranged on the central area, be provided with a plurality of footpaths direction sulculus that extends along the tire radius direction in addition.By the former circumferencial direction sulculus, reduce the friction drag between water and the cell wall, in addition, by the latter's footpath direction sulculus, increase tire during snowfield ground connection with the friction of the snow post that in groove, produces, the braking driveability when improving snowfield thus and travelling.
But, only by the structure of above-mentioned circumferencial direction sulculus and footpath direction sulculus is set, only otherwise increase the pattern groove composition, as the mud ground mud-and-snow tyre, when muddy road surface travels and the raising degree of the braking driveability of snowy road surface when travelling limited.Therefore, can not avoid the decline of rib shape decorative pattern rigidity, block-type tread rigidity, in the time of can not fully taking into account muddy road surface and travel and snowy road surface when travelling the braking driveability and road running control stability.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve above-mentioned problem in the past, provide a kind of when taking into account muddy road surface and travelling and snowy road surface when travelling the braking driveability and the air-inflation tyre of controlling stability of road running.
Reach the air-inflation tyre of the present invention of this purpose, the left and right sides with respect to the tire center in tread surface respectively disposes 2 circumferencial direction major troughs continuous on tire circumferential direction respectively, to form rib shape decorative pattern or block-type tread by the land portion that these circumferencial direction major troughs mark off with pattern groove, wherein: at least 50% zone of the whole girth of described circumferencial direction major trough, about on two walls configuration with respect to a plurality of minute grooves of tire circumferential direction bevelled, overlook along tire footpath direction, be configured in the tire tire shoulder side in the described circumferencial direction major trough 2 circumferencial direction major troughs about minute grooves on two walls be equidirectional with respect to the direction of tilt of tire circumferential direction; Overlook along tire footpath direction, be configured in the tire central side 2 circumferencial direction major troughs about minute grooves on two walls with respect to the direction of tilt of tire circumferential direction for mutually oppositely.
Pneumatic tires according to the present invention, in the both sides at tire center braking driveability in 4 circumferencial direction major troughs of 2, when muddy road surface is travelled, when snowy road surface travels being set respectively has in 2 circumferencial direction major troughs of tire central side of bigger help, minute grooves about being arranged on two walls is set to mutually oppositely with respect to the direction of tilt of tire circumferential direction, the minute grooves that increases two cell walls thus is from the antagonistic force of avenging or mud is subjected to, so driveability is improved.Relative therewith, in 2 circumferencial direction major troughs of tire tire shoulder side, minute grooves about being arranged on two walls is set to equidirectional with respect to the direction of tilt of tire circumferential direction, fluid spiral fashion in the circumferencial direction major trough flows and produces rectification effect thus, so can improve deceleration and stopping performance.Here, so-called fluid is water, the muddy water on the track.By these fluids are produced rectification effect, drainage speed further accelerates, and drainage effect further improves, so easier performance deceleration and stopping performance.
Like this, can access higher driveability and deceleration and stopping performance on the mud ground snowfield, so do not need to increase especially the pattern groove area.Therefore, the unfavorable condition road running in the time of can not causing increasing the pattern groove area control stability decreases, can take into account mud ground snowfield performance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the skeleton diagram of the airtyred tread surface that is made of embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 2 represents the circumferencial direction major trough of the tire shoulder side in the air-inflation tyre of the present invention, (a) is block diagram, (b) is birds-eye view.
Fig. 3 represents the circumferencial direction major trough of the tire central side in the air-inflation tyre of the present invention, (a) is block diagram, (b) is birds-eye view.
The specific embodiment
Below, be elaborated for air-inflation tyre of the present invention with reference to embodiment shown in the drawings.
In Fig. 1, on airtyred tread surface 1, the left and right sides at tire center 2 promptly respectively is provided with 2 circumferencial direction major troughs 3 (3C, 3S) respectively at tire central side and tire shoulder side, and these 2 circumferencial direction major troughs 3 are made as the connection structure on tire circumferential direction.Here so-called " be communicated with structure ", refer to when on tire circumferential direction, observing, the major trough 3 of tread surface 1 not can by about the cell wall groove structure that covers the visual field, can have an X-rayed.
The land portion 4 that is marked off by circumferencial direction major trough 3 forms rib shape decorative pattern continuous on tire circumferential direction in illustrated embodiment.
In the land portion 4 of the central authorities between 2 circumferencial direction major trough 3C of tire center 2 sides, respectively along two edges on tire circumferential direction alternately arranged spaced the pattern groove 8 that one-sided end and a plurality of sizes of circumferencial direction major trough 3C bonded assembly are short is only arranged and at the tiltedly transversal tire sipe 9 of tire width direction updip.In the land portion 4 of the central authorities between the circumferencial direction major trough 3S of the circumferencial direction major trough 3C of tire center 2 sides and tire shoulder side, be respectively equipped with the short pattern groove 8 and the long pattern groove 8L that only link to each other with the circumferencial direction major trough 3S of tire shoulder side.Long pattern groove 8L bending connects mutually in a circumferential direction and forms waveform.Short pattern groove 8 and long pattern groove 8L are with 2 to 1 ratio setting.
In illustrated embodiment, above-mentioned land portion 4 forms rib shape decorative pattern, but also pattern groove can be arranged between transversal 2 circumferencial direction major troughs, forms a plurality of block-type treads row thus.
As mentioned above like that on 4 circumferencial direction major troughs 3 (3C, 3S) continuous on the tire circumferential direction, as Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3, on the wall of the left and right sides, be provided with respectively with respect to tire circumferential direction with a plurality of minute grooves of tilt angle theta bevelled (5C, 5S).Preferably, minute grooves is essentially linearity, but also can have bending slightly.
Overlook along tire footpath direction, in the described minute grooves 5 be arranged on tire tire shoulder side about 2 circumferencial direction major trough 3S about minute grooves 5S on two walls to inclined.Preferably, overlook along tire footpath direction, all minute grooves 5S are with equal angular inclination (with reference to Fig. 2 (b)).The 6th, the line of centers of circumferencial direction major trough.
Relative therewith, overlook along tire footpath direction, be arranged on tire center 2 sides about 2 circumferencial direction major trough 3C about minute grooves 5C on two walls oppositely tilt mutually with respect to tire circumferential direction.Preferably, the minute grooves 5C of two walls is line symmetry (with reference to Fig. 3 (b)) with respect to the major trough line of centers 6 along tire circumferential direction about.In addition, here, so-called " overlooking along tire footpath direction " refers to " observing the state of tread surface from the outside of the footpath direction of tire ".
Minute grooves 5S of She Zhiing and 5C like this, except as shown example like that only be arranged on circumferencial direction major trough 3S and 3C about on two walls, also can extend to bottom land respectively and be connected to each other thus.In addition, these minute grooves 5S and 5C are not particularly limited with respect to the direction of tilt of tire hand of rotation, can be in right bank and the left bank any one.In addition, under the situation of minute grooves 5C, it is with respect to the tire hand of rotation, can be the minute grooves 5C direction of tilt near each other towards the downstream about shown in Fig. 3 (b), also can be the direction of tilt that leaves mutually on the contrary.
In addition, minute grooves 5 must be configured in the zone more than 50% of the whole girth of circumferencial direction major trough.If less than 50%, then being difficult to achieves one's goal obtains effect of the present invention.Preferred disposition is more than 70%, more preferably is configured to 90%~100%.
In the time of on two walls that like that minute grooves 5 are configured in circumferencial direction major trough 3 as mentioned above, the minute grooves 5C that is configured on 2 circumferencial direction major trough 3C of tire center 2 sides is configured to respect to the mutual oppositely directed line symmetry of the direction of tilt of tire circumferential direction, can increase the antagonistic force that is subjected to from snow or mud thus.Air-inflation tyre of the present invention is brought into play high driveability by the antagonistic force that this minute grooves 5C is subjected to.Relative therewith, be configured in the minute grooves 5S on 2 circumferencial direction major trough 3S of tire shoulder side, by its direction of tilt with respect to tire circumferential direction is arranged to equidirectional, fluid is flowed on major trough inside spin shape ground, bring into play rectification effect thus.By this rectification effect, the drainage speed of the water on the road surface of giving it the gun, muddy water etc. is brought into play high deceleration and stopping performance thus.
Therefore,,, do not increase the pattern groove area especially, just can on the mud ground snowfield, obtain high braking driveability these compoundization of effect according to the present invention.Therefore, the decline of controlling stability of the unfavorable condition road running in the time of can not causing increasing the pattern groove area can take into account the driveability and the deceleration and stopping performance of mud ground snowfield.
In the present invention, in order more effectively to bring into play effect of the present invention, preferred.The tiltangle of minute grooves is made as 20 °~70 °, more preferably is made as 30 °~55 °.In the present invention, preferred, minute grooves 5 is a linearity, but also can have bending slightly.In addition, Ci Shi tilt angle theta is defined as the angle of inclination of the straight line between the two ends that connect minute grooves.
Preferably, the groove width of minute grooves 5 is 0.2~0.8mm, more preferably 0.4~0.6mm.Preferably, be spaced apart 0.8~10mm, more preferably 1~5mm between the minute grooves.Here, the interval between the so-called minute grooves 5 refers to from the side of the groove of measuring with the direction of the groove direction quadrature distance to the side of adjacent groove.
By tiltangle being located in 20 °~70 ° above-mentioned scope,, can increase and the relative antagonistic force of power that produces by the tire rotation at the circumferencial direction major trough of tire central side.Its result can increase the power that produces traction, the power of braking.In addition,, can improve the rectification effect that the fluid helically is flowed, significantly improve the deceleration and stopping performance on wetland, accumulated snow, the muddy road surface at the circumferencial direction major trough of tire shoulder side.
In addition, by with the groove width of minute grooves 5 be made as above-mentioned scope at interval, can increase the braking driveability of the circumferencial direction major trough of the tractive property of circumferencial direction major trough 3C of above-mentioned tire central side and tire shoulder side.If the not enough 0.2mm of groove width, then the drainage effect of minute grooves 5 descends, so not preferred.In addition, if groove width greater than 0.8mm, then tractive property improves effect and diminishes, so also not preferred.
In the major trough 3S of tire shoulder side, when the not enough 0.2mm of the groove width of minute grooves 5 or under any situation when bigger than 0.8mm, the rectification effect that is produced by minute grooves 5 all can descend, drainage effect diminishes, so not preferred.
In the present invention, preferred, at distance tire center 2 5~15% zone of tyre contact width with the position configuration of the line of centers of the circumferencial direction major trough 3C of tire central side.In addition, preferred, at distance tire center 2 25~40% zone of tyre contact width with the position configuration of the line of centers of the circumferencial direction major trough of tire tire shoulder side.In Fig. 1, the former is the zone of being represented by C, and the latter is the zone of being represented by S.In general, the help of the tread surface of central part is bigger when driving, help in the tread surface of glancing impact tire shoulder portion is bigger, so by disposing the circumferencial direction major trough of tire central side and tire shoulder side as mentioned above like that, can more effectively bring into play function separately.
In addition, preferred, the groove width of the circumferencial direction major trough 3C of tire central side is 3~7% of a tyre contact width, more preferably 4~6%.Relative therewith, preferred, the width of the circumferencial direction major trough 3S of tire tire shoulder side be the tire central side circumferencial direction major trough 3C groove width 100~125%, more preferably 115~120%.Under the narrow situation of the groove width of each circumferencial direction major trough, because the existence of minute grooves (5C, 5S) and the quantitative change of affected fluid is little, expected effect of the present invention reduces.In addition, opposite under wide situation, because the influence that the existence of minute grooves (5C, 5S) produces diminishes relatively, effect also reduces at this moment.Increase to 115~125% o'clock of groove width of the circumferencial direction major trough of tire central side in groove width, can improve the rectification effect of the circumferencial direction major trough of tire tire shoulder side the circumferencial direction major trough 3S of tire tire shoulder side.
In addition, preferred, the cell wall of circumferencial direction major trough 3 is 5~13 ° with respect to the inclination angle beta of the normal direction of tread surface, more preferably 7~10 °.If less than 5 °, then the block-type tread rigidity descends cell wall with respect to the inclination angle beta of the normal direction of tread surface, the effect that exists of minute grooves descends.On the other hand, when inclination angle beta surpassed 13 °, above-mentioned rectification effect descended.
In air-inflation tyre of the present invention, groove area ratio (%) advantageous applications of tread surface is employed scope in the mud ground snow tyre generally.Be preferably 30~50%.Especially, the groove area ratio of pattern groove preferably is made as 5~20%.By being provided with the pattern groove area ratio less like this, can well guarantee the rigidity of rib shape decorative pattern or block-type tread, further improve the stability of controlling of road running.
Here, so-called " the groove area ratio (%) of tread surface ", as in ground plane, the area at actual earth-free position obtains with respect to the ratio of ground contact area.In addition, so-called " the groove area ratio (%) of pattern groove ", refer to the area ratio of pattern groove, try to achieve by the ratio that from the groove area ratio of above-mentioned tread surface, deducts circumferencial direction major trough area and ground contact area with respect to the area (comprising the decorative pattern slot part) of the land portion that between the circumferencial direction major trough, is marked off.
In addition, in the present invention, the ground connection width of so-called tire, refer to such an extent that be: when in the air pressures-load-carrying capacity corresponding tables of filling the JATMA regulation to tire corresponding to the air pressure of maximum load capability and when applying 80% load-carrying of this maximum load capability, the ground connection width of on the tire direction of principal axis, measuring, in addition, so-called ground plane refers to such an extent that be the ground connection outermost end area surrounded of measuring by based on above-mentioned load-carrying.
Embodiment
As the test tire, trial-production makes to add up to 8 kinds of (example, comparative example, embodiment 1~6 in the past) air-inflation tyres, wherein: tire size all is made as P265/70R17 113S, the tread contour grown form is made as the decorative pattern of Fig. 1, the having or not of configuration of position, major trough width, major trough angle, the minute grooves of circumferencial direction major trough, the form of minute grooves, method of configuration etc. are had nothing in common with each other.The inclination of minute grooves, embodiment 1~6th, form shown in Figure 1, comparative example is only to inclined, and example did not have minute grooves in the past.Minute grooves all is configured in 100% zone of the whole girth of circumferencial direction major trough.
For these 8 kinds of tires, press on the wheel rim that is assembled in 17X8J (measuring wheel rim, measure rim) with the air of 200kPa respectively, be installed in respectively on the RV three-box car of 4 wheel drive, on the test ride road surface, implement following running test.
Test results is as table 1 and table 2 are put down in writing.When air-inflation tyre of the present invention has wet and slippery road traveling and the braking driveability of the excellence of snowy road surface when travelling, in addition, controlling of road running stable aspect, also have the very excellent performance of in the air-inflation tyre of in the past same use, not seeing.
(1) wet road braking ability:
On wet and slippery test ride road surface, the stopping distance under the instrumentation initial velocity 100km/h.The stopping distance of routine in the past tire is made as 100, represents by index assessment.Index is big more, and wet road braking ability is good more.
(2) snowfield braking ability:
On snowfield test ride road surface, the stopping distance under the instrumentation initial velocity 40km/h.The stopping distance of routine in the past tire is made as 100, represents by index assessment.Index is big more, and the snowfield braking ability is good more.
(3) snowfield driven nature:
On snowfield test ride road surface, under the instrumentation initial velocity 5km/h with the ground-surface friction coefficient.The friction coefficient of routine in the past tire is made as 100, represents by index assessment.Index is big more, and it is good more that snowfield drives traction.
(4) road running control stability:
Carry out road running, the situation of tire of example in the past is made as 100, represent by index assessment.Index is big more good more.
Figure A20091014272800121
Figure A20091014272800131

Claims (10)

1. air-inflation tyre, the left and right sides with respect to the tire center in tread surface respectively disposes 2 circumferencial direction major troughs continuous on tire circumferential direction respectively, to form rib shape decorative pattern or block-type tread by the land portion that these circumferencial direction major troughs mark off with pattern groove, wherein:
At least 50% zone of the whole girth of described circumferencial direction major trough, about on two walls configuration with respect to a plurality of minute grooves of tire circumferential direction bevelled, overlook along tire footpath direction, be configured in the tire tire shoulder side in the described circumferencial direction major trough 2 circumferencial direction major troughs about minute grooves on two walls be equidirectional with respect to the direction of tilt of tire circumferential direction; Overlook along tire footpath direction, be configured in the tire central side 2 circumferencial direction major troughs about minute grooves on two walls with respect to the direction of tilt of tire circumferential direction for mutually oppositely.
2. air-inflation tyre as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the width of described minute grooves is made as 0.4~0.6mm, the interval between the minute grooves is made as 1~5mm, and this minute grooves is made as 20~70 ° with respect to the angle of inclination of tire circumferential direction.
3. air-inflation tyre as claimed in claim 2, wherein: described minute grooves is made as 35~55 ° with respect to the angle of inclination of tire circumferential direction.
4. air-inflation tyre as claimed in claim 1, wherein: with the position configuration of the line of centers of the circumferencial direction major trough of described tire central side is 5~15% zone of tyre contact width at distance tire center, is 25~40% zone of tyre contact width at distance tire center with the position configuration of the line of centers of the circumferencial direction major trough of described tire tire shoulder side.
5. air-inflation tyre as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the groove width of the circumferencial direction major trough of described tire central side is made as 4~6% of tyre contact width, the groove width of the circumferencial direction major trough of described tire tire shoulder side is made as described tire central side the circumferencial direction major trough groove width 115~125%.
6. air-inflation tyre as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cell wall of described circumferencial direction major trough is made as 7~13 ° with respect to the angle of inclination of the normal direction of tread surface.
7. air-inflation tyre as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the groove area ratio of described tread surface is 30~50%.
8. air-inflation tyre as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the groove area ratio of described pattern groove is 5~20%.
9. air-inflation tyre as claimed in claim 1, wherein: overlook along tire footpath direction, be configured in described tire tire shoulder side 2 circumferencial direction major troughs about the angle of inclination of described minute grooves on two walls identical; Overlook along tire footpath direction, be configured in described tire central side 2 circumferencial direction major troughs about the direction of tilt of minute grooves on two walls be the line symmetry with respect to the major trough line of centers.
10. air-inflation tyre as claimed in claim 1, wherein: this air-inflation tyre is the tire that the mud ground snowfield is used.
CN200910142728.7A 2008-06-02 2009-06-02 Pneumatic tire Active CN101596844B (en)

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JP2010013091A (en) 2010-01-21
US20090294003A1 (en) 2009-12-03
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ATE487615T1 (en) 2010-11-15
JP5278127B2 (en) 2013-09-04

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