CN101594531B - 传送器与电子设备之间信号流的简化传送方法 - Google Patents

传送器与电子设备之间信号流的简化传送方法 Download PDF

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CN101594531B
CN101594531B CN200910202861.7A CN200910202861A CN101594531B CN 101594531 B CN101594531 B CN 101594531B CN 200910202861 A CN200910202861 A CN 200910202861A CN 101594531 B CN101594531 B CN 101594531B
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让-巴蒂斯特·亨利
加埃唐·科特罗
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Abstract

本发明实质上涉及一种传送器与电子设备之间信号流的简化传送方法，经由通信网络、使用分组数据传送协议在传送器服务器与用于实时恢复数据的至少一个解码器接收器之间传送多媒体采样流，该采样流对可变尺寸的图像(I、P、B)进行编码，该方法的特征在于包括明显不同的以下步骤：确定针对该流的所有采样的相同的传送延迟，确定每个采样的传送比特率(39)，以实现在所确定的传送延迟内对该采样的发送，在专用于该采样的传送比特率(39)和所有采样的传送延迟下从传送器服务器向解码器接收器传送每个采样。

Description

传送器与电子设备之间信号流的简化传送方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于在传送器服务器与要实时恢复信号的电子设备之间传送信号流的方法。所考虑的电子设备例如是数字电视解码器。
本发明总体上属于数字电视领域。将在通过互联网接收信号流的解码器的范围内更具体地描述本发明，以下，解码器将被描述为IP解码器，但根据本发明的方法的实现方式不限于该解码器类型。
在数字电视领域，电视解码器用于访问加密传送且在解码器内解密的一组电视信道。电视解码器是电视信号传送系统(特别是MPEG和DVB格式的数字电视信号)与显示监控器之间的接口单元。
将电视传送广播至这些解码器的传送装置可以是标准的天线传送装置、同轴电缆、光缆、服务一区域的重传卫星、或互联网。该解码器包括：接收装置，接收所传送的信号；以及格式化装置，将接收到的信号变换为可直接应用于显示设备命令单元的信号。
根据本发明的方法有利地应用于对必须被实时恢复的信号流中传送的数据的处理，该数据是以非周期性的方式在信号流中连续传送的。通常，连续恢复或读取是用于恢复互联网上电视信号的原理，该复原或恢复原理实现了在广播音频或视频流时对该音频或视频流的读取。
该恢复原理用于收看电视服务或用于显示可通过“视频点播”(VoD)获取的内容。因此，这种恢复原理通过下载来防止扩散(diffusion)，下载需要在能够恢复视频摘要(extract)之前复原该视频摘要的整个数据组。
在实时环境下的该恢复中，用于在互联网上广播视频数据分组(图1)的服务器11传送该视频数据分组，直到它们被IP解码器型接收设备12或连接至该网络的任何其他类型的音频-视频数据恢复设备(例如，电话或个人助理之类的移动终端)接收到为止。
在该示例中，每个分组10对诸如所确定持续时间的音频序列或者图像之类的多媒体采样进行编码。在对图像进行编码的情况下，易于区别出三种不同的图像类型：
-I图像(帧内)，其编码不依赖于任何其他图像；
-P图像(预测)，其编码依赖于先前接收到的图像；以及
-B图像(双向预测)，其依赖于先前和/或随后接收到的图像。
背景技术
在接收到不同图像之后，在要恢复这些图像的电子设备12中存储这些图像。至少将这些不同的图像存储在“缓冲”存储器中。
在具体IPTV流的情况下，所考虑的存储时间小于一秒。在其他示例中，可以将不同的分量存储在硬盘型的存储模块中，以备稍后解码，由此，与该存储类型相关联的应用不是“实时”型的应用。
为了优化系统操作，接收器12必须以与分组10的传送比特率相同的比特率对分组10进行解码。实际上，如果传送器服务器11以大于接收器12解码比特率的比特率来传送分组10，则在等待对分组10的解码的同时，要存储的分组10的量使接收器的缓冲存储器饱和。相反，如果传送器以小于接收器12解码比特率的比特率来传送分组10，则这种情况下的缓冲存储器保持等待数据。
因此，传送器服务器11必须与由解码器12执行的处理同步地传送分组10。为了实现该同步，本领域公知使用称为TS(传输流)的协议，该协议对通过称为PCR(程序时钟参考)的指示符而传送的信息进行时间戳标记。
如图2所示，这种方法具有能以几乎恒定的比特率传送数据流的优点。更具体地，图2示出了与已描述的分组10相关联的比特率随时间轴18的变化。
因此，如果在该传送期间可以在网络中确保并保持该固定比特率，则确保分组传送10。
本发明源自以下观察：对于一采样，在大尺寸样本的传送先于该样本的传送时，这种方法可以导致该样本的恢复延迟，也称为呈现(presentation)。
例如，如图1所示，在已要求长传送延迟的I’图像后传送的B’图像可以被稍后接收以备恢复——随轴16而表示的图像恢复次序相对于MPEG协议中的其传送次序是可逆的。
因此，如果所传送的图像的呈现比其传送更快，特别是在大尺寸图像的传送之后，则解码器为了保持等待B’图像由阴影区域表示的延迟时段而停止。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服上述问题。为此，本发明实质上涉及一种传送方法，经由通信网络、使用分组数据传送协议来传送多媒体采样流以实时恢复这些数据，该采样流对可变尺寸的图像进行编码，该方法的特征在于包括明显不同的以下步骤：
-确定针对该流的所有采样的相同的传送延迟；
-确定每个采样的传送比特率，以实现在所确定的传送延迟内对该采样的发送；以及
-在专用于该采样的传送比特率和所有采样的传送延迟下从传送器向接收器传送每个采样。
除了上述主要特征外，根据本发明的方法还可以提供单独地或根据所有技术上可能的结合而考虑的以下附加特征中的一个或多个：
-设置来自传送器服务器的采样的最大传送比特率以及然后针对图像的发送来分配多个传送延迟的步骤；
-向解码器接收器指示图像发送所需的传送延迟数目的步骤；
-测试对于传送器服务器而言可经由传送网络获取的传送比特率的步骤；
-处理与电视信号相关的数据的步骤；
-根据MPEG协议对数据进行编码的步骤；以及
-根据IP协议来传送分组的分组的步骤。
附图说明
参照不同的附图，通过以下作为非限制性示例而提供的描述，本发明的其他特征和优点将显而易见，在附图中：
图1示出了根据现有技术的用于传送和恢复视频图像的方法的示意图；
图2示出了根据现有技术的传送器服务器的传送比特率变化的图；
图3示出了根据本发明方法的实现方式的第一示例中用于传送和恢复视频图像的方法的第一示意图；
图4示出了根据本发明方法的实现方式的第一示例中的传送器服务器的传送比特率变化的图；
图5示出了根据本发明方法的实现方式的第一示例中用于传送和恢复视频图像的方法的第二示意图；以及
图6示出了根据本发明方法的实现方式的第二示例中的传送器服务器的传送比特率变化的图。
具体实施方式
出现在不同附图中的元件共用相同的参考标记，除非另有说明。
参照图3，示出了根据本发明实现方式的第一示例的用于传送和恢复视频图像的方法。
更具体地，用于在互联网上广播视频数据分组20的服务器21传送这些分组20，直到它们被IP解码器型的接收设备22或连接至网络的任何其他类型的音频-视频数据恢复设备(例如，电话或个人助理之类的移动设备)接收到为止。
在该示例中，每个分组20对诸如I、P或B图像之类的多媒体采样进行编码，其中，每个分组20都是根据相同的预定传送延迟dt而传送。在该实施例中，将该传送延迟设置为40ms，以获得每秒25个采样的比特率。
换言之，采用与更小尺寸的P或B图像相同的延迟dt来传送大尺寸I图像，服务器21调整其传送比特率以便以所设置的延迟dt来传送每个图像。
因此，如图4所示，传送比特率29从I图像(高比特率)到P图像(中等比特率)或B图像(低比特率)剧烈变化。举例而言，考虑到3.5Mbps的MPEG2流，I图像可以具有10Mbps的比特率，P图像可以具有4Mbps的比特率，B图像可以具有1Mbps的比特率。
这些比特率变化具有能在不体现图像(特别是大尺寸I图像)的特性的情况下传送分组20的优点，这导致了随后被传送的大尺寸图像的图像呈现中的延迟。
的确，如图3的轴26所示，在被分配给每个图像的延迟dt内自动执行图像的呈现，其中，该dt延迟与每个图像的呈现延迟相同。
然而，可以将本发明的第一实施例的实现方式限制在传送器服务器21可获得的比特率也受到限制的网络中。的确，网络的物理特征可以将服务器的访问阻止到以所设置的延迟dt传送分组20所需的比特率。
在这种情况下，对大尺寸图像的传送超过了传送dt延迟。因此，要考虑图5所示的使用I’和P’图像的两种情况：
-第一种：B’图像跟在I’图像之后，以便在与I’图像的传送相关的超时的减小了的传送dt延迟之内可以执行传送。在这种情况下，I’图像传送的超时与本发明的前述实施例兼容。
-第二种：B’图像跟在P’图像之后，以便在与P’图像的传送相关的超时的减小了的传送dt延迟内不可以执行传送。在这种情况下，P’图像的传送的超时不与前述的本发明实施例兼容，这是由于该超时可能会产生对该B’图像的恢复的延迟(阴影区域)的阻滞。
为了克服第二种情况，如图6所示，可以自动限制传送器服务器可获得的带宽。
通过施加该限制37，服务器21可以分配新的传送dt延迟，以传送在第一dt延迟内不能被传送的图像的一部分。
在图6中，用阴影示出了在传送dt延迟内不能被传送的数据，被分配以传送该数据的新dt延迟进而以灰色表示。

Claims (9)

1.一种传送方法，用于经由通信网络、使用分组数据传送协议在传送器服务器(21)与用于实时恢复数据的至少一个解码器接收器(22)之间传送多媒体图像采样流，所述图像采样流对可变尺寸的图像(I、P、B)进行编码，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-确定针对所述流的所有图像采样中的每一个的相同的传送延迟(dt)，其中，所述传送延迟与每个图像采样的呈现时间相同，
-确定每个图像采样的传送比特率(29、39)，以实现在所确定的传送延迟(dt)内对所述图像采样的发送，
-在专用于所述图像采样的传送比特率(29、39)和所有图像采样中的每一个的传送延迟(dt)下从传送器服务器(21)向解码器接收器(22)传送每个图像采样。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括附加步骤：
-设置来自传送器服务器(21)的图像采样的最大传送比特率(37)，
-针对图像采样的发送来分配多个传送延迟。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，还包括以下步骤：传送器服务器(21)向解码器接收器(22)指示针对图像采样的发送而分配的多个传送延迟。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，还包括以下步骤：测试传送器服务器(21)可通过网络获得的传送比特率(29、39)。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，还包括以下步骤：处理与电视信号相关的数据。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，还包括以下步骤：根据MPEG协议对图像进行编码。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法，还包括以下步骤：根据IP协议来传送分组(20)。
8.一种要连接至通信网络的传送器服务器(21)，使用分组数据传送协议将多媒体图像采样流传送至用于实时恢复数据的至少一个解码器接收器(22)，所述图像采样流对可变尺寸的图像(I、P、B)进行编码，所述传送器服务器(21)包括用于执行以下各项的装置：
-确定针对所述流的所有图像采样中的每一个的相同的传送延迟(dt)，其中，所述传送延迟与每个图像采样的呈现时间相同，
-确定每个图像采样的传送比特率(29、39)，以实现在所确定的传送延迟(dt)内对所述图像采样的发送，
-在专用于所述图像采样的传送比特率(29、39)和所有图像采样中的每一个的传送延迟(dt)下从传送器服务器(21)向解码器接收器(22)传送每个图像采样。
9.一种连接至通信网络的解码器(22)，使用分组数据传送协议来接收对可变尺寸的图像(I、P、B)进行编码的多媒体图像采样流，以实时恢复数据，所述解码器(22)包括用于执行以下各项的装置：
-对根据所确定的相同传送延迟(dt)而传送的图像采样进行解码，其中，所述传送延迟与每个图像采样的呈现时间相同，并且每个图像采样的传送比特率(29、39)实现了在所确定的传送延迟内对所述图像采样的发送，
-以相同呈现延时呈现每个图像采样。
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