CN101590698B - 包括复合材料的风轮机叶片的制造方法 - Google Patents

包括复合材料的风轮机叶片的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN101590698B
CN101590698B CN200910149753.8A CN200910149753A CN101590698B CN 101590698 B CN101590698 B CN 101590698B CN 200910149753 A CN200910149753 A CN 200910149753A CN 101590698 B CN101590698 B CN 101590698B
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mould part
compressible stratum
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H·斯蒂斯达尔
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Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/44Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
    • B29C70/443Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding and impregnating by vacuum or injection
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/44Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with means for, or specially constructed to facilitate, the removal of articles, e.g. of undercut articles
    • B29C33/48Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with means for, or specially constructed to facilitate, the removal of articles, e.g. of undercut articles with means for collapsing or disassembling
    • B29C33/50Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with means for, or specially constructed to facilitate, the removal of articles, e.g. of undercut articles with means for collapsing or disassembling elastic or flexible
    • B29C33/505Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with means for, or specially constructed to facilitate, the removal of articles, e.g. of undercut articles with means for collapsing or disassembling elastic or flexible cores or mandrels, e.g. inflatable
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29DPRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D99/00Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B29D99/0025Producing blades or the like, e.g. blades for turbines, propellers, or wings
    • B29D99/0028Producing blades or the like, e.g. blades for turbines, propellers, or wings hollow blades
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C43/36Moulds for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/3642Bags, bleeder sheets or cauls for isostatic pressing
    • B29C2043/3644Vacuum bags; Details thereof, e.g. fixing or clamping
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C43/36Moulds for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/3642Bags, bleeder sheets or cauls for isostatic pressing
    • B29C2043/3649Inflatable bladders using gas or fluid and related details
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/02Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/10Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non-rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts or dies
    • B29C43/12Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non-rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts or dies using bags surrounding the moulding material or using membranes contacting the moulding material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/02Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/18Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. compression moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/08Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
    • B29L2031/082Blades, e.g. for helicopters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/08Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
    • B29L2031/082Blades, e.g. for helicopters
    • B29L2031/085Wind turbine blades
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

一种包括复合材料的风轮机叶片的制造方法,其包括以下步骤:选择外模具部件;选择内模具部件,其中该内模具部件表面的至少一部分包括由气密膜覆盖的可压缩层;将该材料定位在外模具部件和内模具部件之间的模腔内;对该模腔进行抽空;并且粘结该复合材料,其进一步包括在定位复合材料之前对该可压缩层进行抽空的步骤。

Description

包括复合材料的风轮机叶片的制造方法
技术领域:
本发明涉及一种包括复合材料的风轮机叶片的制造方法,包括以下步骤:选择外模具部件;选择内模具部件,其中内模具部件的至少一部分表面包括由气密膜覆盖的可压缩层;将待粘结的材料定位在外模具部件和内模具部件之间的模腔内;对模腔进行抽空并粘结(bond)该材料。
背景技术:
为了制造转子叶片,例如风车式叶片或风轮机叶片,公知的是用风力粗纱带或粗纱束绕芯。在专利US4242160和US4381960中描述的系统使用了这种方法。为了满足风轮机应用所期望的表面特性并防止未加工的复合材料的表面呈现为外表面,额外的精加工处理是必须的。
允许以确保令人满意的表面特性和对该材料的粘结、并且同时在整个叶片上提供恒定材料特性的另一方法是真空辅助树脂传递模塑法。在专利EP1310351B1中提出的方法中,材料定位在外模具部件和内模具部件之间的模腔内,并且,在抽空模腔后,允许树脂流入和粘结该材料。
然而,如果在树脂注射阶段期间或在其中树脂仍然是液体的固化过程的早期阶段期间空气泄漏进填充树脂的腔内,那么空气会留在该叠层件内并因此降低叶片的强度。该空气的泄漏典型地发生在覆盖内模具部件的气密膜具有小孔或破裂的时候。
为了确保气密膜的完整性,以使空气不能泄漏进保持在真空下的模腔内,使用包含有由多个不同层组成的膜。这样,增加膜的冗余,并且这些层中的其中一个层的气密性的缺陷不损害该膜的整体气密性。
然而,使用该多层膜导致更高的材料消耗和整体技术上更高努力。
发明内容:
因此,本发明的目的在于提供一种包括复合材料组成的风轮机叶片的制造方法,该材料在整个叶片上提供恒定的材料性质,同时避免了使用多层气密膜。
该目的通过权利要求1所述的方法获得。
权利要求1提供了一种包括复合材料的风轮机叶片的制造方法,其包括以下步骤:
-选择外模具部件,
-选择内模具部件,其中内模具部件的至少一部分表面包括由气密膜覆盖的可压缩层,
-将待粘结的材料定位在外模具部件和内模具部件之间的模腔内,
-对该模腔进行抽空,
-粘结该材料,
其特征在于它进一步包括步骤:在定位所述待粘结的材料之前对可压缩层进行抽空。
通过在定位待粘结的材料之前抽空该可压缩层,该可压缩层由其外部的空气压力压缩,并且因此减少了总尺寸。当将待粘结的材料定位在外模具部件和处于压缩状态的内模具部件之间的模腔内之后,空气也从该模腔中排出,可压缩层再次膨胀并且挤压该材料。
由于在该状态下,可压缩层和模腔都处于真空,没有显著的空气压力差可能导致空气通过该气密膜进行泄漏并因此损害叶片的强度。因此,在确保叶片材料质量的同时,可以避免使用多层气密膜。
因此,在节约技术努力和材料消耗的同时,本发明允许可靠地制造规定材料质量的风轮机叶片。
本发明可以如引用权利要求1的权利要求所限定的那样实施。
本方法的实施例可以包括检测气密膜中的泄漏的步骤。
这使得在将待粘结的材料定位在外模具部件和内模具部件之间的模腔内并且同时抽空该模腔之后,通过让空气流入可压缩层而进一步增加施加到待粘结的材料上的压力。这样,不仅可压缩层的膨胀力而且可压缩层内的空气压力都向该材料提供压力。
该实施例特别有用的是,在存在泄漏的情况下对该可压缩层再次进行抽空,使得在有泄漏实际发生时可以特别地获得本发明的效果,同时在没有空气泄露时受益于该额外的压力。
在实施例中,检测泄漏可以基于检测模腔内的空气压力实施,和/或基于检测可压缩层内的空气压力实施。可替换地,可以例如通过测量流入可压缩层的空气量和/或通过测量流出模腔的空气量来测量空气的流入/流出速率。
在实施例中,在粘结该材料之后可以对该可压缩层再次进行抽空。这便于从制造好的风轮机叶片中取出内模具芯。
附图说明:
本发明将参照以下所描述的详细实施例和多个附图进一步描述:
图1示出了用于实施本方法一实施例的装置的示意性横截面图;
图2示出了本方法一实施例的第一部分的示意性流程图,和
图3示出了本方法一实施例的第二部分的流程图(续图2)。
具体实施方式:
图1示出了用于实施本发明所述方法的模具的示范性横截面图。
在该实施例中,内模具设置为两个独立的零件。第一内模具包括刚性内芯1A,刚性内芯1A由可压缩材料层3A覆盖。第一内模具进一步包括气密膜4A,气密膜4A设置在可压缩层3A的外表面的顶上。
同样,第二内模具包括刚性内芯1B,刚性内芯1B由可压缩材料层3B覆盖。第二内模具也进一步包括气密膜4B,气密膜4B设置在可压缩层3B的外表面的顶上。在第一和第二内模具之间设置抗剪腹板2。
在气密膜4A、4B与外模具(即顶部外模具7和底部外模具8)的内表面6之间的模腔内设置待粘结的材料5(复合材料、叠合材料(lay-up materials))。该叠合材料可包括玻璃纤维材料、碳纤维材料、巴尔沙(balsa)木和PVC发泡材料。
在顶部外模具7和底部外模具8这两者中均可设置温度调节系统9,其包括温度传感器和加热元件。
气密膜4A和4B可以实施为独立的真空袋,其尺寸形成为使得它们分别适合于配装(fit over)在内模具及其可压缩层1A、3A或1B、3B上。这样,当压缩可压缩层时,多余的真空袋材料将以小褶皱的形式形成小的存储区。在粘结过程期间,这些存储区确保袋材料不会被挤出而进入该叠层件(即,待粘结的材料)的小的空隙中,而是可以在没有挤压的情况下膨胀进入这些空隙。这提供了额外的安全以防止袋破裂。
从图中可以看出,内模具的整体尺寸使得当叠合材料在位且可压缩层3A、3B处于压缩状态时内模具适合于外模具7、8的形状。因此,当可压缩层未被压缩时,内模具将超出由具有定位好的叠合材料的内模具提供的腔的尺寸。换句话说,可压缩材料层的尺寸形成为使得,在它的压缩状态中,它的形状和尺寸使内模具应当适于对那些要被包括在该粘结材料(即,叠层件)中的纤维进行叠合。实际中,内模具的形状可以类似于将位于所制造好的风轮机叶片内的腔的形状。因此,当处于其未压缩状态时,内模具大于将位于所制造好的风轮机叶片内的腔,并且可压缩材料在该叠层件上施加固结压力(consolidationpressure)。
利用图1中示出的结构进行模制的过程通过参考图2和3进一步说明。
图2示出了本方法实施例的第一部分的示范性流程图。在步骤100中,将底部外模具部件8放置到位,以便定位叠合材料。在步骤110中通过将这些叠合材料一层一层地设置在外模具8的内表面6的顶上而定位该叠合材料。
接着,在步骤120中,可压缩层3A、3B被抽空,使得周围大气中的空气压力压缩该层,并且内模具收缩并且使其形状适合处于由底部模具和已定位的叠合材料提供的底座中。
在图1所示的实施例中,抗剪腹板2也设置在第一和第二内芯之间。如果不包括抗剪腹板,那么可以使用单个内模具来代替。可替换地,可以使用两个互补的内模具以便于操纵该内模具。
当在步骤130中内模具已经定位在由底部模具和已定位的叠合材料所提供的底座中时,在步骤140中更多的叠合材料以同样的方式定位在内模具的顶上。
接着,在步骤150中,将顶部外模具放在内模具上,使得外模具闭合,并且形成如图1中所示的结构。
此时,在步骤160中,允许空气在可压缩层中流动,从而允许大气压力来支持对位于该模腔内的叠合材料进行压缩。在可替换的实施例中,可压缩层可以保持真空,使得可以防止空气的泄漏,因为没有足够的空气压力差让空气流过该膜中可能存在的孔。在这样的实施例中,空气泄漏的检测可以省略。
在这两种情况中,在步骤170中模腔被抽空,并且可压缩层的膨胀力和本实施例中在可压缩层内作用的空气压力都压缩模腔内的复合材料(叠合材料),迫使叠合材料压靠外模具。
参照图3描述了该过程的进一步的步骤。在步骤180中,允许树脂流入叠合材料所在的该腔内。附加地或可替换地,可以施加热量来实施该粘结过程。
在这样做时,在步骤190中,该系统检测空气是否从可压缩层泄漏进模腔内。这可以利用任何合适的泄漏检测方法来完成,例如通过测量模腔内的空气压力或通过测量流进可压缩层或流出模腔的空气量来实现。然而,在最简单的例子中,可以仅仅通过倾听是否有来自泄漏空气的任何噪音或鸣叫声来实施泄漏的检测。
如果发生空气泄漏,在步骤200中,可压缩层再次被抽空,使得可压缩层和模腔之间的任何空气流动快速地消失。由于可压缩层的膨胀力,作用在待粘结的材料上的压力得以保持,虽然强度可能降低。为了获得该效果,可压缩层可包括或由合适的泡沫橡胶或任何其他的发泡的可压缩材料组成。该可压缩材料也可以是一种具有外侧面或外壳和内侧面或内壳的垫,该外侧面或外壳和内侧面或内壳由处于中间的中间层分开,该中间层包括细肋,当加载负荷时该细肋弯曲,并且在释放负荷时该细肋又再次伸展。它也可以包括设置在芯和外壳之间的弹簧,袋抵靠该外壳。
接着,一旦树脂凝固,该粘结过程就结束(步骤210)。在打开模具之前,允许空气进入外模具和内模具之间的空间,使得该模具部件可以拆下。为了方便取出这样制造的风轮机叶片,可压缩层可以被再次抽空以减少内模具的尺寸。
因此,所提出的方法适合制造高质量的风轮机叶片,并且同时改进制造过程的稳定性并减少材料的消耗。在所提出的方法中,粘结过程即使在气密膜出现孔的惰况下仍然可以继续而不会损害制造的叶片的材料特性,并且避免高成本地使用多层气密膜或具有特别防泄漏的其他膜。

Claims (11)

1.一种包括复合材料的风轮机叶片的制造方法,其包括以下步骤:
-选择外模具部件,
-选择内模具部件,其中内模具部件的表面的至少一部分包括由气密膜覆盖的可压缩层,
-将待粘结的材料定位在外模具部件和内模具部件之间的模腔内,
-对该模腔进行抽空,
-粘结该材料,
其特征在于
它进一步包括步骤:在定位所述待粘结的材料之前对所述可压缩层进行抽空。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,包括步骤:检测气密膜中的泄漏。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述检测泄漏是基于检测模腔内的空气压力来实施的。
4.如权利要求2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述检测泄漏是基于检测所述可压缩层内的空气压力和/或测量流进所述可压缩层的空气量和/或测量流出所述模腔的空气量来实施的。
5.如权利要求2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,在出现泄漏的情况下对所述可压缩层进行抽空。
6.如权利要求1-3中任一权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,在抽空所述可压缩层的同时允许空气流进所述可压缩层。
7.如权利要求1-3中任一权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述材料已经粘结之后对所述可压缩层进行抽空。
8.如权利要求1-3中任一权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,所述内模具部件选择成包括具有由真空袋覆盖的可压缩层的刚性芯部件。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述真空袋的尺寸设置成适合于配装在所述刚性芯部件及其处于未被压缩状态下的可压缩层上。
10.如权利要求1-3中任一权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,所述内模具部件选择成使得所述可压缩层的膨胀力提供足够的用于所述粘结的压力。
11.如权利要求1-3中任一权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,所述内模具部件选择成使得当所述可压缩层未被压缩时,所述内模具部件超出由所述外模具部件提供的中空空间。
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