CN101588655A - Ceramic heater and heating iron using it - Google Patents
Ceramic heater and heating iron using it Download PDFInfo
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- CN101588655A CN101588655A CNA2009101280691A CN200910128069A CN101588655A CN 101588655 A CN101588655 A CN 101588655A CN A2009101280691 A CNA2009101280691 A CN A2009101280691A CN 200910128069 A CN200910128069 A CN 200910128069A CN 101588655 A CN101588655 A CN 101588655A
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Abstract
A ceramic heater comprises the following components: a ceramic body which is provided with a conductor and a metal coating layer conducted with the conductor; and a lead wire component which is jointed with the metal coating layer through brazing solder that is composed of more than two metals. The more than two metals exist in the brazing solder with an identificable state. One metal in the more than two metals is a first metal with young's modulus lower than 180 GPa. The first metal is positioned in at least one interface selected from an interface between the brazing solder and the lead wire component and the interface between the brazing solder and the metal coating layer.
Description
The application is based on application number be 200580023302.X, denomination of invention for " ceramic heater and adopt its heating iron ", the applying date be the dividing an application of patent application on July 27th, 2005.
Technical field
The present invention relates to ceramic heater and adopt the heating iron that its constitutes.
Background technology
In the past, ceramic heater extensively as oil gasification devices such as semiconductor heater, soldering flatiron, hair-waving flatiron, petroleum fan heaters with thermal source etc., or the pyrotoxin in the luminescent system etc. uses.In addition, in recent years, use etc. in air-fuel ratio detecting sensor (lambda sensor) heating, especially the purposes to the vehicle mounted ceramic heater increases.
In this kind ceramic heater, the cylindric various shapes such as cylindric of tabular is arranged, but all be for example by being in the ceramic matrix of principal component with the aluminium oxide, bury the conductor that constitutes by refractory metals such as W, Re, Mo underground and constitute.Figure 11 represents the ceramic heater of cylindrical shape as the one example.This ceramic heater by the ceramic body of burying conductor underground, be located at its lip-deep terminal installing electrodes portion 106, utilize braze 111 to be bonded on its lip-deep lead member 110 to constitute.This terminal installing electrodes portion 106 constitutes by coating (metallized) layer and Ni coating, for to the conductor supply capability of burying underground, makes the conductor of burying underground be connected (patent documentation 1) with metal carbonyl coat.
In addition, in recent years, for improving reliability, the ceramic heater that has also proposed to have following feature, that is, the angle that forms of the wiring on the wiring of the braze end of braze outer rim and electrode outer rim and the some that the braze end points contacts is at prescribed limit (patent documentation 2).
Patent documentation 1: the spy opens flat 8-109063 communique
Patent documentation 2: the spy opens the 2000-286047 communique
But, in recent years, in the vehicle mounted ceramic heater that demand increases,, therefore require reliability owing to be in high temperature or harsh environment for use such as vibration or exhaust gas atmosphere, especially the junction surface of anchor leg parts requires high reliability.
In addition, recently, in the device that adopts ceramic heater to constitute, require to be rapidly heated characteristic, in the ceramic heater that requires so to be rapidly heated, the variations in temperature at junction surface is also fierce, to the demanding reliability in junction surface.That is, take out the braze of electrode part and the thermal expansion difference of ceramic matrix because of lead member being fixed on terminal, stress concentrates on this soldering portion, has the problem of the durability reduction of ceramic heater.
Especially for example as hair iron, in, the ceramic heater of ceramic heater integral retaining in holding member wide at heating region since with heating simultaneously, electrode taking-up portion is heated rapidly, so the raising of durability becomes major subjects.
Summary of the invention
For this reason, though the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of under rigor condition such as high temperature or vibration or exhaust gas atmosphere durability ceramic heater also excellent, that heating cooling is rapidly had high reliability.
The present invention's purpose in addition is to provide a kind of heating iron with high-durability.
For achieving the above object, the 1st ceramic heater of the present invention is characterized in that: possess: ceramic body, the conductor of establishing in having and with the metal carbonyl coat of this conductor conducting; The lead member that engages with described metal carbonyl coat by braze, and, the lining height setting in the lining zone of the described lead member of covering of described braze is, on the described lead member in 40～99% scope of the nearest height that promptly goes between near end and the distance between described metal carbonyl coat upper end farthest of described metal carbonyl coat.
In addition, the 2nd ceramic heater of the present invention is characterized in that possessing: ceramic body, the conductor of establishing in having and with the metal carbonyl coat of this conductor conducting; The lead member that engages with described metal carbonyl coat by braze, and described braze contains the metal more than 2 kinds, and this metal more than 2 kinds exists respectively with discernible state in described braze.
In addition, what is called can be discerned among the present invention, is meant that the metal more than 2 kinds is sneaked in the mode that does not become solid appearance body, for example, is meant and can confirming each metal picture when observing reflection electronic picture (BEI) with scanning electron microscope (SEM).Multiplying power during observation is for example more than 50 times.
In addition, heating iron of the present invention is characterized in that: as heating mechanism, adopt the of the present invention the 1st or the 2nd ceramic heater.
As above the 1st ceramic heater of the present invention of Gou Chenging owing to determine the lining regional extent of braze on lead member at the junction surface, so can guarantee to go between and the bonding area of braze, can reduce the stress that thermal cycle takes place.
Therefore,, can form the joint of the good high reliability of durability, can provide durability high ceramic heater according to the 1st ceramic heater of the present invention.
In addition, the 2nd ceramic heater of the present invention, because by contain the metal more than 2 kinds as braze, there is this metal more than 2 kinds respectively with discernible state, in the described metal more than 2 kinds a kind is that Young's modulus is the 1st a following metal of 180GPa, and the 1st metal is arranged at least one side's the boundary portion of the boundary portion of the boundary portion of described braze and described lead member and described braze and described metal carbonyl coat.The part of the lower resistance side of the metal more than 2 kinds of formation braze is relevant with energising, so can reduce resistance value.Thus, can reduce the caloric value on the braze, improve the reliability that engages of braze and metal carbonyl coat and lead member, can provide durability high ceramic heater.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 (A) is the stereogram of the ceramic heater of embodiments of the present invention 1.
Fig. 1 (B) is the profile of the ceramic heater of execution mode 1.
Fig. 2 is the profile at junction surface of lead member 10 of the ceramic heater of expression execution mode 1.
Fig. 3 (A) is the stereogram of the 1st operation in the manufacturing process of ceramic heater of execution mode 1.
Fig. 3 (B) is the stereogram of the 2nd operation in the manufacturing process of ceramic heater of execution mode 1.
Fig. 3 (C) is the stereogram of the 3rd operation in the manufacturing process of ceramic heater of execution mode 1.
Fig. 3 (D) is the stereogram of the 4th operation in the manufacturing process of ceramic heater of execution mode 1.
Fig. 4 is the stereogram of the ceramic heater 100 of embodiments of the present invention 2.
Fig. 5 is the generalized section of the soldering portion of ceramic heater 100 shown in Figure 4.
Fig. 6 is the section photo of section of an example of soldering portion of the ceramic heater 100 of expression execution mode 2.
Fig. 7 is the enlarged photograph of area E shown in Figure 6.
Fig. 8 is the enlarged photograph of region D shown in Figure 6.
Fig. 9 is the enlarged photograph of zone C shown in Figure 6.
Figure 10 is the stereogram of the heating iron of embodiments of the present invention 1.
Figure 11 is the stereogram of ceramic heater in the past.
Figure 12 is the section photo of the soldering portion of ceramic heater in the past.
Among the figure: 1, the 100-ceramic heater, 2-pottery core, 3-potsherd (ceramic sheet), 4-conductor, the 5-lead division that goes between, the 6-terminal takes out electrode, the 6a-metal carbonyl coat, 6b-coating, 7-via hole (via hole), the 8-adhesive linkage, 9-ceramic body, 10-lead member, the 11-braze, 12-electrode taking-up portion, 13-space (void), the composition of 14-lead member is to the diffusion layer of braze, 16-peri position end, 17-amphi position end, the lining height in 18-lining zone, 22-pottery core, 23-ceramic green sheet (ceramic greensheet), 24-conductor, the 25-lead division that goes between, the 26-metal carbonyl coat, the through hole that the 27-via hole is used, 28-electrode taking-up portion.
Embodiment
Below, with reference to the description of drawings embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 1A is the stereogram that schematically shows the ceramic heater of embodiments of the present invention 1, and Figure 1B is the profile of the A-A line on Figure 1A, and Fig. 2 is the profile of the detailed structure at expression junction surface.
The ceramic heater 1 of present embodiment 1, shown in Figure 1A, Figure 1B, constitute by the ceramic core 2 of cylindrical shape and the potsherd 3 that is wrapped on this pottery core 2 by adhesive linkage 8, between ceramic core 2 and potsherd 3, bury conductor 4, lead-in wire lead division 5 and electrode taking-up portion 12 underground.Then, this electrode taking-up portion 12 is connected with the metal carbonyl coat 6a in the outside that is located at potsherd 3.In addition, on the surface of metal carbonyl coat 6a, form the coating 6b that constitutes by Ni, constitute terminal by metal carbonyl coat 6a and coating 6b and take out electrode 6, utilize braze 11 to engage and fix this terminal taking-up electrode 6 and lead member 10.In addition, electrode taking-up portion 12 and metal carbonyl coat 6a, shown in Figure 1B, the via hole 7 below the metal carbonyl coat 6a that is located at potsherd 3 connects.In the ceramic heater 1 that so constitutes, by switching on to metal carbonyl coat 6a via lead member 10, then conductor 4 generates heat, thereby has the function as heater.
In addition, in the ceramic heater of present embodiment 1, it is characterized in that: cover the lining height 18 in lining zone in the zone of lead member 10 as braze 11, be set in 40～99% the scope of lead member 10 away from the distance between the upper end of terminal installing electrodes 6 near end and lead member 10 near terminal installing electrodes 6.
Promptly, junction surface in terminal installing electrodes 6 and lead member 10, if the height of the lining on the cross section of lead member 10 18, be lower than near terminal installing electrodes 6 near end 16 to away from the distance of the upper end 17 of terminal installing electrodes 6 (below, in this manual this distance is called lead-in wire height) 40%, then because the area of the joint interface of lead member 10 and braze 11 is little, cause the wire-bonded intensity at initial stage low, uneven degree is big.So, as present embodiment 1, highly be under 40%～99% the situation of lead-in wire height in the lining of braze 11, the wire-bonded intensity at initial stage can be improved, and inequality can be reduced.
In addition, as shown in Figure 2, be to have under the situation of wire rod of circular section in lead member 10, lead-in wire highly becomes the diameter of the circular cross section of lead member 10.
In addition, braze 11 covers the lining height 18 of lead member 10, if surpass 99% of height, in the zone that is covered by braze, under the situation of carrying out thermal cycle, at the interface of lead member 10 and braze 11 crackle takes place easily, reduces wire-bonded intensity.
Promptly, if covering, lead member 10 usefulness braze make lining height 18 highly surpass 99% scope with respect to lead-in wire, then poor because of the linear thermal expansion of lead member 10 and braze 11, interface in lead member and braze produces stress, and owing to do not have the Stress Release place, so at interface generation crackle.In addition, if compare the value of the linear thermal expansion of lead member 10 and braze 11, then be lead member 10＜braze 11.Specifically be,, carry out under the situation of thermal cycling test, crackle takes place at the interface of lead member and braze covering lead member along full Zhou Fangxiang with braze.
To this, if will be set in 40%～99% scope with respect to the lining height 18 of lead-in wire height, then because braze 11 does not cover the part of lead member 10, therefore under the situation of carrying out thermal cycling test, can relax the stress that the thermal expansion because of lead member 10 and braze 11 takes place, crackle does not take place in the interface in lead member and braze in thermal cycling test.
In this ceramic heater,,, lining height 18 is set in 60%～99% scope preferably with respect to the lead-in wire height in order more effectively to prevent in thermal cycling test crackle to take place at the interface of lead member and braze.
Scope with respect to lead-in wire lining height 18 highly; can be according to the wetability control of lead member 10 and braze; more specifically, the material of material by lead member 10 and surface roughness, braze, temperature, protective atmosphere when engaging are controlled.In present embodiment 1, more preferably control by the surface roughness of lead member 10, if so control, the scope of height setting in regulation can simpler and easy and positively will be covered.
In addition, in present embodiment 1, preferably on the interface of lead member 10 and braze, there is emptying aperture 13.Under the situation of no emptying aperture on the interface of lead member 10 and braze, adstante febre at ceramic heater 1, good from ceramic body 9 to the heat conduction of lead member 10, the lead member surface temperature increases, but exist at the interface under the situation of emptying aperture 13, obstruction is from the heat conduction of ceramic body 9 to lead member 10, and the lead member surface temperature is compared reduction during with no emptying aperture.Thereby if having emptying aperture 13 at the interface of lead member 10 and braze, the thermal stress at junction surface reduces, and can reduce the deterioration of the wire-bonded intensity behind the thermal cycling test.
Confirmed to find after the size of emptying aperture 13 and the wire-bonded intensity at initial stage, when emptying aperture 13 is 0.1～200 μ m, wire-bonded intensity height behind initial stage and the thermal cycling test, almost do not have difference, but under the situation of emptying aperture 13 greater than 200 μ m, the wire-bonded intensity behind initial stage and the thermal cycling test is low, be lower than at emptying aperture 13 under the situation of 0.1 μ m, because the surface temperature height of lead member 11, though the therefore wire-bonded intensity height at initial stage, the wire-bonded intensity behind the thermal cycling test reduces.
In addition, under emptying aperture 13 occurs in greater than the situation in 40% the scope at interface, the wire-bonded intensity at initial stage reduces, thus, be to reduce the surface temperature of lead member and the wire-bonded intensity behind raising initial stage and the thermal cycling test, preferably in 20%～40% the scope at interface, have the emptying aperture 13 of 0.1～200 μ m.
In addition, in present embodiment 1, under the situation of the diffusion layer 14 of braze 11 diffusions, the wire-bonded intensity behind initial stage and the thermal cycling test is low at the composition that does not have lead member 10, have at the interface under the situation of diffusion layer 14, the wire-bonded intensity at initial stage improves.This thinks, the composition by lead member 10 is to the diffusion of braze 11, and the part at interface changes to chemical bond from physical engagement, improved wire-bonded intensity so.
Thereby in the present invention, the composition of preferred lead member 10 is to braze 11 diffusions.
In order effectively to improve wire-bonded intensity, the distance (thickness) of the diffusion layer 14 on the preferred interfaces is 0.1～30 μ m, more preferably 3～30 μ m.Be lower than at diffusion layer 14 under the situation of 0.1 μ m, the effect that improves wire-bonded intensity is little, under the situation of diffusion layer greater than 30 μ m, because the composition of lead member 10 spreads in a large number to braze 11, therefore the hardness that improves braze 11 arranged, behind thermal cycling test, in braze 11 crackle takes place easily, reduce the misgivings of wire-bonded intensity.
In addition, for the stable diffusion layer 14 that generates, obtain effective anchor effect (anchor effect), improve wire-bonded intensity, the lip-deep arithmetic mean surface roughness Ra of preferred lead member 10 is in the scope of 0.05～5 μ m.If the lip-deep arithmetic mean surface roughness Ra of lead member 10 is lower than 0.05 μ m, then the 0.05 μ m of 14 generations of diffusion layer sometimes is thick, the effect of the wire-bonded intensity behind the raising thermal cycling test is little, if arithmetic mean surface roughness Ra is greater than 5 μ m, when measuring the thick wire-bonded intensity of thermal cycle, have because of the thermal cycle crackle and expand, cause the misgivings of broken string from the surface.
Below, the manufacture method of the ceramic heater 1 of present embodiment 1 is described.
When making ceramic heater 1, adopt the method that comprises the operation shown in Fig. 3 A～Fig. 3 D.
At first, after having made ceramic green sheet 23, on this ceramic green sheet 23, form the through hole 27 (with reference to Fig. 3 A) that via hole is used.
Then, in this through hole 27, behind the filling conductor paste (paste), become the conductor paste layer of conductor 24 and lead-in wire lead division 25, carry out drying (with reference to Fig. 3 B) then.
Then, counter-rotating ceramic green sheet 23 becomes the conductor paste layer (with reference to Fig. 3 C) of metal carbonyl coat 26 overleaf.
Then, counter-rotating is once pasted ceramic green sheet 23 by volume on ceramic core 22 again, makes the living formed body (with reference to Fig. 3 D) that is made of the raw material before the sintering.
By in 1500～1650 ℃ reduction protection atmosphere, burning till the living formed body of moulding like this, obtain ceramic body 9, then; as shown in Figure 1; after forming the coating 6b that constitutes by Ni on the surface of metal carbonyl coat 6a, utilize braze 11 anchor leg parts 10, obtain ceramic heater 1.
About the material of ceramic heater 1, can adopt aluminium oxide, silicon nitride, aluminium nitride, carborundum, mullite etc.
For example, as aluminium oxide (Alumina), can use by Al
2O
3: 88～95 weight %, SiO
2: 2～7 weight %, CaO:0.5～3 weight %, MgO:0.5～3 weight %, ZrO
2: the aluminium oxide that 0～3 weight % constitutes.If Al
2O
3Content is littler than this value, then because the nature of glass increases, and the migration during energising increases, does not therefore preferably adopt.In addition, if opposite Al
2O
3Content is bigger than this value, then since the amount of glass that in the metal level of built-in heating resistor 4, spreads reduce, the time ceramic heater 1 the durability deterioration, therefore preferably do not adopt.
As silicon nitride, can contain Si
3N
4: 85～95% weight %, Y
2O
3Or Yb
2O
3, Er
2O
3Deng rare earth oxide: 2～12 weight %, Al
2O
3: 0.3～2.0 weight %, press SiO in addition
2Conversion oxygen: 0.5～3 weight %.As aluminium nitride, can use following formation: contain AlN:85～97 weight %, Y
2O
3Or Yb
2O
3, Er
2O
3Deng rare earth oxide: 2～8 weight %, CaO:0～5 weight %, wherein press Al as impurity
2O
3Conversion oxygen: 0.5～3 weight %.As mullite, can adopt: by Al
2O
3: 58～75 weight %, SiO
2: the following unavoidable impurities of 25～42 weight %, 1 weight % constitutes.
In addition, about the shape of ceramic heater 1, except that cylinder and cylindric, also can be tabular.
Ceramic heater of the present invention also is not limited to this, in the scope that does not break away from aim of the present invention, can carry out numerous variations.
Below, with reference to the ceramic heater 100 of description of drawings embodiments of the present invention 2.
The ceramic heater 100 of Fig. 4 and present embodiment 2 shown in Figure 5, same with execution mode 1, form following formation, promptly, in the inside of ceramic matrix 9, establish conductor 4, forming the metal carbonyl coat 6a that is connected in this electrode taking-up portion 12 in the electrode taking-up portion 12 on the surface that extends to ceramic matrix 9, on the terminal installing electrodes 6 that constitutes by this metal carbonyl coat 6a, with braze 11 welding lead parts 10.In addition, as required, on metal carbonyl coat 6a, form coating (not shown),, constitute terminal installing electrodes 6 by metal carbonyl coat 6a and coating.
In addition, ceramic matrix 9 for example can obtain in the following manner, promptly, make raw cook (becoming the part of sheet 3 after burning till) by utilizing scraping blade (doctorblade) legal system, utilize the formed body that extrinsion pressing is made becomes ceramic core material 2, make them integrated, thereby obtain.As the material of ceramic matrix 9, can use oxide ceramics such as aluminium oxide, mullite, forsterite, or non-oxide ceramicses such as silicon nitride, aluminium nitride etc., still, wherein preferably use oxide ceramics.For example, as the material of ceramic matrix 9, under the situation that adopts the aluminum oxide pottery, adopt by Al
2O
3: 88～95 weight %, SiO
2: 2～7 weight %, CaO:0.5～3 weight %, MgO:0.5～3 weight %, ZrO
2: the composition that 1～3 weight % constitutes.In addition, also be not limited to the aluminum oxide pottery, also can adopt silicon nitride pottery, aluminium nitride matter pottery, the siliceous pottery of carbonization etc.
At this moment, on raw cook, utilize stencil printing printed conductor 4, be pre-formed in the locational via hole of the regulation on raw cook, form electrode taking-up portion 12 by stamping-out etc.The material of conductor 4 and electrode taking-up portion 12 as principal component, is added their alloy or metal silicides such as TiN, WC, metal carbides with the monomer of W, Mo, Re.Conductor 4 and electrode taking-up portion 12 preferably adjust these materials with the resistance that improves conductor 4, the mode that reduces the resistance of electrode taking-up portion 12, respectively screen printing.
Herein, be to eliminate the mismatch (difference of height) of raw cook and conductor 4, and raw cook is closely bonded on formed body cylindraceous, preferably on conductor 4, utilize screen printing etc. to be coated on Al
2O
3Be principal component, add SiO
2, MgO etc. mixture in add adhesive and be modulated into the slurry of paste with organic solvent.
Then, by in 1500 ℃～1650 ℃ reduction protection atmosphere, burning till, can access desired sintered body by incorporate formed body.
In the electrode taking-up portion 12 of the sintered body that obtains, coating is the slurry of principal component with W, and sintering forms metal carbonyl coat 6a in a vacuum.About the material of metal carbonyl coat 6a,, contain the composition that constitutes by refractory metal such as W, Mo, Re and their alloy preferably as conductive compositions.About the thickness of metal carbonyl coat 6a, preferably be defined in more than the 10 μ m.If thickness is lower than 10 μ m, then the adhesive strength with ceramic matrix 9 of electrode taking-up portion 4 is low, and the durability with respect to the tensile strength of lead member 10 of thermal cycle reduces in the use, so preferably do not adopt.More preferably thickness is more than 15 μ m, most preferably more than 20 μ m.The reason of the tensile strength of the thickness effect lead member 10 of metal carbonyl coat 6a be because, metal carbonyl coat 6a is the porous sintered article of the refractory metal that is made of W, Mo, Re etc., from the glass ingredient of ceramic matrix 9 on this diffusion grain boundary, hole, gain in strength by this anchor effect.Thereby, increase the thickness of metal carbonyl coat 6a more, just increase the tensile strength of the lead member 10 that engages more.
In addition, after forming metal carbonyl coat 6a, also can on metal carbonyl coat 6a, implement plating, this plating preferably with Ni as principal component.
Then, utilize vacuum brazing, lead member 10 is installed on the metal carbonyl coat 6a.
As the material of lead member 10, preferably using thermal endurance good Ni system or Fe-Ni is alloy etc.This is because the temperature of lead member 10 rising in use and cause the possibility of deterioration is arranged because of the heat conduction from conductor 4.Wherein, as the material of lead member 10, be under the situation of alloy using Ni system or Fe-Ni, preferably its average crystalline particle diameter is defined in below the 400 μ m.If described average grain diameter surpasses 400 μ m, vibration and thermal cycle during then because of use, crackle takes place near the lead member fatigue the soldering portion, so preferably do not adopt.About other material, for example, if the particle diameter of lead member 10 greater than the thickness of lead member 10, then since in the crystal grain of the boundary vicinity of braze 11 and lead member 10 concentrated stress, crackle takes place, so preferably do not adopt.For the average grain diameter that makes lead member 10 less than below the 400 μ m, as long as the temperature when reducing soldering as far as possible, shorten the processing time just can.
And, the invention is characterized in the structure in the braze 11.That is, shown in Fig. 6～9, braze contains the metal more than 2 kinds, preferably contains 2 kinds of metals, and this metal forms the structure that the spot shape exists, or the structure of point-like existence.Herein, in this manual, so-called " existence of spot shape ", " point-like existence " are meant that these metals more than 2 kinds exist respectively for example to adopt discernible states such as microscope.In addition, Fig. 6 represents section by the example of the lead member 10a of employing rectangle.In addition, this becomes the metal of spot shape or the metal that point-like exists, and as principal component, preferably selects 2 kinds at least from the element of the 10th family (Ni, Pd, Pt etc.) or the 11st family (Cu, Ag, Au etc.).This be because, less because of the Elements Diffusion coefficient ratio of the 10th family and the 11st family, can suppress the diffusion of metal, difficult form uniform phase, and, owing to intrinsic resistance is little, so the also superior reason of conductivity.
As braze 11 so, can enumerate Ag-Cu braze, Au-Cu braze etc., wherein more preferably adopt the Ag-Cu braze.
So, with lead member 10 solderings after on the metal carbonyl coat 6a because in braze 11 inside, there are the metal (for example Ag and Cu) more than 2 kinds in spot shape or point-like, the retention time when therefore needing to adjust the soldering of braze 11.For example, during BAg-8 (JIS Z3261) in adopting the Ag-Cu braze, because the fusion temperature (fusing point) of BAg-8 is at about 780 ℃, therefore preferably from 780 ℃ to 800 ℃ of brazing temperatures, to be defined in 5～40 minutes the retention time, by being set within this range, Ag and Cu are existed with spot shape or point-like in braze 11 inside.
Constitute braze 11 by Ag and Cu, if keep just causing the phase counterdiffusion more than 60 minutes that Ag and Cu form the evenly alloy of fusing easily in brazing temperature.If evenly fusing, then with the spot tissue of switching on selectively along the lower Ag of resistance value relatively, the resistance value of braze inside increases, because of following the heating of braze inside, the bond strength after durable has problems.Therefore, in order in braze, to form the spot tissue of Ag and Cu, preferably will be defined in less than 60 minutes in the retention time of described brazing temperature.In addition, the retention time under the described brazing temperature,, need 5 minutes at least in order fully to melt braze.
In the past,, exceeded above-mentioned scope, so evenly fusing owing to do not adjust the retention time.Figure 12 is in ceramic heater shown in Figure 11, the section photo of the soldering portion that expression braze 111 forms.As braze 111, adopt the Ag-Cu system that constitutes by the metal more than 2 kinds, the braze of Au-Cu system.The section of the braze portion after the soldering, as shown in figure 12, the segregation that the metal that does not occur constituting is formed exists with even metal.In addition, the present invention be by will being adjusted in the above-mentioned scope retention time, drop to be lower than described brazing temperature before even fusing, can access the spot tissue.
In addition,, be lower than 60 minutes, also preferably Ag content be defined in 60～90 weight %, more preferably Ag content is defined in 70～75 weight % except that being defined in the retention time under brazing temperature in order in braze, to form the spot tissue of Ag and Cu.Thus, the fusion temperature of Ag-Cu braze reduces because Ag and Cu become the temperature of liquid phase mutually near eutectic point (Ag and Cu fusion, the temperature that either party does not exist with solid), so can reduce brazing temperature, also reduces the residual stress after the soldering.
So, by forming the spot tissues, when giving ceramic heater 100 power supplies from lead member 10 in braze 11 inside, owing to switch on selectively in the lower Ag side of resistance value, so reduce the resistance value of braze 11, the temperature that suppresses braze 11 raises, and improves the reliability that engages.
In addition, enlarged photograph as the area E among Fig. 6 (near interface of braze and metal carbonyl coat) is Fig. 7, the enlarged photograph of the region D among Fig. 6 (near interface of braze and metal carbonyl coat and braze and lead member) is Fig. 8, the enlarged photograph of the zone C among Fig. 6 (near interface of braze and lead member) is promptly shown in Figure 9, with the interface of braze 11 and metal carbonyl coat 6a, at least the position of either party adjacency at the interface of braze 11 and lead member 10, be preferably formed and be not the spot shape, the metal level of Young's modulus below 180GPa, for example on the braze 11 that constitutes by Ag and Cu, be preferably formed Cu layer 6c.With the Cu layer 6c of the interface adjacency of this braze 11 and metal carbonyl coat 6a, owing to have function, therefore reduce the residual stress of this part as stress relaxation layer with respect to the residual stress after the soldering, improve the bond strength of soldering lead member 7.
In order to form this Cu layer 6c, in advance in metal carbonyl coat 6a and lead member 10 by on soldering and the part that braze 11 contacts, it is effective implementing Cu coating.In Ag and Cu, because the surface tension of Cu one side is little, therefore when soldering, in the part of braze 11 fusings, contact, Cu is wetting selectively easily.Utilize this phenomenon, can form Cu layer 6c at the position of the interface adjacency of metal carbonyl coat 6a that contacts with braze and lead member.
And this Cu layer 6c has concavo-convexly at the opposition side with the interface of metal carbonyl coat 6a, and preferably this concavo-convex thickness is below 10 μ m, and the thickness of Cu layer 6c integral body that preferably includes protuberance is below 20 μ m.Because Cu layer 6c, on the interface of the xenogenesis material that is in contact with it, form concavo-convexly, the concavo-convex effect that has as stress-buffer layer is so improve bond strength after durable.
Herein, as preferred example, the male and fomale(M﹠F) of Cu layer 6c has been described, but the present invention is not limited to Cu, even exist layer whole thickness that has the protuberance below the height 10 μ m and comprise this protuberance on the interface under the situation of the metal level beyond the Cu below the 20 μ m, also can improve the intensity that closely bonds on the interface, can improve the reliability durability.
But, if the thickness of the protuberance of Cu layer more than 10 μ m, comprises the thickness of protuberance more than 20 μ m, then owing to the intensity that closely bonds that reduces braze, so preferably do not adopt.In such cases, the retention time in the fusion temperature of braze, preferably be defined in 5～20 minutes.
But, in metal carbonyl coat 6a and braze 11, because the difference of thermal coefficient of expansion is very big, therefore big residual stress takes place after soldering.Thereby needs reduce the thermal coefficient of expansion of braze.For reducing the thermal coefficient of expansion of braze, the principal component that needs only the little metal carbonyl coat 6a of thermal coefficient of expansion spreads just passable in braze.This can finish by heat-treating after soldering.This heat treatment preferably in the reduction protection atmosphere that contains hydrogen etc., is carried out below the fusion temperature of braze, more preferably carries out at 700 ℃～750 ℃.By this heat treatment, thermal coefficient of expansion is 5.5 * 10
-6/ ℃ below metal or alloy in braze, spread, reduce the thermal coefficient of expansion of braze, improve the intensity behind soldering portion durable.
In addition, preferably, form the coating that is made of Ni on the surface of braze 11, the high temperature durability raising and the corrosion that are used for braze 11 prevent.For making this Ni coating have function as protective layer, the particle diameter that constitutes the crystallization of coating can be defined in below the 10 μ m, can be present in the surface of soldering portion as the coating fine and close, that density is high.If this particle diameter is defined in below the 5 μ m, then Biao Mian coating densification more simultaneously can make the diffusion inside of Ni to braze 11.Because the Young's modulus of Ni is promptly very hard greater than 250Mpa, so Ni to the diffusion of the inside of braze 11, improve the hardness of the inside of braze 11, because the intensity of the inside of braze 11 improves, therefore can improve electrode taking-up portion and braze and lead member the initial stage bond strength and durable after bond strength.Thus, can improve the reliability durability of ceramic heater.
In addition, as coating, preferably adopt the electroless plating Ni of boron system.Electroless kind except that the electroless plating of boron system, the electroless plating of the phosphorus that also can be covered system, but when the possibility of using under hot environment is arranged, the general usually electroless plating Ni plating of implementing boron system.
In addition, Figure 10 is the stereogram that adopts a routine heating iron of ceramic heater 1 of the present invention or ceramic heater 100.This heating iron inserts hair between the armed lever 32 of front end,, pressurize the processing hair by holding handle 31 while heat hair.In the inside of armed lever 32, insert ceramic heater 1 or ceramic heater 100, in the part that directly contacts with hair, the metallic plate, ceramic wafer of metallic plate 33 such as aluminium, coated surfaces etc. are set.In addition, the formation of the cover that is used to prevent the heat resistant plastice system of scalding is equipped with in the outside that is formed on armed lever 32.
Method shown in below utilizing is made ceramic heater of the present invention.
At first, modulation as principal component, contains the SiO of 6 weight % with aluminium oxide (alumina) as sintering adjuvant
2, 2 weight % CaO, the ZrO of 1.5 weight % of MgO, 2 weight %
2Raw material.Adopt the raw material of this modulation, utilize extrusion modling and Cast Strip method, prepare the ceramic core 2 of external diameter 15mm and the ceramic green sheet 23 of thick 800 μ m.
Then, at a side's of ceramic green sheet 23 interarea, conductor 24 and lead-in wire lead division 25 and electrode lead-out part 28 that printing is made of tungsten (W).Then, the back up metal carbonyl coat 26 in the end of electrode taking-up portion 28 then forms the through hole that via hole is used on metal carbonyl coat 26.Then, by in through hole, imbedding the slurry that constitutes by tungsten (W), form via hole 7, connection electrode taking-up portion 28 and metal carbonyl coat 26.
In reduction protection atmosphere, with 1600 ℃ of ceramic bodies 9 that burn till the life of preparation, make its sintering, on the surface of metal carbonyl coat 6a, utilize the no electric field plating that constitutes by Ni to form the coating 6b of thick 5 μ m.
On terminal installing electrodes 6 by the above sample that obtains, soldering lead member 10, but in present embodiment 1, the amount of the braze 11 that variation is made of the Ag braze, carry out the joint of lead member 10, make the lip-deep lining height 18 of braze, different evaluation sample in lead-in wire 20～100% scope highly in lead member 10.Then, to these samples of estimating usefulness, confirm wire-bonded intensity, and the crackle generation ratio at interface after the wire-bonded intensity, thermal cycling test (25C3 minute～400 ℃ 3 minutes) 3000 times at initial stage respectively.
The mensuration of wire-bonded intensity is to take out electrode 6 by relative terminal and measure to vertical direction stretching lead member 10.
Table 1 is illustrated in lip-deep lining zone 18 and the wire-bonded intensity at initial stage and the result of determination of the wire-bonded intensity behind the thermal cycling test (3000 times) of lead member 10.
Table 1
No.1,6 is the samples beyond the scope of the present invention.In addition, the data behind the thermal cycling test in the table are 3000 data after the test of circulation repeated thermal cycles.In addition, the value of " with respect to the lining height of lead-in wire height " in the table 1 is the value that is determined at part highly the highest with respect to the lining of lead-in wire height on the length direction of lead member.
Initial stage wire-bonded intensity is more than 85N, and the wire-bonded intensity behind the thermal cycling test is that the sample of 35～50N is judged to be △, and the sample of 50～60N is judged to be zero, and the above sample of 60N is judged to be ◎.
As seen from Table 1, the lip-deep lining zone 18 of the lead member 10 of No2～5 in the scope of embodiments of the invention 1 is 40～99% sample, and the mean value height of the wire-bonded intensity behind initial stage and the thermal cycling test obtains good result.Wherein, the lip-deep lining zone 18 of the lead member 10 of No3～5 is 60～99% sample, obtains extraordinary result.
But, the lip-deep lining zone 18 of the lead member 10 of the No1 of comparative example is 20% sample, wire-bonded intensity behind initial stage and the thermal cycling test is low, the lip-deep lining zone 18 of the lead member 10 of No6 is 100% sample, the wire-bonded intensity height at initial stage, but the wire-bonded intensity behind the thermal cycling test reduces.
The lip-deep lining zone 18 of the lead member 10 of the No2 of embodiments of the invention 1～5 is 40～99% sample, because the crackle on the no interface, so think that the reduction of wire-bonded intensity is little.
But, in the lining zone 18 of as a comparative example No6 is 100% sample,, think that wire-bonded intensity reduces owing to crack at the interface.
Crackle in the generation on the interface thinks that difference because of the thermal coefficient of expansion of lead member 10 and braze 11 takes place.Therefore, think that overlay area 18 is 100% test, the difficult stress that produces because of coefficient of thermal expansion differences that relaxes cracks at the interface easily.
In addition, confirmed wire-bonded intensity, the relation of ceramic heater between the lead member surface temperature of 800 ℃ of adstante febres behind occupation rate, initial stage and the thermal cycling test of the emptying aperture on the size interface of the emptying aperture 13 that takes place on the interface.Result of determination is as shown in table 2, and initial stage wire-bonded intensity is more than 85N, and the wire-bonded intensity behind the thermal cycling test is that the sample of 35～50N is judged to be △, and the sample of 50～60N is judged to be zero, and the above sample of 60N is judged to be ◎.
Table 2
It below all is the sample of lining height 60%.
The emptying aperture 13 that takes place at the interface of No13～15 of embodiments of the invention 1 and 17～19 is of a size of 0.1～200 μ m, the occupation rate of the emptying aperture 13 at interface is 20～40% scope, wire-bonded intensity behind the thermal cycling test reaches more than the 60N, obtains extraordinary result.
In addition, the emptying aperture 13 that the interface of No9～11 takes place is of a size of 0.1～200 μ m, and the occupation rate of the emptying aperture 13 at interface is 0.1～20% scope, obtains wire-bonded intensity behind the thermal cycling test in the extraordinary result of 50～60N.Think that this is that the lead member surface temperature reduces event owing to be positioned at the heat conduction that the emptying aperture 13 on the interface hinders from ceramic body 9.
But, think that No7 is owing to lead member surface temperature height, so the wire-bonded intensity behind the thermal cycling test reduces; Think No20～23rd, because the occupation rate of the emptying aperture 13 in the interface is greater than 50%, though therefore the lead member surface temperature reaches below-20 ℃, bond strength reduces; Think No12, the 16th, because the size of emptying aperture 13 is greater than 250 μ m, so wire-bonded intensity reduces.
In addition, make the temperature and time that engages by changing, change from the interface to the diffusion layer sample of 14 distance, wire-bonded intensity behind mensuration initial stage and the thermal cycling test, the result is as shown in table 3, and initial stage wire-bonded intensity is more than the 85N, and the wire-bonded intensity behind the thermal cycling test is that the sample of 35～50N is judged to be △, the sample of 50～60N is judged to be zero, and the above sample of 60N is judged to be ◎.
Table 3
Distance from the interface of No26～29 of embodiments of the invention 1 to diffusion layer 14 is the scope of 3～30 μ m, and the wire-bonded intensity behind the thermal cycling test obtains extraordinary result up to more than the 60N.In addition, the distance from the interface of No25 to diffusion layer 14 is the size of 0.1 μ m, and the wire-bonded intensity behind the thermal cycling test is 50～60N, obtains good result.Think that this is that the interface changes to chemical bond from physical engagement owing to the composition by lead member spreads to braze, so wire-bonded intensity improves.
But the No24 that does not have diffusion layer fully is that the wire-bonded intensity behind initial stage and the thermal cycling test is low; The No30 that the thick diffusion layer 14 of 45 μ m is arranged, because the composition of lead member spread in a large number to braze 11, so the hardness of braze 11 increases, crackles take place in braze 11 behind the thermal cycling test, the reduction of wire-bonded intensity.
In addition, the arithmetic mean surface roughness Ra of the lead member 10 that mensuration is used to engage and the wire-bonded intensity behind initial stage and the thermal cycling test, the result is as shown in table 4, initial stage wire-bonded intensity is more than the 85N, and the wire-bonded intensity behind the thermal cycling test is that the sample of 35～50N is judged to be △, the sample of 50～60N is judged to be zero, and the above sample of 60N is judged to be ◎.
Table 4
After the so-called thermal cycle, be to carry out the data behind the thermal cycling test 3000 times.
The arithmetic mean surface roughness Ra of the lead member 10 of the No32 of embodiments of the invention 1～37 is the scope of 0.05～5 μ m, and the wire-bonded intensity behind the thermal cycling test obtains extraordinary result up to more than the 60N.Draw from evaluation result, arithmetic mean surface roughness Ra increase along with lead member 10, the tendency that generates diffusion layer 14 easily from the interface is arranged, along with the arithmetic mean surface roughness Ra of lead member 10 increases, the tendency that has the wire-bonded intensity behind the thermal cycling test to increase by anchor effect.
But, think that No31 is, because 14 distance is little from the interface to the diffusion layer, the arithmetic mean surface roughness Ra of lead member 10 is little, thereby can not obtain sufficient anchor effect, therefore the wire-bonded intensity behind the thermal cycling test is low, No38 is, distance from the interface to the diffusion layer is 9 μ m, have sufficient wire-bonded intensity, but, therefore pass through thermal cycling test because the arithmetic mean surface roughness Ra of lead member 10 is 7 μ m, from the surperficial running crack of lead member 10, therefore just destroyed in the mode that lead-in wire cuts off with 36N.
With Al
2O
3Be principal component, adjust SiO in interior mode to amount to 10 weight %
2, CaO, MgO, ZrO
2, make raw cook with scraping blade (doctor blade) legal system, printing constitutes slurry by W on the surface of this raw cook, forms conductor 4 and electrode taking-up portion 12.
In addition, utilize extrinsion pressing, make columned formed body, connect airtight the potsherd that package is printed with conductor 4 on columned formed body, burn till in 1600 ℃ reduction protection gas, each prepares 20 ceramic heaters 100.
Then, on the surface of electrode taking-up portion 12, implement the no electric field Ni plating of thick 5 μ m, in addition, coating is the slurry of principal component with W in electrode taking-up portion 12, sintering in vacuum furnace.
Then, adopt the Ag-Cu braze, soldering is as the Ni silk of the Φ 1.0mm of lead member.
At this moment, soldering condition separate provision is a brazing temperature: 780 ℃, 800 ℃, 820 ℃, and the retention time: 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 40 minutes, 60 minutes, implement soldering.
Then, the durability in order to confirm to use is continuously measured the tensile strength at initial stage and 400 ℃ * 800 hours tensile strength after the energising continuously.Tension test is by to the end of the direction stretching lead member 4 vertical with the interarea of ceramic heater 100, measures its peel strength.In addition, with each group (lot) 2 section of electron microscope observation, confirm the tissue of braze inside.Table 5 illustrates its result.
Table 5
| No. | Brazing temperature (℃) | Temperature retention time (minute) | Initial stage tensile strength (N) | Durable back tensile strength (N) | The braze internal waviness | The layer at braze interface |
| *39 | 780 | 5 | 340 | 178 | Do not have | The Ag/Cu alloy |
| 40 | 780 | 10 | 345 | 303 | Have | Cu |
| 41 | 780 | 40 | 342 | 311 | Have | Cu |
| *42 | 780 | 60 | 339 | 188 | Do not have | The Ag/Cu alloy |
| *43 | 800 | 5 | 338 | 191 | Do not have | The Ag/Cu alloy |
| 44 | 800 | 10 | 341 | 307 | Have | Cu |
| 45 | 800 | 40 | 345 | 305 | Have | Cu |
| *46 | 800 | 60 | 337 | 183 | Do not have | The Ag/Cu alloy |
| *47 | 820 | 5 | 344 | 188 | Do not have | The Ag/Cu alloy |
| 48 | 820 | 10 | 348 | 302 | Have | Cu |
| 49 | 820 | 40 | 339 | 307 | Have | Cu |
| *50 | 820 | 60 | 343 | 173 | Do not have | The Ag/Cu alloy |
Herein, the layer at so-called braze interface, be meant the interface between metal carbonyl coat and braze, and lead member and braze between the interface on layer.
In addition,
*The sample of mark is the outer sample of the scope of the invention.
As seen from Table 5, cannot see the No.39,42,43,46,47, the 50th of the spot tissue of Fig. 7～shown in Figure 9,, the tensile strength after the fatigue test drops to below the 200N.To this, find the No.40,41,44,45,48,49 of the spot tissue of Fig. 7～shown in Figure 9, obtain the high-tensile more than the 300N.
Claims (7)
1. ceramic heater is characterized in that:
Possess: ceramic body, the conductor of establishing in it has and with the metal carbonyl coat of this conductor conducting; Lead member, it engages with described metal carbonyl coat by braze,
Described braze is to contain the metal more than 2 kinds and constitute, and this metal more than 2 kinds exists with discernible state in described braze,
In the described metal more than 2 kinds a kind is that Young's modulus is the 1st a following metal of 180GPa, and the 1st metal is arranged at least one side's the boundary portion of the boundary portion of the boundary portion of described braze and described lead member and described braze and described metal carbonyl coat.
2. ceramic heater as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the coating that also comprises described the 1st metal that is provided in the part that described metal carbonyl coat and described lead member contact with braze by soldering.
3. ceramic heater as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described metal more than 2 kinds is to select from the group that is made of the 10th family's metal the periodic table of elements and 11 family's metals.
4. ceramic heater as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described the 1st metal is possessing concaveconvex structure with the interface of described lead member or at the opposition side with the interface of described metal carbonyl coat, and the height of this protuberance is below the 10 μ m, comprises the whole thickness of the layer of this protuberance below 20 μ m.
5. ceramic heater as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described metal carbonyl coat is to contain thermal coefficient of expansion 5.5 * 10 as principal component
-6/ ℃ below metal and constitute, this metal spreads in braze.
6. ceramic heater as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: spread Ni in described braze.
7. heating iron is characterized in that: mechanism adopts as any one described ceramic heater in the claim 1～6 as heating.
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| CN105195847A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2015-12-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Multi-scale combined method for improving high hard and brittle ceramic base material soldering connection strength |
| CN105195846A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2015-12-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Multi-scale combined method for improving strength of soldered joint made of conductive ceramic base materials |
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| US8604396B2 (en) * | 2007-10-29 | 2013-12-10 | Kyocera Corporation | Ceramic heater, oxygen sensor and hair iron that use the ceramic heater |
| JP6679511B2 (en) * | 2016-07-05 | 2020-04-15 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Ceramic heater |
| CN113927126B (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-05-17 | 成都和鸿科技股份有限公司 | Tool for plugging blade fabrication hole and plugging method thereof |
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| JP2000268944A (en) * | 1998-08-03 | 2000-09-29 | Denso Corp | Ceramic heater, its manufacture, and gas sensor |
| CN1279791C (en) * | 2003-04-16 | 2006-10-11 | 邓泰均 | Method of manufacturing new type heating elements |
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| CN105195846A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2015-12-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Multi-scale combined method for improving strength of soldered joint made of conductive ceramic base materials |
| CN105195846B (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2017-04-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Multi-scale combined method for improving strength of soldered joint made of conductive ceramic base materials |
| CN105195847A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2015-12-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Multi-scale combined method for improving high hard and brittle ceramic base material soldering connection strength |
| CN105195847B (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2017-04-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Multi-scale combined method for improving high hard and brittle ceramic base material soldering connection strength |
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