CN101586674B - 一种下装式塑料球阀 - Google Patents

一种下装式塑料球阀 Download PDF

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CN101586674B
CN101586674B CN2009100404767A CN200910040476A CN101586674B CN 101586674 B CN101586674 B CN 101586674B CN 2009100404767 A CN2009100404767 A CN 2009100404767A CN 200910040476 A CN200910040476 A CN 200910040476A CN 101586674 B CN101586674 B CN 101586674B
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valve
face
ball
valve body
seal ring
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CN101586674A (zh
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杨继跃
黄虹宾
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Guangdong Liansu Valve Co ltd
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Guangdong Liansu Technology Industrial Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2009/073420 priority patent/WO2010148585A1/zh
Priority to US13/320,349 priority patent/US8807530B2/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K5/00—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary
    • F16K5/06—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary with plugs having spherical surfaces; Packings therefor
    • F16K5/0626—Easy mounting or dismounting means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K27/00—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor
    • F16K27/06—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of taps or cocks
    • F16K27/067—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of taps or cocks with spherical plugs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/02—Welded joints; Adhesive joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/128—Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5224—Joining tubular articles for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/542—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles joining hollow covers or hollow bottoms to open ends of container bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/748—Machines or parts thereof not otherwise provided for
    • B29L2031/7506—Valves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/598—With repair, tapping, assembly, or disassembly means
    • Y10T137/6031—Assembling or disassembling rotary valve
    • Y10T137/6035—Rotary ball valve
    • Y10T137/6038—Particular valve seat or interface seal

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Valve Housings (AREA)
  • Taps Or Cocks (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种下装式塑料球阀，包括阀杆帽(1)、阀杆(2)、阀杆密封圈(3)、阀杆端面密封圈(4)、阀球密封圈(5)、阀球密封圈支撑环(6)、阀球(7)、接管(8)、阀体(9)，阀体(9)内部设有中空的阀球室(911)，其特征在于所述阀体(9)在阀球室(911)正下方开有一个阀底盖孔(912)，该阀底盖孔(912)的宽度大于阀球(7)的直径，球阀还包括阀底盖(10)，所述阀底盖(10)与阀底盖孔(912)相对应，阀底盖(10)盖住阀底盖孔(912)并与阀体(9)相互熔接。

Description

一种下装式塑料球阀
技术领域
本发明属于塑料球阀领域，特别是涉及一种下装式塑料球阀。
技术背景
随着塑料材质的燃气管道的广泛使用，作为组成管路系统的需要，美国率先研制生产了塑料球阀并大量应用于塑料燃气管路系统。人们逐渐认识到塑料球阀在性能/价格方面的优越性，并逐渐开始使用塑料球阀代替金属球阀。
现有的塑料球阀中，小口径球阀均采用热熔焊接成整体，大口径球阀采用电熔工艺焊接。热熔焊接工艺简单，成本低，精度也相对低；电熔焊接工艺复杂，成本高。
在热熔焊接的阀门结构上，目前普遍采用整体式侧装结构，即球体、阀杆、一侧密封圈从阀体一端装入，该端的直径大于或等于阀球室的直径；另一个密封圈装在接管座上，阀体与接管座依靠阀体装入球体一侧的较大直径的内圆柱面和接管座的外圆柱面热熔或电熔焊接成整体式球阀。阀杆依靠其上的扣位与阀杆帽扣接，而阀杆帽又通过扣位与阀体扣接。两个密封圈分别固定在阀体和接管座上。装配时，先将阀杆帽通过扣位与阀体扣接，再将一只密封圈及其支撑环通过阀体直径较大一端装入密封圈及支撑环槽，然后从阀体直径较大一端装入阀杆，使阀杆上的扣位口入阀杆帽的扣位中，再然后装入阀球；将密封圈安装在阀体密封圈安装环和接管座密封环上，接下来在热熔机上加热并熔化阀体承插部位的内圆柱面和接管座的外圆柱面，当两个圆柱面熔化到一定厚度时，将接管座插入阀体承插部位到一定深度，保压并使其逐渐冷却。
这种结构的缺点如下：
一、在阀杆底部有一个端面，在该端面上通过开在端面上的环形槽安装有O形密封圈，相应地在阀体上也铣出一个与阀杆垂直的平面，阀杆上的扣位与阀杆帽上的扣位需保证使阀杆保持一个适当的指向阀体外部的力，使阀杆端面O形密封圈能够以适当的压紧力形成对阀杆的端面密封。但该结构通过两个位于三个零件上的扣位，达到设计压紧力，给制造和装配带来较大困难；
二、阀体与接管座的承插深度直接影响两个密封面的轴向间距，影响预先压紧力。承插深度大，预紧力大，开启和关闭阀门的扭矩大，对密封面的磨损大；承插深度小，密封面预紧力小，存在内漏隐患。并且在承插过程中很难保证阀体与接管座的中心线重合，经常性的现象是，这两条中心线不重合，并且成一定角度，使密封圈与球体的压紧力在整个密封带上不均匀；
三、从制造角度来看，由于两个密封圈分别位于阀体和接管座上，加工密封圈安装环的工艺定位面分别位于这两个零件上，因此，两个密封圈安装环的装配后的轴向距离因为制造定位面，就存在一定的误差。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的缺陷，提出了一种下装一体式的阀体结构。
为了实现上述发明目的，采用的技术方案如下：
一种下装式塑料球阀，包括阀杆帽、阀杆、阀杆密封圈、阀杆端面密封圈、阀球密封圈、阀球密封圈支撑环、阀球、接管、阀体，阀体内部设有中空的阀球室，所述阀体在阀球室正下方开有一个阀底盖孔，该阀底盖孔的宽度大于阀球的直径，球阀还包括阀底盖，所述阀底盖与阀底盖孔相对应，阀底盖盖住阀底盖孔并与阀体相互熔接。
本发明的塑料球阀的一个重要特征就是在阀球室正下方开有一个阀底盖孔，用来安装两个阀球密封圈和阀球，通过阀底盖盖住阀底盖孔并采用热熔形成端面焊接，避免大口径球阀需要电熔焊接工艺。
上述技术方案中，所述阀底盖孔平行于阀体的轴线，且阀底盖孔的形状为正方形或长方形或圆形或椭圆形。
所述阀底盖孔的周围设置有一个环形平面作为阀底盖熔胶面，所述阀底盖熔胶面平行于阀体的轴线，阀体通过该阀底盖熔胶面与阀底盖之间通过热熔形成端面焊接。
作为另一种结构，所述阀底盖孔的四周设置有一个圆锥面作为阀底盖熔胶面，该阀底盖熔胶面的轴线垂直于阀体的轴线，所述阀体通过该阀底盖熔胶面与阀底盖之间通过热熔形成端面焊接。
所述阀体的左右两端各设有一个接管座，所述接管座与接管熔焊的一侧设置有一个外端面环，该外端面环与阀体的轴线垂直，所述阀体通过该外端面环与接管通过热熔形成端面焊接。该外端面环与阀体的轴线垂直，因外端面环靠近阀球室，有利于利用数控车床车削阀球密封圈安装槽和密封圈支撑环安装槽，并且该外端面环的另一个重要作用是与接管通过热熔形成端面焊接，避免大口径球阀只能利用电熔焊接工艺。
所述接管设置有与阀体热熔焊接的熔接面，所述熔接面为环状端面或圆锥面，并与阀体的外端面环为环形平面或圆锥面相对应。
所述阀体的阀球室两侧分别设置有阀球密封圈安装环和阀球密封圈支撑环定位端面。在阀体的阀球室两侧分别加工有阀球密封圈安装环和密封圈支撑环定位端面，即两个阀球密封圈及两只阀球密封圈支撑环均安装在阀体上，这与现有球阀的两个阀球密封圈的安装方式和位置不相同，现有的两个阀球密封圈中，一个从阀体一端装入，另一个装在接管座上。
所述阀球室是一个与阀体同轴心的内圆柱面，并在阀底盖孔处有一部分缺失，所述阀底盖设有补足该缺失的阀球室内圆柱面，阀体上还设有与阀球密封圈的外圆柱面相配合的内圆柱面，该内圆柱面为与阀体同心的圆环形，且所述内圆柱面在阀体上有一部分缺失，所述阀底盖设有补足该缺失的阀球密封圈内圆柱面。
所述阀底盖由阀球室内圆柱面、阀球密封圈内圆柱面、熔焊端面、阀底盖轴向定位端面、阀底盖径向定位柱面组成，所述阀球室内圆柱面与阀球室内圆柱面一起构成完整的阀球内圆柱面，所述阀球密封圈内圆柱面与密封圈内圆柱面一起构成完整的阀球密封圈径向定位的内圆柱环，所述熔焊端面与阀底盖熔胶面通过热熔焊接在一起，其轮廓形状与阀底盖熔胶面相同，所述阀底盖轴向定位端面与熔焊端面平行，与阀体上的阀底盖轴向定位面相配合，其形状与阀底盖轴向定位面相同，对阀底盖轴向限位，所述阀底盖径向定位柱面与阀体上的环向定位面相配合，对阀底盖径向限位。
本发明的装配过程如下：
首先通过阀底盖孔将一只阀杆轴向密封圈与一只阀杆端面密封圈装入阀体上相应的密封圈槽安装槽中，然后装入阀杆，使阀杆与阀体上的轴向限位扣位相扣合；将两只阀球密封圈通过阀底盖孔装入阀体上相应的密封圈安装槽中，然后通过阀底盖孔将球体装入阀球室中，接下来将两只阀球密封圈支撑环分别从阀体左右压入阀体；下一步通过热熔将阀底盖、两只接管与阀体熔焊在一起；最后安装上阀杆帽。
本发明通过将球体采用下装结构，并使两只阀球密封圈直接安装在阀体上，能够精确控制两只密封圈的轴向距离，从而有效控制密封面的预紧力和阀杆的扭转力矩，可以大大减小目前技术中，因不能有效控制密封圈轴向距离而产生内漏和扭转力矩过大导致的产品合格率低的问题。并且由于阀底盖与阀体、接管与阀体的熔焊全部采用端面热熔焊接或圆锥面热熔焊接，避免了当阀门口径较大时只能采用电熔焊接这一较高成本和较复杂熔接工艺。
附图说明
图1是本发明的PE球阀整体结构图；
图2是本发明的PE球阀阀体结构图；
图3是本发明的PE球阀又一阀体结构图；
图4是本发明的PE球阀阀杆结构图；
图5是本发明的PE球阀密封圈支撑圈结构图；
图6是本发明的PE球阀阀底盖结构图；
图7是本发明的PE球阀阀杆帽结构图；
图8是本发明的PE球阀接管结构图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的说明。
参照附图1所示的PE球阀整体结构图。本发明的塑料球阀由阀杆帽1、阀杆2、阀杆密封圈3、阀杆端面密封圈4、阀球密封圈5、阀球密封圈支撑环6、阀球7、接管8、阀体9、阀底盖10构成。
参照附图2、附图3所示的PE球阀阀体结构图。所述阀体9整体上为内有一系列圆柱形孔的圆柱体，这些圆柱形孔彼此连通，其轴线与阀体圆柱体的轴向相重合。所示阀体9包括阀底盖熔胶面91、阀底盖环向定位面94、阀底盖轴向定位面95、与阀球密封圈5配合的内圆柱面92、阀球密封圈安装环槽93、阀球密封圈支撑环轴向定位环端面96、接管轴向定位环端面97、接管径向定位面98、容胶槽99、与接管8熔焊用的熔胶端面910、阀球室911、阀底盖孔912、阀杆环端面943、阀杆端面密封圈安装槽946、阀杆轴向定位扣位凹槽945、阀杆帽限位凸环949、阀杆帽限位圆柱面9412、阀杆轴孔9410、阀杆轴向密封圈安装槽944。
所述阀体9的阀球室911是一个与阀体同轴心的内圆柱面，内圆柱面在阀底盖孔912处有一部分缺失，缺失的部分位于阀底盖10上，其与阀底盖10的阀球室内圆柱面101一起构成完整的阀球内。所述阀底盖孔912为圆形、或正方形、或长方形、并与阀球室911相通。
所述阀体9上与阀球密封圈5的外圆柱面相配合的内圆柱面92为与阀体同心的圆环形，内圆柱面92在阀体9上有一部分缺失，缺失的部分位于阀底盖10上，与阀底盖10的阀球密封圈内圆柱面102一起构成完整的阀球密封圈径向定位的内圆柱环。
所述阀杆环端面943平行于阀体9的轴线、并垂直于阀杆轴孔9410、阀杆环端面943开有安装阀杆端面密封圈4的安装槽946，该安装槽946的轴线与阀杆轴孔9410的轴线重合。
所述阀杆轴向定位扣位凹槽945为正方形、或长方形、或三角形的环行凹槽，其轴线与阀杆轴孔9410的轴线重合。
所述阀杆帽限位圆柱面9412与阀杆轴孔9410同心，在其上部有一个截面为或圆形、或方形、或椭圆形、或菱形的环状凸起，即阀杆帽限位凸环949，所述阀杆帽限位凸环949与阀杆帽1的扣位槽15配合，对阀杆帽1起限位作用。
所述阀底盖熔胶面91为内外轮廓为长方形、或正方形、或圆形、或椭圆形的平面或圆锥面，熔胶面91为平面时，该平面平行于阀体9的轴线，当熔胶面91为圆锥面时，该圆锥面的轴线垂直于阀体9的轴线，并与阀体的外圆柱面的法线重合。熔胶面91用来与阀底盖10上的熔焊端面107通过热熔使得阀底盖10与阀体9焊接在一起。
所述阀体9的阀球密封圈安装环93为一个截面为方形的圆环，用来定位阀球密封圈5的轴向。所述密封圈支撑环轴向定位环端面96为一个与阀体轴线垂直的平面环，用来对阀体9的密封圈支撑环6的轴向进行定位。
所述阀体9的接管轴向定位环端面97为一个与阀体轴线垂直的环形平面，用来定位接管8的轴向。所述阀体9的接管径向定位面98为与阀体同心的内圆柱面，用来定位接管8的径向。
所述阀底盖轴向定位面95为环状平面，其中心线与环向定位面94的中心线重合，用来与阀底盖10的轴向定位端面108配合，对阀底盖10起轴向限位作用。
所述阀杆端面密封圈安装槽946为圆环形凹槽，位于阀杆环端面943上；所述阀杆轴向定位扣位凹槽945位于阀杆轴孔9410上，与阀杆2的轴向定位扣位24相扣合，限制阀杆2的轴向运动；所述阀杆轴向密封圈安装槽944位于阀杆轴孔9410上；阀杆轴向定位扣位凹槽945、阀杆轴孔9410、阀杆帽限位凸环949、阀杆帽限位圆柱面9412、阀杆轴向密封圈安装槽944的轴线均重合，且垂直于阀体1的轴线，并与阀底盖10的轴线重合。
参照附图4的阀杆结构图。所述阀杆2由阀球拨动块21、阀杆端面密封环22、端面密封平面23、阀杆轴向定位扣位24、阀杆圆柱段25、阀杆扭力段26构成。所述阀杆端面密封环22为一个与阀杆2同轴心的圆柱环，所述阀杆端面密封平面23位于阀杆端面密封环22上，并与阀杆2的轴线垂直；所述阀杆轴向定位扣位24位于阀杆圆柱段25上，与阀杆圆柱段25同轴心，并凸出于阀杆圆柱段25，阀杆轴向定位扣位24的横截面为与圆柱段25同轴心的圆锥形，其最大底面为靠近阀杆端面密封环22并与阀杆轴线垂直的平面。阀杆轴向定位扣位24与阀体9上的阀杆轴向定位扣位凹槽945相配合，限制阀杆2朝向阀球方向的距离。所述阀杆2的阀杆扭力段26为在与阀杆2同轴心的、直径小于阀杆圆柱段25的一段圆柱体上沿着阀杆轴线方向切成的两个平行平面，用来与阀杆帽1中的扭力孔配合，给阀杆一个力矩，带动阀球旋转。
参照附图5所示的阀球密封圈支撑环的结构图。支撑环6总体上是圆柱环形，内环面由两个圆锥面61与67和一个圆柱面构成，这两个圆锥面与一个圆柱面的轴心重合并与两个外圆柱面63、65重合。装配后靠近阀球处有一个圆锥面62。外圆柱面63与阀球密封圈5的内圆柱面配合。环端面64与阀体9上的环端面96相配和，用来对支撑环6进行轴向定位。在远离阀球处还有一个环形端面66，与接管8的支撑圈轴向定位端面83配合。
参照附图6所示的阀底盖结构图。阀底盖10主要由阀球室内圆柱面101、阀球密封圈内圆柱面102、熔焊端面107、阀底盖轴向定位端面108、阀底盖径向定位柱面1011组成。所述阀球室内圆柱面101与阀体9的阀球室内圆柱面911一起构成完整的阀球内圆柱面；所述阀球密封圈内圆柱面102与阀体9的密封圈内圆柱面92一起构成完整的阀球密封圈径向定位的内圆柱环。所述熔焊端面107的轴线与阀体上阀杆轴孔轴线重合，用来与阀体9上的阀底盖熔胶面91通过热熔工艺焊接在一起，其轮廓形状与阀体9上的阀底盖熔胶面91相同。所述阀底盖轴向定位端面108与熔焊端面107平行，与阀体9上的阀底盖轴向定位面95相配合，其形状尺寸与阀底盖轴向定位面95相同，对阀底盖10起轴向限位作用。所述阀底盖径向定位柱面1011的轴心与阀杆轴孔的轴心重合，与阀体9上的环向定位面94相配合，对阀底盖10起径向限位作用。
参照附图7所示的阀杆帽结构图。图中包括阀杆帽1的四分之一剖视轴侧图(c)、剖面图(a)、以及A部放大图(b)。所述阀杆帽1由阀杆扭力六棱柱18、阀杆帽旋转限位块16、帽口圆锥面11、与阀杆扭力段26相配合的扭力孔17、旋转限位块16与扭力孔17交界的端面110构成。所述扣位槽15的截面为方形、或椭圆形、或圆形、或三角形，其轴线与扭力孔17、帽口圆锥面11的轴线重合。所述扣位槽15靠近帽口的壁面与帽口圆锥面11通过圆弧面12、圆柱面13、圆弧面14在连接处相切，形成顺滑的曲面，便于使阀体9的阀杆帽限位凸环949顺畅进入扣位槽15，避免在进入时破坏阀杆帽限位凸环949。所述扭力孔17由两个相互平行的平面与两个同直径并相对的圆弧柱面构成。
参照附图8所示的接管结构图。接管8整体上为截面为圆形的回转体，包括管身85、对阀球密封圈支撑环6进行轴向限位的支撑圈轴向定位端面83、径向限位圆柱面82、熔焊端面81、容胶槽84构成。所述限位环端面83与支撑环6的环形端面66相接触，对支撑环6进行轴向限位。所述熔焊面81为垂直于管身85轴线的环形平面或与管身85轴线重合的圆锥面，用来与阀体9上的接管8熔胶面910通过热熔焊接在一起。所述容胶槽为一个环形槽，其横截面形状可以是方形、长方形、圆形、或其他形状，用来容纳热熔承插过程中多余的熔态塑料。

Claims (6)

1.一种下装式塑料球阀，包括阀杆帽(1)、阀杆(2)、阀杆密封圈(3)、阀杆端面密封圈(4)、阀球密封圈(5)、阀球密封圈支撑环(6)、阀球(7)、接管(8)、阀体(9)，阀体(9)内部设有中空的阀球室(911)，其特征在于所述阀体(9)在阀球室(911)正下方开有一个阀底盖孔(912)，该阀底盖孔(912)的宽度大于阀球(7)的直径，球阀还包括阀底盖(10)，所述阀底盖(10)与阀底盖孔(912)相对应，阀底盖(10)盖住阀底盖孔(912)并与阀体(9)相互熔接，所述阀体(9)的左右两端各设有一个接管座，所述接管座与接管(8)熔焊的一侧设置有一个外端面环(910)，该外端面环(910)与阀体(9)的轴线垂直，所述阀体(9)通过该外端面环(910)与接管(8)通过热熔形成端面焊接，阀体(9)的阀球室(911)两侧分别设置有阀球密封圈安装环和阀球密封圈支撑环定位端面，所述阀球室(911)是一个与阀体(9)同轴心的内圆柱面，并在阀底盖孔(912)处有一部分缺失，所述阀底盖(10)设有补足该缺失的阀球室内圆柱面(101)，阀体(9)上还设有与阀球密封圈(5)的外圆柱面相配合的密封圈内圆柱面(92)，该密封圈内圆柱面(92)为与阀体(9)同心的圆环形，且所述密封圈内圆柱面(92)在阀体(9)上有一部分缺失，所述阀底盖(10)设有补足该缺失的阀球密封圈内圆柱面(102)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的下装式塑料球阀，其特征在于所述阀底盖孔(912)平行于阀体(9)的轴线，且阀底盖孔(912)的形状为正方形或长方形或圆形或椭圆形。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的下装式塑料球阀，其特征在于所述阀底盖孔(912)的周围设置有一个环形平面作为阀底盖熔胶面(91)，所述阀底盖熔胶面(91)平行于阀体(9)的轴线，阀体(9)通过该阀底盖熔胶面(91)与阀底盖(10)之间通过热熔形成端面焊接。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的下装式塑料球阀，其特征在于所述阀底盖孔(912)的四周设置有一个圆锥面作为阀底盖熔胶面(91)，该阀底盖熔胶面(91)的轴线垂直于阀体(9)的轴线，所述阀体(9)通过该阀底盖熔胶面(91)与阀底盖(10)之间通过热熔形成端面焊接。
5.根据权利要求1所述的下装式塑料球阀，其特征在于所述接管(8)设置有与阀体(9)热熔焊接的熔接面(81)，所述熔接面(81)为环状端面或圆锥面，并与阀体(9)的外端面环(910)为环形平面或圆锥面相对应。
6.根据权利要求1所述的下装式塑料球阀，其特征在于所述阀底盖(10)由阀球室内圆柱面(101)、阀球密封圈内圆柱面(102)、熔焊端面(107)、阀底盖轴向定位端面(108)、阀底盖径向定位柱面(1011)组成，所述阀球室内圆柱面(101)与阀球室(911)的内圆柱面一起构成完整的阀球内圆柱面，所述阀球密封圈内圆柱面(102)与密封圈内圆柱面(92)一起构成完整的阀球密封圈径向定位的内圆柱环，所述熔焊端面(107)与阀底盖熔胶面(91)通过热熔焊接在一起，其轮廓形状与阀底盖熔胶面(91)相同，所述阀底盖轴向定位端面(108)与熔焊端面(107)平行，与阀体(9)上的阀底盖轴向定位面(95)相配合，其形状与阀底盖轴向定位面(95)相同，对阀底盖(10)轴向限位，所述阀底盖径向定位柱面(1011)与阀体(9)上的环向定位面(94)相配合，对阀底盖(10)径向限位。
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