CN101585970A - Polyolefin wood-plastic composite with low rate of water absorption - Google Patents
Polyolefin wood-plastic composite with low rate of water absorption Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a polyolefin wood-plastic composite with low rate of water absorption, which is prepared by main raw materials including modified plant fiber and modified plastic; by the modification of the plant fiber and the plastic, the invention can prepare wood-plastic composite with rate of water absorption that is much lower than that of normal wood-plastic composite, contributing to preventing mildew, decay and water-absorbing deformation of the wood-plastic composite and improving freezing and fusion resistance thereof; drying oil has excellent antiseptic and mildew-proof resistance and can prominently ameliorate the freezing and fusion resistance of the wood-plastic composite after being absorbed by the plant fiber; on account of the modification of the plant fiber and the plastic, the obtained wood-plastic composite has mechanical strength that is uncommonly higher than general wood-plastic composite, and has the advantages of low rate of water absorption, high content of plant fiber powder, good artificial effect of appearance, high strength, low cost and the like.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of polyolefin wood-plastic composite of low water absorption, being specially a kind of is the polyolefin wood-plastic composite of a kind of low water absorption of main raw material preparation with agriculture and forestry organic waste material and waste or used plastics.
(2) background technology
Wood plastic composite (Wood-Plastic Composites, be called for short WPC) be to be main raw material with plant fiber powder and plastics, add a small amount of coupling agent and other additive again, adopt high temperature to extrude a kind of outward appearance of (or injection moulding, compacting etc.) method of forming preparation and the advanced composite material that performance classes is similar to natural timber, its product mainly is used as the substitute of natural timber.
The used plant fiber powder of preparation wood plastic composite is mainly agriculture and forestry organic waste material, as wood powder, bamboo powder, chaff powder, agricultural crop straw powder etc.; Used plastics are mainly waste and old thermoplastics, as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) etc.The exploitation wood plastic composite helps agriculture and forestry organic waste material and comprehensive utilization of waste plastics and curbs environmental pollution; help alleviating the pressure that is becoming tight timber day and reduce Deforestation, this is for current environment protection and build a conservation-minded society and have great importance.Therefore, in recent years, the industrialization of wood plastic composite and application and development have obtained extensive attention and fast development.
An extremely important application of wood plastic composite is that the substitute as timber is widely used as outdoor building materials and outdoor decoration material, as outdoor flooring, fence, balcony, wayside pavilion, trestle, passage waterborne, open-air chair, motorway soundproof wall, floor, seashore, flower case, garden landscape etc.The water-intake rate of these wood plastic composites must be very low, if water-intake rate is higher, produce a series of problems out of doors in the environment: as the back rotten performance of anti-fungi that absorbs water reduces, wood powder in the material is easily mouldy, rotten, the freeze-thawing resistant bad stability, suction back physical strength significantly descends, or the like.
Some early stage researchs are thought, because the vegetable fibre in the wood plastic composite is by plastic overmold, the water-intake rate of wood plastic composite quite low (as＜1%), therefore, early stage people declared once that wood plastic composite did not absorb water, not mouldy, without putrefaction, and the result does not cause enough attention to the water-intake rate that how to reduce wood plastic composite.But, after wood plastic composite has passed through a large amount of practical applications in recent years, it is found that: during using out of doors, general wood plastic composite has more mouldy, rotten, suction back intensity reduction, even the suction strain cracking etc.
This is that this moment, the wood plastic composite suction did not reach capacity because the wood plastic composite water-intake rate data of early stage report are to measure down in the short time (as 24h) of absorbent time.Recent research (comprising the research of present inventor to domestic and international various wood plastic composite water-intake rates) shows, the rate of water absorption of wood plastic composite is far below timber, particularly the moisture content of its absorption is very slow to the speed of material internal migration, but its saturated water absorption is in fact not low, and is especially true when the vegetable fibre powder content is higher.If will immerse (as more than two months) in the water for a long time after the polishing of wood plastic composite slice surfaces, total water-intake rate of common wood-plastic composite can reach about 10%, the result cause the surface of wood plastic composite easily mouldy, rot, freeze molten destruction, intensity reduces to making, shorten or the like work-ing life.
Therefore, the water-intake rate that reduces existing wood plastic composite is a very important technical problem, should cause enough attention.Produce the general method of going up reduction wood plastic composite water-intake rate at present and mainly contain two kinds: a kind of method is to reduce the content of plant fiber powder, and another kind of method is to add coupling agent (or compatilizer).But, reduce vegetable fibre content and can increase cost, and make the outward appearance woodiness touch variation of wood plastic composite; Not only can increase cost and add coupling agent, and it is quite limited to reduce water-intake rate.The result makes the vegetable fibre powder content of existing wood plastic composite not high (＜60%), and the actual saturated water absorption of wood-plastic products is higher, and (the 24h water-intake rate is not high, but after absorbent time is long, water-intake rate is just bigger), this may be that current wood plastic composite uses easily mouldy, septic major reason after the long period out of doors.
(3) summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to adopt new method significantly to reduce the water-intake rate of existing wood plastic composite product, a kind of polyolefin wood-plastic composite of low water absorption is provided, particularly provide a kind of fibres content higher, the very low polyolefin wood-plastic composite of water-intake rate simultaneously, make that its use properties out of doors is better, the life-span is longer.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of polyolefin wood-plastic composite of low water absorption is that main raw material prepares with modified plant fibers and modified plastics;
Described modified plant fibers preparation method comprises:
The dried plant fiber powder of 100 mass parts and the siccative oil of 1～10 mass parts are warming up to 90～100 ℃ of thorough mixing in mixing machine after, leave standstill and be cooled to siccative oil curing, obtain described modified plant fibers; Described siccative oil is one or more the mixing in oleum lini, Chinese catalpa oil, tung oil, Fructus Perillae oil or the brazilnut oil;
Described modified plastics is prepared by following method:
Get 100 mass parts thermoplasticss, the composite modified monomer of 1～5 mass parts and the initiator of 0.1～0.5 mass parts are added in the thermoplastics, mixing adds forcing machine in 170～190 ℃ of following extruding pelletizations with compound, obtains modified plastics;
Described composite modified monomer is maleic anhydride or maleic anhydride and one of following or wherein two or more mixing: vinylbenzene, vinylformic acid, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, propylene are fine;
Described initiator is one of following or wherein two or more mixing: dicumyl peroxide (DCP), benzoyl peroxide (BPO), di-tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide (DTBP), tertbutyl peroxide (TBHP).
Siccative oil is meant the grease that just can be dried to solid film behind the coating film forming in air under room temperature, its iodine value＞170.
Key of the present invention be to the preparation wood plastic composite main raw material---plant fiber powder and plastics have carried out the modification processing, utilize siccative oil that plant fiber powder is handled, make modified plant fibers and can reduce water-intake rate, and make wood plastic composite have mildew-resistant, antiseptic property; Plastics are carried out graft modification, and its effect is to reduce water-intake rate, and significantly improves the mechanical strength of wood plastic composite.The consumption of plant fiber powder and plastics in the wood plastic composite, and the kind of additive and consumption are all formed with reference to the conventional wood plastic composite in this area.
Preferably, described polyolefin wood-plastic composite is obtained by the following feedstock production of quality proportioning:
50～80 parts of modified plant fibers
15～50 parts of modified plasticss
1～5 part of lubricant
0.1～1.0 part of photostabilizer
0.1～1.0 part in oxidation inhibitor;
Described lubricant is the conventional lubricant that is used for wood plastic composite, can be one of following or wherein two or more mixing: stearic acid, methyl stearate, butyl stearate, calcium stearate, Zinic stearas, lead laurate, whiteruss, solid paraffin, polyethylene wax, oxidized polyethlene wax;
Described photostabilizer is the conventional photostabilizer that is used for wood plastic composite, can be one of following or wherein two or more mixing: photostabilizer UV-531, photostabilizer UV-1084, photostabilizer UV-774;
Described oxidation inhibitor is the conventional oxidation inhibitor agent that is used for wood plastic composite, can be one of following or wherein two or more mixing: antioxidant BHT, antioxidant 1010, anti-oxidant DLTP, antioxidant 330, oxidation inhibitor SP, oxidation inhibitor 1084.
The present invention does not adopt the method that adds coupling agent or reduce the vegetable fibre powder content to reduce water-intake rate, but adopts following method to reduce the water-intake rate of wood plastic composite:
1, with after the plant fiber powder thorough drying, add high-speed mixer, under agitation add a small amount of siccative oil, siccative oil is absorbed by plant fiber powder, and, make the modified plant fibers powder at the inside and the surface cure of vegetable fibre;
2, adopt parallel double-screw extruder to extrude scorification, with the plastics in the raw material (waste and old PE or waste PP) all or most ofly carry out graft modification, make modified plastics with maleic anhydride (or with other monomer complex);
3, the modified plant fibers powder mixes with modified plastics, adopts conventional production technology (extrude, method such as injection moulding, compacting) to make a kind of polyolefin wood-plastic composite of low water absorption then.Among the present invention, the wood plastic composite preparation process is as follows: by formula ratio adding high-speed mixers such as modified plant fibers powder, modified plastics, stablizer, lubricant are mixed, compound is added the cocurrent and parallel twin screw extruder to plastify granulation and gets the wooden grain of moulding, wood is moulded grain add the conical double screw extruder extrusion moulding, make wood plastic composite.
Described plant fiber powder is the conventional plant fiber powder that is used to prepare wood plastic composite, can be one of following or wherein two or more mixing: wood powder, bamboo powder, chaff powder, straw powder, during the preparation wood plastic composite, need grind to form 30～100 purpose powder usually.
Described thermoplastics can be used virgin material for the conventional thermoplastics that is used to prepare wood plastic composite, also can be with the waste or used plastics that reclaims, in order to reduce cost and to help reclaiming and utilizing waste plastics, preferred waste or used plastics.Can be one of following or wherein two or more mixing: polyethylene, polypropylene, ABS, polystyrene.
Preferably, it is composed as follows to prepare the raw materials quality of described modified plant fibers:
100 parts of plant fiber powders
2～8 parts in siccative oil.
Preferably, it is composed as follows to prepare the raw materials quality of described modified plant fibers:
100 parts of thermoplasticss
2～3 parts of maleic anhydrides
0～1.5 part of vinylbenzene
0.2～0.3 part of dicumyl peroxide.
More preferred, described polyolefin wood-plastic composite is obtained by the following feedstock production of quality proportioning:
55～75 parts of modified plant fibers
25～40 parts of modified plasticss
2.5～3.0 parts of lubricants
0.2～0.5 part of photostabilizer
0.2～0.5 part in oxidation inhibitor;
Described modified plant fibers is prepared by following method:
The dried plant fiber powder of getting 100 mass parts places mixing machine, and stirring adds the siccative oil of 2～8 mass parts down, fully stirs and is warming up to 90～100 ℃, and discharging is left standstill and is cooled to siccative oil curing, obtains described modified plant fibers;
Described modified plastics is prepared by following method:
Get 100 mass parts thermoplasticss, the maleic anhydride of 2～3 mass parts, the vinylbenzene of 0～1.5 mass parts and the dicumyl peroxide of 0.2～0.3 mass parts are added in the thermoplastics, mixing adds forcing machine in 170～190 ℃ of following extruding pelletizations with compound, obtains modified plastics; Described thermoplastics is polyethylene or polypropylene.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is mainly reflected in:
1, by with vegetable fibre and modifying plastics, can make, thereby can prevent to a certain extent that wood plastic composite is mouldy, rotten, the suction distortion, improve its freeze-thaw resistance and can wait than the much lower wood plastic composite of conventional wood plastic composite water-intake rate;
2, siccative oil has good anticorrosion, fungicidal properties, after being absorbed by vegetable fibre, can make wood plastic composite anticorrosion, fungicidal properties be improved significantly;
3, by with vegetable fibre and modifying plastics, the wood plastic composite mechanical strength that makes is significantly higher than common wood-plastic composite, has that water-intake rate is low, vegetable fibre powder content height, the outward appearance artificial wood effect is good, intensity is high, advantage such as with low cost.
(4) embodiment
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with specific embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited in this:
Embodiment 1:
1, the preparation of modified plant fibers
Vegetable fibre modification quality prescription is as follows:
100 parts in dried plant fiber powder (China fir powder, 80 orders)
4 parts of oleum lini
The preparation process of modified plant fibers is as follows:
With air-flow whirlwind-type drying machine or other drying plant plant fiber powder is dried to water content and is lower than 2%, make dried plant fiber powder;
Take by weighing plant fiber powder by prescription and add high-speed mixer, slowly add the siccative oil of metering when high-speed stirring, fully stir evenly and be warming up to gradually 100 ℃, discharging is left standstill to siccative oil curing, makes the modified plant fibers powder.
2, the preparation of modified plastics
Modifying plastics quality prescription is as follows:
Reclaim 100 parts of waste and old PE
3 parts of maleic anhydrides
1.5 parts of vinylbenzene
0.3 part of DCP initiator
The preparation process of modified plastics is as follows:
PE is added the spice machine stir, when stirring, slowly add maleic anhydride, DCP and vinylbenzene and stir evenly and obtain compound.Compound is added the cocurrent and parallel twin screw extruder carry out reactivity and extrude, the graft reaction temperature is 175～185 ℃, makes graft modification PE (being modified plastics).
3, the preparation of wood plastic composite
Get modified plant fibers powder and modified plastics that abovementioned steps makes, the preparation wood plastic composite.
Wood plastic composite preparation quality prescription is as follows:
65 parts in modified plant fibers powder
35 parts of modified plasticss
2.5 parts of methyl stearates
0.45 part of photostabilizer UV-531
1,084 0.45 parts in oxidation inhibitor
The preparation process of wood plastic composite is as follows:
By formula ratio with modified plant fibers powder, modified plastics, lubricant, stablizer add high-speed mixer mix (800～1000r/min, 5～10min), make compound; Compound is added cocurrent and parallel twin screw extruder (170～190 ℃) plastify granulation, make wood and mould pellet; Wood is moulded pellet adding conical double screw extruder extrude (150～170 ℃), make wood plastic composite of the present invention.Also available sander carries out surface finish to the wood plastic composite that makes to be handled, and makes the wood plastic composite finished product with woodiness touch.
The general PE wood plastic composite of wood plastic composite finished product that the present invention is made, surface finish is crossed and market purchasing is measured its water-intake rate, tensile strength, flexural strength and non-notch simple beam impact strength under equal condition, measurement result sees Table 1.
Table 1: wood plastic composite performance measurement result
| The project name of measuring | Wood plastic composite of the present invention | Commercially available conventional wood plastic composite |
| 2 months total water-intake rates soak | 2.01％ | 7.05％ |
| Tensile strength before the immersion | 34.87MPa | 19.5MPa |
| 2 months back draft intensity of soaking | 34.2MPa | 14.77MPa |
| Immersion front curve intensity | 58.57MPa | 33.74MPa |
| The flexural strength after 2 months of soaking | 51.17MPa | 20.39MPa |
| Shock strength before the immersion | 13.4kJ/m2 | 4.5kJ/m2 |
The measuring method of water-intake rate is in the table 1: the present invention and commercially available conventional wood plastic composite surface are polished, cut into the bar shaped batten of 100 * 10 * 5mm.Batten is weighed (W1) behind the dry 48h under 110 ℃ in air dry oven, with taking out after two months in the dry sample bar immersion normal-temperature water, inhale with dried filter paper and go to weigh behind the spline surfaces water (W2) again, with the weight difference calculating water-intake rate of suction front and back.The water-intake rate calculation formula is as follows:
Other project in the table 1 is pressed the concerned countries standard test.
By table 1 as seen, soak after two months, wood plastic composite water-intake rate of the present invention significantly is lower than conventional wood plastic composite; Tensile strength, flexural strength and the shock strength of wood plastic composite of the present invention all are significantly higher than conventional wood plastic composite before the immersion, soak after 2 months, the tensile strength of wood plastic composite of the present invention, flexural strength reduction amount all are significantly less than conventional wood plastic composite.This shows that the wood plastic composite that the present invention makes not only water-intake rate is low, and other excellent property.
Embodiment 2～5:
The preparation process of embodiment 2～5 is identical with embodiment 1, and different is prescription.The prescription of embodiment 2～5 sees Table 2 to table 4.
Table 2: the preparation prescription of modified plant fibers powder
| Embodiment | Vegetable fibre grain weight/part | Siccative oil/part |
| 2 | 80 order poplar powder: 100 | Chinese catalpa oil: 2 |
| 3 | 80 order mao bamboon powder: 100 | Chinese catalpa oil: 4 |
| 4 | 100 order straw powder: 100 | Oleum lini: 6 |
| 5 | 80 order China fir powder: 100 | Tung oil: 8 |
Table 3: the preparation prescription of modified plastics
| Embodiment | Reclaim plastics weight/part | Maleic anhydride/part | Vinylbenzene/part | DCP/ part |
| 2 | PE：100 | 2 | 1 | 0.3 |
| 3 | PE：100 | 2 | 0 | 0.2 |
| 4 | PE：75/PP：25 | 3 | 1.5 | 0.3 |
| 5 | PP：100 | 2 | 1 | 0.25 |
Table 4: the preparation prescription of wood plastic composite
| Embodiment | Modified plant fibers powder/part | Modified plastics/part | Lubricant/part | Photostabilizer/part | Oxidation inhibitor/part |
| 2 | 60 | 40 | Stearic acid: 2.5 | UV¨084：0.2 | 1010：0.7 |
| 3 | 70 | 30 | Calcium stearate: 2.7 | UV-531：0.5 | BHT：0.4 |
| 4 | 75 | 25 | Solid paraffin: 3 | UV-531：0.3 | BHT：0.6 |
| 5 | 55 | 45 | Lead laurate: 2.5 | UV-774：0.6 | 330：0.3 |
After testing, according to the wood plastic composite that above-mentioned prescription makes, all have lower water-intake rate (2 months specific absorptioies of soaking all are lower than 3%), and have tensile strength, flexural strength and shock strength preferably.
Claims (8)
1. the polyolefin wood-plastic composite of a low water absorption is that main raw material prepares with modified plant fibers and modified plastics;
Described modified plant fibers preparation method comprises:
The dried plant fiber powder of 100 mass parts and the siccative oil of 1～10 mass parts are warming up to 90～100 ℃ of thorough mixing in mixing machine after, leave standstill and be cooled to siccative oil curing, obtain described modified plant fibers; Described siccative oil is one or more the mixing in oleum lini, Chinese catalpa oil, tung oil, Fructus Perillae oil or the brazilnut oil;
Described modified plastics is prepared by following method:
Get 100 mass parts thermoplasticss, the composite modified monomer of 1～5 mass parts and the initiator of 0.1～0.5 mass parts are added in the thermoplastics, mixing adds forcing machine in 170～190 ℃ of following extruding pelletizations with compound, obtains modified plastics;
Described composite modified monomer is maleic anhydride or maleic anhydride and one of following or wherein two or more mixing: vinylbenzene, vinylformic acid, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, propylene are fine; Described initiator is one of following or wherein two or more mixing: dicumyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide, tertbutyl peroxide.
2. polyolefin wood-plastic composite as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described polyolefin wood-plastic composite is obtained by the following feedstock production of quality proportioning:
50～80 parts of modified plant fibers
15～50 parts of modified plasticss
1～5 part of lubricant
0.1～1.0 part of photostabilizer
0.1～1.0 part in oxidation inhibitor;
Described lubricant is one of following or wherein two or more mixing: stearic acid, methyl stearate, butyl stearate, calcium stearate, Zinic stearas, lead laurate, whiteruss, solid paraffin, polyethylene wax, oxidized polyethlene wax;
Described photostabilizer is one of following or wherein two or more mixing: photostabilizer UV-531, photostabilizer UV-1084, photostabilizer UV-774;
Described oxidation inhibitor is one of following or wherein two or more mixing: antioxidant BHT, antioxidant 1010, anti-oxidant DLTP, antioxidant 330, oxidation inhibitor SP, oxidation inhibitor 1084.
3. polyolefin wood-plastic composite as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described plant fiber powder is one of following or wherein two or more mixing: wood powder, bamboo powder, chaff powder, straw powder.
4. polyolefin wood-plastic composite as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described thermoplastics is one of following or wherein two or more mixing: polyethylene, polypropylene, ABS, polystyrene.
5. polyolefin wood-plastic composite as claimed in claim 1, the raw materials quality that it is characterized in that preparing described modified plant fibers is composed as follows:
100 parts of plant fiber powders
2～8 parts in siccative oil.
6. polyolefin wood-plastic composite as claimed in claim 1, the raw materials quality that it is characterized in that preparing described modified plant fibers is composed as follows:
100 parts of thermoplasticss
2～3 parts of maleic anhydrides
0～1.5 part of vinylbenzene
0.2～0.3 part of dicumyl peroxide.
7. polyolefin wood-plastic composite as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that described thermoplastics is polyethylene, polypropylene or polyethylene and 3: 1 mixture of polypropylene mass ratio.
8. polyolefin wood-plastic composite as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described polyolefin wood-plastic composite is obtained by the following feedstock production of quality proportioning:
55～75 parts of modified plant fibers
25～40 parts of modified plasticss
2.5～3.0 parts of lubricants
0.2～0.5 part of photostabilizer
0.2～0.5 part in oxidation inhibitor;
Described modified plant fibers is prepared by following method:
The dried plant fiber powder of getting 100 mass parts places mixing machine, and stirring adds the siccative oil of 2～8 mass parts down, fully stirs and is warming up to 90～100 ℃, and discharging is left standstill and is cooled to siccative oil curing, obtains described modified plant fibers;
Described modified plastics is prepared by following method:
Get 100 mass parts thermoplasticss, the maleic anhydride of 2～3 mass parts, the vinylbenzene of 0～1.5 mass parts and the dicumyl peroxide of 0.2～0.3 mass parts are added in the thermoplastics, mixing adds forcing machine in 170～190 ℃ of following extruding pelletizations with compound, obtains modified plastics; Described thermoplastics is polyethylene or polypropylene.
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| CN102229721A (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2011-11-02 | 殷正福 | Lightweight wood-plastic mixed granules containing straws and production method thereof |
| CN105062112A (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2015-11-18 | 许超群 | Anti-aging wood-plastic composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN105348613A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-02-24 | 梅庆波 | Preparation method for modified flyash/polyolefin wood-plastic composite |
| CN107353470A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-11-17 | 浙江元森态木塑科技股份有限公司 | A kind of high-weatherability low water absorption carbon wood composite material |
| CN107674438A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-02-09 | 苏州市木包装材料有限公司 | Wood moulding packaging material and its method is prepared using reclaimed materials in one kind |
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| CN1880376B (en) * | 2006-05-17 | 2010-05-12 | 安徽国风集团有限公司 | Bran powder type thermoplastic wood plastic composite material and its preparing process |
| CN101302349A (en) * | 2008-04-03 | 2008-11-12 | 杭州师范大学 | Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene wood-plastic composite material and preparation thereof |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102229721A (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2011-11-02 | 殷正福 | Lightweight wood-plastic mixed granules containing straws and production method thereof |
| CN102229721B (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2012-08-22 | 殷正福 | Lightweight wood-plastic mixed granules containing straws and production method thereof |
| CN105062112A (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2015-11-18 | 许超群 | Anti-aging wood-plastic composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN105348613A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-02-24 | 梅庆波 | Preparation method for modified flyash/polyolefin wood-plastic composite |
| CN107353470A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-11-17 | 浙江元森态木塑科技股份有限公司 | A kind of high-weatherability low water absorption carbon wood composite material |
| CN107674438A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-02-09 | 苏州市木包装材料有限公司 | Wood moulding packaging material and its method is prepared using reclaimed materials in one kind |
| CN114180913A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-03-15 | 上海建工建材科技集团股份有限公司 | 3D printing straw concrete material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101585970B (en) | 2011-07-06 |
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