CN105038284B - A kind of method that application wood fibre prepares wood plastic composite - Google Patents

A kind of method that application wood fibre prepares wood plastic composite Download PDF

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CN105038284B
CN105038284B CN201510534680.XA CN201510534680A CN105038284B CN 105038284 B CN105038284 B CN 105038284B CN 201510534680 A CN201510534680 A CN 201510534680A CN 105038284 B CN105038284 B CN 105038284B
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wood
plastic composite
wood fibre
powdery
wood plastic
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CN105038284A (en
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黄红英
孙恩惠
武国峰
常志州
徐跃定
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Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Abstract

The method that a kind of application wood fibre of the present invention prepares wood plastic composite, be specially:1)By dry wood fibre, regulation carbon-nitrogen ratio and moisture content are 60 70%, add biological treatment agent, and it is 12 14% to be air-dried after 5 15d that ferment to moisture content;2)Coupling agent and antioxidant are added, is well mixed;3)Plastics are added, are well mixed;4)Extruding pelletization;The present invention utilizes the natural wooden fibers such as sisal dregs, bagasse, rice husk, stalk and bamboo and wood residue, by adding biological treatment agent, fermentation process is carried out under suitable carbon-nitrogen ratio and moisture content, utilize the macromolecular of microbial action breaks wood fibre, reduce fiber molecule intermolecular forces, improve material molten index, mobility, hydrophobicity and tensile strength, the wood plastic composite obtained according to this method can be processed into the Wood Plastics Composite Product of various characters, and whole production process low power consuming, environmental protection.

Description

A kind of method that application wood fibre prepares wood plastic composite
Technical field
The invention belongs to polymeric material field, particularly a kind of application wood fibre prepares the side of wood plastic composite Method.
Background technology
Wood plastic composite is a kind of advanced composite material (ACM), is agriculture and forestry organic waste material(Such as powdered rice hulls, powder of straw, bamboo powder, wood powder Deng string)For primary raw material filling, enhancing, and vinyon or recycle polyethylene plastics, it is combined through hot pressing, melting is squeezed The modified thermoplastic material that different processing modes are made such as go out, be mainly used in Side fascia, fence, step, Shu Chi, flower case, rubbish The raw materials for production of case etc..Wood plastic composite has merged the two-fold advantage of string and plastics, can overcome wood-fibred intensity Low, variability is big and the low limitation caused of plastic material elastic modelling quantity, can make full use of again it is discarded after string and Plastics, energy-saving and emission-reduction reduce environmental pollution, lift the surcharge of material, are a kind of new materials of great development prospect.
But the string in wood plastic composite of the prior art by compression due to causing system in process Product density is excessive, and difficulty is brought to carrying, processing technology, while contain great amount of hydroxy group in string structure, these hydroxyl shapes Into molecule hydrogen bond and intermolecular hydrogen bonding, so that string has stronger polarity and hydrophily, and thermoplastic is most To be nonpolar, with hydrophobicity.When both are mixed, complex systems median surface degrees of fusion is low, lacks due adhesion strength, Advantage in terms of its intrinsic mechanical property can not be embodied.
In order to solve to use physics, chemistry, biological method to improve thermoplastic and plant in drawbacks described above, production The processing fluidity of interface compatibility and improvement wood moulding molding materials between fiber:Such as Publication No. CN103193988A Chinese patent discloses a kind of method that utilization natural fiber material prepares wood plastic composite, and it utilizes timber, bamboo wood, stalk Deng natural fiber material, by crushing, the method that low temperature alkali lye profit rises, Benzylation, drop raw material is converted into thermoplastic so that The some characteristics and heat that timber, bamboo wood, stalk have plastics melt processing characteristics, then wood and plastic composite is made by Granulation Equipments Material;Publication No. CN104479223A Chinese patent proposes a kind of side of wood plastic composite prepared by utilization chopped fiber Method, the invention is that matrix prepares wood plastics composite by reinforcing material, thermoplastic macromolecule of chopped fiber discarded object and long fibre Material, raw material adds long fibre mixed at high speed after pretreatment, and mechanical activation coupling solid-state modification adds plastics at a high speed Mixing, plasticates, most obtains wood plastic composite through hot-forming afterwards;Publication No. CN104356663A Chinese patent is disclosed A kind of preparation method of lignin thermoplastic material, carries out cleaning steam explosion by biomass material and digests again, obtain slag charge, slag charge is done After dry and crushing, lignin particles raw material is obtained, is finally extruded with being molded after PE mixed with resin, obtains lignin thermoplastic material; Publication No. CN104371236A Chinese patent discloses a kind of organosilane crosslinked polyethylene wood plastic composite, by string With polyethylene and mix lubricant after drying grinding, silane coupler, initiator, catalyst and antioxidant mixing are then added, And obtain organosilane crosslinked polyethylene wood plastic composite using double screw extruder;From the point of view of foregoing invention patent, at present in wood Still it is related in the production process of plastic composite materials product and uses toxic chemical(Such as benzyl chloride), and plasticizing product need make Cleaned with substantial amounts of water and ethanol, cause the secondary pollution of environment;Or use high speed machine means(Such as mixed at high speed, Mechanical activation), mechanical wear and energy consumption are larger;Or financial cost is high(Clean steam explosion enzymolysis processing again), utilize string Material surface active group carries out graft modification with chemical reagent, or reaches improvement string and thermoplasticity using enzymolysis Fusion purpose between plastics, can not meet market needs.
Goal of the invention
Regarding to the issue above, the present invention provides a kind of method that application wood fibre prepares wood plastic composite, to solve The problem of string is with plastics fusion faculty and poor mobile performance in existing wood plastic composite, the present invention is realized in 's:
A kind of method that application wood fibre prepares wood plastic composite, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps that:
1)Dry wood fibre is crushed to 20-80 mesh, it is 25-35 to add nitrogenous fertilizer regulation carbon-nitrogen ratio:1, moisture content is 60-70%, adds the biological treatment agent for accounting for wood fibre dry weight 0.5-5%, ferment 5-15d at a temperature of 40-60 DEG C, then natural It is 12-14% to air-dry to moisture content, obtains powdery biomass lignocellulosic material;
2)By powdery biomass lignocellulosic material, coupling agent and antioxidant in mass ratio 100:1-5:After 1-5 mixing, At a temperature of 55-85 DEG C, with 300-500rpm rotating speed mixing 10-30min, modified biomass powdery wood fibre material is obtained Material;
3)By modified biomass powdery lignocellulosic material and plastics 6-13 in mass ratio:After 7-14 mixing, in 160-175 At a temperature of DEG C, 5-20min is mixed with 500-800rpm speed;
4)Material is put into mill, at a temperature of 160-180 DEG C, with 380-750rpm speed extruding pelletization, obtained It is wood plastic composite to obtain particle.
Further, in step 3 of the present invention)In be additionally added filler, modified biomass powdery lignocellulosic material is with being added The mass ratio of filler is 9-13:1-2.
Further, step 1 of the present invention)The wood fibre is rice husk, stalk, sisal dregs, bagasse or bamboo and wood residue In one or more;The biological treatment agent be straw decomposing inoculant, compost fermentation agent, one kind in cellulose degradation microbial inoculum or It is a variety of.
Further, bamboo and wood residue of the present invention is bamboo and wood industrial wood waste or bamboo and wood logging residue.
Further, step 1 of the present invention)The nitrogenous fertilizer is one kind in urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), the ammonium of sulfuric acid two, ammonium hydrogen phosphate Or it is a variety of;Step 2)The coupling agent is one kind or many in silane coupler, titanate coupling agent or maleic anhydride coupling agent Kind;The antioxidant is the one or more in antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 1076, irgasfos 168 or antioxidant 264.
Further, step 3 of the present invention)The plastics are one kind in polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride or polystyrene Or it is a variety of.
Further, step 3 of the present invention)The filler is in nano silicon, nano-calcium carbonate or nano kaoline It is one or more.
Further, step 4 of the present invention)Described in grain diameter be 1-3mm.
The present invention passes through addition using natural wooden fibers such as sisal dregs, bagasse, rice husk, stalk and bamboo and wood residues Biological treatment agent, carries out fermentation process under suitable carbon-nitrogen ratio and moisture content, utilizes microbial action breaks wood fibre Macromolecular, reduces fiber molecule intermolecular forces, using fermentation process so that sisal dregs, bagasse, rice husk, stalk and bamboo and wood are remaining The rheological characteristic of Wu Deng natural wooden fibers makes moderate progress, and wood plastic composite is made by granulation, multiple with non-fermentation process wood moulding Condensation material is compared, and its melt index, mobility, hydrophobicity and tensile strength are greatly improved, the wood and plastic composite prepared Material can go out the Wood Plastics Composite Product of various characters, whole production process using plastics forming technique and equipment development Low power consuming, environmental protection, it is easy to promote.
Brief description of the drawings
It is embodiment wood plastic composite section electron-microscope scanning picture that Fig. 1, which is,;
Fig. 2 is that fermentation plasticizing rice husk, rice husk are intended to plastic hybrid material granulation masterbatch surface contact angle diagram respectively.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1)100kg is crushed to the dry rice husk of 20 mesh, the straw decomposing inoculant for accounting for rice husk dry weight 5% is added, urine is added Element regulation rice husk carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25:1, it is 60% then to add water regulation material water ratio, is stirred after 40-60 DEG C of temperature Lower progress fermentation process 5d, material is shakeout to concrete floor, is treated that natural air drying to moisture content is 12-14%, is obtained biomass powder Shape lignocellulosic material;
(2)Take 100kg dry powdery biomass lignocellulosic materials to be put into mixer, add the silane coupled of 1kg Agent and 3kg antioxidant 1010 are in rotating speed in 500rpm high-speed mixer, control temperature mixes 30min at 55-85 DEG C, obtains To modified biomass powdery lignocellulosic material;
(3)Take 65kg modified biomass powdery lignocellulosic material, 35kg polypropylene and 10kg nano silicons Add in mixer, be 160-175 DEG C in temperature, rotating speed obtains mixed material to mix 10min under 500rpm;
(4)It is 160-180 DEG C that mixed material finally is transported into temperature, and rotating speed is progress high temperature in 380rpm mill Plasticizing, and extruding pelletization, obtain the particle that particle granula is 1-3mm, that is, obtain wood plastic composite.
In specific implementation process, stalk, sisal dregs, bagasse and bamboo and wood residue can also be used(Bamboo and wood industrial wood waste Or bamboo and wood logging residue)In one or more compositions be used as lignocellulosic material.
Embodiment 2
(1)100kg is crushed to the dry sisal dregs of 60 mesh, the compost fermentation agent for accounting for rice husk dry weight 2% is added, added Nitrogenous fertilizer(Urea is used in the present embodiment)It is 30 to adjust sisal dregs carbon-nitrogen ratio:1, it is 70% to add water regulation material water ratio, is stirred The uniform fermentation process 10d at a temperature of 40-60 DEG C is mixed, is then shakeout material to concrete floor, natural air drying to moisture content For 12-14%, powdery biomass lignocellulosic material is obtained;
(2)Take 100kg dry powdery biomass lignocellulosic materials to be put into mixer, add the silane coupled of 5kg Agent and 1kg irgasfos 168 are in rotating speed in 300rpm high-speed mixer, control temperature mixes 10min at 55-85 DEG C, obtains To modified biomass powdery lignocellulosic material;
(3)45kg modified biomass powdery lignocellulosic material, 55kg polyvinyl chloride and 5kg nano kaolines are added Enter in mixer, be 160-175 DEG C in temperature, rotating speed obtains mixed material to mix 30min under 800rpm;
(4)It is 160-180 DEG C that mixed material is transported into temperature, and rotating speed is progress high temperature modeling in 750rpm mill Change, and extruding pelletization, obtain 1-3mm particle, as wood plastic composite.
In specific implementation process, any of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), the ammonium of sulfuric acid two, ammonium hydrogen phosphate or two or more can also be used Composition is used as nitrogenous fertilizer.
Embodiment 3
The influence situation fermented for research wood fibre to composite property, the present embodiment is divided into two groups, experimental group system Preparation Method is:
(1)The 100kg dry stalks of 80 mesh will be crushed to, the cellulose degradation microbial inoculum for accounting for rice husk dry weight 0.5% is added, It is 30 to add appropriate urea regulation stalk carbon-nitrogen ratio:1, it is 65% to add water regulation material water ratio, is stirred after 40- Fermentation process 15d, then shakeouts material to concrete floor at a temperature of 60 DEG C, and natural air drying to moisture content is 12-14%, is obtained Powdery biomass lignocellulosic material;
(2)Take 100kg dry powdery biomass lignocellulosic materials to be put into mixer, add the silane coupled of 3kg Agent and 5kg antioxidant 264 are in rotating speed in 400rpm high-speed mixer, control temperature mixes 20min at 55-85 DEG C, obtains To modified biomass powdery lignocellulosic material;
(3)30kg modified biomass powdery lignocellulosic material, 70kg polyethylene and 3kg nano-calcium carbonates are added It it is 160-175 DEG C in temperature, rotating speed obtains mixed material to mix 30min under 600rpm in mixer;Melt index determination Instrument, torque rheometer determine the melt index and rheological property of mixed material;
(4)It is 160-180 DEG C that mixed material is transported into temperature, and rotating speed is progress high temperature modeling in 650rpm mill Change, and extruding pelletization is to 1-3mm particle, obtains wood plastic composite.
Control group preparation method is:
Divided by 100kg is crushed to the dry stalk of 80 mesh instead of experimental group step(2)In the wooden fibre of powdery biomass Tie up outside material, other steps and experimental group step(2)-(4)It is identical.
Two groups of wood plastic composite is subjected to section electron-microscope scanning, result as shown in figure 1, wherein Fig. 1(a)To be right According to group a wood plastic composite section electron-microscope scanning figure, Fig. 1(b)For test group wood plastic composite section electron-microscope scanning figure;By Fig. 1 (b)It can be seen that, the wood fibre after the fermented processing of experimental group is approached with polyethylene pattern, interface fusion;And Fig. 1(a)In not Obvious boundary is can be seen that between the wood fibre and polyethylene of fermentation process, and intersection has obvious space, it is seen that hair Ferment, which handles wood fibre and the wood plastic composite interface fusion that plastics are mixed with, to be improved.
Two groups of surface of wood-plastic composite material contact angles, surface dynamic contact angle assay method are determined respectively:Using full-automatic Contact angle instrument(OCA40Micro types, Germany)Determine.Wood plastic composite batten table is determined by contact angle test fluid of water Face contact angle change;As a result as shown in Fig. 2 from Figure 2 it can be seen that the surface contact angle of test group is more than control group, and with the time Extension, surface contact angle amplitude of variation is again smaller than control group, and this explanation is after biological treatment agent fermentation, wood plastic composite Surface polarity diminishes, hydrophobicity enhancing.
Performance detection:
(1)Above-mentioned two groups of material steps are determined with melt indexer, torque rheometer respectively(3)The mixing of middle acquisition The melt index and rheological property of material, acquired results are as shown in table 1:
Melt index determination method is with reference to GB 3682-2000《Thermoplastic melt mass flow rate and melt volume Flow rate》Assay method.
Torque rheology assay method:Mixed material is placed in torque rheometer, is 170 DEG C in temperature, rotating speed is 60rpm Under the conditions of determine 30min;
Stretching strength determination method:With reference to GB/T17657-1999《Wood-based plate and face artificial board physicochemical property experiment side Method》Determine, the batten deposited after room temperature 24h is directly detected, rate of extension is 10mm/min, 3 repetitions take arithmetic to put down Average is used as test specimen tensile strength;
The experimental group of table 1, control group stalk mixed with plastics after material rheological characteristic and melt index properties
As shown in Table 1, experimental group(Fermented stalk/plastics)Mixed material fusion time is longer, and peak torque and balance are turned round Square is below non-fermented stalk/plastic hybrid material, and melt index improves 47.09%, shows that fermented stalk is mixed with plastics The rheological characteristic improvement amplitude of material is larger afterwards.
(2)Two groups of wood plastic composites are respectively fed in miniature injection machine, pressure is 700bar pressurizes at 165 DEG C 5s, injection growth 100mm, wide 10mm, thick 2mm dumbbell shaped batten, in omnipotent mechanical test aircraft measurements batten tensile strength, Measurement result is as shown in table 2:
The experimental group of table 2 is molded the tensile strength and elongation at break of batten with control group
Sample Tensile strength/MPa Elongation at break/%
Experimental group 15.54 4.14
Control group 11.92 2.51
As shown in Table 2, experimental group(Fermented stalk/plastic hybrid material)The novel wood-plastic composite material of preparation, product is strong Degree is higher than wood plastic composite, and elongation at break improves nearly 1 times, shows after the fermented processing of stalk, and itself and plastics are combined system Standby novel wood-plastic composite material interface fusion improves, and effectively improves the mechanical strength of wood plastic composite.
(3)Two groups of wood plastic composites that embodiment is obtained are respectively by double-screw injection molding into flowerpot type, outside upper port Footpath 160mm, lower port external diameter 130mm, are highly 140mm, after testing, with wood moulding stalk made from experimental group wood plastic composite Flowerpot toughness strengthens, compared with control group wood moulding straw flowerpot, and compressed shape variable improves more than 65%.
(4)The experimental group wood plastic composite that embodiment is obtained is separately added into plastic shaping extrusion equipment, according to normal Rule method, obtained wood plastic composite Side fascia, door and window lines or skirting, the wallboard or lines have good size steady It is qualitative.
Above example is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, in tool In body implementation process, the particular technique parameter in the present invention, such as biological treatment agent consumption, coupling agent consumption, wood fibre and modeling Determined in mixed proportion of material etc., the interval that can be limited according to claim by operator, all spiritual and originals in the present invention Any modification, equivalent and improvement for being made within then etc., all should belong to the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of method that application wood fibre prepares wood plastic composite, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps that:
1)Dry wood fibre is crushed to 20-80 mesh, it is 25-35 to add nitrogenous fertilizer regulation carbon-nitrogen ratio:1, moisture content is 60- 70%, the biological treatment agent for accounting for wood fibre dry weight 0.5-5% is added, ferment 5-15d at a temperature of 40-60 DEG C, then natural wind It is 12-14% to do to moisture content, obtains powdery biomass lignocellulosic material;
2)By powdery biomass lignocellulosic material, coupling agent and antioxidant in mass ratio 100:1-5:After 1-5 mixing, in At a temperature of 55-85 DEG C, with 300-500rpm rotating speed mixing 10-30min, modified biomass powdery lignocellulosic material is obtained;
3)After modified biomass powdery lignocellulosic material, plastics and filler are mixed, at a temperature of 160-175 DEG C, with 500- 800rpm speed mixing 5-20min;
Wherein, the mass ratio of modified biomass powdery lignocellulosic material and plastics is 6-13:7-14;
Modified biomass powdery lignocellulosic material is 9-13 with adding the mass ratio of filler:1-2;
4)Material is put into mill, at a temperature of 160-180 DEG C, with 380-750rpm speed extruding pelletization, obtained Grain is wood plastic composite.
2. the method for preparing wood plastic composite using wood fibre according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 1)Institute It is the one or more in rice husk, stalk, sisal dregs, bagasse and bamboo and wood residue to state wood fibre;The biological treatment agent For the one or more in straw decomposing inoculant, compost fermentation agent and cellulose degradation microbial inoculum.
3. the method for preparing wood plastic composite using wood fibre according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the bamboo and wood Residue is bamboo and wood industrial wood waste or bamboo and wood logging residue.
4. the method that wood plastic composite is prepared according to one of the claim 1-3 application wood fibres, it is characterised in that step Rapid 1)The nitrogenous fertilizer is the one or more in urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), the ammonium of sulfuric acid two and ammonium hydrogen phosphate;Step 2)The coupling agent For the one or more in silane coupler, titanate coupling agent and maleic anhydride coupling agent;The antioxidant is antioxidant 1010th, the one or more in antioxidant 1076, irgasfos 168 and antioxidant 264.
5. the method for preparing wood plastic composite using wood fibre according to claim 4, it is characterised in that step 3)Institute It is the one or more in polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene to state plastics.
6. the method for preparing wood plastic composite using wood fibre according to claim 4, it is characterised in that step 3)Institute It is the one or more in nano silicon, nano-calcium carbonate and nano kaoline to state filler.
7. the method for preparing wood plastic composite using wood fibre according to claim 4, it is characterised in that step 4)In The grain diameter is 1-3mm.
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