CN101574849A - 具有能摆动的压紧辊的激光装置 - Google Patents

具有能摆动的压紧辊的激光装置 Download PDF

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CN101574849A
CN101574849A CNA2009101391016A CN200910139101A CN101574849A CN 101574849 A CN101574849 A CN 101574849A CN A2009101391016 A CNA2009101391016 A CN A2009101391016A CN 200910139101 A CN200910139101 A CN 200910139101A CN 101574849 A CN101574849 A CN 101574849A
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processing head
cylindrical lens
laser beam
workpiece
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CN101574849B (zh
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M·谢特
O·欣茨
D·沃格勒
A·尼德伯格
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Leister Technologies AG
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有能摆动的压紧辊的激光装置，用于以透射技术将由塑料制成的工件连接起来，具有加工头，所述加工头具有用于激光束的聚焦装置。在此，离工件最近的聚焦装置具有构造为辊子的以能够旋转的方式得到支承的圆柱形透镜，该圆柱形透镜使所述激光束沿一根唯一的轴线聚焦并且在一围绕着激光束的入射处的区域中线形地挤压所述工件。为了能够使所述圆柱形透镜总是精确地相切地抵靠在与所述加工头对置的工件的表面上，所述加工头具有用于能够旋转的圆柱形透镜的摆动悬架。此外，由此实现了由所述加工头施加的压紧力始终垂直地传入所述工件中，从而在焊接过程中在所有焊接处以相同的方式以指定的程度对所述工件进行挤压。

Description

具有能摆动的压紧辊的激光装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于以透射技术将由塑料制成的工件连接起来的激光装置，这种激光装置具有加工头，所述加工头具有针对激光束的聚焦装置。在此，离工件最近的聚焦装置具有构造为辊子的以能够旋转的方式得到支承的圆柱形透镜，该圆柱形透镜使所述激光束沿一个唯一的轴线聚焦并且在一围绕着激光束的入射处的区域中线形地挤压所述工件。
背景技术
在透射技术中，有待连接的工件的彼此邻接的接触面在激光束的作用下熔化并且在随后的冷却中在压力下彼此相连接。这种使用激光束的塑料焊接的方法得到普遍公开。在该焊接方法中重要的是，在焊接过程中将工件彼此夹紧在一起，因为对于良好的焊接连接来说重要的前提不仅是能量的计量，而且是在有待连接的表面之间的直接的机械接触。此外，从实践中在大量不同的实施方式中公开了激光装置。
尤其对于三维的焊接轮廓而言，在应该在整个焊接轮廓的范围内同时向工件施加足够的接触压力时，用传统的夹紧件来夹紧工件这种做法经证实是麻烦的。为此从现有技术中公开，将激光束引导到有待连接的位置上并且同时通过机器人操纵的加工头对工件进行机械挤压。
专利文件EP 1405713B1公开了一种激光装置，在该激光装置中要么逐点地精确地在激光束入射的位置上要么也面状地在围绕着激光束的入射处的区域中或者沿横向于激光束的相对运动的线条来对工件进行挤压。这提供这样的可能性，也就是将所需要的夹紧力同时用激光束沿能够编程的焊接轮廓持续地但始终逐点地沿一条线条或者在特定的区域中施加到恰好进行焊接过程并且在实际上需要夹紧力的位置上。可以进行三维运动的加工头能够实现这一点，该加工头能够相对于工件以保持相同的间距来运动并且承担机械的压紧力以及激光能量的传递工作。
加工头与有待焊接的工件之间的相对运动不断地在机械接触下进行，而其中在激光束的入射处优选通过对红外线辐射来说透明的辊子来挤压工件。比如由玻璃或塑料制成的压紧辊是加工头的用于激光束的聚焦装置的组成部分。该压紧辊由此具有圆柱形透镜的光学性能，而圆柱形透镜则将激光束线形地沿一根唯一的轴线聚焦到工件的接触面上。作为压紧辊起作用的圆柱形透镜以能够旋转的方式固定在加工头上，用于防止不必要的机械摩擦。在离开焊接轮廓时，圆柱形透镜以滚动的运动在工件的表面上运动，其中激光束可以作为线条沿进给方向或者横向于进给方向入射到工件上。
对工件进行挤压的圆柱形透镜在公开的激光装置上以能够在中心旋转的方式支承在两个端面上，其中透镜的相对于加工头的位置不能改变。圆柱形透镜的中轴线相对于加工头的纵轴线并且由此也相对于聚焦装置的光学轴线固定地调节到位并且优选与这二者形成90度的角。为了压紧力以及激光束可以理想地作用于工件，在此需要以预先给定的速度沿焊接轮廓来导引加工头并且在这过程中始终使该加工头垂直于正要连接的位置定向。为此，由机器人系统对加工头的运动进行精确控制，机器人系统按照所编程的设定值来确定加工头的相对于工件的运动速度、运动行程及定向。在三维的工件轻微变形或者说工件上有较小不平之处的情况下，加工头以及由此起挤压作用的圆柱形透镜的经过编程的姿势有别于理想的相对于工件的位置，这降低了所产生的焊缝的质量。
发明内容
根据这种现有技术，本发明的任务是，提出一种方案，利用该方案总是在工件上保证均匀的压紧力。
按本发明，该任务通过一种具有权利要求1所述特征的激光装置得到解决。其它有利的设计方案可从从属权利要求中获得。
按照本发明，加工头具有用于能够旋转的圆柱形透镜的摆动悬架。这能够使圆柱形透镜总是精确地相切地抵靠在工件的与所述加工头对置的表面上。由此由所述加工头施加的压紧力始终垂直地传入所述工件中，从而在所有焊接处以相同的方式以指定的程度对所述工件进行挤压。
如果所述加工头的相对于工件的姿势不是绝对垂直，那么，一旦所述圆柱形透镜碰到工件，它就自动地围绕着自身中心偏转。由此所述圆柱形透镜有能力自主地改变其相对于所述加工头的定向，其中这种连接的方式不允许所述圆柱形透镜的虚拟的旋转轴线沿加工头的运动方向进行运动而仅仅允许沿所述加工头的纵轴线的方向定向。所述圆柱形透镜因而仅仅可以围绕着一根垂直于所述加工头的运动方向的轴线翻转。
有利地如此选择所述连接的方式，使得所述摆动悬架的翻转轴穿过所述圆柱形透镜的中心。由此实现这一点，也就是即使所述圆柱形透镜翻转，激光束也总是在中心穿过该圆柱形透镜，从而也没有剧烈改变由翻转的透镜产生的在工件上的聚焦线。
在本发明的一种优选的实施方式中，作为压紧辊起作用的圆柱形透镜通过万向接头与所述加工头相连接。这通过以下方式来实现，即一个中心的十字件在两个对置的端部上用能够旋转的关节固定在所述加工头以及圆柱形透镜上。
在技术上可以通过金属环来实现这种类型的万向的悬架，所述金属环一方面以两根沿所述加工头的运动方向延伸的第一旋转轴以能够偏转的方式与所述加工头相连接并且另一方面通过两根另外的第二旋转轴与所述圆柱形透镜相连接。所述圆柱形透镜布置在被所述金属环包围的空腔中，其中所述第二旋转轴横向于所述加工头的运动方向延伸。能够以在轴向上旋转的方式支承着圆柱形透镜的第二旋转轴相对于所述第一旋转轴转置了90度。
在本发明的一种有利的变型方案中，所述圆柱形透镜仅仅以一个端面与所述摆动悬架相连接。这能够使所述圆柱形透镜可以更加靠近工件的棱边或者棱角，从而简化在这些位置上的焊接作业。这可以在前面所说明的实施方案中简单地得到实现，方法是代替金属的完整环(Vollring)使用环段，该环段在大约270度的圆周角范围内延伸并且确定一个典型的90度的切口。所述环段的切口在此与所述圆柱形透镜的和环段相连接的一侧径向对置。
附图说明
下面借助于在附图中示出的实施例对本发明进行详细解释。本发明的其它特征可以从以下对本发明的实施例所作的说明中结合权利要求和附图来获得。本发明的单个特征在此可以仅仅自身或者多个一起在本发明的不同的实施方式中得到实现。其中：
图1是按本发明的激光装置的加工头的、用于对工件进行挤压且使激光束聚焦的圆柱形透镜的保持镜筒的侧视图；
图2是图1的保持镜筒的将视野投向圆柱形透镜的正视图；
图3是图1的保持镜筒的垂直于圆柱形透镜的中轴线的第一轴向剖切图；并且
图4是图1的保持镜筒的横向于圆柱形透镜的纵轴线的第二轴向剖切图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了一个按本发明的激光装置的在附图中未示出的加工头的保持镜筒1。该保持镜筒1构造为分级的空心圆筒，并且在将其以上面的连接段3插入所述加工头的空腔中之后能够用固定装置2可松开地固定在所述加工头上。此外，在所述加工头中设置了聚焦装置，所述聚集装置对从激光源入射的激光束进行成形和导引。
在所述保持镜筒1的直接以扩大的直径连接到所述连接段3上的下面的紧固段4上，圆柱形透镜5通过接纳环6可活动地与所述保持镜筒1相连接。所述保持镜筒1和接纳环6由金属制成。所述圆柱形透镜5对于在附图中未示出的激光束来说是可以通过的并且由玻璃或透明的塑料材料制成。
图1以及图2示出了所述圆柱形透镜5的相对于保持镜筒1处于偏转位置中的情况。在未利用附图解释的标准位置中所述接纳环6和圆柱形透镜5垂直于镜筒1的轴线定位。
图2示出了按图1的保持镜筒1的将视野投向圆柱形透镜5的正视图。所述圆柱形透镜5以二维的自由度按照万向悬架的方式固定在所述保持镜筒1中。所述接纳环6用两个第一旋转轴7、7’以能够偏转的方式与所述保持镜筒1相连接，在图1中也可以看出这两个旋转轴7、7’中的旋转轴7。按照与所述第一旋转轴7、7’转置90度的方式设置了两个第二旋转轴8、8’，所述第二旋转轴8、8’将所述圆柱形透镜5以能够旋转的方式与所述接纳环6相连接。
所述旋转轴8、8’与所述圆柱形透镜5的轴向的中轴线9对准。由此该圆柱形透镜5在其被挤压到在附图中未示出的工件上且所述加工头垂直于该圆柱形透镜5的中轴线9向前或向后运动时可以沿所述加工头的运动方向旋转。
如果所述加工头连同所述镜筒1在焊接轮廓的某个位置上没有精确地垂直于工件的表面定向，那么支撑着圆柱形透镜5的接纳环6就自动地通过关于所述圆柱形透镜5的中心10非对称地作用于该圆柱形透镜5上的压紧力平行于并且/或者相切于所述工件的表面定向。在此所述接纳环6围绕着旋转轴7、7’偏转。
图3示出了所述保持镜筒1的第一轴向剖切图，在该轴向剖切图中沿横向方向垂直于所述圆柱形透镜5的中轴线9对其进行了剖切。所述接纳环6也像在附图的其它图示中一样围绕着这两个旋转轴7、7相对于镜筒1翻转了些许角度。所述圆柱形透镜5的沿纵向方向延伸的中轴线9布置在所述保持镜筒1的中心纵轴线11的延长线中，在附图中未示出的激光束也沿该延长线延伸。激光束由此不仅在标准位置中而且在偏转位置中都总是在通过所述中轴线9确定的中间面的区域中射到所述圆柱形透镜5上。
图4示出了所述保持镜筒1的相对于图3转置了90度的轴向剖切图。用于圆柱形透镜5的旋转轴8、8’被接纳在两侧的滑动轴承12、12’中，所述滑动轴承12、12’则被压入所述接纳环6中。所述圆柱形透镜5的中心10在此布置在所述保持镜筒1的纵轴线11的直接的延长线中，使得激光束不依赖于所述圆柱形透镜5的相对于保持镜筒1的倾角在中间穿过所述圆柱形透镜5。由此聚焦线的关于工件的空间位置在所述圆柱形透镜5翻转时仅仅受到细微的影响。

Claims (4)

1.用于以透射技术将由塑料制成的工件连接起来的激光装置，具有加工头，所述加工头具有用于激光束的聚焦装置，其中离工件最近的聚焦装置具有构造为辊子的以能够旋转的方式得到支承的圆柱形透镜(5)，该圆柱形透镜(5)使所述激光束沿一根唯一的轴线聚焦并且在一围绕着激光束的入射处的区域中线形地挤压所述工件，其特征在于，所述加工头具有用于能够旋转的圆柱形透镜(5)的摆动悬架。
2.按权利要求1所述的激光装置，其特征在于，所述摆动悬架的翻转轴穿过所述圆柱形透镜(5)的中心(10)。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的激光装置，其特征在于，作为压紧辊起作用的圆柱形透镜(5)通过万向接头与所述加工头相连接。
4.按前述权利要求中任一项所述的激光装置，其特征在于，所述圆柱形透镜(5)仅仅以一个端面与所述摆动悬架相连接。
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