CN101571563B - Integrative electric energy quality monitoring terminal - Google Patents
Integrative electric energy quality monitoring terminal Download PDFInfo
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- CN101571563B CN101571563B CN2009100865104A CN200910086510A CN101571563B CN 101571563 B CN101571563 B CN 101571563B CN 2009100865104 A CN2009100865104 A CN 2009100865104A CN 200910086510 A CN200910086510 A CN 200910086510A CN 101571563 B CN101571563 B CN 101571563B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an integrative electric energy quality monitoring terminal, comprising a hardware part, a monitoring sensor circuit and a software judging part, wherein the monitoring sensor circuit is used for sending detection signals to an A/D analog-digital conversion module by the design of the hardware part; the A/D analog-digital conversion module is used for sending processed information to a processor; the processor is used for feeding back the information to a display module and receiving a command from a control module; the processor is also provided with a real-time clock module and externally provided with a communication interface, and the information processing standard can be directly set by a switching value input/output module which is directly connected with a central processor.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of novel integrative electric energy quality monitoring terminal, particularly a kind of mains by harmonics on-line monitoring system based on virtual instrument belongs to power network monitoring and administers technical field.
Background technology
Electric network pollution mainly is meant idle pollution, higher hamonic wave, wink stream, surge, high frequency noise etc.These components directly produce harm to subscriber equipment.Safety, high-quality are the most basic requirements to Operation of Electric Systems, on the basis of electric system reliable power supply guaranteeing to continue, must guarantee the qualified quality of power supply.Along with the development of society, along with the widespread use of power electronic equipment in industry, a large amount of uses of various advanced instrument equipment because the adding of a large amount of nonlinear-loads makes the electrical network waveform distort, have produced harmonic wave but in recent years; When harmonic component contained in the electrical network acquires a certain degree, will cause harmonic pollution, the pollution of harmonic wave is on the rise, power equipment is brought serious harm, influence the normal operation of electric system, therefore, mains by harmonics administered paid much attention to, and the accurate detection of harmonic wave is a key link of power network harmonic wave management process.
Power Quality Detection is divided into non-online detection and online detection dual mode, but there is tangible limitation in the former, as: foundation, the workload that real-time is strong, the detection index is few, the shortage decision-making is judged is big, efficient is low etc.At present, all begin tentative online detection mode both at home and abroad.The online detection of the quality of power supply of China is a core with the monitoring instrument of a certain producer all generally, set up data center among a small circle, communication mode has based on MODEM's, have based on Ethernet or the like, but exist tangible problem: first, data between each monitoring instrument can not exchange mutually, can't realize data sharing; The second, the power quality index difference that different measuring points is investigated, and also index is also in continuous increase, and data center's dirigibility among a small circle is not enough, the data maintenance difficulty; The 3rd, the analysis of data at present still rest on gather, on the statistics, less than analysis expert system further.
See from different perspectives, pay close attention to or characterize power quality problem and have different viewpoints.From the power supply angle, the quality of power supply is meant the parameter conformance with standard of supply electric power and the degree of power supply reliability; From consumer manufacturer's angle, the quality of power supply is meant the desired electric energy characteristic of equipment; From user perspective, the quality of power supply is meant the abnormal disturbances of all supply voltages that can cause consumer misoperation, fault or power failure, electric current and frequency.
The quality of power supply is used to characterize the good and bad degree of electric energy quality.The quality of power supply comprises quality of voltage and frequency quality two parts.Wherein, quality of voltage is divided into amplitude and waveform quality two aspects again, weighs voltage magnitude with voltage deviation, voltage fluctuation and flicker, negative sequence voltage coefficient indexs such as (imbalance of three-phase voltage degree) usually, weighs waveform quality with voltage sinusoidal wave distortion rate.The frequency quality is then weighed with frequency departure.
Voltage quality disturbing can be divided into stable state and transient state two classes.The stable state disturbance comprises voltage deviation, three-phase imbalance, flickering and harmonic problem; The transient state disturbance comprises transient overvoltage, voltage dip, voltage swells and the instantaneous disruption of powering.From the frequency that takes place and to the extent of injury of consumer, modern power quality problem mainly is voltage dip, harmonic wave, Voltage unbalance and flickering.
Electric energy quality monitoring is divided into non-on-line monitoring and on-line monitoring dual mode, non-on-line monitoring adopts portable tester, irregularly some point of being paid close attention to is tested, this mode is invested little, more flexible, but there is tangible limitation, as: foundation, the workload that real-time is strong, monitoring index is few, the shortage decision-making is judged is big, efficient is low etc.
After people have recognized this point, all begin tentative on-line monitoring mode both at home and abroad, certainly, because the development of computer networking technology also makes the realization of on-line monitoring technique become possibility.
The quality of power supply on-line monitoring of China is a core with the monitoring instrument of a certain producer all generally, set up data center among a small circle, communication modes has based on MODEM's, have based on Ethernet or the like, this class mode also exists tangible problem: first, data between each monitoring instrument can not exchange mutually, can't realize sharing of data, the second, the power quality index difference that different measuring points is investigated, and index is also in continuous increase, those data center's dirigibilities among a small circle are not enough, data maintenance difficulty, the 3rd, the analysis of data at present still rests on and gathers, on the statistics, there is not further analysis expert system.
In 1993 between nineteen ninety-five, the EPRI of EPRI-Electric Power Research Institute (The Electric Power ResearchInstitute) has carried out data aggregation and statistical study at 277 monitoring points of the 24 kinds of different power supply enterprises in the whole America, study how system performance monitors, how special power quality problem monitors, how to monitor or the like for the service quality that improves power supply, this achievement in research becomes the guilding principle that the U.S. carries out electric energy quality monitoring.Subsequently, EPRI studies and defines power quality data Interchange Format PQDIF (POWER QUALITY DATAINTERCHANGE FOMAT) at different data acquisition sources again, this form is adopted by IEEE and it is formulated as standard, at present, some manufacturing firm has adopted this PQDIF standard format.
Comparatively speaking, external monitoring equipment and quality of power supply administrative skill main points are prior to domestic.
The invention provides a kind of novel integrative electric energy quality monitoring terminal.This novel integrative electric energy quality monitoring terminal, with harmonic wave detect, analyze, and failure wave-recording be integrated in one, realize that the harmonic wave of many circuits of a microcomputer monitoring also carries out failure wave-recording, have inexpensive, practical characteristics.
Summary of the invention:
Goal of the invention of the present invention can be monitored the multinomial energy data of electrical network in real time for providing a kind of, the large-scale synthesis monitoring processing terminal of synchronous coordination.A kind ofly collect that measurement, control, monitoring, protection and communication etc. are multi-functional to be the matured product of one.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of integrative electric energy quality monitoring terminal, described integrative electric energy quality monitoring terminal comprises hardware components, monitor sensor circuit, software is judged part, the described monitor sensor circuit that is designed to of described hardware components sends to the A/D D/A converter module with detection signal, described A/D D/A converter module will be handled back information and send to processor, described processor with information feedback to display module and receive instruction from control module, described processor also is furnished with real-time clock module and peripheral hardware communication interface, and described criteria for information processing can be by directly being provided with the direct-connected switching value input/output module of central processing unit.
Described central processing unit adopts the dual processor framework of DPS+ARM7, and described primary processor adopts the TMS320F2812 chip, auxilliary processor adopting Philip2292 chip, and system peripherals adopts field programmable gate function CPLD.
That described processor has is redundant, duplex industry Ethernet independently, and communication speed also disposes RS232C, RS485 communication interface greater than 100Mbps, can store process information in real time.
Described display module shows power quality data with graphics mode, and is provided with signal emergency warning lamp panel, and described man-machine operation interface is connected with the keyboard entry terminal.
Described monitor sensor circuit comprises accessory power supply, resistance pressure-dividing network, current transformer, and described accessory power supply directly is connected with integrative electric energy quality monitoring terminal, and described resistance pressure-dividing network is connected with the A/D analog-to-digital conversion module with current transformer.
Described electric resistance partial pressure net is provided with 3 voltage measurement circuits.
Described current transformer is provided with 3 current measurement circuits.
Described software judges that part adopts embedded real-time operating system UC/OS II as software platform.
Described integrative electric energy quality monitoring terminal has also adopted automatic frequency tracking.
Described integrative electric energy quality monitoring terminal also adopts the external GPS synchronous sampling technique.
Invention advantage of the present invention is:
This equipment series is the new product that my company designs and develops on the basis of the domestic and international equipment for monitoring power quality characteristics of research summary, the device main hardware based on my company's independent research, embedded hardware platform of new generation, this platform tool has following characteristics:
1) adopting PHILIP company's 32 high-performance ARM7 microprocessor and TI company 32 bit DSPs is core, has extremely strong data-handling capacity and logic, control ability, and kernal hardware is in advanced international level;
2) adopt international advanced embedded real-time operating system UC/OS II as software platform, all software adopts advanced language programming, has guaranteed the high reliability and the high transplantability of system;
3) part of data acquisition adopts 16 high-speed a/d converters of 6 passages, synchronized sampling, the acquisition precision height, and measured precision meets or exceeds electric energy quality monitoring index request of national standard;
4) adopt field programmable gate function CPLD, reduced a large amount of peripheral circuits, improved the reliability of system, strengthened the dirigibility of system simultaneously;
5) jumbo storage space satisfies the equipment for monitoring power quality requirements of data storage, and the real time data power down that can preserve more than 90 days is not lost;
6) adopted automatic frequency tracking technology, prevented from when power system frequency changes the influence of monitoring index has been prevented frequency " leakage ";
7) adopted the external GPS synchronous sampling technique, guaranteed in the same transformer station or different substation in the synchronized sampling of monitoring device, can relate to such as distributed application such as harmonic source detections;
8) that powerful communication interface, device have disposed is redundant, duplex industry Ethernet independently, and communication speed also disposes RS232C, RS485 communication interface up to 100Mbps, optional majority kind communication modes and distant place administrative center interaction data;
9) kernal hardware adopts eight layer printed circuit boards (PCB) technology and SMT technology, hardware reliability and Electromagnetic Compatibility reach advanced international level, especially anti-fast transient disturbs the level that has reached IEC61000-4-4:1995 standard I V level, has surpassed the requirement of GB to the EMC of equipment for monitoring power quality.
Aspect monitoring function, device also to the transient state disturbance of the quality of power supply, mainly is the rising sharply of voltage, rapid drawdown is monitored and record, has stronger practicality except that the monitoring with conventional quality of power supply stable state index.Mainly contain following function:
1) fundamental measurement amount: mains frequency; Voltage, current effective value; Total meritorious, reactive power, power factor.
2) fundamental surveillance index:
★ three-phase fundamental voltage, current effective value, fundamental power, power factor, phase place etc.;
The ★ voltage deviation;
The ★ frequency departure;
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the hardware design schematic diagram;
Specific embodiment
This equipment series is the new product that my company designs and develops on the basis of the domestic and international equipment for monitoring power quality characteristics of research summary, and the device main hardware is based on the embedded hardware platform of new generation of my company's independent research, and this platform tool has following characteristics:
Adopting PHILIP company's 32 high-performance ARM7 microprocessor and TI company 32 bit DSPs is core, has extremely strong data-handling capacity and logic, control ability, and kernal hardware is in advanced international level;
Adopt international advanced embedded real-time operating system UC/OS II as software platform, all software adopts advanced language programming, has guaranteed the high reliability and the high transplantability of system;
Part of data acquisition adopts 16 high-speed a/d converters of 6 passages, synchronized sampling, the acquisition precision height, and measured precision meets or exceeds electric energy quality monitoring index request of national standard;
Adopt field programmable gate function CPLD, reduced a large amount of peripheral circuits, improved the reliability of system, strengthened the dirigibility of system simultaneously;
Jumbo storage space satisfies the equipment for monitoring power quality requirements of data storage, and the real time data power down that can preserve more than 90 days is not lost;
Adopted automatic frequency tracking technology, prevented from when power system frequency changes the influence of monitoring index has been prevented frequency " leakage ";
Adopted the external GPS synchronous sampling technique, guaranteed in the same transformer station or different substation in the synchronized sampling of monitoring device, can relate to such as distributed application such as harmonic source detections;
That powerful communication interface, device have disposed is redundant, duplex industry Ethernet independently, and communication speed also disposes RS232C, RS485 communication interface up to 100Mbps, optional majority kind communication modes and distant place administrative center interaction data;
Kernal hardware adopts eight layer printed circuit boards (PCB) technology and SMT technology, hardware reliability and Electromagnetic Compatibility reach advanced international level, especially anti-fast transient disturbs the level that has reached IEC61000-4-4:1995 standard I V level, has surpassed the requirement of GB to the EMC of equipment for monitoring power quality.
Aspect monitoring function, device also to the transient state disturbance of the quality of power supply, mainly is the rising sharply of voltage, rapid drawdown is monitored and record, has stronger practicality except that the monitoring with conventional quality of power supply stable state index.Mainly contain following function:
Fundamental measurement amount: mains frequency; Voltage, current effective value; Total meritorious, reactive power, power factor.
The fundamental surveillance index:
★ three-phase fundamental voltage, current effective value, fundamental power, power factor, phase place etc.;
The ★ voltage deviation;
The ★ frequency departure;
★ imbalance of three-phase voltage degree, three-phase current unbalance degree, negative sequence voltage, electric current;
★ harmonic wave (2～50 times): comprise voltage, electric current total percent harmonic distortion, each harmonic containing ratio, amplitude,
Phase place; Meritorious, the reactive power of each harmonic etc.;
3) senior monitoring index:
Harmonic wave between ★;
★ voltage fluctuation, flickering;
★ voltage swells, rapid drawdown, interruption in short-term;
★ temporary overvoltage, transient overvoltage;
Presentation Function:
Have the giant-screen LCD display on the device panel, show the real time data of main electric energy quality monitoring index with graphics mode;
Function is set:
Can be provided with the device hardware clock, monitoring parameter is provided with, revise and checks, and be provided with cryptoguard;
The recording storage function:
Can preserve in real time fundamental surveillance index and senior monitoring index, the holding time can be provided with, and real time data the longest holding time on device is 90 days, upgrades by " first in first out " principle afterwards;
Statistical function:
Device has the online statistical function to main monitoring index, can add up the maximal value, minimum value, mean value, the big value of 95% probability of monitoring index in a time period etc.;
Communication function:
Device provides the various communication interfaces mode, realize the real-time Transmission or the timing extraction stored record of Monitoring Data, Industrial Ethernet interface and the communication of distant place quality of power supply administrative center can be passed through, also the RS232C/RS485 interface can be passed through, with Modem or GPRS mode and distant place communication;
GPS to the time function:
Device have GPS firmly to the time interface, can keep consistent with the clock of distant place administrative center;
Event triggered record wave energy:
Can set trigger conditions (manual or automatic) according to customer requirement, recording events triggers forward and backward real time data and preserves, and preserves event log for inquiry.
Monitor terminal adopts the dual processor framework of DSP+ARM7, and wherein TMS320F2812 is the dsp chip of the up-to-date release of TI company, is 32 most advanced on the present international market, that function is the most powerful fixed-point DSP chip.The highest arithmetic speed 150MIPS of instruction, instruction compatibility can be good.Adopt 16 high-precision adc D/A converter module ADS8364, precision improves 25%, the highest sampling rate 250kHz.Characteristics such as operation are changed, handled to the collection, the rapid data that are more suitable for the many signals of electrical network.The device panel disposes the LCD display of jumbotron, and resolution reaches 320*240, can graphics mode show power quality data; Simultaneously panel is provided with six LED signal lamps, can be used as alarm signal or the device of some power quality index when out-of-limit and alarm signal indication when unusual occurs; Also be provided with operation keyboard on the panel, can be used as the interface of human-machine operation,, operation such as can on LCD, check, revise, be provided with by keyboard operation.And have abundant sheet peripheral devices, be convenient to interface and modular design.It had both had digital signal processing capability, had powerful incident management ability and embedded Control function again, was specially adapted to the observing and controlling occasion of data processing in enormous quantities.DSP high-speed digital signal processing capacity and perfect management, communication, the abundant interface function of ARM7 are combined.
Data acquisition
The analog acquisition loop of this device configuration varying number, comprehensive actual functional capability needs and data-handling capacity, and sampling rate is 6.4KHz, i.e. ripple 128 points of sampling weekly.Core devices A/D conversion chip adopts 16 of TI company, 6 passages, synchronized sampling A/D converter spare, has the conversion accuracy height, and slewing rate is fast, advantages such as synchronized sampling.Simultaneously, owing to cause measuring error, device to be provided with the automatic frequency tracking loop during frequency departure ratings, adjust sampling interval in real time, for preventing to prevent frequency " leakage ".
Voltage deviation
1) definition of voltage deviation (GB/T12325-2003)
1) function
Device calculates three-phase phase voltage and line voltage in real time, and the master record cycle is 3s, and the instantaneous value of getting 3s carries out effective value and calculates, and its time label is the moment that finishes this 3 second.The time interval of recorded and stored can be set to the integral multiple in 3 seconds, and maximal value got in record.
The out-of-limit rate of rate of qualified voltage, voltage, voltage deviation maximal value, minimum value, mean value, the big value of 95% probability of (the shortest is 1 hour) in device can be added up at certain time intervals.
Device can be provided with the voltage deviation threshold value, and whether detect voltage deviation in real time out-of-limit, when the generation voltage deviation is out-of-limit, can generates the dependent event daily record automatically and also write down relevant event data.
2) index
Voltage measurement error: ± 0.2%;
Voltage deviation error: ± 0.2%.
4.3. frequency departure
1) definition of frequency departure (GB/T15945-1995)
Δ F=F (actual measurement)-F (specified)
2) function
Have functions such as record, statistics, logout.
3) index
Frequency error measurement: ± 0.01Hz.
Voltage, current imbalance degree
1) definition of voltage, current imbalance degree
The degree that refers to three-phase imbalance in the three-phase electrical power system is with the root-mean-square valve hundred of voltage or electric current negative sequence component and positive-sequence component
Proportion by subtraction is represented.Voltage or current imbalance degree are used ε respectively
UOr ε
IExpression.
Wherein:
U
1---the positive-sequence component root-mean-square valve of three-phase voltage; U
2---the negative sequence component root-mean-square valve of three-phase voltage
I
1---the positive-sequence component root-mean-square valve of three-phase voltage; I
2---the negative sequence component root-mean-square valve of three-phase voltage
2) function
Device synthesizes positive sequence, negative sequence voltage and electric current according to the three-phase voltage, the three-phase current that calculate by software, thus the degree of unbalancedness of calculating voltage, electric current, and master record cycle and recorded and stored cycle are with 3.2 and 3.3.
Device has statistics and the out-of-limit event recording function to degree of unbalancedness equally.
3) index
Voltage unbalance degree error: ± 0.2%;
Current imbalance degree error: ± 0.5%.
Harmonic monitoring
1) definition
Harmonic wave (Harmonic) promptly carries out Fourier series to periodic variable quantity and decomposes, and obtains frequency and is the component greater than 1 integral multiple fundamental frequency, and it is produced by nonlinear-load in the electrical network.
2) function
Device carries out FFT to voltage, current sampling data and decomposes, and can obtain the each harmonic component, owing to taked the automatic frequency tracking compensation, has eliminated frequency " leakage ", has prevented the measuring error that causes under the fundamental frequency offrating situation.In real time calculated amount comprises: total percent harmonic distortion of voltage, electric current, 2～50 subharmonic containing ratios, amplitude, the phase place that require according to GB A level; Meritorious, the reactive power of each harmonic etc.Master record cycle and recorded and stored cycle are the same.
Device can show the real-time waveform of electric current, voltage on panel LCD, the harmonic wave rod figure of voltage, electric current, the real-time waveform of each harmonic electric current, voltage.Has harmonic wave Threshold Crossing Alert function simultaneously.The statistical function of relevant harmonic wave is finished at host computer.
The device harmonic measure reaches GB A grade standard;
Between harmonic monitoring
Harmonic problem has caused concern widely in the electric system.(GB/T 14549-93) stipulated limit value and method of testing to harmonic wave to existing national standard " quality of power supply utility network harmonic wave ", and humorous to asking (interharmonics), present domestic shortage measurement means, relevant documents and materials are also seldom.In fact harmonic wave and influence thereof extensively are present in the electric system between, are necessary very much a harmonic wave is monitored and is limited in certain limit value.
1) definition of harmonic wave and generation reason between
Ask the harmonic wave that harmonic wave is meant non-integral multiple fundamental frequency, this rahmonic can be discrete spectrum or continuous frequency spectrum.
All nonlinear fluctuating loads (milling train of electric arc furnaces, electric welding machine, thyristor power supply or the like), various RHVC, cascade speed regulator and induction motor etc. are and ask harmonic source synchronously, therefore between harmonic wave extensively be present in the electric system;
Harmonic voltage can cause light flash between in the electric system, receiver, televisor, radio receiver or other audio frequency apparatus to tonepulse control cause interference, also may cause induction motor noise and vibration } cause problems such as the misoperation of low-frequency relay and passive power filter overcurrent tripping.Therefore harmonic voltage should be limited in enough low level (being generally below 02) between;
2) measurement of harmonic wave between
For the waveform that contains a harmonic wave, because the frequency of a harmonic component is the branch several times of first-harmonic and is unpredictable, often very difficult definite wave period.Therefore the error that asynchronous frequency leakage that causes and fence effect cause in measuring is inevitable.And the amplitude of a harmonic wave often much smaller than the amplitude of base quilt with harmonic component, this means that a harmonic component has very high sensitivity to spectrum leakage.The spectrum leakage of harmonic component might flood real between harmonic wave, perhaps produce false between harmonic wave and be difficult to explanation.When the frequency of a harmonic wave and first-harmonic, harmonic component near the time, this influence is just more obvious.In addition, between the frequency domain distance of harmonic wave and first-harmonic and each harmonic component less than a power frequency, need improve frequency resolution when that is to say between detecting harmonic wave, this just requires the sampling time lengthening, for this reason, IEC 61000-4-7 (6) and IEC 61000-4-30 (7) regulation are to power frequency 50Hz system, and it is that frequency resolution is 5Hz that the sampling time is got 10 cycles (200ms).According to the general requirement of National Standard power quality monitoring device " regulation, the device this standard is adopted in the measurement of a harmonic wave, that is:
---the monitoring obtaining value method of a harmonic wave still carries out at the obtaining value method of harmonic wave according to GB/T 14549-93, and promptly a master record cycle was 3 seconds;
---the resolution of a harmonic wave is generally 1/8 work frequency, also can be set to other frequencies according to the needs of concrete test;
Between the monitoring function of harmonic wave can be set to as required start or stop, on device is realized, harmonic wave between 20 amplitude maximums of device storage.
3), index
The harmonic measure precision index reaches the A grade standard with reference to the harmonic measure accuracy requirement between this device.
Voltage fluctuation and flickering
The voltage fluctuation of electric system and flickering mainly are to be caused by the load with impact power, as RHVC, electric furnace arrangement for producing steel, electric railway and rolling mill etc.These non-linear, uneven impact loads are gained merit in process of production and reactive power changes at random or periodically significantly, when its undulating current flows through supply line's impedance, produce the pressure drop of change, cause on the same electrical network other user's voltage with identical frequency jitter.This voltage magnitude (be generally ratings 90%～110%) within the specific limits is regular or change randomly, is called voltage fluctuation.
Voltage fluctuation can cause many electrical equipment cisco unity malfunctions usually, as influence television picture quality, make motor speed pulsation, make electronic device work not normal, make incandescent light that flicker or the like take place.Because generally consumer far below incandescent lamp, for this reason, is selected the subjective visual sense of people to the fluctuation of incandescent lamp illumination to the susceptibility of voltage fluctuation, i.e. " flickering " is as the evaluation index of weighing the voltage fluctuation extent of injury.
1) voltage fluctuation
Voltage fluctuation (Δ V) is the cyclical variation of a series of variations in voltage or power-frequency voltage envelope.Magnitude of a voltage fluctuation is that the percentage poor, Chang Yiqi rated voltage U of two adjacent extreme values of rms voltage is represented its relative percentage value, promptly
ΔV＝(U
max-U
min)/U
N*100％
Preserved a voltage fluctuation record in per 10 minutes by the GB requirement, get the maximal value of voltage fluctuation in 10 minutes complete voltage fluctuation record of moment formation together with this 10 minute time period end;
2) flickering
The main short time flickering of the measurement index of voltage flicker severity P
StWith long-time flickering severity P
Lt, fixed respectively
Justice is:
P in the formula
0.1, P
1, P
3, P
10, P
50Be respectively instantaneous flickering visual sense degree S (t) and surpass 0.1%, 1%, 3%, 10%, the P of 50% time ratio
kValue.
S (t): instantaneous flickering visual sense degree, the time dependent a series of values of the instantaneous value of flickering power.
P
k: a certain instantaneous visual sense degree S (t) value is institute's accounting in whole detection time section
P in the formula
St, k: be the k time measured P
StThe P that was surveyed every 10 minutes in value N:2 hour
StThe number of value.
Because flickering relates to more notion, is necessary these notions are done a summary.
1. rule F (%) is perceiveed in flickering
The subjective feeling that the human eye that " flickering " causes as voltage fluctuation dodges lamp, not only relevant, also relevant with the performance of the frequency of fluctuation, waveform, light fixture and people's factors such as visual sense with the size of voltage fluctuation.The influence degree of flickering to people's vision be to be described, IEC recommend to adopt the amplitude modulation of different wave, frequency, amplitude involve power-frequency voltage as carrier wave to power frequency 230V, 60W incandescent lamp powered lighting.Through observer's sampling (＞500 people) investigation, the statistical formula that rule F (%) is perceiveed in flickering is:
F＝(C+D)/(A+B+C+D)×100％ (4-2)
A in the formula---the number that does not perceive;
B---the number that slightly perceives;
C---the number that obviously perceives is arranged;
D---insupportable number
2. instantaneous visual sense degree st
Voltage fluctuation causes that the illumination fluctuation is called instantaneous flickering visual sense degree st to people's subjective vision reaction.Usually perceiveing rate with flickering is 50%, as the unit of measurement of instantaneous flickering visual sense degree, promptly is defined as st=1 and perceives unit.Perceiveing corresponding each the voltage to frequency undulating quantity Δ V% of unit with st=1, is the experimental basis of research flickering.
3. visual sense degree COEFFICIENT K f
The variation of people's cranial nerve contrast degree needs minimum memory time, the illumination fluctuation ordinary people who is higher than a certain frequency just is not aware of, flickering is through the subjective visual sense of lamp a glance one brain link reflection people to illumination, and introducing visual sense degree COEFFICIENT K f more constitutionally describes the lamp frequency characteristic of a brain link at a glance.
The visual sense degree coefficient that IEC recommends is:
Kf=produces the f Hz sinusoidal voltage fluctuation of the same visual sense degree of 8.8Hz sinusoidal voltage fluctuation/generation of same visual sense degree
4. short time flickering severity P
StWith long-time flickering severity P
Lt
For the voltage fluctuation of random variation such as electric arc furnaces load, not only to check its peak to peak, also to observe the special part of statistics of voltage fluctuation in the long enough time.P
St(timing statistics is 10min) is the statistical value of describing the short time flickering, P
Lt(timing statistics is 2h) is for describing the statistical value of long-time flickering.
By the GB requirement, a record cycle of flickering in short-term is 10 minutes, and flickering is 2 hours when long.
Generally, voltage fluctuation and flickering do not need the real-time continuous monitoring, can start or stop as required.
3, index
Voltage fluctuation measuring error: ± 5%;
Flicker measurement error: ± 5%;
The monitoring of transient state disturbance
The transient state disturbance comprises transient overvoltage, voltage dip, transient overvoltage and short time voltage disruption.
Voltage dip is meant that rms voltage is reduced under the power frequency condition and approaches at 0 o'clock, and the duration is the short time voltage fluctuation phenomenon of 0.5 cycle to 1 minute.
The short time voltage stage casing is meant that supply voltage disappears a period of time (it is following that voltage drops to 0.1p.u.), generally is no more than a few minutes.Interrupt to think the voltage dip of 100% amplitude in short-term.
Transient overvoltage is meant the superpotential of on given mounting points long-term unattenuated or underdamping (with power frequency or its certain multiple, mark) vibration.
Transient overvoltage is meant duration number millisecond or shorter, has strongly damped vibration or nonoscillating a kind of superpotential usually.It can be superimposed on the temporary overvoltage.
Wherein, the monitoring of transient overvoltage and transient overvoltage and limit value require existing regulation in the GB/T18481-2001 standard, and monitoring that voltage dip and short time voltage are interrupted and measurement index do not have corresponding GB regulation as yet, and prove in a large amount of documents and the actual production process, voltage dip and short time voltage interruption are the quality of power supply incidents to the customer impact maximum, therefore are necessary very much voltage dip and interruption are in short-term monitored.
To the disturbance of above-mentioned quality of power supply transient state, device can be achieved as follows function:
1) real-time monitoring voltage instantaneous value when disturbance takes place, through specific detection algorithm, is judged disturbance, and provides the moment that disturbance takes place, the amplitude of disturbance, the phase change of disturbance, information such as disturbance duration;
2) judge disturbance after, start the waveform capture function immediately, promptly record wave energy, note disturbance and finish voltage waveform in a period of time of back to disturbance for the previous period.
Harmonic source detects
Cause the sine-shaped distortion of system, produce the equipment and the load of higher hamonic wave, be called harmonic source.All nonlinear equipment and load all are harmonic sources.
Current harmonic source mainly contains three major types:
1. ferromagnetic saturation type: as the exciting curent of iron core equipment such as transformer, reactor, main harmonic wave is 3,5,7 times.
2. electronic on-off-type: as various power electronic equipments such as rectifier, inverters, its ac-side current waveform is switch and suits and the commutation characteristic, and characteristic harmonics is with relevant with pulse number p, h=kp ± 1, k=1,2,3 ..., Ih/I1≤1/h.
3. electric arc type: as electric arc furnaces, its harmonic current has very big randomness, and main harmonic wave is 2,3,4,5,7 times.
The main target that harmonic source detects is: harmonic source is from user side or system side.
It is the application that Practical significance is arranged very much that harmonic source detects, but also is a relatively thing of difficulty, and there are many problems in existing certain methods or scheme, as defectiveness in theory, and can't practicability etc.The relative merits of the comprehensively existing detection method of this device have been taked new algorithm, and useful exploration has been carried out in the detection of harmonic source, and this scheme awaits to test in practice certainly.
Failure wave-recording
Device has the failure wave-recording function, starts the record ripple in the time of can or disturbance taking place when power quality index is out-of-limit, but recording voltage, current instantaneous value waveform or effective value waveform, and recorder data record format adopts the IEEE-comtrade form.Be furnished with special-purpose record wave analysis software, can analyze data, show, storage etc.
The key technical indexes
1. working power
Ratings: DC220V/AC220V/DC110V (need indicate during order);
Permissible variation :-20%～+ 15%;
Power consumption: be not more than 15W;
2. alternating current input
Input mode: current transformer input;
Ratings In:5A/1A;
Measurement range: 0～2In;
Power consumption: be not more than the 0.5VA/ road;
Overload capacity: 2In continuous working;
40In allows 1s.
3. alternating voltage input
Input mode: voltage transformer (VT) input;
Ratings Un:57.7V;
Measurement range: 0～1.2Un;
Power consumption: be not more than the 0.5VA/ road;
Overload capacity: 1.3Un continuous working;
1.4Un allow 1s.
4. switching value input
Operating voltage: DC110V/DC220V/AC220V/DC24V;
Input mode: idle contact or source contact is arranged;
Isolation method: photoelectricity is isolated, isolation voltage 2500V.
5. environment
Normal working temperature :-10 ℃～+ 55 ℃;
The limit of working temperature :-20 ℃～+ 65 ℃;
Relative humidity: 5%～95%;
Atmospheric pressure: 86kPa～106kPa;
Height above sea level: can reach 2000 meters;
Degree of protection: IP50.
6. security performance
◆ dielectric strength
It is that 2kV, frequency are 50Hz, last the dielectric(al) test of 1min that device can bear effective value, does not puncture and the flashover phenomenon and have.
◆ insulation resistance
With open-circuit voltage is the insulating resistance value of the megohmmeter measurement mechanism of 500V, and each loop insulation resistance of each grade is not less than 20M Ω under the normal test atmosphere.
◆ surge voltage
Under normal test atmosphere, the power supply input circuit of device, ac input circuit, output contact loop over the ground with
And the impulse voltage test in short-term that can bear the standard lightning wave of 1.2/50 μ s between the loop, open-circuit test voltage 5kV.
◆ wet-hot aging performance
Device should be able to bear the steady-state damp heat test of GB/T 2423.9-2001 regulation.Test temperature+40 ℃ ± 2 ℃, relative humidity (93 ± 3) %, test period is 48 hours, in preceding 2 hours of off-test, with 500V direct current megohmmeter, measure each outer leader tape electricity loop feature and expose between non-live metal part and the shell and the electric insulation resistance of between unrelated each loop should be not less than 1.5M Ω; Dielectric withstanding voltage intensity be not less than table 1 regulation dielectric strength trial voltage amplitude 75%.
7. Electro Magnetic Compatibility
◆ esd immunity
Harsh grade by GB/T 17626.2-1998 regulation is the esd immunity test of IV level.
◆ radio frequency electromagnetic field radiation immunity
Harsh grade by GB/T 17626.3-1998 regulation is the radio frequency electromagnetic field radiation immunity experiment of III level.
◆ fast transient pulse train immunity to interference
Harsh grade by GB/T 17626.4-1998 regulation is the fast transient pulse train immunity experiment of IV level.
◆ the pulse train immunity to interference
By GB/T 17626.12-1998 assigned frequency is that 100kHz and the harsh grade of 1MHz are the pulse train immunity experiment of III level.
◆ surge (impact) immunity to interference
By the harsh grade of GB/T 17626.5-1998 regulation 1.2/50us is the surge immunity test of III level.
8. mechanical property
◆ vibration
The harsh grade that device can bear 3.2.1 and 3.2.2 regulation among the GB/T 11287-2000 is the vibration endurance test of I level.
◆ impact
The harsh grade that device can bear 4.2.1 and 4.2.2 regulation among the GB/T14537-1993 is the shock response test of I level.
◆ collision
The harsh grade that device can bear 4.3 regulations among the GB/T14537-93 is the impact test of I level.
Claims (6)
1. integrative electric energy quality monitoring terminal, described integrative electric energy quality monitoring terminal comprises hardware components, monitor sensor circuit, software is judged part, it is characterized in that: the described monitor sensor circuit that is designed to of described hardware components sends to the A/D analog-to-digital conversion module with detection signal, described A/D analog-to-digital conversion module will be handled back information and send to central processing unit, described central processing unit with information feedback to display module and receive instruction from control module, described central processing unit also is furnished with real-time clock module and peripheral hardware communication interface, criteria for information processing can be by directly being provided with the direct-connected switching value input/output module of central processing unit, described central processing unit adopts the dual processor framework of DSP+ARM7, wherein DSP is a primary processor, ARM7 is auxilliary processor, described primary processor adopts the TMS320F2812 chip, auxilliary processor adopting Philip2292 chip, system peripherals adopts field programmable gate function CPLD; Described monitor sensor circuit comprises accessory power supply, resistance pressure-dividing network, current transformer, and described accessory power supply directly is connected with integrative electric energy quality monitoring terminal, and described resistance pressure-dividing network is connected with the A/D analog-to-digital conversion module with current transformer; After measuring voltage, by formula Δ V=(U
Max-U
Min)/U
N* 100% calculating voltage undulating quantity, wherein: U
MaxAnd U
MinBe two of rms voltage adjacent extreme values, U
NBe rated voltage; By short time flickering severity P
S (t)With long-time flickering severity P
LtWeigh the extent of injury of voltage fluctuation: wherein,
P in the formula
0.1, P
1, P
3, P
10, P
50Be respectively instantaneous flickering visual sense degree S (t) and surpass 0.1%, 1%, 3%, 10%, the P of 50% time ratio
kValue; S (t): instantaneous flickering visual sense degree, the time dependent a series of values of the instantaneous value of flickering power, P
kBe a certain instantaneous visual sense degree s (t) value institute's accounting in whole detection time section;
P in the formula
S (t), kBe the k time measured P
S (t)Value, N is 2 hours P that surveyed every 10 minutes
S (t)The number of value; Described integrative electric energy quality monitoring terminal be provided with automatic frequency tracking loop and GPS firmly to the time interface.
2. a kind of integrative electric energy quality monitoring terminal according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described central processing unit has redundant, duplex industry Ethernet independently, communication speed 10/100Mbps self-adaptation also disposes RS232C, RS485 communication interface, can store process information in real time.
3. a kind of integrative electric energy quality monitoring terminal according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described display module shows power quality data with graphics mode, and is provided with signal emergency warning lamp panel, and described man-machine operation interface is connected with the keyboard entry terminal.
4. a kind of integrative electric energy quality monitoring terminal according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described resistance pressure-dividing network is provided with 3 voltage measurement circuits.
5. a kind of integrative electric energy quality monitoring terminal according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described current transformer is provided with 3 current measurement circuits.
6. a kind of integrative electric energy quality monitoring terminal according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described software judges that part adopts embedded real-time operating system UC/OS II as software platform.
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| CN101571563B true CN101571563B (en) | 2011-08-17 |
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