CN101557106B - Method for computing the reliability of UHVDC transmission system - Google Patents
Method for computing the reliability of UHVDC transmission system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for computing the reliability of a UHVDC transmission system, and relates to a method for computing the reliability of a double 12-pulse connection HVDC transmission system. The method utilizes a computer, a program and a state enumeration method to respectively compute the reliability index of a double 12-pulse connection single-side converter transformer subsystem and the reliability index of a single-side wave exchange filter subsystem firstly, and to compute the reliability index of the whole DC transmission system secondly. The method has the advantages ofgood model commonality, convenient popularization and application, high computing accuracy, fast computing speed and the like. The method can be widely applied to computing the reliability of the dou ble 12-pulse connection HVDC transmission, particularly to that of the UHVDC transmission system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to DC transmission system reliability calculation method technical field, be specifically related to the HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission system reliability calculation method of two 12 arteries and veins wiring.
Background technology
The basic task of electric power system is economical as far as possible and reliably electric energy is supplied with the user, safety, economy, high-quality, reliably is fundamental requirement to electric power system.But, in the process that the function of modern power industry system becomes better and approaching perfection day by day, the structure of system is complicated day by day, the number of elements that system comprised is more and more, automaticity is also more and more higher, and system constantly develops to superhigh pressure, remote and big capacity direction, and the part even the total loss of the systemic-function that the random fault that occurs owing to system element causes give the ordinary production of modern society and economy and social loss that life brings more and more huger.The frontier nature problem that therefore power system reliability research propose from practical activities such as power system planning, design and running just with huge economic value and great social effect.Through the continuous effort in more than 60 years, power system reliability research had great development.In some developed countries, power system reliability research has all had comparatively ripe method at aspects such as data statistics and system index calculating at present, and reliability assessment just progressively becomes the routines in the power system planning decision-making.
The 12 arteries and veins wiring of bipolar (positive and negative electrode) doube bridge (being converter bridge) of the general employing of HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission system at present, its reliability calculation method mainly contains: the method that fault tree method (FTA method), frequency duration method (FD method), fault tree method and frequency duration method are mixed mutually etc.
FTA is a kind of use figure deductive logic inference method, failure cause with the figure illustrative system, the fault of the fault of system with the parts of forming system organically linked together, can find out all possible failure states of system, just whole minimal cut sets of fault tree claim that perhaps they are fault spectrums of system.As rolling up " direct current system reliability failure tree assessment models and the application " literary composition in the 6th phase " Automation of Electric Systems " in June the 25th in 2005, disclosed is structure and characteristic according to the bipolar DC system, adopt FTA, the dc system fault consequence is divided into one pole stoppage in transit, bipolar stoppage in transit, make the fault tree graph then respectively, adopt the fault tree quantitative analysis method to calculate system's one pole stoppage in transit, bipolar stop transport corresponding probability and Frequency Index.When the Analysis of Complex system, because the logical relation complexity, the amount of calculation of FTA is bigger, be unable to do without computerization and software implementation.Particularly two 12 arteries and veins wiring extra-high voltage direct-current system transmission capacity are big, element is many, complex structure and calculation condition complexity, the amount of calculation that makes FTA is become very huge, transfer at random between more can not the various states of taking into account system, result of calculation will inevitably be brought error.
The FD method is based on the state space graph of setting up whole DC transmission system and each subsystem and obtain corresponding equivalent model, sets up the state space graph of whole HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission system by making up each equivalent model.In the process of setting up state space graph and each subsystem equivalent model being made up, can consider the various complicated technology conditions of actual high-voltage DC transmission system.As rolling up May the 36th in 2008 in " the single two 12 arteries and veins wiring reliability comparative analyses of the HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission system " literary composition in the 9th phase " relay ", the disclosed Markov principle that is based on, DC transmission system is divided into the plurality of sub system, consider their relations each other all sidedly, set up the state space graph and the equivalent capacity model of each subsystem, and make up layer by layer, finally set up the state space graph that can characterize whole DC transmission system, calculate the direct current system reliability index based on the FD method.And for extra-high voltage DC transmission system, itself is comparatively complicated, the state space dimension is more, though can reduce dimension by the equivalent model of setting up each subsystem and whole system, but the drafting of state space graph is still comparatively loaded down with trivial details and be easy to make mistakes, need the professional to set up, inconvenience is applied.
For one-sided alternating current filter subsystem Calculation of Reliability, FD method and fault tree method are that the simple equivalence of one-sided all alternating current filters is the three condition element: i.e. 100% operation (the two poles of the earth are moved fully), 50% operation (one pole operation), 0% operation (bipolar simultaneous faults), do not consider the influence of reactive capability table and AC filter and breaker.For one-sided converter transformer subsystem Calculation of Reliability, computational methods adopt the FD method, because system mode is various, state space graph is very complicated, when considering two 12 arteries and veins wiring extra-high voltage direct-current communication systems, corresponding state space graph can't be accurately made in the influence of the spare part and the converter transformer mode of connection in addition, promptly adopts the FD method can't calculate the one-sided converter transformer subsystem of extra-high voltage DC transmission system reliability.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is, deficiency at existing HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission system reliability calculation method, a kind of reliability calculation method of extra-high voltage DC transmission system is provided, this method is more general, single 12 arteries and veins wiring super high voltage direct current electricity transmission system reliabilities not only can be calculated, two 12 arteries and veins wiring reliability of UHVDC transmission system can also be calculated; Can consider of the influence of reactive capability table to alternating current filter subsystem reliability; Can consider the different standby modes of converter transformer subsystem and the mode of connection characteristics such as influence to system reliability.
Realize that the object of the invention technical scheme is: a kind of reliability of UHVDC transmission system computational methods, utilize computer, pass through calculation procedure, employing state enumerative technique, calculate the reliability index of two one-sided converter transformer subsystems of 12 arteries and veins wiring and one-sided alternating current filter subsystem earlier respectively, calculate the reliability index of whole DC transmission system then, the concrete grammar step is as follows:
(1), the one-sided converter transformer subsystem of two 12 arteries and veins wiring extra-high voltage DC transmission systems Calculation of Reliability
Because the converter transformer subsystem is that one-sided integral body is standby, dividing set of connections by 12 pulse wave converter valve, when calculating its reliability, is that unit carries out integrality and enumerates with the current conversion station, judge standby input situation then, merge all enumeration state and obtain converter transformer subsystem reliability results.
1) imports each component reliability parameter of one-sided converter transformer subsystem in two 12 arteries and veins wiring HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission system, comprise failure rate λ, repair time (8760/ μ, μ are repair rate) and the set-up time γ (the installation rate is 8760/ γ) of converter transformer; The failure rate λ of circuit breaker, repair time (8760/ μ, μ are repair rate) and isolation time, these dependability parameters all are to obtain by the engineering actual count;
2) enumerate one-sided converter transformer event of failure
(1)---1) step finish after, to one-sided each element of converter transformer subsystem, enumerate event of failure, the event of failure of converter transformer is enumerated quadravalence incident (being that the fault element number is four), rectification side and inversion side are enumerated respectively, and obtain piece barrier sets of elements that this enumerates event of failure.
3) from the concentrated fault replaceable components collection of finding out of fault element
(1)---2) finish after, the relatively model and the connected mode of fault element collection and spare part lumped elements, when the model and the connected mode of spare part was consistent with fault element, then this fault element was a replaceable components.Thereby seek out all interchangeable elements, form fault replaceable components collection.
What 4) form the replaceable components collection standbyly enables priority ordering
(1)---3) finish after, at first consider the transformer platform number that the converter transformer of each valve group correspondence need be replaced.With 1)---3) go on foot each the concentrated transformer of fault replaceable components that forms, carry out the standby priority ordering of enabling.Press earlier the number ordering of element: in the converter transformer of valve group correspondence, the replaceable components number that comprises is few more, and then the standby priority of enabling of this transformer is high more; In the converter transformer of valve group correspondence, when the number of the replaceable components that comprises equated, then the standby priority of enabling of this transformer was equal to.Enable the transformer that priority is equal to standby, again by the ordering of the size of its capacity: when the capacity of transformer group and corresponding valve group thereof is big more, its standby priority of enabling is high more, and when the valve pool-size of transformer group and correspondence thereof equated, its standby priority of enabling was equal to.Enable the transformer that priority is equal to standby, more further by its equivalent fault ordering repair time: when the fault correction time of transformer is long more, then the standby priority of enabling of this transformer is high more; When the fault correction time of transformer equated, its standby priority of enabling was equal to, and then these transformers can be enabled at random, thereby form the standby priority ordering of enabling of transformer of replaceable fault element collection.
5) carrying out transformer by standby order of enabling priority ordering replaces
(1)---4) finish after, to (1)---2) step enumerates event of failure, by the 1st)---4) the standby order of enabling priority ordering of the transformer that forms carries out the replacement of converter transformer, and carries out the availability factor and the unavailability ratio calculating of fault element.When availability factor of carrying out fault element and unavailability ratio calculating, by standby order of enabling priority ordering, replace with the standby set-up time repair time of fault element.
6) calculate probability, frequency and the corresponding power system capacity of enumerating event of failure
(1)---5) finish after, be calculated as follows the probability of enumerating event of failure earlier:
In the formula: A
iAnd U
iBe respectively i element availability factor and unavailability ratio, N
fAnd N-N
fIt is respectively the number of elements that lost efficacy and do not lose efficacy among the state s.
The frequency of enumerating event of failure is:
In the formula, λ
kBe k the rate of transform that element leaves from state s.When k element at work, λ then
kIt is failure rate; When k element be in stop transport and do not have standby, λ then
kBe repair rate, standby input, then λ still arranged when k element is in to stop transport
kIt is standby installation rate.Enumerating event of failure capacity corresponding state is determined by the stoppage in transit capacity that the converter transformer fault causes.
7) (1)---6) after the step finishes, judge then whether enumerate event of failure finishes: when finishing, then export result of calculation; Otherwise return (1)---1) step carries out event of failure again and enumerates, carrying out the reliability index of one-sided converter transformer subsystem at last calculates: the probability that subsystem is in certain capacity status all of capacity status correspondence is for this reason enumerated event of failure failure probability sum, and the frequency that subsystem is in certain capacity status all of capacity status correspondence is for this reason enumerated incident failure frequency sum.
(2), the one-sided alternating current filter subsystem of two 12 arteries and veins wiring extra-high voltage DC transmission systems Calculation of Reliability
1) imports respectively in two 12 arteries and veins wiring extra-high voltage DC transmission systems, (wherein: A type alternating current filter is meant the double tunning alternating current filter 11/13 time for the A of one-sided alternating current filter subsystem, B, C, D type, the Type B alternating current filter is meant 3/24/36 time three tuning alternating current filter, C type and D type alternating current filter are meant the high pass alternating current filter) the statistics failure rate λ and repair time (8760/ μ, μ are repair rate) of alternating current filter; The failure rate λ of bus and repair time (8760/ μ, μ are repair rate); The barrier rate λ of circuit breaker, repair time (8760/ μ, μ are repair rate) and isolation time γ ';
2) enumerate one-sided alternating current filter event of failure
(2)---1) step finish after, to the element of one-sided alternating current filter subsystem, enumerate event of failure, event of failure is enumerated five rank (being that the fault element number is five);
3) determine to enumerate event of failure capacity corresponding state
(2)---2) finish after, determine that one-sided alternating current filter subsystem enumerates event of failure capacity corresponding state:
1. single the determining of event of failure capacity status of enumerating
Because capacity status is only relevant with the type and the quantity of filter, the failure effect of bus can be by the failure effect equivalence of alternating current filter simultaneously, the capacity status of determining system according to the type and the quantity of filter.Concrete grammar is as follows:
In enumeration process, a certain single event of failure corresponding A, B, C, D type alternating current filter number enumerated is respectively N
a, N
b, N
cAnd N
dSearch alternating current filter reactive capability table is found out all and is satisfied N
a〉=N
Ak, N
b〉=N
Bk, N
c〉=N
Ck, N
d〉=N
DkCapacity status set φ, wherein N
Ak, N
Bk, N
Ck, N
DkBe respectively A, B, C, the D type alternating current filter number of capacity status k correspondence, then maximum capacity status is the single event of failure capacity corresponding state of enumerating among the capacity status set φ.
2. the equivalence of AC filter and breaker isolation processes and repair process
Isolation processes and repair process separate computations to circuit breaker failure, the failure effect of its isolation processes is identical with the bus that it is connected, it repairs consequence identical with the filter that it is joined (interchange main bus bar connect circuit breaker failure consequence and its connect the alternating current filter bus identical), then respectively with the isolation processes and the repair process equivalence of circuit breaker.
3. the equivalence of circuit breaker isolation processes and failure effect thereof determines
Fig. 3 has provided the one-sided alternating current filter allocation plan of certain DC transmission system, A, B, three kinds of model alternating current filters of C are connected in groups with bus by circuit breaker earlier among the figure, then by the group circuit breaker with to exchange main bus bar continuous, have three groups of alternating current filters among the figure, each configuration set is respectively 1A1B1C, 1A2B1C and 1A1B2C.In the circuit breaker isolation processes, the circuit breaker of main bus bar and the little bus of alternating current filter, the little bus of alternating current filter is the relation of connecting with bus, it can be merged with the equivalent formula of series connection.The element that only has three types of big buses, little bus, filter so in the system.
Carrying out the multistage fault of one-sided alternating current filter subsystem when enumerating, only there are two kinds of situations, the one, the fault effects capacity addition of element, the one, element fault consequence capacity " is got big " (getting any that is included in greatly in equating).Have only under two kinds of situations it is got big processing, the one, little bus and the filter fault that is connected with its time, the one, there is big busbar fault in the state.
When handling multistage malfunction, carry out the big processing of getting under the same bus earlier, then with each capacity addition, can get the consequence of multistage malfunction.
4) calculate probability, the frequency of enumerating event of failure
(2)---3) step finish after, earlier by formula (1) and formula (2) in (1) step, event of failure probability and frequency are enumerated in calculating, the probability of enumerating event of failure of same capability state again adds up, be the accumulative total failure probability of subsystem, the same capability state that adds up is enumerated the frequency of event of failure, is the accumulative total failure frequency of subsystem, carry out the judgement of finishing that fault is enumerated incident then: when finishing, then export result of calculation; Otherwise return (2)---1), enumerate event of failure again.
(3), two 12 arteries and veins wiring reliability of UHVDC transmission system calculate
Two 12 arteries and veins wiring DC transmission system Calculation of Reliability flow charts now elaborate the Calculation of Reliability step of two 12 arteries and veins wiring DC transmission system as shown in Figure 2 in conjunction with Fig. 2:
1) input system initial data and system topological relation
In the two 12 arteries and veins wiring extra-high voltage DC transmission systems of input, statistics failure rate, repair time and the set-up time of alternating current filter, converter transformer, bus, circuit breaker, smoothing reactor, valve group, the control of standing, utmost point control, accessory power supply, DC power transmission line;
2) calculate the multimode stoppage in transit capacities chart of each subsystem
(3)---1) after the step finishes, calculate the multimode stoppage in transit capacities chart of each subsystem:
According to the typical structure of extra-high voltage direct-current current conversion station, its subsystem comprises converter transformer subsystem, control protected subsystem, valve set system, alternating current filter subsystem, alternating-current field, dc fields, DC power transmission line and auxiliary equipment.Calculate each subsystem reliability respectively, obtain the equivalent multicapacity state model of each subsystem;
A. calculate the stoppage in transit capacities chart (converter transformer, converter valve and the converter transformer circuit breakers of the single 12 pulse wave converter valve correspondences of one-sided one pole) of each one-sided one pole convertor unit combination
At first, according to the method in (1) step, the bonding state enumerative technique obtains the converter transformer group reliability of the single convertor unit correspondence of one-sided one pole, calculate the breaker reliability of the single convertor unit correspondence of one-sided one pole then, merge converter transformer group, circuit breaker and valve reliability results at last and obtain one-sided one pole convertor unit (converter valve) reliability.
B. the Calculation of Reliability of both sides alternating current filter subsystem
According to the computational methods in (2) step, obtain taking into account the one-sided alternating current filter reliability of reactive capability table.
3) reliability of the two 12 arteries and veins wiring extra-high voltage DC transmission systems of calculating
(3)---2) step finish after, earlier according to extra-high voltage DC transmission system logical construction and operational mode, can obtain the reliability model block diagram of two 12 arteries and veins wiring extra-high voltage DC transmission systems, as shown in Figure 1, according to accompanying drawing 1 based on the state enumerative technique connection in series-parallel make up each subsystem reliability and can obtain the system reliability index.During based on state enumerative technique combination subsystem reliability model, the single event of failure capacity corresponding state of enumerating of system is got for a short time and is obtained by rectification top-cross stream filter capacity, anodal element and negative pole element volume sum, inversion top-cross stream filter capacity.At last, the reliability results of the two 12 arteries and veins wiring extra-high voltage DC transmission systems of output.
After the present invention adopts technique scheme, mainly contain following effect:
1. overcome the deficiency of existing FD method and fault tree, not only can calculate single 12 arteries and veins wiring super high voltage direct current electricity transmission system reliabilities, can also calculate two 12 arteries and veins wiring reliability of UHVDC transmission system, and model commonality is better, easy to utilize;
2. can consider of the influence of reactive capability table to alternating current filter subsystem reliability, more near the high voltage direct current transmission project practical operation situation, result of calculation accuracy height;
3. can consider the influence of the different standby modes of converter transformer subsystem and the mode of connection, without any need for the combination of state space graph, because based on the state enumerative technique, computational speed is very fast to system reliability.
The present invention is widely used in being used in particular in the extra-high voltage DC transmission system in the HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission system Calculation of Reliability of two 12 arteries and veins wiring.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is two 12 arteries and veins wiring reliability of UHVDC transmission system model framework charts
Fig. 2 is two 12 arteries and veins wiring DC transmission system Calculation of Reliability flow charts
Fig. 3 is certain DC transmission system rectification top-cross stream filter configuration
Fig. 4 is the wide extra-high voltage DC transmission system winding diagram of cloud
Among the figure, 1. bus, 2. rectification side and inversion side bipolar cell, comprise one-sided current conversion station control (control of standing), alternating-current field and alternating current filter subsystem, 3. the single convertor unit of one-sided one pole, it is the combination of converter transformer, converter valve and the circuit breaker of the single 12 pulse wave valve group correspondences of one-sided one pole, 4. unipolar component, comprise one-sided one pole DC filter, smoothing reactor, accessory power supply and DC power transmission line, 5.A type alternating current filter, 6.B the type alternating current filter, 7.C type alternating current filter, 8. circuit breaker.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, further specify the present invention.
Embodiment
The concrete steps of certain reliability of UHVDC transmission system computational methods are as follows:
(1), the one-sided converter transformer subsystem of two 12 arteries and veins wiring extra-high voltage DC transmission systems Calculation of Reliability
Because the converter transformer subsystem is that one-sided integral body is standby, dividing set of connections by 12 pulse wave converter valve, when calculating its reliability, is that unit carries out integrality and enumerates with the current conversion station, judge standby input situation then, merge all enumeration state and obtain converter transformer subsystem reliability results.
1) one-sided converter transformer subsystem dependability parameter in the two 12 arteries and veins wiring HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission system of input: the failure rate λ of converter transformer=0.0072 time/year, repair time are that 2243.0 hours, set-up time are 40 hours; The failure rate λ of circuit breaker=0.0028 time/year, repair time are 48 hours, isolation time γ '=1 hour;
2) enumerate one-sided converter transformer event of failure
(1)---1) step finish after, to one-sided each element of converter transformer subsystem, enumerate event of failure, the event of failure of converter transformer is enumerated quadravalence incident (being that the fault element number is four), rectification side and inversion side are enumerated respectively, and obtain piece barrier sets of elements that this enumerates event of failure.
3) from the concentrated fault replaceable components collection of finding out of fault element
(1)---2) finish after, the relatively model and the connected mode of fault element collection and spare part lumped elements, when the model and the connected mode of spare part was consistent with fault element, then this fault element was a replaceable components.Thereby seek out all interchangeable elements, form fault replaceable components collection.
What 4) form the replaceable components collection standbyly enables priority ordering
(1)---3) finish after, at first consider the transformer platform number that the converter transformer of each valve group correspondence need be replaced.With 1)---3) go on foot each the concentrated transformer of fault replaceable components that forms, carry out the standby priority ordering of enabling.Press earlier the number ordering of element: in the converter transformer of valve group correspondence, the replaceable components number that comprises is few more, and then the standby priority of enabling of this transformer is high more; In the converter transformer of valve group correspondence, when the number of the replaceable components that comprises equated, then the standby priority of enabling of this transformer was equal to.Enable the transformer that priority is equal to standby, again by the ordering of the size of its capacity: when the capacity of transformer group and corresponding valve group thereof is big more, its standby priority of enabling is high more, and when the valve pool-size of transformer group and correspondence thereof equated, its standby priority of enabling was equal to.Enable the transformer that priority is equal to standby, more further by its equivalent fault ordering repair time: when the fault correction time of transformer is long more, then the standby priority of enabling of this transformer is high more; When the fault correction time of transformer equated, its standby priority of enabling was equal to, and then these transformers can be enabled at random, thereby form the standby priority ordering of enabling of transformer of replaceable fault element collection.
To two 12 arteries and veins wiring extra-high voltage DC transmission systems for example, suppose that the rectification side has 4 converter valve groups, is labeled as valve 1 respectively, valve 2, valve 3, valve 4, the capacity of valve 1-4 (per unit value) is respectively 1.0,1.0,1.0,0.5, each valve group connects 3 converter transformers, and it all is single-phase three windings, adopts the martingale of Y/Y/ Δ, 3 change of current variations that valve 1 connects are not labeled as the change of current and become 1,2,3, and the rest may be inferred; The quadravalence fault takes place in hypothesis again, and the valve 1 fault change of current becomes 1,2, and the valve 2 fault changes of current become 4, and the valve 3 fault changes of current become 9,0 of valve 4 fault, then form initiation sequence 2,1,1,0}; Suppose that the standby change of current change of rectification side has 2, single-phase three windings, the martingale of Y/Y/ Δ; Be 2500 hours the repair time of supposing change of current change 1,2, be 2400 hours the repair time of change of current change 4, be 2550 hours the repair time of change of current change 9, it is as follows then to form standby step of enabling priority ordering: 1. comparing element number priority, by initiation sequence { 2,1,1,0} as can be known, standby valve 2 and valve 3 priority of enabling are than valve 1 height; 2. relatively the fault change of current of valve 2 and valve 3 becomes, and all is replaceable components as can be known, and relatively its capacity priority all is 1.0, so its capacity priority is equal to; 4. priority repair time that becomes of the fault change of current of valve 2 and valve 3 relatively, by hypothesis as can be known, the change of current becomes and becomes 4 than the change of current 9 repair time and want big, so the valve 3 fault changes of current become enable standby change of current change priority than valve 2 height.By last analysis as can be known, form at last standby enable priority ordering for 3,2,1,0}, promptly valve 3 priority are the highest, valve 2 takes second place, valve 1 is minimum, 0 expression need not to enable standby.
5) carrying out transformer by standby order of enabling priority ordering replaces
(1)---4) finish after, to (1)---2) step enumerates event of failure, by the 1st)---4) the standby order of enabling priority ordering of the transformer that forms carries out the replacement of converter transformer, and carries out the availability factor and the unavailability ratio calculating of fault element.When availability factor of carrying out fault element and unavailability ratio calculating, by standby order of enabling priority ordering, replace with the standby set-up time repair time of fault element.
6) calculate probability, frequency and the corresponding power system capacity of enumerating event of failure
(1)---5) finish after, calculate probability, frequency and the system's capacity corresponding state of enumerating event of failure by formula (1) and (2).Wherein, enumerating event of failure capacity corresponding state is determined by the stoppage in transit capacity that the converter transformer fault causes.
7) (1)---6) finish after, judge then whether enumerate event of failure finishes: when finishing, then export result of calculation; Otherwise return (1)---1) step carries out event of failure again and enumerates, carrying out the reliability index of one-sided converter transformer subsystem at last calculates: the probability that subsystem is in certain capacity status all of capacity status correspondence is for this reason enumerated event of failure failure probability sum, and the frequency that subsystem is in certain capacity status all of capacity status correspondence is for this reason enumerated incident failure frequency sum.
(2), the one-sided alternating current filter subsystem of two 12 arteries and veins wiring extra-high voltage DC transmission systems Calculation of Reliability
1) in the two 12 arteries and veins wiring extra-high voltage DC transmission system of input, each component reliability parameter of one-sided alternating current filter subsystem: the statistics failure rate λ of one-sided A, B, C, D type alternating current filter is respectively 0.9272 time/year, 0.7877 time/year, 1.2177 times/year, 1.2177 times/year, is respectively repair time 10.4 hours, 10.5 hours, 10.4 hours, 10.4 hours; The failure rate of circuit breaker is that 0.0028 time/year, repair time are that 48 hours, isolation time are 1 hour; Busbar fault rate λ=0.0123 time/year, be 10.20 hours repair time;
2) enumerate single event of failure
(2)---1) step finish after, to the element of one-sided alternating current filter subsystem, enumerate event of failure, event of failure is enumerated five rank (being that the fault element number is five);
3) (2)---2) finish after, determine the single event of failure capacity corresponding state of enumerating
(2)---2) finish after, determine that one-sided alternating current filter subsystem enumerates event of failure capacity corresponding state:
The reactive capability table of certain DC transmission system is as shown in the table, corresponding each model alternating current filter number is respectively " 1A, 2B, 0C; 0D " if certain enumerates event of failure, and enumerating event of failure with this below is that example is introduced single definite method of enumerating the event of failure capacity status:
The a certain single event of failure corresponding A, B, C, D type alternating current filter number enumerated is respectively 1,2,0 and 0 in enumeration process, and search alternating current filter reactive capability table is found out all and satisfied 1 〉=N
Ak, 2 〉=N
Bk, 0 〉=N
Ck, 0 〉=N
DkThe capacity status set A=0.60,0.75}, then maximum capacity status 0.75 is the single event of failure capacity corresponding state of enumerating in the capacity status set A.
A) equivalence of AC filter and breaker isolation processes and repair process
Isolation processes and repair process separate computations to circuit breaker failure, the failure effect of its isolation processes is identical with the bus that it is connected, it repairs consequence identical with the filter that it is joined (interchange main bus bar connect circuit breaker failure consequence and its connect the alternating current filter bus identical), then respectively with the isolation processes and the repair process equivalence of circuit breaker.
Failure rate and the repair rate of supposing two elements are to be respectively λ
1, λ
2And μ
1, μ
2, the series connection equivalence element failure rate and be respectively λ repair time
SeAnd μ
Se, the computing formula of the equivalent network of then connecting is
λ
se＝λ
1+λ
2 (3)
B) equivalence of circuit breaker isolation processes and failure effect thereof determines
In the circuit breaker isolation processes, the circuit breaker of main bus bar and the little bus of alternating current filter, the little bus of alternating current filter is the relation of connecting with bus, it can be merged with the equivalent formula of series connection.The element that only has three types of big buses, little bus, filter so in the system.
Carrying out multistage fault when enumerating, only there are two kinds of situations, the one, the fault effects capacity addition of element, the one, element fault consequence capacity " is got big " (getting any that is included in greatly in equating).
Have only under two kinds of situations it is got big processing, the one, little bus and the filter fault that is connected with its time, the one, there is big busbar fault in the state.
When handling multistage malfunction, carry out the big processing of getting under the same bus earlier, then with each capacity addition, can get the consequence of multistage malfunction.
At the circuit breaker repair process, alternating current filter and connected AC filter and breaker, the little bus of alternating current filter and coupled AC filter and breaker are the relations of series connection.In like manner, the equivalence of they can being connected respectively.The element that only has three types of big buses, little bus, filter so in the system.Can the samely handle.The isolation processes of separate computations circuit breaker failure and the probability of repair process and frequency, the meeting double counting does not comprise the state of circuit breaker failure.Must deduct the probability and the frequency of the state that does not comprise circuit breaker failure.
4) calculate probability, the frequency of enumerating event of failure
(2)---3) step finish after, earlier by formula (1) and formula (2) in (1) step, event of failure probability and frequency are enumerated in calculating, the probability of enumerating event of failure of same capability state again adds up, be the accumulative total failure probability of subsystem, the same capability state that adds up is enumerated the frequency of event of failure, is the accumulative total failure frequency of subsystem, carry out the judgement of finishing that fault is enumerated incident then: when finishing, then export result of calculation; Otherwise return (2)---1), enumerate event of failure again.
(3), two 12 arteries and veins wiring reliability of UHVDC transmission system calculate
1) input system initial data and system topological relation
The input data comprise failure rate, repair time and the set-up time of each element of DC transmission system, DC transmission system mainly comprises alternating current filter, converter transformer, bus, circuit breaker, smoothing reactor, valve group, the control of standing, utmost point control, accessory power supply and DC power transmission line, and their dependability parameter sees following table for details:
| Device name | Failure rate (inferior/year) | Repair time (hour) |
| Converter transformer | 0.0072 | 2243.0 |
| A type alternating current filter | 0.9272 | 10.4 |
| The Type B alternating current filter | 0.7877 | 10.5 |
| C type alternating current filter | 1.2177 | 10.4 |
| D type alternating current filter | 1.2177 | 10.4 |
| 12 pulse wave convertor units | 0.2235 | 5.038 |
| Smoothing reactor | 0.0008 | 5110 |
| DC filter | 0.2185 | 6.087 |
| DC power transmission line | 0.2/100km | 45 |
| The earth electrode wiretap | 0.0053 | 10.20 |
| Utmost point control | 0.0774 | 2.962 |
| The control of standing | 0.0001 | 1.500 |
| Accessory power supply | 2.63E-07 | 12.00 |
| Bus | 0.0123 | 10.20 |
| Circuit breaker | 0.0028 | 48 ( |
2) calculate the multimode stoppage in transit capacities chart of each subsystem
(3)---1) after the step finishes, calculate the multimode stoppage in transit capacities chart of each subsystem:
According to the typical structure of extra-high voltage direct-current current conversion station, its subsystem comprises converter transformer subsystem, control protected subsystem, valve set system, alternating current filter subsystem, alternating-current field, dc fields, DC power transmission line and auxiliary equipment.Calculate each subsystem reliability respectively, obtain the equivalent multicapacity state model of each subsystem;
A. calculate the stoppage in transit capacities chart (being converter transformer, converter valve and the converter transformer circuit breaker of the single 12 pulse wave converter valve correspondences of one-sided one pole) of each one-sided one pole convertor unit combination:
At first, according to the method in (1) step, the bonding state enumerative technique obtains the converter transformer group reliability of the single convertor unit correspondence of one-sided one pole, the breaker reliability that calculates the single convertor unit correspondence of one-sided one pole then calculates, and merges converter transformer group, circuit breaker and valve reliability results at last and obtains one-sided one pole convertor unit (converter valve) reliability.
B. the Calculation of Reliability of both sides alternating current filter subsystem;
According to the computational methods in (2) step, obtain taking into account the one-sided alternating current filter reliability of reactive capability table, the influence of central consideration bus and circuit breaker.
3) reliability of the two 12 arteries and veins wiring extra-high voltage DC transmission systems of calculating
The (3)-2) step finish after, earlier according to extra-high voltage DC transmission system logical construction and operational mode, can obtain the reliability model block diagram of two 12 arteries and veins wiring extra-high voltage DC transmission systems, as shown in Figure 1, according to accompanying drawing 1 based on the state enumerative technique connection in series-parallel make up each subsystem reliability and can obtain the system reliability index.During based on state enumerative technique combination subsystem reliability model, the single event of failure capacity corresponding state of enumerating of system is got for a short time and is obtained by rectification top-cross stream filter capacity, anodal element and negative pole element volume sum, inversion top-cross stream filter capacity.At last, the reliability results of the two 12 arteries and veins wiring extra-high voltage DC transmission systems of output.
Experimental result
The present invention is applied to example topology that the wide reliability of UHVDC transmission system of cloud calculates as shown in Figure 4.Converter transformer adopts single-phase double winding wiring, and each one of correspondence of one-sided high-pressure side Y/Y and Y/ Δ wiring converter transformer is standby; Smoothing reactor adopts one-sided high-pressure side, neutral line place integral body standby, and standby number is 1; One-sided one pole DC filter 1 redundancy; Each component reliability parameter sees SIEMENS research report " Availability and reliability Study Report (Guizhou-Guangdong ± 500kV DC transmissiong project) " for details.
The wide extra-high voltage DC transmission system basic reliability of cloud index result of calculation is as shown in the table:
| Title | Index (not adding valve group by-pass switch) | Index (adding valve group by-pass switch) |
| Force the energy unavailability ratio | 0.030912 | 0.018514 |
| The one pole forced outage rate (inferior/year) | 21.924574 | 13.853310 |
| Bipolar stoppage in transit forced outage rate (inferior/year) | 0.689506 | 0.139365 |
The probability and the Frequency Index result of calculation of each capacity status of the wide extra-high voltage DC transmission system of cloud and correspondence thereof are as shown in the table:
| Capacity status | Probability | Frequency |
| 0.000000 | 0.000068 | 0.139365 |
| 0.150000 | 0.000001 | 0.000986 |
| 0.250000 | 0.000299 | 0.384678 |
| 0.300000 | 0.000000 | 0.000029 |
| 0.350000 | 0.000000 | 0.000010 |
| 0.400000 | 0.000000 | 0.000208 |
| 0.450000 | 0.000000 | 0.000422 |
| 0.500000 | 0.012285 | 14.019246 |
| 0.550000 | 0.000089 | 0.083535 |
| 0.600000 | 0.000001 | 0.002191 |
| 0.650000 | 0.000000 | 0.000000 |
| 0.700000 | 0.000030 | 0.025930 |
| 0.750000 | 0.048063 | 8.065239 |
| 0.800000 | 0.000000 | 0.000003 |
| 0.850000 | 0.000014 | 0.024030 |
| 0.900000 | 0.000115 | 0.132342 |
| 1.000000 | 0.939035 | 62.457390 |
The probability and the Frequency Index of the wide extra-high voltage DC transmission system of cloud both sides each capacity status of ac filter subsystem and correspondence thereof are as shown in the table:
| Rectification top-cross stream filter capacity state | Probability | Frequency |
| 0.00 | 0.000015590189 | 0.023916862062 |
| 0.15 | 0.000000001378 | 0.000002586971 |
| 0.30 | 0.000000005994 | 0.000015156332 |
| 0.35 | 0.000000003859 | 0.000009657422 |
| 0.45 | 0.000000226110 | 0.000410213594 |
| 0.50 | 0.000000263732 | 0.000470683243 |
| 0.60 | 0.000000440288 | 0.000803402706 |
| 0.65 | 0.000000000000 | 0.000000000000 |
| 0.70 | 0.000000000002 | 0.000000005905 |
| 0.80 | 0.000000001424 | 0.000003649895 |
| 0.85 | 0.000014870403 | 0.025081986733 |
| 0.90 | 0.000122921007 | 0.136742581422 |
| 1.00 | 0.999845675614 | 32.581989041540 |
| Inversion top-cross stream filter capacity state | Probability | Frequency |
| 0.00 | 0.000015590191 | 0.023886822897 |
| 0.15 | 0.000000559432 | 0.000943776185 |
| 0.30 | 0.000000005075 | 0.000012687547 |
| 0.40 | 0.000000082168 | 0.000202626115 |
| 0.55 | 0.000090378317 | 0.079487709271 |
| 0.60 | 0.000000777268 | 0.001354526170 |
| 0.70 | 0.000030110508 | 0.024557367294 |
| 0.80 | 0.000000000000 | 0.000000000000 |
| 0.85 | 0.000000000000 | 0.000000000000 |
| 1.00 | 0.999862497040 | 14.979656499669 |
The probability and the Frequency Index result of calculation of the wide extra-high voltage DC transmission system of cloud both sides converter transformer subsystem whole volume state and correspondence thereof are as shown in the table:
| Rectification side converter transformer whole volume state | Probability | Frequency |
| 0.00 | 0.000000000761 | 0.000000041921 |
| 0.25 | 0.000000397700 | 0.000019774665 |
| 0.50 | 0.000170711789 | 0.004465554119 |
| 0.75 | 0.024424730805 | 1.590525668622 |
| 1.00 | 0.975404158946 | 1.595011039327 |
| Inversion side converter transformer whole volume state | Probability | Frequency |
| 0.00 | 0.000000000761 | 0.000000041921 |
| 0.25 | 0.000000398480 | 0.000019786413 |
| 0.50 | 0.000170853933 | 0.004467144444 |
| 0.75 | 0.024431138778 | 1.590572254913 |
| 1.00 | 0.975397608048 | 1.595059227692 |
From The above results as can be known, during utilization this method assessment DC transmission system reliability, can in evaluation process, consider the standby influence with the reactive capability table of converter transformer, more near engineering reality; Do not need to set up any state space graph and fault tree graph, algorithm interface is simple, be convenient to the engineering staff and learn practicality, and versatility is better, can handle superhigh pressure, extra-high-speed DC transmission system reliability effectively.
Claims (1)
1. reliability of UHVDC transmission system computational methods are utilized computer, calculate by program, and its characteristic is that concrete method step is as follows:
(1), the one-sided converter transformer subsystem of two 12 arteries and veins wiring extra-high voltage DC transmission systems Calculation of Reliability
1) the reliability of statistics parameter of one-sided each element of converter transformer subsystem in the two 12 arteries and veins wiring extra-high voltage DC transmission systems of input, failure rate λ, repair time 8760/ μ and set-up time γ that comprises converter transformer, the failure rate λ of circuit breaker, repair time 8760/ μ and isolation time;
2) enumerate one-sided converter transformer event of failure
(1)---1) step finish after, to one-sided each element of converter transformer subsystem, enumerate event of failure, the event of failure of converter transformer is enumerated the quadravalence incident, be that the fault element number is four, rectification side and inversion side are enumerated respectively, and obtain the fault element collection that this enumerates event of failure;
3) from the concentrated fault replaceable components collection of finding out of fault element
(1)---2) step finish after, the model and the connected mode that compare fault element collection and spare part lumped elements, when the model of spare part is consistent with fault element with connected mode, then this fault element is a replaceable components, thereby seek out all interchangeable elements, form fault replaceable components collection;
What 4) form the replaceable components collection standbyly enables priority ordering
(1)---3) step finish after, at first consider the transformer platform number that the converter transformer of each valve group correspondence need be replaced, with 1)---3) each transformer of concentrating of the fault replaceable components that forms of step, carry out the standby priority ordering of enabling, press earlier the number ordering of element: in the converter transformer of valve group correspondence, the replaceable components number that comprises is few more, and then the standby priority of enabling of this transformer is high more; In the converter transformer of valve group correspondence, when the number of the replaceable components that comprises equates, then the standby priority of enabling of this transformer is equal to, enable the transformer that priority is equal to standby, again by the ordering of the size of its capacity: when the capacity of transformer group and corresponding valve group thereof is big more, its standby priority of enabling is high more, when the valve pool-size of transformer group and correspondence thereof equates, its standby priority of enabling is equal to, enable the transformer that priority is equal to standby, again further by ordering repair time of its equivalent fault: when the fault correction time of transformer is long more, then the standby priority of enabling of this transformer is high more; When the fault correction time of transformer equated, its standby priority of enabling was equal to, and then these transformers can be enabled at random, thereby form the standby priority ordering of enabling of transformer of replaceable fault element collection;
5) carrying out transformer by standby order of enabling priority ordering replaces
(1)---4) step finish after, to (1)---2) go on foot and enumerate event of failure, by (1)---4) the standby order of enabling priority ordering of the transformer that forms of step carries out the replacement of converter transformer, and the availability factor and the unavailability ratio that carry out fault element calculate, when availability factor of carrying out fault element and unavailability ratio calculating, by standby order of enabling priority ordering, replace with the standby set-up time repair time of fault element;
6) calculate probability, frequency and the corresponding power system capacity of enumerating event of failure
(1)---5) step finish after, be calculated as follows the probability of enumerating event of failure earlier:
In the formula: A
iAnd U
iBe respectively i element availability factor and unavailability ratio, N
fAnd N-N
fBe respectively the number of elements that lost efficacy and do not lose efficacy among the state s, the frequency of enumerating event of failure is:
In the formula, λ
kBe k the rate of transform that element leaves from state s, when k element at work, λ then
kIt is failure rate;
When k element be in stop transport and do not have standby, λ then
kBe repair rate, standby input, then λ still arranged when k element is in to stop transport
kBe standby installation rate, enumerate event of failure capacity corresponding state and determine by the stoppage in transit capacity that the converter transformer fault causes;
7) (1)---6) after the step finishes, judge then whether enumerate event of failure finishes: when finishing, then export result of calculation; Otherwise return (1)---1) step carries out event of failure again and enumerates, carrying out the reliability index of one-sided converter transformer subsystem at last calculates: the probability that subsystem is in certain capacity status all of capacity status correspondence is for this reason enumerated event of failure failure probability sum, and the frequency that subsystem is in certain capacity status all of capacity status correspondence is for this reason enumerated incident failure frequency sum;
(2), the one-sided alternating current filter subsystem of two 12 arteries and veins wiring extra-high voltage DC transmission systems Calculation of Reliability
1) imports respectively in two 12 arteries and veins wiring extra-high voltage DC transmission systems, 11/13 double tunning alternating current filter of the A type of one-sided alternating current filter subsystem, 3/24/36 time three tuning alternating current filter of Type B, the statistics failure rate λ of C type and D high pass alternating current filter and repair time 8760/ μ, the failure rate λ of bus and repair time 8760/ μ, the barrier rate λ of circuit breaker, repair time 8760/ μ and isolation time γ ';
2) enumerate one-sided alternating current filter event of failure
(2)---1) step finish after, to the element of one-sided alternating current filter subsystem, enumerate event of failure, event of failure is enumerated five rank, promptly the fault element number is five;
3) determine to enumerate event of failure capacity corresponding state
(2)---2) after the step finishes, determine that one-sided alternating current filter subsystem enumerates event of failure capacity corresponding state: 1. single the determining of event of failure capacity status of enumerating
In enumeration process, a certain single event of failure corresponding A, B, C, D type alternating current filter number enumerated is respectively N
a, N
b, N
cAnd N
dSearch alternating current filter reactive capability table is found out all and is satisfied N
a〉=N
Ak, N
b〉=N
Bk, N
c〉=N
Ck, N
d〉=N
DkCapacity status set φ, wherein N
Ak, N
Bk, N
Ck, N
DkBe respectively A, B, C, the D type alternating current filter number of capacity status k correspondence, then maximum capacity status is the single event of failure capacity corresponding state of enumerating among the capacity status set φ;
2. the equivalence of AC filter and breaker isolation processes and repair process
Isolation processes and repair process separate computations to circuit breaker failure, the failure effect of its isolation processes is identical with the bus that it is connected, its reparation consequence is identical with the filter that it is connected, promptly exchange main bus bar and connect the circuit breaker failure consequence to connect the alternating current filter bus identical with it, then respectively with the isolation processes and the repair process equivalence of circuit breaker;
3. the equivalence of circuit breaker isolation processes and failure effect thereof determines
Carrying out the multistage fault of one-sided alternating current filter subsystem when enumerating, only there are two kinds of situations, the one, the fault effects capacity addition of element, the one, element fault consequence capacity " is got big ", get any that is included in greatly in equating, have only under two kinds of situations it is got big processing, the one, little bus and the filter fault that is connected with its time, the one, there is big busbar fault in the state, when handling multistage malfunction, carry out the big processing of getting under the same bus earlier,, can get the consequence of multistage malfunction then with each capacity addition;
4) calculate probability, the frequency of enumerating event of failure
(2)---3) step finish after, earlier by formula (1) and formula (2) in (1) step, event of failure probability and frequency are enumerated in calculating, the probability of enumerating event of failure of same capability state again adds up, be the accumulative total failure probability of subsystem, the same capability state that adds up is enumerated the frequency of event of failure, is the accumulative total failure frequency of subsystem, carry out the judgement of finishing that fault is enumerated incident then: when finishing, then export result of calculation; Otherwise return (2)---1) step, enumerate event of failure again;
(3), two 12 arteries and veins wiring reliability of UHVDC transmission system calculate
1) input system initial data and system topological relation
In the two 12 arteries and veins wiring extra-high voltage DC transmission systems of input: statistics failure rate, repair time and the set-up time of alternating current filter, converter transformer, bus, circuit breaker, smoothing reactor, valve group, the control of standing, utmost point control, accessory power supply, DC power transmission line;
2) calculate the multimode stoppage in transit capacities chart of each subsystem
(3)---1) after the step finishes, calculate the multimode stoppage in transit capacities chart of each subsystem:
Typical structure according to the extra-high voltage direct-current current conversion station, its subsystem comprises converter transformer subsystem, control protected subsystem, valve set system, alternating current filter subsystem, alternating-current field, dc fields, DC power transmission line and auxiliary equipment, calculate each subsystem reliability respectively, obtain the equivalent multicapacity state model of each subsystem;
A. calculate the stoppage in transit capacities chart of each one-sided one pole convertor unit combination, converter transformer, converter valve and the converter transformer circuit breaker of the single 12 pulse wave converter valve correspondences of promptly one-sided one pole:
At first, according to the method in (1) step, the bonding state enumerative technique obtains the converter transformer group reliability of the single convertor unit correspondence of one-sided one pole, calculate the breaker reliability of the single convertor unit correspondence of one-sided one pole then, merge converter transformer group, circuit breaker and valve reliability results at last and obtain one-sided one pole convertor unit reliability;
B. the Calculation of Reliability of both sides alternating current filter subsystem
According to the computational methods in (2) step, obtain calculating the one-sided alternating current filter reliability of reactive capability table;
3) reliability of the two 12 arteries and veins wiring extra-high voltage DC transmission systems of calculating
(3)---2) step finish after, earlier according to extra-high voltage DC transmission system logical construction and operational mode, obtain the reliability model block diagram of two 12 arteries and veins wiring extra-high voltage DC transmission systems, according to this block diagram based on the state enumerative technique connection in series-parallel make up each subsystem reliability and can obtain the system reliability index, during based on state enumerative technique combination subsystem reliability model, the single event of failure capacity corresponding state of enumerating of system is by rectification top-cross stream filter capacity, anodal element and negative pole element volume sum, inversion top-cross stream filter capacity is got for a short time and is obtained, at last, the reliability results of the two 12 arteries and veins wiring extra-high voltage DC transmission systems of output.
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